Regina Ostergaard-Klem, PhD Kirsten Oleson, PhD American Planning Association Hawaii Chapter July 2, 2014 GPI “Island Style” Introducing the Genuine Progress Indicator to Hawaii Background on GPI-HI Hawaii State Environmental Council Hawaii State Dept of Health Established 1970; annual report mandated by law GPI-HI Team HPU and UH Manoa OEQC Office of Environmental Quality Control EC members Phase I: Fall 2012 Phase II: Fall 2013 Environmental Council What GDP Measures Gross domestic product (GDP) is the total market value of all final goods and services in an economy within a given time period “…it measures everything, in short, except that which makes life worthwhile.” Robert Kennedy March 18, 1968 University of Kansas http://www.biography.com/people/robert-kennedy-9363052 What GDP Doesn’t Measure Non-market activity Costs of economic growth Natural capital depreciation Income inequality Going “Beyond GDP” Adjust • Index of Sustainable Economic Welfare • Genuine Progress Indicator Supplement Replace • System of Environmental Economic Accounts • Human Development Index • Millennium Development Goals • Ecological Footprint • Happy Planet Index • Gross National Happiness Going “Beyond GDP” Adjust • Index of Sustainable Economic Welfare • Genuine Progress Indicator Supplement Replace • System of Environmental Economic Accounts • Human Development Index • Millennium Development Goals • Ecological Footprint • Happy Planet Index • Gross National Happiness http://www.gpiinthestates.org/gpi/ GPI Island Style Benefits of GPI Model Hawaii U publicly Use a available data W Work across a agencies and llevels Organize data collection efforts and “ownership” Coordinate state initiatives (e.g., Hawaii.data.gov) Inform the public and engage policy makers EC Annual report Challenges to GPI Model Hawaii D Data quality and quantity a M GPI as MD platform p Assigning $ value Unique island characteristics Lack of local valuation studies Standardization vs. localization http://www.green.maryland.gov/mdgpi/indicators.asp http://www.green.maryland.gov/mdgpi/indicators.asp Cost of Underemployment # of constrained workers Average wage rate GPI –costs of underemployment Cost of Submerged Coastal System Change http://www.green.maryland.gov/mdgpi/indicators.asp mdgpi/indicators asp Biophysical Changes Valuation Studies Adjust GPI +/- Water Pollution % impaired streams Value of clean water GPI – water pollution costs Land Use Changes Acres wetlands lost Wetlands’ value GPI cost of wetland loss Personal Pollution Abatement Cost of waste water treatment/unit of pollution Amount of residential waste water GPI - cost waste water treatment Submerged Coastal Ecosystems Value coral reef Acres lost coral reef GPI Cost of coral reef loss http://www.green.maryland.gov/mdgpi/indicators.asp Cost of Commuting Hours spent commuting Wage rate GPI- costs of commuting Value of Housework Hours spent on housework Wage rate of housekeepers GPI+ unpaid housework Cost of Crime Incidents of crime Cost of crime GPIcost of crime GPI Hawaii Baseline Used MD GPI spreadsheet as platform Identified trends in Hawaii Examined standard GPI approaches, formulae Collected baseline data, identified data gaps Located valuation studies, if any Documented assumptions for baseline Suggested improvements for follow-on GPI Billions of dollars -2 -4 -6 -8 Commuting Underemployment Climate Change Leisure time Consumer durables ( t)Energy Nonrenewable R D l ti Net capital investment Volunteer work Highways and streets Forest cover Wetland Ozone depletion Crime Farmland Water pollution Noise pollution Personal pollution b t crashes t Motor vehicle Housework Consumer durables ( education i ) Higher GPI in 2005 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Per capita adjustments 2005 Economic $ - 874 Environmental $ - 6,200 Social $ 8,558 Hawaii GSP v GPI 1969-2012 60 Billions of dollars 50 40 30 20 10 0 1969 1974 1979 1984 GPI (billion, 2000 $) 1989 1994 1999 GSP (billion, 2000 $) 2004 2009 Hawaii’s GSP v GPI 2000-2009 60 Billions of dollars 50 40 30 20 10 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 GPI (billion, 2000 $) 2005 2006 GSP (billion, 2000 $) 2007 2008 2009 GPI Island Style: Economic Challenges Geographic isolation Dependence on external inputs Undiversified, export-based economy Tourism, military Vulnerability Inequality across groups, islands, rural vs. urban GPI Island Style: Environmental Challenges Scarce natural capital Hotspots of biodiversity Invasive species Quantity versus quality Fossil fuel dependence Potential for renewable energy Climate change Damages caused versus damages suffered GPI Island Style: Social Challenges Strong social capital Family networks and ohana Multigenerational households Homelessness Human capital growing but leaving Next Steps HPU UH ISLAND STYLE GPI EC DOH Other Studies HPU UH ISLAND STYLE GPI EC DOH Other Studies HPU UH GPI 2.0 ISLAND STYLE GPI EC DOH Other Studies HPU UH GPI 2.0 ISLAND STYLE GPI EC DOH Data Owners Open Data HGGI Other Studies HPU UH GPI 2.0 ISLAND STYLE GPI EC DOH Data Owners Open Data HGGI Other Studies HPU UH ISLAND STYLE GPI GPI 2.0 EC DOH Data Owners Policy Maker Citizen Open Data HGGI Other Studies HPU UH ISLAND STYLE GPI GPI 2.0 EC DOH Data Owners Policy Maker Mahalo! [email protected] [email protected] 2012 Environmental Council Annual Report: http://health.hawaii.gov/news/files/2013/05/13-024.pdf 2013 Environmental Council Annual Report: http://oeqc.doh.hawaii.gov/Shared%20Documents/ Environmental_Council/Annual_Reports/AnnualReport-2013.pdf
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