SDUV-FEL

Free electron laser activities at Shanghai
Haixiao Deng (鄧海嘯), On behalf of FEL team
Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics (SINAP)
KEK, Japan 2014.03.06
 About SINAP
 Past, Present and Plan of SDUV-FEL
 future FEL facilities at Shanghai
1. About SINAP
Introduction of SINAP
1. About SINAP
Introduction of SINAP
 Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics (SINAP)
 National institute affiliated Chinese Academy of Science
 About 1200 staff and 350 graduated students
 Two campus: SINAP (old) and SSRF (new)
Research Center
based on Nuclear
Energy & Nuclear
Technology
Advanced Photon
Science Center
based on SSRF
2014/3/6
1. About SINAP
Introduction of SINAP
Jiading
Zhangjiang
1. About SINAP
Accelerators in SINAP
Type
Beam energy
Status
SSRF
User facility
3.5GeV
In operation
THz
User facility
20~30MeV
In operation
SPTF
User facility
70~250MeV
Under construction
SDUV-FEL
Test facility
130~183MeV
In operation
SXFEL
Test/User facility
0.84~1.3GeV
Under construction
HXFEL
User facility
6GeV
Proposal
2. Free electron lasers
Worldwide hard X-ray FEL facilities (SASE)
LCLS@SLAC
First lasing 2009
European XFEL Facility
SACLA@Spring-8
First lasing 2011
PAL X-ray FEL Facility
2. Free electron lasers
Seeded FEL facilities
LCLS@SLAC
sFLASH@DESY
FERMI@elettra
SCSS@spring-8
HHG direct-seeding
HGHG
Cascaded HGHG
HHG direct-seeding
Self-seeding
SPARC@LNF
NLCTA@SLAC
SDUV@sinap
DELTA@TU
HHG seeding
EEHG
HGHG
EEHG
Cascaded HGHG
CHG
2. Free electron lasers
Roadmap of Shanghai FELs
nm
Hard X-ray FEL
0.1
R&Ds
Construction Comm.
Soft X-ray FEL
10
Desi. Cons. Comm.
100
Operation
Beamline Operation
SDUV-FEL Test Facility
EEHG
2010
2011
HGHG
2012
Crossed Undulator
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2. Free electron lasers
Why FEL R&D?
Seeded FELs with Full Coherence are the next Frontier
Narrower bandwidth, stable pulse form
FEL efficiency is greatly enhanced with a tapered undulator
Smaller, cheaper
Harmonic lasing scheme
Advanced cathodes and guns
Emittance exchange/conditioning
C/X band structure, LPA based TTFEL, Seeding……
Ultrafast techniques and instrumentations to fully utilize XFELs
Average brightness enhancement
Special source and polarization are highly designable
……
2. Free electron lasers
HGHG & cascaded HGHG
Phys. Rev. ST-AB
16, 020704 (2013)
SDUV-FEL
Crossed-undulator
demonstration
Phys. Rev. ST-AB
17, 020704 (2014)
First lasing of
EEHG-FEL
Nature Photonics
6, 360 (2012)
DCLS、SXFEL、XFEL
FEL Physics & Novel ideas
Phys. Rev. Lett.
111, 084801 (2013)
3. About SDUV-FEL
SDUV-FEL Program
Shanghai Deep-UltraViolet Free-Electron Laser (SDUV-FEL)
started as an 262 nm SASE / 88 nm HGHG FEL test setup
around 2000.
Funding partially supported by
 Chinese Academy of Sciences / CAS
 Ministry of Science and Technology of China / MOST
 National Natural Science Foundation of China / NSFC
Collaborating between USTC, IHEP, THUB and SINAP
Be a test bed for the key technologies for XFELs
SDUV-FEL Experiment Hall
3. About SDUV-FEL
SDUV-FEL
3. About SDUV-FEL
LINAC commissioning of SDUV-FEL
100~150MeV
4~5mm.mrad
200pC……
3. About SDUV-FEL
Beam and laser overlap at SDUV-FEL
• Laser pulse: 8ps (FWHM)
• Electron beam: ~10ps
• Timing jitter is NOT an issue
• Injection with small angle is OK.
3. About SDUV-FEL
History of SDUV-FEL experiments
2009.04-08:
2009.09-12:
2010.01-03:
2010.05.17:
2010.05.22:
2010.12:
2011.04:
2011.07-08:
2011.12:
2012.04:
2013.05-06:
2013.08:
2013.11:
Linac commissioning after energy upgrade
SASE lasing
Seeded FEL Installations
HGHG signal
Echo signal (`double-peak’)
HGHG saturation
EEHG-FEL lasing
Cascaded HGHG experiments begin
HGHG tunability
Cascaded HGHG signal
Installation for high harmonics EEHG and polarization control
EEHG@10th harmonic
Crossed–planar undulator polarization control
3. About SDUV-FEL
4. Past results of SDUV-FEL
First stage of SDUV
HGHG
EEHG
Crossed-undulator
4. Past results of SDUV-FEL
HGHG experiments
@SDUV-FEL
4. Past results of SDUV-FEL
HGHG saturation@3rd harmonic of the seed (2010.12)
HGHG radiation at 347nm
Experimental
Gain curve
S2E simulation
4. Past results of SDUV-FEL
Tunable HGHG (2012.01)
Variable undulator gap
Longitudinal coherence measurement
B. Liu, W. B. Li, Z. T. Zhao*, et al. Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 16, 020704 (2013).
4. Past results of SDUV-FEL
First demonstration of cascaded HGHG (2012.04)
B. Liu, W. B. Li, Z. T. Zhao*, et al. Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 16, 020704 (2013).
4. Past results of SDUV-FEL
EEHG experiments
@SDUV-FEL
4. Past results of SDUV-FEL
Echo-Enabled Harmonic Generation
G. Stupakov, Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 074801 (2009).
4. Past results of SDUV-FEL
First EEHG lasing (2011.04)
FEL profile
Spectrum
Experiments
Simulation
Gain curves
Z. T. Zhao et al, Nature Photonics 6, 360 (2012).
4. Past results of SDUV-FEL
Upgrade SDUV-FEL for Echo-10
Beam: 165-175MeV, ~200 pC, 3~8ps
Seed laser 1: 523 nm, 8.7 ps (FWHM), 60 J
Seed laser 2: 2500 nm, ~100 fs (FWHM), 40 J
Radiator: 40mm*80 periods, with variable gap.
Output wavelength: 800 nm-200nm.
The echo signal occurs at the wave number:
kEEHG=nk1+mk2
n and m are integers.
4. Past results of SDUV-FEL
ADC40 (new radiator)
40mm*80 periods, with variable gap
4. Past results of SDUV-FEL
Ti: Sapphire laser system
for the 2nd seed laser of EEHG
Coherent, Legend
Wavelength:750~860nm
Repetition: 1kHz
Power: 3.5W
Pulse Width: 35fs,130fs,1ps
OPA: 1160nm~2600nm,
70mW~80mW
4. Past results of SDUV-FEL
Echo-10@SDUV-FEL (2013.08)
HGHG
10th
EEHG
10th (EEHG)
Z.T. Zhao, FEL2013
The central wavelength of HGHG and EEHG will be different because wavelengths
of two seed lasers are different:
1
s1  523nm, s 2  2500nm, a  15 
K
 10.2
4. Past results of SDUV-FEL
Polarization control via
crossed-planar undulators
@SDUV-FEL
4. Past results of SDUV-FEL
Crossed-planar undulators
Y. Ding, Z. Huang, K. J. Kim, Y. H. Li, B. Faatz, W. Decking, H. Geng et al
T. Zhang, H. X. Deng et al
4. Past results of SDUV-FEL
Polarization Switching at SDUV-FEL
T. Zhang, H. X. Deng* et al. Nucl. Instr. Meth. A 680 (2012) 112-116
4. Past results of SDUV-FEL
Crossed undulator line at SDUV-FEL
2013.10.20
分振幅single-shot偏振测量仪
4. Past results of SDUV-FEL
Polarization Switching Demonstration
H. X. Deng, T. Zhang, L. Feng et al., Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 17, 020704 (2014).
5. Plan of SDUV-FEL
Future plans：2014-2015
Chirped Pulse Amplifier (CPA) of FEL
Corrugated structure enhancement for FEL
PEHG-15
EEHG-20
Longitudinal Space Charge Amplifier (LSCA)
Double-bunch cascaded HGHG
FEL with Orbital Angular Momentum
etc.
5. Plan of SDUV-FEL
Chirped Pulse
Amplification in HGHG
5. Plan of SDUV-FEL
CPA technique
Schematic diagram of a CPA laser
FROG images
There are technical challenges to extend the wavelength to below 200
nm in standard CPA lasers, because of the strong absorption of the
materials used in conventional laser amplifiers.
5. Plan of SDUV-FEL
CPA in seeded FELs
CPA-HGHG (proposed by L.H. Yu, 1994)
resonance condition
 ( s) 
nr
1  K 2 / 2,

2s ( s)
FEL pulse length


  FEL  s ,
2cbw
2cbw n
 CPA seed laser
 chirped electron beam
 FEL pulse compression
 Proof-of -principle experiment
didn’t finish at BNL
 SDUV is a suitable platform for
this experiment
5. Plan of SDUV-FEL
Major Parameters for CPA-HGHG experiment
Parameters
Measurement
Beam energy
160MeV
Beam energy spread
(projected)
0.1~0.2%
Normalized emittance
4~5mm-mrad
Bunch charge
100~200pC
Energy spread measurement
Seed laser wavelength
1600 nm (Ti:Sa)
Seed laser pulse length
(FWHM)
83fs (Ti:Sa)
Modulator (PMU50 with
variable gap)
10*5cm
R56 of dispersion section
1~10mm (4.2A)
Radiator (ADC40)
2*40*40 cm
Normalized emittance measurement
5. Plan of SDUV-FEL
S2E simulations for CPA-HGHG
1600nm
800nm
Before stretch
After stretch
Electron beam
After HGHG
After compression
5. Plan of SDUV-FEL
Corrugated structure
enhancement for FEL
5. Plan of SDUV-FEL
Corrugated structure enhancement for FEL
 Wakefield of Corrugated pipes
 Potential applications
 Dechirper for FEL LINAC
 Linearizer for FEL LINAC
 Stabilizer for FEL LINAC
 THz emitter
It demonstrates the feasibility to
employ a dechirper for precise
control of the beam phase space
in next generation FELs.
------ Paul Emma
K. L. F. Bane and G. Stupakov, SLAC-PUB-14925, 2012
S. Antipov, C. Jing, M. Fedurin et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 144801 (2012)
43
P. Emma, M. Venturini, K. L. F. Bane, et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 112, 034801 (2014)
5. Plan of SDUV-FEL
SDUV-FEL proposal
PMU50
Seed-2
Dechirper
UNPRF0
B3
UDR1
UNPRF1
Slit-2
CPMU50
UNPRF3
B3
PS
B15~B18
 So far, only dechirper experiment was carried out at BNL and
PAL, & they are just beam experiments.
 In SDUV proposal, we will fight for the first beam linearizer
and the first beam dechirper, in a real FEL facility.
 SDUV-method: observing the spectrum of a seeded FEL.
5. Plan of SDUV-FEL
Corrugated plane as beam linearizer
seed
laser
Linearizer
Modulator
uncompressed
beam
Before modulator
D
1047nm, 8ps
Radiator
523.5nm, 8ps
After modulator
After linearizer
5. Plan of SDUV-FEL
FEL spectrum with corrugated linearizer
Seed laser: 1MW
simulation
Seed laser: 10MW
simulation
5. Plan of SDUV-FEL
Corrugated structure vacuum chamber
e-beam
e-beam
e-beam
5. Plan of SDUV-FEL
Phase-merging Enhanced
Harmonic Generation
(PEHG) FEL
5. Plan of SDUV-FEL
Phase-merging Enhanced Harmonic Generation
Coherence
HGHG
PEHG
H. X. Deng*, and C. Feng, Phys. Rev. Lett. 111 (2013) 084801.
C. Feng, H. X. Deng* et al., New Journal of Physics, (2014) revised.
5. Plan of SDUV-FEL
PEHG-15 proposal at SDUV-FEL
Parameter
beam energy
Slice energy spread
Slice emittance
Peak current
Seed pulse length
Dispersion
Value
200MeV
20keV
2 mm-mrad
100A
100 fs (FWHM)
2m
Transverse gradient
24 m-1
Radiation wavelength
167 nm
5. Plan of SDUV-FEL
Experiment proposal at SDUV-FEL
(PEHG-15)
Chamfer 45°
Waiting magnetic field measurement
TGU & field dependence
Free Electron Lasers in China
DCLS
IR FEL
THz FEL
IR FEL
SDUV-FEL
SXFEL
6. Future FELs at SINAP
Dalian Coherent Light Source (DCLS)
6. Future FELs at SINAP
Dalian Coherent Light Source (DCLS)
Funded by NSFC, December, 2011
Carried out jointly by Dalian Inst. of Chemical Physics(DICP)
(beam-line, experimental stations) and Shanghai Inst. of
Applied Physics(SINAP) (Free Electron Laser )
Seeded FEL(HGHG), 50-150nm tunable, 50Hz rep rate.
Full coherence, fs-ps pulse lengths, 100MW peak power
Scheduled for 2012-2015, in parallel to SXFEL.
6. Future FELs at SINAP
Shanghai soft x-ray FEL (SXFEL)
Ground break this summer
6. Future FELs at SINAP
SXFEL Performance
Parameters
HGHG
Upgrade
Unit
9
1.5-4
nm
Bunch charge
0.5~1
0.5~1
nC
Energy
0.84
1.3~2
GeV
0.1~0.15%
0.15%
Energy spread (sliced)
0.02%
0.03%
Normalized emittance
2.0~2.5
2.0~2.5
mm.mrad
Pulse length (FWHM)
1.
0.03 -1
ps
Peak current
~0.5
0.5
kA
Rep. rate
1~10
50
Hz
Output Wavelength
Energy spread
6. Future FELs at SINAP
R&Ds for X-ray FEL
Conclusions
SDUV-FEL is one of the most competitive test facilities for
FEL principles and technologies
 4 years’ machine operation
 Several advanced FEL experiments have been accomplished, including
EEHG-FEL lasing, continuous HGHG wavelength tuning, and crossedplanar undulator, etc.
 new experiments (CPA-HGHG, PEHG) are coming soon.
So far, All three high-gain FELs in China, i.e., SDUV-FEL,
DCLS and SXFEL, was and are being built by SINAP.
Principally and technically, SINAP is ready for China’s first
hard X-ray FEL user facility.
Hard x-ray FEL strategy




Accelerator tunnel: from 300m to 550m
Beam energy: from 1GeV to 6.4GeV
Long undulator
Beam line and FEL user stations
Thanks for your attentions

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