O. Cenciarelli, A. Malizia, M. Marinelli, S. Pietropaoli, R. Gallo, F. D

Defence S&T Tech. Bull.,6(1) :33-41,2013
EVALUATION OF BIOHAZARD MANAGEMENT OF THE ITALIAN
NATIONAL FIRE BRIGADE
Orlando Cenciarelli1,3*, Andrea Malizia1, Marianna Marinelli2, Stefano Pietropaoli3, Romeo
Gallo5)DEUL]LR'¶$PLFR1, Carlo Bellecci15REHUWR)LRULWR4, Antonio Gucciardino1, Maria
Richetta1 & Pasquale Gaudio1
'HSDUWPHQWRI,QGXVWULDO(QJLQHHULQJ)DFXOW\RI(QJLQHHULQJ8QLYHUVLW\RI5RPH³7RU
Vergata”, Italy
2
Novartis Vaccine and Diagnostics, Italy
3
'HSDUWPHQWRI%LRORJ\)DFXOW\RI6FLHQFH0DWKHPDWLFDO3K\VLFDODQG(QYLURQPHQWDO
8QLYHUVLW\RI5RPH³7RU9HUJDWD´,WDO\
4
'HSDUWPHQWRI%LR0HGLFDO3UHYHQWLRQ)DFXOW\RI0HGLFLQHDQG6XUJHU\8QLYHUVLW\RI
5RPH³7RU9HUJDWD,WDO\
5
&RPDQGR3URYLQFLDOHGHL9LJLOLGHO)XRFRGL0DWHUD,WDO\
1
*
Email: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
%LRKD]DUGV DUH QRQFRQYHQWLRQDO WKUHDWV WKDW DUH YHU\ GLI¿FXOW WR PDQDJH 7KLV LV GXH WR
GLI¿FXOWLHVLQWKHLGHQWL¿FDWLRQRIELRORJLFDODJHQWVWKDWDUHUHVSRQVLEOHIRUWKHRQVHWRID
GLVHDVHZKLFKFDQEHEDFWHULDYLUXVHVIXQJXVRUWR[LQV,Q,WDO\WKH¿UVWUHVSRQVHV\VWHPWR
ELRKD]DUGVLVSURYLGHGE\WKH1DWLRQDO)LUH%ULJDGH1)%&RUSR1D]LRQDOHGHL9LJLOLGHO
)XRFR&199)7KHDLPRIWKLVZRUNLVWRHYDOXDWHWKHSURFHGXUHVDGRSWHGE\WKH1)%IRU
WKHPDQDJHPHQWRIELRKD]DUGV7KLVLVGRQHE\FRPSDULQJWKHVWDWLVWLFVRI1)%LQWHUYHQWLRQV
in 2000-2010 for potential biohazard events, and chemical and radioactive risks. A series of
VROXWLRQVLVWKHQSURSRVHGWRLPSURYHWKH1)%¶VQDWLRQDOUHVSRQVHV\VWHPIRUELRKD]DUGV
Keywords: 1DWLRQDO )LUH %ULJDGH 1)% ELRKD]DUGV FKHPLFDO ELRORJLFDO UDGLRORJLFDO
and nuclear (CBRN); interventions; specialist biologists.
,1752'8&7,21
%LRKD]DUGVLVDYHU\FRPSOH[VXEMHFWZKLFKLVQRWHDVLO\H[SORUHG,QIDFWZKLOHIRUFKHPLFDO
DQGUDGLRORJLFDOQXFOHDUKD]DUGVZHFDQRIWHQUHIHUWRZHOONQRZQGDWDLWLVQRWWKHVDPH
IRUULVNVLQWKHELRORJLFDOFRQWH[W.DV]HWD7KHUHDVRQIRUWKLVODFNRILQIRUPDWLRQ
LVFOHDUELRKD]DUGVKDYHVWLOOQRWEHHQFRPSOHWHO\XQGHUVWRRG)RUH[DPSOHWKHPROHFXODU
PHFKDQLVPVRIFDQFHUGHYHORSPHQWKDYHRQO\UHFHQWO\EHHQDVVRFLDWHGZLWKYLUXVHVGLUHFWO\
WUDQVPLWWHG%XWHO0RUHRYHUFRPPHUFLDOLVHGV\VWHPVDQGLQVWUXPHQWVGRQRWFXUUHQWO\
H[LVWWRLGHQWLI\VHYHUDOELRORJLFDODJHQWVDQGWKHRQHVWKDWH[LVWGRQRWDOORZLQVWDQWLQ¿HOG
LGHQWL¿FDWLRQ +HQFH LW LV RIWHQ QHFHVVDU\ WR XVH FRPSOH[ ODERUDWRU\ LQVWUXPHQWDWLRQ IRU
FHUWDLQDQGUDSLGGHWHUPLQDWLRQ7KHXVHRIODERUDWRU\WHFKQLTXHVUHTXLUHH[WHQGHGSHULRGVRI
33
Orlando Cenciarelli et. al
WLPHWRJHWDQDQVZHU$GGLWLRQDOO\WKHDSSURSULDWHUHVSRQVHLVQRWDOZD\VFOHDU
,Q,WDO\WKH¿UVWUHVSRQVHV\VWHPWRELRKD]DUGHYHQWVLVSURYLGHGE\WKH1DWLRQDO)LUH%ULJDGH
1)%&RUSR1D]LRQDOHGHL9LJLOLGHO)XRFR&199),QWKHODVWGHFDGHWKH1)%KDG
WRFUHDWHDQHZGLYLVLRQWRRSHUDWHLQWKHVH³QHZULVNVFHQDULRV´ZHXVHGWKHWHUP³QHZ´
WDNLQJLQWRDFFRXQWWKHFODVVLFDOEDFNJURXQGRILQ¿HOGRSHUDWRUV)ROORZLQJHYHQWVLQYROYLQJ
ELRKD]DUGVVXFKDVHQYHORSHDQGSDFNDJHFRQWDPLQDWLRQZLWKDQWKUD[VSRUHVDQGWKH
SRWHQWLDOVSUHDGRIWKHDYLDQLQÀXHQ]DSDQGHPLFFLUFXODUVGHFUHHVZHUHLVVXHGad
hocE\WKH0LQLVWU\RI,QWHULRU02,LQRUGHUWRSURYLGHRSHUDWLYHGLUHFWLRQVIRU¿UH¿JKWHUV
02, D 02, ,PPHGLDWHO\ DIWHUZDUGV WKH 1)% ZDV HTXLSSHG ZLWK PRGHUQ
IDFLOLWLHVIRUWKHGHWHFWLRQDQGPDQDJHPHQWRIELRORJLFDODJHQWVHJPRELOHODERUDWRULHV
GHFRQWDPLQDWLRQXQLWVHWF
7KHDLPRIWKLVZRUNLVWRHYDOXDWHWKHSURFHGXUHVDGRSWHGE\WKH1)%IRUWKHPDQDJHPHQW
RIELRKD]DUGHYHQWV7KLVLV GRQHE\FRPSDULQJWKHVWDWLVWLFVRI1)%LQWHUYHQWLRQVLQ
IRUSRWHQWLDOELRKD]DUGHYHQWVDQGFKHPLFDODQGUDGLRDFWLYHULVNV$VHULHVRIVROXWLRQV
LVWKHQSURSRVHGWRLPSURYHWKH1)%¶VQDWLRQDOUHVSRQVHV\VWHPIRUELRKD]DUGHYHQWV
7+(1)%$1'7+(,7$/,$10$1$*(0(172)&%515,6.6
1)%¶V5ROHLQ&%51(YHQWV
7KH 1)% D NH\ HOHPHQW RI WKH ,WDOLDQ FLYLO SURWHFWLRQ V\VWHP LV SDUW RI WKH 'HSDUWPHQW
RI )LUH 5HVFXH 6HUYLFH DQG &LYLO 'HIHQVH ZKLFK RSHUDWHV XQGHU WKH 02, ,W FRQVLVWV RI
DSSUR[LPDWHO\XQLWV7KH1)%HQVXUHVXUJHQWWHFKQLFDOUHVFXHHYHQLQFLUFXPVWDQFHV
RIXQFRQYHQWLRQDOULVNV,WVRULJLQDOSULPDU\REMHFWLYHLV³to protect the safety of persons and
WKLQJV E\ SUHYHQWLQJ DQG H[WLQJXLVKLQJ ¿UHV DQG SURYLGLQJ WHFKQLFDO VHUYLFHV LQ JHQHUDO
including those related to air defence´02,7KHIXQFWLRQVRIWKH1)%ZDVIRUPDOO\
XSGDWHGLQ02,ZKHUHE\WKHUROHRIWKH1)%IRUFKHPLFDOELRORJLFDOUDGLRORJLFDO
DQGQXFOHDU&%51HYHQWVLVDOVRGH¿QHGSDUWLFXODUO\LQWHUPVRIFRXQWHUDFWLQJWKHULVNV
DULVLQJIURP&%51VXEVWDQFHVLQFOXGLQJIURPSRVVLEOHQRQFRQYHQWLRQDOFULPHVDLPHGDW
GDPDJLQJ SHRSOH RU SURSHUW\ XVLQJ DGHTXDWH LQVWUXPHQWV DQG PRELOH XQLWV7KHUHIRUH LQ
RUGHU WR UHVSRQG HIIHFWLYHO\ WR &%51 HYHQWV WKH 1)% UHTXLUHV VXLWDEOH WHFKQLFDO VNLOOV
UHVRXUFHVDQGVSHFLDOLVHGHTXLSPHQWV
1)%¶V5HVSRQVH/HYHOV
1)%¶VPRGHOUHVSRQVHIRU&%51HYHQWVLVGHVFULEHGLQWKH1)%LQWHUYHQWLRQPRGHO02,
E,WLVDPHFKDQLVPRIUHVSRQVHWKDWLQYROYHVWKUHHGLIIHUHQWFRPSHWHQF\OHYHOVUHODWHG
WRWKHFRPSOH[LW\RIWKHKDQGOLQJRIWKHHYHQW$FFRUGLQJWRWKHLQWHUYHQWLRQPRGHOWKHORFDO
WHDPQRUPDOO\WKHFORVHVWRQHWKH³EDVLFWHDP´PXVWUHDFKWKHORFDWLRQRIWKHHYHQW¿UVW
7KLVWHDPZLOOWKHQHYDOXDWHWKHVLWXDWLRQDQGGHWHUPLQHWKHUHTXLUHPHQWVIRUDGHTXDWHPHDQV
DQG VXSSRUW RI RWKHU WHDPV PRUH TXDOL¿HG IRU WKDW W\SH RI LQWHUYHQWLRQ 7KH LQWHUYHQWLRQ
WHDPVEDVHGRQWKHOHYHORITXDOL¿FDWLRQDUHDVIROORZV
Defence S&T Tech. Bull.
(YDOXDWLRQRIELRKD]DUGPDQDJHPHQWRIWKH,WDOLDQQDWLRQDO¿UHEULJDGH
D %DVLFWHDP/RFDOO\TXDOL¿HGWRHQVXUHWKH¿UVWLQWHUYHQWLRQ
E 3URYLQFHVSHFLDOLVWV3UHVHQWLQHDFKSURYLQFLDOFRPPDQG
F &%51 UHJLRQDO RSHUDWLYH XQLW 3UHVHQW LQ HDFK FRPPDQG LQ WKH UHJLRQDO FDSLWDO
WRZQV
6RPHRIWKHUHJLRQDOFRPPDQGVDUHHTXLSSHGZLWKPRELOHDQDO\WLFDO&%51ODERUDWRULHV
,WLVVSHFL¿FDOO\EXLOWIRUWKH&%51XQLWRIWKH1)%WRFDUU\RXWFKHPLFDOUDGLRDFWLYHDQG
ELRORJLFDOVDPSOHDQDO\VHVDWWKHHYHQWVLWH7KXVWKH\DUHDEOHWRREWDLQUHVXOWVLQDVKRUWHU
DPRXQWRIWLPH*XOOLet al.
6FHQDULRVDQG7\SHRI,QWHUYHQWLRQ
,Q WKH FDVH RI ELRKD]DUG HYHQWV WKH 1)% UHIHUV WR 02, E WR GH¿QH WKH VWDQGDUG
VFHQDULRVRILQWHUYHQWLRQ6HYHUDOSRVVLEOHVFHQDULRVRIDFWLRQDUHSUHVHQWHG
D 3UHVHQFHRIVXVSLFLRXVPDWHULDOZLWKRXWFOHDUWUDFHVRISRZGHURUOLTXLG
E 3UHVHQFHRIVXVSLFLRXVPDWHULDOZLWKFOHDUWUDFHVRISRZGHURUOLTXLGGLVSHUVHGRQ
VXUIDFHVEXWQRWVSUHDGZLWKLQWKHHQYLURQPHQW
F 3UHVHQFHRIVXVSLFLRXVPDWHULDOZLWKFOHDUWUDFHVRISRZGHUGLVSHUVHGRQVXUIDFHV
DQGDOVRVSUHDGZLWKLQWKHHQYLURQPHQW
6LPLODUO\WKHW\SHVRIHYHQWVFDQEHWUDFHGWRWKHIROORZLQJWKUHHFDWHJRULHV
D 5HOHDVHRUULVNRIUHOHDVHZLWKRXWRUQRULVNRI¿UHRUH[SORVLRQ
E 5HOHDVHRUULVNRIUHOHDVHZLWKRUULVNRI¿UHRUH[SORVLRQ
F 5HFRYHU\RIKD]DUGRXVVXEVWDQFHRUVXVSHFWZLWKRXWRUUHPRWHULVNRIORVV
%,2+$=$5'6
%LRKD]DUGVDUHOLQNHGWRWKHH[SRVXUHWRELRORJLFDODJHQWVDQGUHSUHVHQWDSRWHQWLDOGDQJHU
IRUSXEOLFKHDOWK%LRKD]DUGVPD\DULVHIURPDYDULHW\RIHYHQWVLQYROYLQJELRORJLFDODJHQWV
VXFK DV WKH QDWXUDO GLIIXVLRQ WKH DFFLGHQWDO GLIIXVLRQ HJ VSLOO IURP D ELRWHFKQRORJ\
LQGXVWU\RUWKHLQWHQWLRQDOUHOHDVHLQWRWKHHQYLURQPHQWHJIRUWHUURULVWLFDWWDFNVRUZDU
DFWLRQV(&
%LRORJLFDODJHQWVDUHPLFURRUJDQLVPVLQFOXGLQJWKRVHZKLFKKDYHEHHQJHQHWLFDOO\PRGL¿HG
FHOO FXOWXUHV DQG KXPDQ HQGRSDUDVLWHV ZKLFK FDQ FDXVH DQ\ LQIHFWLRQ DOOHUJ\ RU WR[LFLW\
(& 02/ '2/ $FFRUGLQJ WR (& ELRORJLFDO DJHQWV FDQ EH
FODVVL¿HGLQWRIRXUULVNJURXSVGHSHQGLQJRQWKHLUOHYHORIULVNRILQIHFWLRQ
Defence S&T Tech. Bull.
35
Orlando Cenciarelli et. al
D *URXS$JHQWVWKDWDUHXQOLNHO\WRFDXVHKXPDQGLVHDVH
E *URXS$JHQWVWKDWFDQFDXVHKXPDQGLVHDVHDQGPLJKWEHDKD]DUGWRZRUNHUV7KH\
DUHXQOLNHO\WRVSUHDGWRWKHFRPPXQLW\DQGWKHUHLVXVXDOO\HIIHFWLYHSURSK\OD[LVRU
WUHDWPHQWDYDLODEOH
F *URXS$JHQWVWKDWFDQFDXVHVHYHUHKXPDQGLVHDVHDQGSUHVHQWDVHULRXVKD]DUGWR
ZRUNHUV7KH\PD\SUHVHQWDULVNRIVSUHDGLQJWRWKHFRPPXQLW\EXWWKHUHLVXVXDOO\
HIIHFWLYHSURSK\OD[LVRUWUHDWPHQWDYDLODEOH
G *URXS$JHQWVWKDWFDXVHVHYHUHKXPDQGLVHDVHDQGDUHDVHULRXVKD]DUGWRZRUNHUV
7KH\PD\SUHVHQWDKLJKULVNRIVSUHDGLQJWRWKHFRPPXQLW\DQGWKHUHLVXVXDOO\QR
HIIHFWLYHSURSK\OD[LVRUWUHDWPHQWDYDLODEOH
&'&IXUWKHUFODVVL¿HVWKHPRVWLPSRUWDQWELRORJLFDODJHQWVLQWRWKUHHFDWHJRULHV
D &DWHJRU\$$JHQWVWKDWFDQEHHDVLO\GLVVHPLQDWHGRUWUDQVPLWWHGIURPSHUVRQWR
SHUVRQ7KH\UHVXOWLQKLJKPRUWDOLW\UDWHVDQGKDYHWKHSRWHQWLDOIRUPDMRUSXEOLF
KHDOWK LPSDFW 7KH\ PLJKW FDXVH SXEOLF SDQLF DQG VRFLDO GLVUXSWLRQ DQG UHTXLUH
VSHFLDODFWLRQIRUSXEOLFKHDOWKSUHSDUHGQHVV
E &DWHJRU\%$JHQWVWKDWDUHPRGHUDWHO\HDV\WRGLVVHPLQDWH7KH\UHVXOWLQPRGHUDWH
PRUELGLW\UDWHVDQGORZPRUWDOLW\DQGUHTXLUHVSHFL¿FHQKDQFHGGLDJQRVWLFFDSDFLW\
DQGGLVHDVHVXUYHLOODQFH
F &DWHJRU\&(PHUJLQJDJHQWVWKDWFRXOGEHHQJLQHHUHGIRUPDVVGLVVHPLQDWLRQLQWKH
IXWXUHEHFDXVHRIWKHLUDYDLODELOLW\7KH\DUHHDV\WRSURGXFHDQGGLVVHPLQDWH7KH\
DUHSRWHQWLDOO\OLQNHGWRKLJKPRUELGLW\DQGPRUWDOLW\UDWHVDQGPDMRUKHDOWKLPSDFW
%LRORJLFDODJHQWVFDQEHIXUWKHUFODVVL¿HGDFFRUGLQJWRFHUWDLQFKDUDFWHULVWLFVWKDWGH¿QHWKH
KD]DUGWRKHDOWK1$72
D ,QIHFWLYLW\7KHDSWLWXGHRIDQDJHQWWRSHQHWUDWHDQGPXOWLSO\LQWKHKRVW
E 3DWKRJHQLFLW\7KHDELOLW\RIWKHDJHQWWRFDXVHDGLVHDVHDIWHUSHQHWUDWLQJLQWRWKH
ERG\
F 7UDQVPLVVLELOLW\7KHDELOLW\RIWKHDJHQWWREHWUDQVPLWWHGIURPDQLQIHFWHGLQGLYLGXDO
WRDKHDOWK\RQH
G $ELOLW\WRQHXWUDOLVH0HDQVWRKDYHSUHYHQWLYHWRROVDQGRUWKHUDSHXWLFSXUSRVHV
(DFKELRORJLFDODJHQWFDQEHWUDQVPLWWHGWKURXJKRQHRUPRUHZD\V7KHWUDQVPLVVLRQPRGHV
DUHPDLQO\/D3ODFD
D 3DUHQWHUDO$JHQWVWKDWDUHWUDQVPLWWHGWKURXJKERG\ÀXLGVRUEORRG
E $LUZD\E\GURSOHWV$JHQWVWKDWDUHHPLWWHGE\LQIHFWHGSHRSOHZKLFKFDQWKHQEH
LQKDOHGE\VXUURXQGLQJSHRSOH
F &RQWDFW7KURXJKZKLFKWKHDJHQWVSUHVHQWRQWKHVXUIDFHRIWKHLQIHFWHGRUJDQLVP
FDQLQIHFWDQRWKHURUJDQLVP
Defence S&T Tech. Bull.
(YDOXDWLRQRIELRKD]DUGPDQDJHPHQWRIWKH,WDOLDQQDWLRQDO¿UHEULJDGH
G 2UDOIHFDOURXWH7KURXJKREMHFWVIRRGVRURWKHULWHPVFRQWDPLQDWHGZLWKWKHIHFHV
RILQIHFWHGSDWLHQWVRUWKURXJKVH[XDOFRQWDFW
67$7,67,&6 )25 1)% ,17(59(17,216 )25 &+(0,&$/ $1'
5$',2/2*,&$/5,6.6$1'327(17,$/%,2+$=$5'6
6LQFHWKH1)%SXEOLVKHVRQWKHLUZHEVLWHVWDWLVWLFVRISURYLQFHFRPPDQGLQWHUYHQWLRQV
IRU \HDUO\ SHULRGV 1)% )RU WKLV ZRUN VWDWLVWLFV UHJDUGLQJ &%51 ZDV FROOHFWHG
IRU DQDO\VLV ,Q SDUWLFXODU DV VKRZQ LQ 7DEOH WKH LQWHUYHQWLRQV LQYROYLQJ FKHPLFDO DQG
UDGLRORJLFDO ULVNV ZHUH H[DPLQHG 7KH WRWDO QXPEHU RI LQWHUYHQWLRQV LQYROYLQJ FKHPLFDO
VXEVWDQFHVZDVREWDLQHGE\DGGLQJDOOWKHHYHQWVFODVVL¿HGDV³chemical substances involved´
DQG³RWKHULQÀDPPDEOHDQGOLTXLGDQGRUJDVHRXVFRPEXVWLEOHV´ZKLFKLQFOXGHV³accident
with a vehicle transporting dangerous substances´ ³ÀLSSLQJ RYHU RI D WUXFN WUDQVSRUWLQJ
dangerous substances´ DQG ³a gas leak´ 7KH WRWDO QXPEHU RI LQWHUYHQWLRQV LQYROYLQJ
UDGLRDFWLYHVXEVWDQFHVLVUHSRUWHGLQWKHRI¿FLDO1)%VWDWLVWLFVtout courtDQGLQFOXGHVDPRQJ
RWKHUV³recovery of radioactive lightning rod´DQG³recovery of radioactive substances´
7DEOH1)%LQWHUYHQWLRQVLQLQYROYLQJFKHPLFDODQGUDGLRDFWLYH
VXEVWDQFHV$GDSWHGIURP1)%
The estimation of the percentages of interventions involving chemical and radioactive
substances over total interventions is calculated for yearly periods. The mean percentage is
obtained by averaging the annual percentages calculated over total yearly interventions.
:KLOHFKHPLFDODQGUDGLRORJLFDOULVNVDUHFOHDUO\HYDOXDWHGLQWKH1)%¶VVWDWLVWLFVWKLVLV
QRWGRQHIRUELRKD]DUGVZKLFKLVQHLWKHUFRQVLGHUHGQRUSXWLQWRDWDEOH)RUWKLVUHDVRQLQ
RUGHUWRFRQGXFWDVWDWLVWLFDODQDO\VLVZHFRQVLGHUHGWKHW\SHVRILQWHUYHQWLRQVWKDWFDQEH
SRWHQWLDOO\DVVRFLDWHGWRELRKD]DUGVQDWXUDOKXPDQUHODWHGRUYROXQWDU\DVWKHIROORZLQJ
D
E
F
G
H
6DYLQJRISHRSOH
5HFRYHU\RIGHDGSHRSOH
6DYLQJRIDQLPDOV
5HFRYHU\RIGHDGDQLPDOV
7UDQVSRUWRISDWLHQWV
Defence S&T Tech. Bull.
Orlando Cenciarelli et. al
7KHQRQVSHFL¿FFDWHJRU\³general assistance services´ZDVQRWFRQVLGHUHG)ROORZLQJWKLV
QRWLRQDOHYDOXDWLRQVXUSULVLQJUHVXOWVDUHREWDLQHGDVVKRZQLQ7DEOH%\WDNLQJWKHPHDQ
RIWKHGDWDZHKDYHDKLJKSHUFHQWDJHYDOXHDVFRPSDUHGWRFKHPLFDO
DQG UDGLRORJLFDO ULVNV )LJXUH +RZHYHU LW VKRXOG EH QRWHG WKDW VLQFH LW LV D QRWLRQDO
HVWLPDWLRQ WKLV YDOXH FDQ EH IDU IURP WKH UHDOLW\ ,W LV QHYHUWKHOHVV LPSRUWDQW EHFDXVH LW
KLJKOLJKWVSRWHQWLDOLQFLGHQFHVRIELRKD]DUGVRYHUWKHWRWDORIWKHLQWHUYHQWLRQV
7DEOH1)%LQWHUYHQWLRQVLQSRWHQWLDOO\LQYROYLQJELRKD]DUGV
$GDSWHGIURP1)%
The estimation of the percentages of interventions involving biohazards over total
interventions is calculated for yearly periods. The mean percentage is obtained by
averaging the annual percentages calculated over total yearly interventions.
(a)
(b)
)LJXUH6WDWLVWLFVRI1)%LQWHUYHQWLRQVLQYROYLQJSRWHQWLDOELRKD]DUGVIRU
DQGFRPSDULVRQRWKHULQWHUYHQWLRQVD7\SHVRILQWHUYHQWLRQVFRQVLGHUHGIRUWKH
HYDOXDWLRQRISRWHQWLDOELRKD]DUGV7KHSHUFHQWDJHVUHSUHVHQWWKHPHDQSHUFHQWDJHV
REWDLQHGIRUHDFKW\SHRILQWHUYHQWLRQE5DWHVRILQWHUYHQWLRQVLQYROYLQJ
ELRKD]DUGVFKHPLFDODQGUDGLRORJLFDOULVNVDQGRWKHULQWHUYHQWLRQV
352326$/6)25,03529,1*7+(1)%¶6%,2+$=$5'0$1$*(0(17
7KH1)%LVUHVSRQVLEOHIRU¿UVWUHVSRQVHLQFDVHRIELRKD]DUGHYHQWVLQWKHFRQWH[WRIFLYLO
SURWHFWLRQ DQG GHIHQFH )RU WKLV UHDVRQ WKH 1)% KDV WR EH HTXLSSHG ZLWK WKH QHFHVVDU\
DSSDUDWXV DQG FRQVHTXHQWO\ VSHFLDOLVHG SHUVRQQHO ZKR FDQ XVH LW :KLOH WKH 1)% KDV
GHYHORSHG LWV RZQ FRPSHWHQFLHV IRU FKHPLFDO DQG UDGLRORJLFDO ULVNV VLQFH WKH V IRU
ELRKD]DUGVWKHUHKDVEHHQOHVVWLPHVSHQWWRSXWWKHPLQWRDFWLRQZLWKDOOUHODWHGGHYHORSPHQWV
KDSSHQLQJLQWKHODVWGHFDGH
Defence S&T Tech. Bull.
(YDOXDWLRQRIELRKD]DUGPDQDJHPHQWRIWKH,WDOLDQQDWLRQDO¿UHEULJDGH
$OWKRXJK WKHUH LV VLJQL¿FDQW HIIRUW LQ WU\LQJ WR SURYLGH JXLGHOLQHV WR ¿UVW LQWHUYHQWLRQ
RSHUDWRUVIRUELRKD]DUGHYHQWVLWHYLGHQWWKDWWKHUHLVDKLJKPDUJLQRIXQFHUWDLQW\FRQFHUQLQJ
WKHDELOLW\WRSURYLGHLPPHGLDWHUHVSRQVHWRDQHYHQW7KHUHLVDOVRDODFNRI¿HOGLQVWUXPHQWV
WKDWFDQDOORZWKHGHWHFWLRQDQGPDQDJHPHQWRIELRORJLFDODJHQWVH[FOXGLQJVKHOWHUHGODEV
DQGUDSLGUHYHUVHWUDQVFULSWLRQSRO\PHUDVHFKDLQUHDFWLRQ573&5:KLOHUDSLG573&5
DOORZVWKHLGHQWL¿FDWLRQRIDQXPEHURIELRORJLFDODJHQWVLWUHTXLUHVWKHULJKWSULPHUVWREH
XVHGDQGRQO\ZRUNVLQVSHFL¿FDQDO\VLVFRQGLWLRQV
7KH FRUUHFW PDQDJHPHQW RI ELRKD]DUGV LV YHU\ LPSRUWDQW WR HQVXUH WKDW WKH RSHUDWRUV¶
HIIRUWV DUH QRW LQ YDLQ ,W LV FRPPRQ WR FRQVLGHU WKH 212)) HPHUJHQF\ UHVSRQVH EXW
LWLVTXHVWLRQDEOHZKHWKHULWFDQEHDSSOLHGWRELRKD]DUGPDQDJHPHQW,QIDFWUHVSRQGLQJ
ZLWKDZURQJ21FDQOHDGWRUHVXOWVWKDWDUHPRUHGDPDJLQJDVFRPSDUHGWRQRWSURYLGLQJ
DQ\ UHVSRQVH DW DOO7KLV LV XQGHUVWDQGDEOH LI ZH FRQVLGHU WKH H[WUHPH YDULDELOLW\ DQG WKH
GLIIHUHQW SDWKRJHQLFLW\ LQIHFWLYLW\ DQG WUDQVPLVVLELOLW\ PHFKDQLVPV RI ELRORJLFDO DJHQWV
DQGFRQVHTXHQWO\WKHUHODWHGPHWKRGVWRFRQWDLQWKHGLVVHPLQDWLRQ ,QDGGLWLRQWKHFRUUHFW
LGHQWL¿FDWLRQRIWKHELRORJLFDODJHQWLQYROYHGLQDELRKD]DUGHYHQWDOORZVWKHLQWHUYHQWLRQ
WRWDNHSODFHLQDJHQHUDOO\VHFXUHVLWXDWLRQ$VWKH1)%GRHVQRWKDYHVSHFLDOLVWELRORJLVWV
WKHWUDLQLQJRI1)%RSHUDWRUVLQXVLQJLQVWUXPHQWVVXFKDVUDSLG573&5LVFRQGXFWHGE\
VSHFLDOLVWELRORJLVWVPDLQO\LQYROYHGLQ&%51GHIHQFHLQWKH,WDOLDQ$UP\
,Q RUGHU WR LPSURYH WKH UHVSRQVH WR ELRKD]DUG HYHQWV WKH 1)% VKRXOG EH SURYLGHG ZLWK
HTXLSPHQWDQGFRPSOH[LQVWUXPHQWDWLRQIRUWKHVDPSOLQJDQGGHWHFWLRQRIDODUJHQXPEHU
RIELRORJLFDODJHQWV7KLVZRXOGUHTXLUHWKHKLULQJRIVSHFLDOLVWELRORJLVWVLQWKH1)%7KH\
FDQKDYHVHYHUDOLPSRUWDQWWDVNVERWKLQWKHFRQWH[WRISUHYHQWLRQDQGSURWHFWLRQDQGDOVRLQ
HPHUJHQF\PDQDJHPHQW7KHLUNH\UROHVZLOOLQFOXGH
D
E
F
G
H
'HYHORSPHQWRIELRORJLFDODJHQWVGHWHFWLRQV\VWHPV
&HQWUDOFRRUGLQDWLRQDFWLYLWLHV
&ROODERUDWLRQZLWKWKHKHDOWKFDUHRI¿FHVIRUULVNHYDOXDWLRQRIWKHRSHUDWRUV
8SGDWLQJJXLGHOLQHVDQGWHFKQLFDODQGSURFHGXUHLQGLFDWLRQV
6SHFL¿F WUDLQLQJ IRU SHUVRQQHO RSHUDWLQJ LQ SUHYHQWLRQ LGHQWL¿FDWLRQ DQG ULVN
PDQDJHPHQW
I ,QVSHFWLQJSURGXFWVDQGHTXLSPHQWXVHGLQWKHPRELOHODERUDWRULHV
J 3DUWLFLSDWLQJLQH[WHUQDOFRPPXQLFDWLRQVLQFDVHRIELRKD]DUGHYHQWV
&21&/86,21
%LRKD]DUGVDUHDPRQJWKHQRQFRQYHQWLRQDOULVNVWKHPRVWFRPSOH[DQGGLI¿FXOWWRPDQDJH
,QWKLVZRUNZHHYDOXDWHGWKHUHVSRQVLYHQHVVRIWKHPDLQDFWRULQYROYHGLQWKHUHVSRQVHWR
ELRKD]DUGVLQ,WDO\WKH1)% ,WUHYLHZHGSURFHGXUHVRI1)%RSHUDWRUVLQSDUWLFXODUSUHVHQW
7KH212))HPHUJHQF\UHVSRQVHLVDLPHGDWSURYLGLQJIDVWUHVSRQVHWRSRWHQWLDOVSUHDGRIDELRORJLFDO
DJHQW,QWKLV¿UVWVWDJHLQRUGHUWRVWDUWWKHSURFHGXUHVMXVWRQHTXHVWLRQLVFRQVLGHUHGLVWKHDJHQWSUHVHQW"
21RUQRWSUHVHQW"2))QRWWDNLQJLQWRDFFRXQWWKHELRORJLFDOQDWXUHRIWKHDJHQW
Defence S&T Tech. Bull.
Orlando Cenciarelli et. al
SURFHVVHVVSHFL¿FDOO\GHYHORSHGIRUWKHPDQDJHPHQWRIELRKD]DUGV$OWKRXJKWKHVHDFWLRQV
KDYHEHHQGHYHORSHGDQGDUHDSSOLFDEOHLQVSHFL¿FVLWXDWLRQVVXFKDVGHOLEHUDWHUHOHDVHRI
DQWKUD[VSRUHVRUSDQGHPLFGLIIXVLRQRILQÀXHQ]DYLUXVWKHSRVVLEOHVWUDWHJLHVWRDSSURDFK
WKHSUREOHPDUHOLPLWHG$QHIIHFWLYHVROXWLRQWRFRPSHQVDWHIRUWKLVZRXOGEHWKHLQWURGXFWLRQ
RIVSHFLDOLVWELRORJLVWLQWKHVWDIIRIWKH1)%LQRUGHUWRGHYHORSPHWKRGVDQGSURFHGXUHVIRU
WKHPDQDJHPHQWRIELRKD]DUGV
REFERENCES
%XWHO-69LUDOFDUFLQRJHQHVLVUHYHODWLRQRIPROHFXODUPHFKDQLVPVDQGHWLRORJ\RI
KXPDQGLVHDVHCarcinogenesis, 21
&HQWHUV IRU 'LVHDVHV &RQWURO DQG 3UHYHQWLRQ &'& Bioterrorism Agents / Diseases.
$YDLODEOH RQOLQH DW KWWSZZZEWFGFJRYDJHQWDJHQWOLVWFDWHJRU\DVS /DVW DFFHVV
GDWH-XO\
'HSDUWPHQW RI /DERU '2/ Occupational Safety & Health Administration:
Biological Agents$YDLODEOHRQOLQHDWKWWSZZZRVKDJRY6/7&ELRORJLFDODJHQWV
LQGH[KWPO/DVWDFFHVVGDWH-XO\
(XURSHDQ &RPPLVVLRQ (& (XURSHDQ 3DUOLDPHQW 'LUHFWLYH (& RQ WKH
3URWHFWLRQRI:RUNHUVIURP5LVNV5HODWHGWR([SRVXUHWR%LRORJLFDO$JHQWVDW:RUN
(XURSHDQ&RPPLVVLRQ(&%UXVVHOV
(XURSHDQ&RPPLVVLRQ(&Health-EU: Biological Risks$YDLODEOHRQOLQHDWKWWS
HFHXURSDHXKHDOWKHXP\BHQYLURQPHQWELRORJLFDOBULVNVQJRBHQ KWP WDEBQJRV
/DVWDFFHVVGDWH-XO\
*XOOL50DUL*6XUFKLR($PHQGROD/*DULEDOGL&CBRN Defence - Shelter
PRELOHODERIWKH)LUH¿JKWHU3URYLQFLDO&RPPDQGRI5RPH.
.DV]HWD'CBRN and Hazmat Incidents at Major Public Events: Planning and
Response. -RKQ:LOH\6RQV,QF
/D3ODFD0Principles of Medical Microbiology(VFXODSLR;,,HGLWLRQ
0LQLVWU\ RI ,QWHULRU 02, Law 1570/1941: Establishment of Rules for the
2UJDQLVDWLRQRI)LUH¿JKWLQJ6HUYLFHV0LQLVWU\RI,QWHULRU02,,WDO\
0LQLVWU\ RI ,QWHULRU 02, D Circular Decree 1706/CO-2001: Management in
Presence of Anthrax Spores Potentially Contaminated Materials0LQLVWU\RI,QWHULRU
02,,WDO\
0LQLVWU\ RI ,QWHULRU 02, E. Intervention in the Presence of Unconventional (of
Military Type) Chemically Aggressive or Industrial Equivalent. 0LQLVWU\ RI ,QWHULRU
02,,WDO\
0LQLVWU\RI,QWHULRU02,Legislative Decree 139/2006: Intervention Manual in the
Presence of CBRN Risks0LQLVWU\RI,QWHULRU02,,WDO\
0LQLVWU\RI,QWHULRU02,&LUFXODU'HFUHH&2%LRKD]DUG±$YLDQ)OX±
,QGLYLGXDOHTXLSPHQWVIRUSRWHQWLDOO\H[SRVHG1)%VWDII0LQLVWU\RI,QWHULRU02,
Italy.
Defence S&T Tech. Bull.
(YDOXDWLRQRIELRKD]DUGPDQDJHPHQWRIWKH,WDOLDQQDWLRQDO¿UHEULJDGH
0LQLVWU\RI,QWHULRU02,5HRUJDQL]DWLRQRIWKH3URYLVLRQV5HODWLQJWRWKH)XQFWLRQV
DQG'XWLHVRIWKH1DWLRQDO)LUH%ULJDGHVLQ$FFRUGDQFHZLWK$UWLFOHRIWKH/DZRI
29 July 20030LQLVWU\RI,QWHULRU02,,WDO\
0LQLVWU\ RI /DERU 02/ Legislative Decree 81/2008: Safety-at-Work Provisions
Applicable to Contracts0LQLVWU\RI/DERU02/,WDO\
1DWLRQDO)LUH%ULJDGH1)%Statistics: Operations in the Territory$YDLODEOHRQOLQH
DWKWWSZZZYLJLOIXRFRLWDVS[SDJHDVS[",G3DJH /DVWDFFHVVGDWH2FWREHU
1RUWK$WODQWLF7UHDW\ 2UJDQL]DWLRQ 1$72 NATO Handbook on the
Medical Aspects of NBC Defensive Operations AMedP-6(B). Part II - Biological. U.S.
'HSDUWPHQWRIWKH$UP\WKH1DY\DQGWKH$LU)RFH:DVKLQJWRQ'&
Defence S&T Tech. Bull.