12/15/2014 3 Biology of Fishes FISH/BIOL 311 Winter Quarter 2015 T. W. Pietsch BIOLOGY OF FISHES FISH/BIOL 311, Winter Quarter 2015 Instructor: Ted Pietsch Office: Fisheries Teaching and Research, FTR 201/203 Telephone: 543-8923, FAX: 616-6716 E-mail <[email protected]> Office hours: just stop by or make an appointment 1 12/15/2014 BIOLOGY OF FISHES FISH/BIOL 311, Winter Quarter 2015 TEACHING ASSISTANTS Alicia Godersky M.S. Candidate E-mail: [email protected] Teaching Assistant for Lab Section AC, Tuesday-Thursday mornings Office: the UW Fish Collection, Fisheries Teaching and Research, FTR 005 Office hours: TBA BIOLOGY OF FISHES FISH/BIOL 311, Winter Quarter 2015 TEACHING ASSISTANTS Katie Moyer, M.S. Candidate E-mail: [email protected] Teaching Assistant for Lab Section AA, Wednesday-Friday afternoons Office: the UW Fish Collection, Fisheries Teaching and Research, FTR 005 Office hours: TBA BIOLOGY OF FISHES FISH/BIOL 311, Winter Quarter 2015 TEACHING ASSISTANTS Susan Harris E-mail: [email protected] SAFS Undergraduate Peer-TA for Lab Section AB, Tuesday-Thursday afternoons Office: the UW Fish Collection, Fisheries Teaching and Research, FTR 005 Office hours: TBA 2 12/15/2014 BIOLOGY OF FISHES FISH/BIOL 311, Winter Quarter 2015 TEACHING ASSISTANTS Austin Burrill E-mail: [email protected] SAFS Undergraduate Peer-TAs for Lab Section AB, Tuesday-Thursday afternoons Office: the UW Fish Collection, Fisheries Teaching and Research, FTR 005 Office hours: TBA BIOLOGY OF FISHES FISH/BIOL 311, Winter Quarter 2015 ORGANIZATION AND SCOPE OF THE COURSE: an introductory course designed to provide an overview of the wonderful world of fishes, their kinds and ways: discussion, demonstration, and hands-on examination of the biology and diversity of living fishes of the world—from ancient bottomliving hagfishes and lampreys to modern-day sharks, rays, and bony fishes; from the freshwaters of Amazonia and the Congo Basin to mangrove swamps and coral reefs; and from shallowwater lakes and streams to the deepest parts of the world oceans. BIOLOGY OF FISHES FISH/BIOL 311, Winter Quarter 2015 Course web-site: http://courses.washington.edu/fish311 Or simply Google “FISH 311” Everything is there: contact information, organization and scope of the course, lecture schedule, lectures and lecture notes, laboratory schedule, lab notes, books, grading scheme, helpful hints, and various links to related websites 3 12/15/2014 ● Lecture Schedule ● Monday, January 5: Introduction: organization and scope of the course; definitions; major themes: form, function, and biodiversity; major groups of fishes. Notes Wednesday, January 7: 1. Form: External anatomy; body shape and size; fins, spines, and scales; evolutionary trends in body form. Notes Friday, January 9: 2. Biodiversity: Numbers and kinds of fishes; diversity through time; taxonomy, systematics, and classification; major groups of fishes. Notes Monday, January 12: 3. Form and function: Origin and kinds of bone; evolution of skeletal systems; functional units of the fish skeleton. Notes Wednesday, January 14: 4. Function: Locomotory mechanisms; anguilliform versus carangiform swimming; non-swimming locomotion; the functions of fins. Notes Friday, January 16: 5. Form and function: Airbladder evolution and structure; swimbladders and buoyancy; respiration and sound production. Notes Monday, January 19: Holiday: Martin Luther King Jr. Day Wednesday, January 21: 6. Biodiversity: Methods and goals of systematics; phenetics, evolutionary systematics, and cladistics. Notes Friday, January 23: 7. Biodiversity I: Jawless fishes; sharks and their allies; evolutionary successes and failures. Notes Monday, January 26: 8. Biodiversity II: Primitive bony fishes and the rise of modern teleosts. Notes Wednesday, January 28: Lecture Examination I Friday, January 30: 9. Form and function: Feeding modes and mechanisms; biomechanical considerations; upper jaw mobility and evolutionary success. Notes Monday, February 2: 10. Form and function: Feeding modes and mechanisms continued: how fishes get their mouths open and closed. Notes Wednesday, February 4: Guest lecture: Taxonomy, systematics, and fisheries management: North Pacific skates, rockfishes, and snailfishes as case studies. Friday, February 6: 11. Biodiversity III: Trends in teleost evolution; primitive teleosts and the rise of euteleost fishes. Notes Monday, February 9: 12. Biodiversity IV: Primitive euteleosts, the rise of acanthomorph fishes. Notes Wednesday, February 11: 13. Form and function: Modes of reproduction; functional anatomy; unique strategies and adaptations; parental care. Notes Friday, February 13: 14. Form and function: Osmoregulation, water and ionic balance in diverse aquatic environments. Notes Monday, February 16: Holiday: President’s Day Wednesday, February 18: 15. Function: Respiration; buccal and opercular pumps; structure and function of gills; air-breathing fishes. Notes Friday, February 20: 16. Biodiversity V: Acanthopterygian fishes and derivative orders; morphology, ecology, and co-evolution. Notes Monday, February 23: 17. Form, function, and biodiversity: Early life history, eggs and larvae, techniques and approaches, ontogeny and phylogeny. Notes Wednesday, February 25: Lecture Examination II Friday, February 27: 18. Biodiversity VI: Sarcopterygian fishes; video on the story of Latimeria. Notes Monday, March 2: 19. Biodiversity Deep-sea fishes: biodiversity and bioluminescence in Earth's largest ecosystem. Notes Wednesday, March 4: 20. Form and function, sensory perception I: Smell and taste; hearing and the acoustico-lateralis system. Notes Friday, March 6: Otoliths: What are they, what do they do, and why are they important? Monday, March 9: 21. Form and function, sensory perception II: Eyes and vision; visual pigments and color vision. Notes Wednesday, March 11: 22. Form and function, sensory perception III: Electric organs and electroreception; object location and identification; electrocommunication. Notes Friday, March 13: 23. Biodiversity: Distribution and zoogeography; marine zoogeographic regions and barriers; dispersal versus vicariance. Notes Wednesday, March 18: Comprehensive Final Examination, 2:30-4:20 pm, FSH 102 4 12/15/2014 BIOLOGY OF FISHES FISH/BIOL 311, Winter Quarter 2015 LECTURE NOTES: Links to “notes” can be found on the website following the lectures; these aren’t really notes in themselves, but pages that allow you to make your own notes, before, during, or after lectures are presented. They look like this: 5 12/15/2014 BIOLOGY OF FISHES FISH/BIOL 311, Winter Quarter 2015 BOOKS Gene S. Helfman, Bruce B. Collette, Douglas E. Facey, and Brian W. Bowen. 2009. The Diversity of Fishes, 2nd Edition. Wiley-Blackwell, Chichester, West Sussex, UK, xiv + 720 pp. Recommended only. Nelson, Joseph S. 2006. Fishes of the World, 4th Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, New Jersey, xx + 601 pp. Recommended only. Gene S. Helfman, Bruce B. Collette, Douglas E. Facey, and Brian W. Bowen. 2009. The Diversity of Fishes, 2nd Edition. Wiley-Blackwell, Chichester, West Sussex, UK, xiv + 720 pp., $70 on Amazon last year, but now $124! Recommended only 6 12/15/2014 Nelson, Joseph S. 2006. Fishes of the World, 4th Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, New Jersey, xx + 601 pp., $108 on Amazon last year, but now 115! Recommended only Gene Helfman and Bruce Collette, 2011, Fishes: The Animal Answer Guide, Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, xv + 178 pp., in paperback, $20 on Amazon. Recommended only 7 12/15/2014 BIOLOGY OF FISHES FISH/BIOL 311, Winter Quarter 2015 Grades and grading: Lecture only Points Lecture and laboratory Lecture exam I Lecture exam II Clicker quizzes Comprehensive lecture final Totals 100 100 100 300 Points Lecture exam I Lecture exam II Clicker quizzes Comprehensive lecture final 100 100 100 300 Midterm laboratory exam Laboratory notebook Quizzes Comprehensive lab final 100 50 50 200 600 1000 BIOLOGY OF FISHES FISH/BIOL 311, Winter Quarter 2015 Helpful Files Phylogeny Tutorial Phylogeny 1 Phylogeny 2 Phylogenetic Trees Linnaean hierarchy Names and Naming Geological Time Scientific Terminology Anatomical Terminology Fossil Fishes Otoliths Sample Exam BIOLOGY OF FISHES FISH/BIOL 311, Winter Quarter 2015 Links UW Academic Conduct & Disability Information Burke Museum Fish Collection UW Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture UW School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences Homepage UW Department of Biology Gilbert Ichthyological Society American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists Vertebrate pages on the Tree of Life NOAA Ichthyoplankton Information System Web of Science (via UW Libraries) Catalog of Fishes 8 12/15/2014 BIOLOGY OF FISHES FISH/BIOL 311, Winter Quarter 2015 Why Study Fishes? Fishes have by far the longest evolutionary history among vertebrate animals, well over half a billion years. There are more living species of fishes than all other vertebrates put together. They have the broadest adult size range among animals, from 6 mm to 15 m (a quarter of an inch to 50 feet). They have the greatest life span among animals, from 2 months to at least 205 years. A greater range of reproductive modes than any other group of animals, from simply broadcast spawning to elaborate parental care. BIOLOGY OF FISHES FISH/BIOL 311, Winter Quarter 2015 Why Study Fishes? Fishes are remarkably successful—they have exploited all known aquatic habitats of the world, including some of the most extreme environments on earth: Temperatures ranging from -2 to 40 degrees C (28 to 104 F). Alkalinity and acidity ranging from 4 to 10 pH. Depths and elevation exceeding those of all other higher forms of life: freshwater fishes to an elevation of about 4,600 m (3 miles); marine fishes to depths that exceed 11,000 m (7 miles). BIOLOGY OF FISHES FISH/BIOL 311, Winter Quarter 2015 Why Study Fishes? Fishes display a greater range of morphological and physiological variation than any group of vertebrates. As humans, we owe our bilateral symmetry, our bony skeleton, our arms and legs, our jaws and teeth, our lungs, and many other anatomical parts to fishes. 9 12/15/2014 10
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