Table 1: Details of locations of earthworms collected in the present study
Sl. No. Location
Chickkamagalur District
1
Mudigere (Mud)
2
Kelaguru Tea Estate (KTE)
Latitude, Longitude, Elevation
3
Kemmanagundi (Km1)
4
Kemmanagundi (Km2)
5
Ballur (B)
6
Ballanduru (Ba)
Chamarajnagar District
7
Hangala (Han)
13°27’03. 35”N, 75°37’05. 41”E, 3137 ft
13°27’03. 35”N, 75°37’05. 41”E, 3137 ft
16°22’9. 52”N, 75°33’19. 65”E, 3572 ft
12°56’1. 33”N, 77°39’43. 93”E, 5482 ft
8
Bandipur (Bn)
Udupi District
9
Bailuru (Ba2)
10
Shirur (Shi)
Shimoga District
11
Shimoga (Sh3)
12
Sorab (So)
13
Anavatti -1(An)
14
Anavatti-2 (A2)
Kodugu District
15
Talakaveri (Tr)
16
Madikeri (Md)
17
Ponnampete (Pn)
18
Irpu Falls (Ip)
Uttara Kannada District
19
Ramanaguli (Ram)
20
Sirsi (Si)
21
Siddapur (Sd)
22
Baragadde (Bar)
23
Gullapur (Gul)
24
Padambail (Pd)
Mysore District
25
Ummatur (Um)
Dharwad District
26
Yettinagudda1 (Ya1)
27
Yettinagudda2 (Ya2)
28
Yettinagudda3 (Ya3)
11°40’02. 45”N, 76°37’56. 62”E, 3282ft
13°07’54. 03”N, 75°38’27. 89”E, 3097 ft
13°11’59. 53”N, 75°42’21. 82”E, 3611 ft
11°48’08. 24”N, 76°41’47. 20”E, 2682 ft
13°16’57. 51”N, 74°55’33. 67”E, 250 ft
13°12’40. 04”N, 74°54’52. 08”E, 293 ft
13°55’31. 81”N, 75°34’03. 70”E, 1919 ft
14°16’00. 00”N, 75°07’00. 00”E, 2119 ft
14°33’36. 58”N, 75°09’17. 20”E, 1913 ft
14°33’36. 58”N, 75°09’17. 20”E, 1913 ft
12°25’41. 95”N, 75°41’39. 34”E, 3717 ft
12°24’39. 66”N, 75°44’12. 17”E, 3460 ft
12°08’26. 35”N, 75°56’09. 25”E, 2720 ft
12°27’10. 36”N, 75°44’48. 57”E, 2568 ft
15°08’16. 29”N, 74°30’39. 75”E, 1669 ft
14°43’04. 07”N, 74°50’56. 08”E, 1764 ft
14°13’47. 91”N, 74°50’55. 11”E, 1647 ft
14°29’13. 71”N, 74°27’36. 21”E, 243 ft
14°46’51. 46”N, 74°29’58. 03”E, 1844 ft
14°37’0. 12”N, 74°51’0. 00”E, 2002 ft
12°3’51. 04”N, 76°54’18. 87”E, 2296 ft
15°29’20. 71”N, 74°59’03. 35”E, 2314ft
15°29’20. 71”N, 74°59’03. 35”E, 2314ft
15°29’20. 71”N, 74°59’03. 35”E, 2314ft
Table 2. Nucleotide sequences of random primers used in the present study
Primers
Nucleotide Sequence of
random primers
Primers
(5’ 3’)
Nucleotide Sequence of
random primers
(5’ 3’)
1. AC13
GACCCGATTG
11. BH2
GTAAGCCGAG
2. AC16
CCTCCTACGG
12. H16
TCTCAGCTGG
3. AC20
ACGGAAGTGG
13. L10
TGGGAGATGG
4. AC9
AGAGCGTACC
14. L11
ACGATGAGCC
5. AK11
CAGTGTGCTC
15. L12
GGGCGGTACT
6. AK18
ACCCGGAAAC
16. M1
GTTGGTGGCT
7. AK4
AGGGTCGGTC
17. M15
GACCTACCAC
8. AT3
GACTGGGAGG
18. N12
CACAGACACC
9. BH10
GTGTGCCTGG
19. N18
GGTGAGGTCA
10. BH12
TCGCCTTGTC
20. N7
CAGCCCAGAG
Table 3. List of species of earthworms collected in the present study
Species of Earthworms
Sl. No.
1
Family
Moniligastridae
Scientific name
Drawida barwelli.(1)
Drawida nepalensis(1)
Drawida sp.1-6 (8)
2
Glossoscolecidae Pontoscolex corethrurus (7)
3
Octochaetidae
Dichogaster affinis. (3)
Chaetocotoides sp.(2)
Lennogaster sp.(1)
4
Megascolicidae
Megascolex konkanensis(1)
Perionyx excavatus (1)
5
Eudrillidae
Eudrillus euginae(2)
6
Lumbricidae
Eisenia fetida(1)
Table 6: List of primers used, number of amplified products and percent
polymorphism noted in the study
Nucleotide Sequence
of random primers
(5’ 3’)
Number of
amplified
products
(a)
Number of
polymorphic
products
(b)
Percent
polymorphism
(b/a X 100)
1.AC13
GACCCGATTG
19
19
100%
2.AC16
CCTCCTACGG
10
10
100%
3.AC20
ACGGAAGTGG
14
14
100%
4.AC9
AGAGCGTACC
11
11
100%
5.AK11
CAGTGTGCTC
13
13
100%
6.AK18
ACCCGGAAAC
14
14
100%
7.AK4
AGGGTCGGTC
19
19
100%
8.AT3
GACTGGGAGG
14
14
100%
9.BH10
GTGTGCCTGG
11
11
100%
10.BH12
TCGCCTTGTC
12
12
100%
11.BH2
GTAAGCCGAG
13
13
100%
12.H16
TCTCAGCTGG
11
11
100%
13. L10
TGGGAGATGG
9
9
100%
14. L11
ACGATGAGCC
5
5
100%
15.L12
GGGCGGTACT
10
10
100%
16. M1
GTTGGTGGCT
12
12
100%
17. M15
GACCTACCAC
8
8
100%
18.N12
CACAGACACC
13
13
100%
19.N18
GGTGAGGTCA
12
12
100%
20.N7
CAGCCCAGAG
12
12
100%
Primers
Table 4: Physico-chemical properties of soils collected from different earthworm
habitats
Earthworms Identified
Sl.
No.
Soil Analysis
Location
Family
Scientific name
pH
EC OC
(dS/m) (%)
N
P
K
(kg/ha) (kg/ha) (kg/ha)
Chikkamagalur District
1
Mudigere
Glossoscolecidae Pontoscolex corethrurus
4.5
0.38 1.58
176.4
16.6
292.0
2
Kelaguru
Glossoscolecidae Pontoscolex corethrurus
4.8
0.31 1.73
186.5
22.9
353.2
3
Kemmanagundi1 Octochaetidae
5.2
0.25 1.55
247.8
16.9
367.4
4
Kemmanagundi2 Glossoscolecidae Pontoscolex corethrurus
5.9
0.34 2.36
136.1
30.1
223.4
5
Ballur
Glossoscolecidae Pontoscolex corethrurus
5.4
0.49 2.24
171.4
26.8
312.4
6
Bellanduru
Moniligastridae
4.7
0.17 1.70
231.8
25.2
266.0
Chaetocotoides sp.
Drawida sp.
Chamarajnagar District
7
Hangala
Moniligastridae
Drawida sp.
7.2
0.61 1.89
121.0
11.5
379.2
8
Bandipur
Eudrillidae
Eudrillus euginae
7.3
0.74 1.56
176.4
12.6
458.8
Moniligastridae
Drawida sp.
5.2
0.49 2.40
276.4
21.8
230.4
Moniligastridae
Drawida sp.
5.3
0.27 1.93
191.5
35.2
290.4
11 Shimoga
Moniligastridae
Drawida sp.
4.6
0.53 0.87
171.4
29.1
396.8
12 Sorab
Moniligastridae
Drawida sp.
5.2
0.58 2.18
337.7
18.0
352.8
13 Anavatti -1
Octochaetidae
Chaetocotoides sp.
7.9
0.72 2.32
211.7
32.1
463.2
14 Anavatti-2
Moniligastridae
Drawida sp.
5.7
0.40 1.22
247.0
32.0
454.6
15 Talakaveri
Moniligastridae
Drawida sp.
6.1
0.73 1.28
126.0
16.0
339.6
16 Madikeri
Megascolecidae
Megascolex konkanensis 6.3
0.72 2.97
226.8
28.4
358.2
17 Ponnampete
Octochaetidae
Dichogaster affinis
6.4
0.47 1.51
176.4
19.8
390.4
18 Irpu Falls
Octochaetidae
Lennogaster sp.
6.2
0.71 1.85
193.2
21.4
364.6
19 Ramanaguli
Glossoscolecidae Pontoscolex corethrurus 7.0
0.82 1.37
216.7
19.2
412.0
20 Sirsi
Moniligastridae
6.3
0.82 2.90
231.8
20.5
454.2
21 Siddapur
Glossoscolecidae Pontoscolex corethrurus 6.9
0.79 2.68
257.0
20.9
458.0
22 Baragadde
Octochaetidae
5.2
0.88 2.12
258.4
18.3
350.6
23 Gullapur
Glossoscolecidae Pontoscolex corethrurus 6.2
0.42 1.37
121.0
14.0
394.6
24 Padambail
Octochaetidae
Dichogaster affinis
7.2
0.60 1.93
267.1
19.7
372.6
Moniligastridae
Drawida sp.
7.9
0.27 1.31
121.0
12.0
362.8
Udupi District
9
Bailuru
10 Shirur
Shimoga District
Kodugu District
Uttara Kannadaa District
Drawida barwelli
Dichogaster affinis
Mysore District
25 Ummatur
Table 5: Comparative studies on earthworms for vermicompostability
Earthworm species
Depth
and
activity
Appearance
Feeding
habit
Type of
cast
Source
Multiplica
tion rate
(in folds)
Seasonal
preference
Life
cycle
Per cent
bioconversion
Conversion
ratio
Surface
feeder (210 cm)
Pigmented
brown
Decaying
organic
matter
Fine/
granular
UAS,
DWD
5 to 10
Throughout
year
60-75
days
60-70
1:0.6-0.7
Eisenia fetida
-do-
Reddish
brown
-do-
-do-
UAS,
DWD
2 to 05
winter
90-120
days
50-70
1:0.5-0.7
Perionyx excavatus
-do-
Greenish
brown
Animal
droppings
-do-
Cattle
sheds
Arable
lands
2 to 05
Throughout
year
40-60
days
60-70
1:0.6-0.7
Surface
(1-30 cm)
Poorly
pigmented
Soil mineral
matter+
Coarse/
pellet
Hangala
Poor
Rainy
Annual
Bimodal
20-30
1:0.2-0.3
Chaetocotoides sp.
-do-
-do-
-do-
-do-
Anavatti
Poor
Rainy
Annual
Bimodal
10-20
0.1-0.2
Lennogaster sp.
-do-
-do-
-do-
-do-
Kurchi
Poor
Rainy
Annual
Bimodal
-
Poor
Eudrilus eugeniae
Drawida sp.3
Table 7. Similarity coefficient matrix of 28 earthworm samples using RAPD markers
Pd
Ram
Pn
Ya2
Ya3
Bar
Gul
Si
An
Km
Sh3
Ba
So
Sd
B
Km-6
Ba2
KTE
Shi
Ip
Bn
Ya1
Md
Um
Han
Mud
A2
Tr
Pd
1.00
0.27
0.64
0.36
0.45
0.67
0.23
0.26
0.55
0.42
0.21
0.32
0.30
0.22
0.20
0.21
0.17
0.15
0.34
0.51
0.46
0.45
0.45
0.35
0.32
0.30
0.29
1.00
Ram Pn
Ya2 Ya3 Bar Gul Si
An Km Sh3 Ba
So
Sd
B
1.00
0.34
0.37
0.34
0.26
0.38
0.29
0.27
0.40
0.20
0.34
0.23
0.40
0.27
0.35
0.25
0.31
0.17
0.30
0.48
0.36
0.28
0.36
0.25
0.31
0.18
1.00
1.00
0.42
0.43
0.32
0.29
0.38
0.46
0.30
0.35
0.35
0.38
0.25
0.25
0.29
0.35
0.28
0.35
0.37
0.40
0.55
0.37
0.39
0.35
0.24
1.00
1.00
0.52
0.31
0.37
0.35
0.21
0.25
0.20
0.19
0.21
0.26
0.47
0.45
0.42
0.44
0.33
0.28
0.28
0.38
1.00
1.00
0.24
0.18
0.16
0.14
0.24
0.27
0.25
0.22
0.21
0.25
0.21
0.23
0.15
0.15
1.00
1.00
0.29
0.25
0.16
0.29
0.27
0.26
0.31
0.36
0.33
0.29
0.33
0.26
0.20
1.00
1.00
0.44
0.27
0.31
0.27
0.24
0.30
0.31
0.26
0.28
0.28
0.31
0.22
1.00
1.00
0.46
0.47
0.58
0.25
0.30
0.52
0.50
0.24
0.40
0.31
0.29
0.38
0.29
0.23
0.20
0.35
0.45
0.50
0.53
0.47
0.37
0.33
0.32
0.31
1.00
1.00
0.40
0.32
0.25
0.39
0.38
0.25
0.31
0.37
0.37
0.28
0.20
0.24
0.25
0.23
0.37
0.37
0.34
0.30
0.40
0.36
0.31
0.30
1.00
1.00
0.24
0.30
0.57
0.53
0.33
0.36
0.29
0.25
0.19
0.17
0.27
0.16
0.41
0.46
0.44
0.44
0.49
0.43
0.39
0.32
0.34
1.00
1.00
0.28
0.20
0.37
0.26
0.34
0.27
0.41
0.34
0.29
0.15
0.38
0.14
0.29
0.27
0.28
0.29
0.34
0.32
0.39
0.21
1.00
1.00
0.25
0.30
0.24
0.29
0.26
0.29
0.22
0.21
0.11
0.19
0.25
0.26
0.16
0.29
0.30
0.36
0.29
0.18
0.39
1.00
1.00
0.33
0.32
0.27
0.40
0.29
0.25
0.25
0.26
0.34
0.48
0.45
0.53
0.45
0.39
0.30
0.30
0.29
1.00
1.00
0.41
0.42
0.27
0.21
0.24
0.26
0.35
0.28
0.37
0.35
0.34
0.37
0.40
0.32
0.22
0.31
1.00
1.00
0.35
0.26
0.28
0.25
0.18
0.29
0.27
0.33
0.31
0.31
0.36
0.26
0.31
0.31
0.32
1.00
Km-6 Ba2 KTE Shi Ip
1.00
0.27
0.36
0.26
0.22
0.25
0.28
0.31
0.23
0.30
0.28
0.23
1.00
1.00
0.34
0.39
0.31
0.28
0.27
0.30
0.23
0.25
0.29
0.30
1.00
1.00
0.33
0.26
0.22
0.18
0.28
0.24
0.24
0.27
0.22
1.00
1.00
0.35
0.33
0.34
0.36
0.28
0.32
0.16
0.29
1.00
1.00
0.45
0.51
0.48
0.45
0.33
0.36
0.35
1.00
Bn
Ya1 Md Um Han Mud A2 Tr
1.00
0.69
0.56
0.49
0.36
0.30
0.31
1.00
1.00
0.68
0.51
0.42
0.31
0.34
1.00
1.00
0.50
0.40
0.39
0.41
1.00
1.00
0.55
0.29
0.38
1.00
1.00
0.26 1.00
0.27 0.27 1.00
1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

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九州北部福岡の陸棲貧毛類

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