HISTOLOGY
OF
AND
CYTOCHEMISTRY
PHOSIHORYLASE
RICHARD
Arnold
Biological
Although
it
is
very
4,
A. ELLIS
few,
except
have
attempt
Japanese
this
of
the
tlsis
appems(lages
technique
outer
root
arrectores
sheath
pilorum,
of
of
fornss
ansylose
side
tise
molecule
of glycogen.
for
short
stmuin
By
of
the
presence
glucosidase
tissues
present
in
or in tissues
that
Ims tlsis
relative
conseentratiomss
of
skin
paper,
mire
glycogems
used
normally
biopsy
ins
these
unsatisfactory.
*
This
2l25(C7),
the
with
foumnd
AND
specimens
stuidies;
end
evidence
of
amyloshould
1 , 6be
States
the
as
ml.
aultopsy
types
of
Public
Health
were
excised.
frozens
They
can
iO
ml.
MIS
acetate
controls
were
ulsed.
In
one,
the
solution
(5 ml.
water)
native
glycogen
which
the
amybose
never
solution,
the
stains
type
observed
Lugol’s
for
red.
(staining
in
U.S.P.,
demonstriution
blue
either
of
Polysaccharides
of
with
the
iodine)
control
sec-
imsctihating
120 minutes, and put into a large volume
of dilute
Lugol’s
iodine
solution
and
gently
agitated
for 2 to 3
minutes
at room
temperature.
The sections
were
then
were
after
2,
floated
removed
5, 10,
onto
from
20,
clean
40,
thie
60,
slides
the
in
The
colors
fade
for
weeks
intense
after
several
when
the
90,
and
glycerine
jelly,
containing
a few
trated
Lugol’s
solution.
The sites
activity
appear
blue-black;
those
plums
amylo-1,6-glucosidase
are
(10).
mounted
with
drops of concenof phospisorybase
of phosphorylase
reddisis
brown.
days;
slides
and
are
they
remain
stored
in
the
refrigerator.
OBSEniVATIONS
skin
were
sole,
palm,
Two kinds of reaction
products
are synsthiesized
in the cells when
sections
of skin mire inscuihated
with
gluncose-i-phosphate.
One
group
of these
RG-
consists
specimens
supported
of age,
were
water,
distilled
Sections
distribution
normal
of human
67 years
they
distilled
METHODS
was
investigation
and
enzymes
there
of
Specimens
United
these
tneatus,
axilla,
mutsd otiser
of the body
of nude
mind
10 to
as soon
95 ml.
media
boealization
of
compsured
MATERIALS
Only
and
emszymes
Island
tions.
tlsat
normally
store
glycogen
normally
utilize
glycogen
or
tissues
arnylose.
humami
their
15
were
demonstrable
is indirect
of plsosphiorylase
activity.
Tlsese
subjects
ice
of
tissues
can be
iodine.
histoebsensically
minimal
in
since
auditory
regions
in dry
Lungol’s
polysaccharide
withs
Rhode
19, 1957
female
Two
syn-
incubating
fresh
tisese
enzymes
12,
sections
were placed
into the incubating
solution
without
the substrate
, glucose1 -phosphate
, mind
in the other,
they were placed
directly
insto dilumte
branch-
enzymes
branchsed,
differently
presence
Tlse
glycogen
the
polymers
to form
*
buffer
at pH 4.8, i5 units
of insulin,
and 5 mg. of
glycogen
maintained
at 37#{176}C.
The newer
met hod
containing
20% alcohol
by volume
(12) offered
no
improvement
in the localization
of the enszymes.
,6-glucosidase
these
simubtamseoumsbv
products
to
ehaimi
msecessary
of time,
ilensonstrated
the
catnu1 -phsos-
linked
Amylo-1
large,
periods
and
l)ecember
acid,
thus
Together,
thesize
follicles
straight
type.
chains.
in
common
of the
Abomse , phosphorylase
limskages
between
glucose
1 , 6 linkages
tlse
ing
rich
skin
of
exception
are
producing
the
example,
amylo1 , 6-glueosidase
reaction
glucoseand
the
cutaneous
generally
the
the
SITES
be stored
frozen
from
a few hours
to two dmuvs
without
diminishing
enzyme
activity.
Skins from
the backs
and soles of cats,
guiinea
pigs, rabbits,
rats, and mice were used for comparison.
Fresh
frozen
sections,
15 to 70 jz in thiickmsess,
were removed
from
the blade
of the microtome
and placed
directly
into the incumbating
medium
of Takeuchi
and Kuriaki
(15);
this
consists
of 50
mg. glucose-i-phosphate,
10 mg.
muscle
adenybic
of
in
For
of active
hsair
have
nomse.
glycogenesis.
only
1 ,4
molecules,
aware
other
are
its
with
gbycogen,
;:
process
cai
form
be
who
occur
16).
nsost
skims
Pisosphorylase
and
lyze
the
reversible
phsate
(2,
human
those
animals,
laboratory
must
and
(16,
Those
that
enzyme
in
)hospliorylase,
enzyme.
differences
epidermis
(15),
XV.
ACTIVITY
Providence
scalp,
external
representative
localize
investigators
this
species
presemsee
whiile
the
use
great
to
SKIN.
MONTAGNA
University,
for publication
easy
HUMAN
6-GLEJCOSIDASE
,
WILLIAM
AND
Brown
histochemically
studied
to
the
relrutively
activity
14),
AMYLO-1
Laboratory,
Received
phosphorylase
OF
AND
were
by
of
Service.
the
of
amylose
short,
straight
type
201
Downloaded from jhc.sagepub.com by guest on February 4, 2015
and
chain
stnuins
pobysaccharides
a
h)lue-green
or
202
RICHARD
bluse-black
color
the
branched
barge,
glycogen,
(13).
formed
stains
The
from
iodine;
blune-staining
by
or
combinsed
action
AND
consists
of
stratum
of
enzymatic
which
the
is
by
and
the
Tmucheuchi
(1 ) have
sumcceeded
glumcosidmuse
inhibited
not
is
nione
the
The
enzyme
is
for
incubating
is
nsuch
more
in
and
control
some
tion
of these
mige, we
The
enzymes
is different
Normal
stratuns
spinosuim
stratumnss
cormseumns
epidermis
phosphsorylase,
both
emszynses,
seems
ins the
paIns
ans(l
with
isas
the
append-
epidermis
stratum
the
strmutum
both
of
be
basabe
stratums
only
the
An
the
the
stratum
sole
and
in
both
stratuns
glycogen
forms
in
as
hosphorylase
hasale.
Skin
housr
the
the
spinosum.
In
the
then,
before
be
demonstrate
in the
require
stratum
up
to
periods
useful
a little
an
strong
enzymatic
longer
particumlarly
only
after
and
any
visualized;
not
to-
children,
spinosum
incubation
are
of
minutes,
is present
aged
may
can
phosphorypresent
skin
activity
from
the
of
sole
in
the
mis 2
reac-
and
accumulated
stratum
short
the
are
In
of
spinosuim,
mask
palm
palm,
layers.
of
formatioms
they
is
tund
incunbation
incubating
and
the
minumtes,
spinosumm,
amylo-1,6-glucosidase
activity;
more
of
because
phosphorylase
In
contain
is
activity
(Fig.
eccrine
of
Eccrine
dermis,
(1)
(2)
a
coiled
glands
secretory
and
a
coil
straight
the
nial,
spiral
“sweat
duct
unit.”
The coiled
secrecoil contains
more
phosphorybase
than
ansy
structure
in the skin.
The coiled
and the
tory
other
strmuight
some
rich
in
enzyme,
but
parts
activity
in
can
be
The
In
the
within
in
the
mihove
part
of
it
dumct
are
dumct
spiral
spinous
the
secretory
(3) amm intraepider-
also
the epidermis,
straight
of the
the
tise
towards
the
connect
and
sweat
a
of the duct that
with
the epidermis,
are
present
glands:
segments:
part
ment
thick
i).
sweat
three
the
enzymatic
enzymes
may
spinosum
The
consist
(leel) in the
subject.
while
the
are
gether
has
detected.
granubosum
of
and
some
10
in
glycogen
basale
to
that
After
give
After
results
in
spino-
sections
stratumm
intenssely
no
stratum
pobysaccharide.
basale.
longer
minutes,
stratum
they
different
any
scant
enzymes
of
most
epidermis
camsnot
20
5
the
stratumss
glycogen.
incubation
and
in
reactive
the
the
activity.
age
devoid
thins
and
sole
each
phosphorylase
is weakly
or
time
in
different
is
Ins very
absesst
localiza-
aduilt
of
amylo-1
, 6-glucosidnuse,
regions,
and varying
The strat tins basabe
either
the
for
in
so
reaction
activ-
and
some
in
comstains
the
of control
for
compousnds
for
either
type
cobor
or
stain
one
contain
1, 6-glucosidase
conscentrations
activity.
pres-
emich separately.
epidermis:
modermute
the
neither
the
incubation
which
amybo-1,6-glunco-
of activity
described
sec-
tissues,
indicating
amybo-
in
mind
seems
of it in
sections
in
lase
abuindant
appendages
degree
glucose-i-
unimscubated
cutaneouts
the
me-
epidermis
forms
epidermis
sidase.
Since
which
tion
with
incubation,
phosphorylase
or
spinosuns
occasionally
traces
iodine
amylose
lost
of
and
ity.
and
nsinumtes
periods
etsce of 1)0th phosphorylase
Most
is
40
houmr
of incubation
synthesized
before
five
and
,6-
is apparently
authors.
it is in the
than
mint!
amybo-1
contmiminsated.
gbycogen
tions
ing
and
to
these
periods
phosphate,
tissues
(10),
ansybose
Braun-Fabco
enzyme
two
iodinse
be
short
This
by
i)y
nsust
After
nor
(letisOnstrat
the
utsed
(13),
phosphsorylase
dunrinsg
inscumh)ation
had
in
thsmus
destrove(i
dium
ml.
its tissimes.
labile
also
et
is
only
imscumbating
ansylo-1,6-
stratumn
adult
or
glycogen
Neither
misore
Normal,
a positive
glumcosidase.
and
activity
lucidum.
suns
produced
of phosphorylase
basale
glycogen
phosphor-
misahogany-staimsing
is
MONTAGNA
stratum
polysaccharide
glycogemi,
WILLIAM
molecumles
or mahogany
molecumles
1 ,4 bimskages;
pOlysiicchari(Ie,
ELLIS
other
a red-brown
gluicose
joimss
the
polysaccharide
which
color
ylmise
with
A.
is completely
is
unreactive
in
the
phosphorybase
gradumally
epidermal
bayer
rich
seg-
sweat
reactive,
(Fig.
decreases.
duct
humt
1).
unit
that
There
Figures
1 to 8 mire mull freshi
frozen
sections
of hummamm skin
incumbated
at 37#{176}C.in the substrate
nsixture
of Takeunchi
ati(1 Kurimiki
(15) for the demonstration
of phosphorylase
and amylo-1
,6-glucosidase
activit)-. The
reactions
l)rotlulcts
were
visualized
by staining
with
dilumte
Lugob’s
iodine
solution.
Ftc.
1 . A 40 z sections
of l)abmfl from
a 48 year
old man.
The gyres
of the eccrine
sweat
dumct are negative
for I)isosphorlase
ins the
straum
corneum,
bumt intensely
reactive
in the stratum
spinosumm
mind in the
dernsis
i)elow.
Amvlo-1
,6-glucosidase
amid phosphoryliuse
ture both
present
ims the stratum
spinosumm
of
the epidermis.
20 miniumte
itscubmition,
X 90.
Fnc.
2. Pisosphorvlase
activity
in an eccrine
sweat
dumct of the abdominal
skin
of a 53 yemur old womami.
The remuction ins the duct is instemsse at the dermab
level,
diminishing,
as it approaches
the surfmuce,
to the
same
intemmsitv mis the epidernsis. 40 section incunbated
10 minutes,
X 200.
FIG. 3. A thick section throumgh
a growimig
hair
fobicle
in the
external
auditory
meatuis
of a 37 yemir
01(1 man.
Both
ansylo-1
,6-glumcosidase
and phosphorylase
are present
in the
epidermis.
The
duct
of mimi
apocrimse cerumnimioums gland is intensely
reactive where
it opens into the pibosebaceous
canal; the activity
vanishes
proximal
to its secretory
segment.
Intense
enzymatic
activity
is also present
iii the
outer
root
sheath
surrounding
the hmuir shaft.
20 minumtes
incubations,
X 90.
Fmc. 4. Secret
orv
coils
of apocrine
and
eccrine
a mmmi 52 years
old.
The
eccrinse
tumi)tlles
(top)
(bottom)
are nsegative.
40
section
incumbated
sweat
are very
40 minumtes,
glands
lying side-by-side
rich in phosphorylase
X
180.
Downloaded from jhc.sagepub.com by guest on February 4, 2015
in the axiblary
while the apocrine
orgams of
tumbumles
HISTOLOGY
-
..
.- -.
-‘-...
AND
CYTOCHEMISTRY
-
OF
HUMAN
SKIN.
IV
203
-
.
a
1
-
p
1
_
..
Fmt;s. 1-4
Downloaded from jhc.sagepub.com by guest on February 4, 2015
204
is
RICHARD
no
evidence
in eccrine
for
during
If
incumi)ation,
Amybose
iodine
glycogenm
it
amybose
2
a
gen
in
free
thsese
show
it
Thse
.
cells
is
reactions
time
h)einsg
rich
tion
gradumabby
decreasing
(Fig.
activity
sweat.
dumct
stratums
tion
2).
in
to
In
the
dunct
eccrine
examine(1
(Fig.
glands
all
level
in
phosphorepidermal
bevel
superficial
unreactive
for
The
apocrine
glands
sweat
of
the
noums
glands
in
deep
in
dermis;
in the
the
the
pilary
the
animals
The
secretory
and
auditory
a short,
below
or
sebaceous
above
the
glands
or
secretory
4);
portion
the
activity
amstl
mit its
tise
activity
proaches
thse (Inlet
the
is as
eccritse
tion
peripheral
entrance
of
to
swemut
of
the
of
or
amybo-i
duct
begins
jumnction
show
the
the
follicle
in
(Fig.
colors
3).
an
The
instense
terminal
an
intense
The
ouster
quiescent
and
hair
active
aroumnd
the
blue or blume-green color
in
both
phosphorylase
stains
is
bower
zone, which
contains
the
The
of
in the cells of the
In contrast
with
have
found
matrix
cuticle
Braun-Falco’s
no
color
intense
keratogenoums
sheath
that
particumlarly
we
por-
blue after an
of
and
a reddish
very little
phosphorybase
activity;
enzyme
in the cells of the upper
part
of
of the
half
particuslarly
native
ap-
region
of the
of the ouiter
the
shows
some
it
umpper
phosphorylase,
sheath
reaction
glycogens.
iodine
In
only
and
this
the
and
most
tubumle
that
to
phosphorylase
sheath
contains
in
incubated
enzyme
as
terminal
as
The
active
root
gener-
glycogen
aroumnd the
is the part
neither
some
intensity
Both
contains
iodine;
sections
negative
10
enzyme
native
abundant
most
least
appreciable
of
always
outer
the
at
control
amylo-i,6-glucosidase,
the
contain
are
follicle
mictivity
activity
has
secretory
canal.
The
ins phosphorylase
glands
dumct
glands
to
with
increases
pilary
rich
the
, 6-glucosidase
show
The
canal.
incubated
activity.
stains
iodine.
which
and
6).
pilary
cells.
have
the
the
the
gland
and
enzymatic
of
be
by
in
the
5
sebaceous
follicle:
the
of
(Figs.
amounnts
hair
with
decreases
center
phos-
peripheral
demonstrated
unincumbated
follicles
of
of
strong
the
already
wall
to
small
to
in
strong
the
order
sections
which
with
Tue
(Fig.
the
half
portion
activity
cells,
The
contain
follicles,
of
surface.
phsosphorylase
has
in
amybo-1,6-glucosidase
opens
directly
sebum
must
ally
hair
lies
duct
the
the
that
in
test.
The
cerummi-
meatus
straight
toward
peripheral
control
coil
the
The
dusct
to
activity.
por-
he
Neither
ansy
Moderate
localized
as
(1).
minutes
phosphorybase
organ
external
canal
of the
duct
glands:
axillary
gland,
in
The
can
tubunbes.
iii
,6-
incubation,
pobysacehsaride
glycogen
is
phosphorybase,
activity even thoumgh all of them contain glycogen
normally;
only those
of the
cat
show
a small
amotmnt of phosphorylase
and
amylo-1
, 6-gluncosidase
activity
in the secretory
segment.
the
the
cells
similar
secrecontain
amylo-1
of
secretor)-
glan(ls:
activity
sebaceouss
enzyme.
staining
sebaceous
of
anti
periods
showed
the
glmuisds
gland.
disappears
of t.he
short
the
controls
sweat
phosphorybase
blue
apocrine
mature
of
the
of laboratory
the
mind
Braumn-Fabco
the
sole,
the
the
no
same
of
red
cells
reac-
present
of
at
1),
containing
sweat
are
or
part
the
concen-
20 to 40 mm-
sumrroundling
apocrine
After
sumrroumnding
The
apical
cells
the
amounts
phorybase
the
the
of
seen
and
are unreacbecomes
less
the
abruptly
granuilosumm
light
in
is
palm
spiral
stops
the
surface,
thmut
the
umnit
of thse
The
time
muctivity
ylase
phosphorylase,
thse nuclei
the
duct
a)promiches
phosphorybase
epidermis
1)0th
A maximal
is mittaine(l after
myoepithelial
some
the
5 minutes.
incubation.
coils
of
completely
its
strong
only
glyco-
sections
mire
only
glumcosidase.
di-
of
of
particumbarly
it
as
of amylose
small
and
stained
ansoumnt
i)umt control
cytoplasm
portiomss
of the
cells;
tive.
Ins thin
epidernsis
reactive
of
tration
tory
with
incubating
sections
sumbstrate
equmably
MONTAGNA
incubation
umtes
the
segment
(bumct after
mmsmall
strumctuires,
without
of
(lark
by
blue-black
secretory
of tue
Constrol
ioditse
itscubmite(I
mmusked
deep
ins the
portiomss
with
there
WILLIAM
The
stains
minsutes.
rectly
activity
is synthesized
is completely
is symsthsesized
only
AND
reaction.
that
in time deeper
ELLIS
amnybo-1,6-glucosidase
glands.
intense
A.
the
bulb
there
bulb
is
and
of the hair.
(1) observation,
phosphorylase
in
Humxbey’s
layer or in any part of the inner root sheath.
Fno. 5. A 40
sei)miceolis
cells
mmns(1 the sei)umm
for pisosphorylase.
sectioms
through
a sebaceoums
gland
in the scalp
of a 57 yemsr old woman.
The peripheral
constain
some
phosphorylase
and
amylo-1,6-glucosidase.
bumt the centers
of the
lobumles
mire umnreactive.
The
arrector
pili mumscle
below
the sebaceotms
gland
is stromsgly
reactive
40 minsumtes
incumi)mution,
X90.
FIG.
6. Phosphorylase
and amylo-i
,6-glumcosidase
activity
in a small
sebaceous
g’and
in the skin
of the
externmii
aumditory
meat
us of a 37 year
old mats.
The
peripheral
cells
are remuctive
for both
enzymes,
while
time center
of the glansd hsmis mulmost
mso activity.
30
section
incubated
20 minumtes, X 250.
Fnu.
7. A sections
through
two hair
follicles
in the resting
stage.
The
hair
germ
(arrow)
mmd the oumter
root
sisemuth
of tise hair
bulb
(above)
are rich in phosphorylase,
while
the cells
that
form
the sheath
of the
p
piloseimceous
cotstaits
mmnsylo-l
,6-glucosidase in addition.
20 mimsumtes
incumbation,
lower portions of mu resting hair follicle at a higher
magniifications.
The
catsmil
Fto. 8. The
bumlb
above
it
imonse
of
enszyme.
the
constain
ahunmdant
30p
sections,
phosphorylase,
X 320.
hut
the
dermal
papilla
Downloaded from jhc.sagepub.com by guest on February 4, 2015
(arrow)
hair
of
the
X 00.
germ
hair
and
the
(Iontaimms
HISTOLOGY
AND
CYTOCHEMISTRY
OF
HUMAN
SKIN.
205
IV
..J
p
.‘
0
11
‘0
PLATE
Imcs.
2
5-S
Downloaded from jhc.sagepub.com by guest on February 4, 2015
200
HICHAIII)
In
the
restinsg
hair
club
follicles
hair,
contains
amid
tue
the
(Figs.
reactive
The
hut
the
fmurthser
the
where
it
canmul,
phosphorylase
amsd
sonsw
level
al)Sence
in
of
slowing
1)0th
constains
amybo-i
less
the
the
murrcctores
piloruins
hair
smill
,6-glucosidase
phosphorylmise
activit\
black
color
with
in
skins
of the
tue
examisimsed.
iodine
tisese
in
tue
to
immcubate
level
mumscles
sweat
10 to
test
after
for
20
the
he
considerably
mnitsutes
to
are
also
cells
rich
in
reactions
identifying
the
of hsummmn
technique
have
activity
that
Our
a positive
activity
the
of
be
as
ins fresh
This
a means
frozen
tlse
of
of
thsams
skin.
Abundant
them
after
tures
the
in
greater
the
DISCUSSION
glycogen,
small
tlse
of
cells
\Vlsems
tbie
nsav
et
basabe
two
tlse
in
bmuyer
lisns
different
withs
in the
both
comstains
mammals
epidermis
spinsosuns.
glycogens,
epi(lernsis
of
upomi
depend
way
formssation
tlsese
of
the
this
imscubated
amsinsals
these
enzyme
Since
have
is distinctly
us the
cornified
layer.
epidermis
not,
Thsere
man
other
human
is a direct
ninsount anti distribution
epidernssis
antI
the
height
succinic
dehydrogemsuuse
chensical
features
tissue.
The
richly
vascularized
gland
(3).
In
These
striking
apocrine
These
two
bution
Tlse
extent
chsildren
active
amxl
the
virtual
thse
amsd
already
tluet
Isas
is
tiot
thse
not
glands
a
in
hsisto-
an
active
is
secretory
the
rich
othser
of
eccrimse
tlse
contrast
also
part
as
of
properties
the
of
withs the eccrine
glands
glands,
in
of glycogen.
localization
certain
comscentra-
of
the
comstain
a
therefore,
spite
of the
follicles
of
their
the
enzyme
Downloaded from jhc.sagepub.com by guest on February 4, 2015
these
state
are
profoundly
superficial
struc-
distribution
activity
occasionally
only
in
the (listri-
enzymes
of
sweat
no phosphorylase.
tural
similarity
whsich
they
may
exhibit.
The
presemsce
of phosphorylase
the duct
of apocrimse
glands
parallels
mins(lmunsvlo-1 ,6-glucosidase
highs
the
abumndant
length
dIuct is also
(8)
are
organs
reflects
very
and
entire
strengtheuss
as
hyperreturns
structure.
glands,
different
of
sweat
mictivity
glycogen
that
The
se-
glycogen.
thtrimsg
onsce
tlse
part
prob-
w-ith
characteristic
duct
quiescent
of
5). Tise
(7,
the
enzymes
(ieplete(i
thesis
entity
for
activity.
ams important
bound
are
passive
follicles
The
of
are
of
of all the
does
(liffereist.
tlse
enzynses
epitiermis
that
that
densonstrated
two
the
studied
also
nsetabo-
systems
tise
and
enzvnses
we
tioms of phosphorybase
in the
of
Only
whems
laboratory
frons
technique.
relationship between
of
and
be
glamsds
the
in
periods
storage
Findimsg
these
is far
of
demonstrated
these
restored
well-docunsented
study
basale
not
ins msearby
of
be
(6),
they
quickly
cells
enzymatic
are
tise
Braun-
structures
longer
nsust
(11).
normal
duct
Our
stratumis
and
the
stratuns
the
since
activity
phospisorylase
stratuns
in
stores
cretion
to
basal
require
secretion
function
,
gland
substantial
sugars
ecerine
Braun-Falco
spinsosuns.
for
reducimsg
thse
gbyeogen
amid ansybo- 1, 6-ghmcosidase,
in sonse
this
ably
Takeuehi
mind differentiates, carbohydrate
must
in
-plsosphsate.
the
grows
of
glycogen
hasale.
in
of
(10).
imsjured
essenstial
stores
glucose-i
Sitsce
seen
often
spinosuni
ims the
tlse
readily
with
are
while
stratummss
enzynsses
glvcogen,
it
epidernsis,
phosplsorylmuse
tlse
free
mimvbo-phosphorybase
pisosphsorylase
1)0th
isormssalbv
strmitum
phosplsorvlmu.se
audI
is
beems
bias
us tue
Isummums
found
sisows
stratuns
even
found
of
(1)
of
upper
el)i(iermis
ml. (13)
layer
ansoumsts
tise
mup)emur
Since
epidernsis
of
amylose),
6-glucositiase.
only
substrate,
of
thsis
two and one-Isalf
while
the other
struc-
for
skin
of
pobysacelsaride
other
can
incubation
in the
of
the
sweat
amylose
frozen
comsfirms
that
the
be
can
fresis
demonstration
inscubation
in
is
is
amylose
conditions
the
abundant
mimylo-1
eccrine
that
in
the
observation
the
amylose
glands
for
these
whsicls
of
iso
Perhaps
shows
imscubation
color
optimal
demonstration
tlit’
(luring
sweat
sweat
and
glycogen
because
the
ageing.
Umsder
any
of timed
)
(1
(10)
activity.
imstemsse
skin.
series
minutes
sectionss
(:3).
Aithiougis
glycogets
is odd
are
synthesis
the
(1).
unsed
ecerine
tubules
in
Falco’s
occurs
walls
humsian
phosphorlmuse
(producinsg
and
less advantageous
to
necessary
is
phosphorylase
cans
arterioles
skin
.seetioiss
obtain
ins
This
we
it
maximal
by
reaction.
reactive
below
simsce
nsaskedl
also
in
sonse
the
indicatioms
with
conditions,
its
sonsse
turmiover
plsospisorylase
fornsed
gives
of
cell
experinsental
that
mugeti
rate
demonstrated
a blue-
enszynsatic
glamids,
nsusscle
charmucteristic
are
in
of 60 to 90 nsimsutes.
snsooth
arterioles
they
rich
stain
animals
ansvlose;
ams inculi)mition
The
atsd
of
mumst
eccrine
iodinse
(1);
5)
babormutory
The
in
(Fig.
are
of the
constains
intense
of
abundant
mssumscles
thsat
every
glands
(Fig. 7).
Thse
tlse
Nearly
is
of
MONTAGNA
around
sheath
forms
it
WILLIAM
phosphorybase
root
ai)oVe
unp,
l)ilosel)mmceoums
of
outer
insnsse(liately
dumb,
below
ANI)
it
sac
gems
mmnsoumit
7 mmtl(1 8).
ELLIS
epithelial
hair
mu mo(lerate
A.
activity,
of
its
ansd
glycogen.
is strongest
hair
to
a
In
mi the
HISTOLOGY
outer
root
amsd
siseath.
Ims tlse lower
particularly
al)ove
aroumsd
the
1)0th
bulb,
tise
thse
siseath
part
contains
of
onsbv
sition
fromss
u.n
active
lower
part
of
the
thse
uper
l)mtrt
retaining
geriss
by
the
of
:unsvlo-1
In
systems
thse
tran-
state,
even
and
intact.
The
is largely
root
hair
has
activity,
the
5.
some
h)ut
no
, 6-glucosidase.
6.
bocalizatioms
of
1 , ti-glucosidase
surgical
sole,
axilla,
these
known
epidernsis
is
the
spinsosunni.
vmiry
with
age
while
A
i)umtthe rensmtmnder
glands
glamsd
tory
coils,
bumt
the
ins thosphiorylase.
i)Oths
ims
Neither
thse
comstmiin
either
duet
anti
is
ricbser
in
of the
skin.
but
thse
emszyme
duset
Time
etszynses,
censtrated
the
mseither
of
these
of
the
of
glands
12.
the
secretory
13.
phosphorylase
The
in
is
cells
thse
activity,
apocrine
their
glands
pisosphorylase
censters
ii.
sheaths,
glamscls
sebaceous
periphsermul
10.
anti
duet
enzymatic
secreis
rich
14.
the
gland.
nor
the
sehum
15.
16.
1.
BRAUN-FALCO,
nsenschlichen
0.:
Uher
Haut
zur
(lie
Fahigkeit
Polysaccharidsyn-
der
the
to
(Letter
anti
Cytochem.,
H.:
FANGER,
of
humman
of
human
(In press).
and
bioof amybo-
.
sweat
III.
Structure
Academic
1{educimsg
H.
Inc.
w.
C.,
of
phosphorylase.
New
B. AND
distribumtioms
W.,
MONTAGNA,
mind Function
Press,
CHASE,
W.,
B. : The
of
H.
CHASE,
York,
HAIiIToN,
gbycogen
skin. J. Inv. I)erm.,
B.
AND
and
17: 147LOBITZ,
: Histology
and
cyto-chemistry
of
hunman
skin.
II. The
distribution
of glycogen
in the
epidermis,
hair
follicles,
sehaceoums
glands,
anti
eccrine
sweat
glands.
Ansmit.
Bee., 114: 231-301 , 1952.
SHELLEY,
W. B., AND MESCON,
H.: Histochemicab demonsstrations
of secretory
activity
in
humman
eccrine
sweat
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J. Iusv. 1)erm.,
18: 289-301,
1952.
TAKEUCHI,
T.:
Histochemical
demonstration
JR.
(Letter
to
the
Editor.)
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and Cytochem.,
4: 84, 1956.
TAKEUCHn,
T., HIGA5HI,
K. AND
WATAMUKI,
S.:
Distribution
of amybophosphorylase
variouns
tissumes
of human
and
mamnsalian
organs.
J. Histochem.
amid Cytochens.,
TAKEUCHI,
in
3:
1955.
T., AND
demonstration
in blood and hone
11: 375-379,
1956.
emszvme.
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of
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Growing
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thse
stratum
epidermis
contains
of
sweat
portioms
their
ones
portion
amybo-
is
phsosplsorylase
restimsg
shsort
eccrimse
(lomsor.
itS
which
The
the
the
7.
few
cells
in
and
of
abumidant
in
phsosphorybase
amounts
1, 6-glucosidase
other
but
basale
the
and
present
thicknsess
of
palm,
normally.
relative
thse
the
hsmuve
wlsile
in
the
With
variability,
stratumss
The
with
found
generally
spimsosum,
1)0th
ili
body.
glycogen
SOIS5C
1 , fi-glucosidase
stratum
are
comstain
shsows
the
amylo-
studied
from
meatus,
of
enzymes
to
skin
miuditory
regions
exceptions
been
hunsan
externsmul
and
bias
of
representative
are
pisosphorylase
activity
specimens
Editor.)
Histotopocisemie
kIm.
cxl).
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M. : Phosphorylase
system
Chemistry
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The
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1955.
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Histology
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the
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whiichs
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the
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thse
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1956.
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to
OF
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1955.
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TAKEUCHI,
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