PAU TEXTS - Junta de Andalucía

PAU TEXTS
LEAFLET
2º BACHILLERATO
Antonio Jesús Rodríguez Camacho
Departamento de Inglés
IES Rodrigo Caro
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INDEX
TEXT
Can humans control de weather?
Bullying at school
Indian woman gives birth at age 70
A doctor’s vision of the future of medicine
Affordable, accessible coverage options for all
An atlas of the human mind
Micro-credits for the poor
The Loch Ness monster: a famous creature
Taxi drivers’ brains “grow” on the job
Why the leopard got its spots
Education helps brain against dementia changes
An original way to meet people
Eating less meat can save lives
Can Africa be saved?
The music revolution
Green energy industry asks for government help to meet targets
New robots at work
Celebrating Shakespeare
Whisky robber
Britain loses its cool
100 years of flight
The future of English
Winds of change?
The high price of low-cost airlines
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NAME: ____________________________ GROUP: ____
THE MUSIC REVOLUTION
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When German student Karlheinz Brandenburg began his doctorate in 1989, he didn’t intend to
revolutionise the way we listen to music. His work led to the MP3, a file format that compresses audio
into manageable digital files. The Walkman pioneered portable music, but you had to carry tapes or CDs.
With an MP3 you can store hundreds of songs in your pocket, select them with a single click, and copy or
e-mail them easily.
However, are MP3s good quality? In order to reduce CD tracks into three or four megabytes,
MP3s remove frequencies that are inaudible to humans, compressing the rest of information. Therefore,
audio purists consider that MP3 sound has a bad quality. Besides, in relation to longevity, recently old
CDs are becoming erratic. So, are computer music files secure? We won’t know until the technology
grows older.
A second question is raised. Is everybody happy with MP3s? Record companies were initially
terrified by internet piracy. They took legal action against web sites such as Napster, which copied music
illegally. Legitimacy came with Apple’s iTunes store. Apple developed a sophisticated system, so that
downloaded songs cannot be pirated to more than five computers.
(A) COMPREHENSION (4 points)
A.- ANSWER QUESTIONS 1-2 ACCORDING TO THE INFORMATION GIVEN IN THE TEXT.
USE YOUR OWN WORDS. (1 point per answer)
1) What are the advantages of the MP3?
2) How did Apple started to fight against piracy?
3) Why do musical purists not like MP3?
B.- ARE THESE STATEMENTS TRUE OR FALSE JUSTIFY YOUR ANSWER WITH THE
PRECISE WORDS OR PHRASES FROM THE TEXT OR USE YOUR OWN WORDS. (0.5 points per
answer)
4) Karlheinz Brandenburg started his doctorate in order to invent the MP3.
5) When reducing tracks, Mp3s keep all the information.
(B) USE OF ENGLISH (3 points)
6)
7)
8)
9)
Find in the text one opposite of HARD (adverb). (0.25)
Find in the text one synonym of SIMPLE (adjective). (0.25)
Give a noun with the same root as DEVELOP (verb). (0.25)
Find in the text the word which has the following definition. (0.25) “To make something smaller or
shorter.” (verb).
10) Join the following sentence by means of a relative pronoun. (0.5)
This is the music device. The German student invented it.
11) Give a question to this answer: (0.5)
MP3s will never replace Walkmans.
12) Change the following sentence into reported speech. (0.5)
Don said to Clair: “Can you bring me the butter, please?”
13) Put the verb in brackets in the correct tense. (0.5)
Before the MP3 was invented, nobody____________ (compress) digital music.
(C) PRODUCTION (3 points)
14) Write a composition of approximately 120 words. Choose ONE of the following options. Specify
your option.
a.
Is downloading music from the Internet legal?
b.
Do you like computers?
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NEW ROBOTS AT WORK
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In more than 70 hospitals around the World, robots called “Help Mates” walk down halls, call
elevators, and deliver meals. In auto factories robots assemble and paint cars. Other robots deal with
tasks dangerous for humans, such as dealing with nuclear reactors, radioactive waste or mine fields.
Do these real-world robots finally proclaim a new age of androids? Yes, said Hans Moravec of
Carnegie Mellon University’s Robotics Institute. In 30 years he says robots will have brain power similar
to that of monkeys. These robots will be able to say how they feel. “We´ll see a certain level of useful
humanoid robots within 30 years”, agrees Atsuno Takanishi, a Japanese researcher. He’s built a robotic
head, which could be attached to a robot called WABIAN. WABIAN is presently learning how to move
like a person, and can even dance.
Robots will never replace humans, Takaniski claims. But scientists think robots will evolve in
simple steps just as humans did, although 10 million times faster. They expect robots to surpass our
intelligence in the next 50 years.
(A) COMPREHENSION (4 points)
A.- ANSWER QUESTIONS 1-2 ACCORDING TO THE INFORMATION GIVEN IN THE TEXT.
USE YOUR OWN WORDS. (1 point per answer)
1) What will robots be able to do in 30 years time?
2) Will the evolution of robots be the same as the evolution of humans? Explain.
3) Why are robots so useful to humans?
B.- ARE THESE STATEMENTS TRUE OR FALSE? JUSTIFY YOUR ANSWER WITH WORDS OR
PHRASES FROM THE TEXT. (0.5 points per answer)
4) Atsuno Takanishi disagrees with Hans Moravec about the future of robots.
5) In 30 years they will build robots with monkey shape.
(B) USE OF ENGLISH (3 points)
11)
12)
13)
14)
Find in the text one opposite of COLLECT (verb). (0.25)
Find in the text one synonym of INVESTIGATOR (noun). (0.25)
Give one synonym of BUILT (verb) (line 7). (0.25)
Find in the text the word which has the following definition. (0.25) “To put different parts together
to make a single object.” (verb).
15) Put the following sentence into the passive voice. (0.5)
Atsuno Takanishi has built a robotic head.
11) Give a question to this answer: (0.5)
Robots will never replace humans.
12) Change the following sentence into reported speech. (0.5)
Orville said to the robot: “Bring the meal, please.”
13) Put the verb in brackets in the correct tense. (0.5)
Before WABIAN was invented, nobody____________ (build) such an intelligent robot.
(C) PRODUCTION (3 points)
14) Write a composition of approximately 120 WORDS. Choose ONE of the following options.
Specify your option.
c.
How will our houses be within 50 years?
d.
Do you like science-fiction films?
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WHISKY ROBBER
The Hungarian police say that he committed 30 armed robberies, and that he shot at officers
trying to arrest him. He spent what he stole on expensive vacations, cars, and drink. However, many
Hungarians regard him as a hero.
He is called Attila Ambrus, also known as "the Whisky Robber”, because he used to drink
Scotch to build up his courage before each robbery. He escaped from jail in the centre of Budapest six
months after his arrest, and robbed three more banks before being recaptured. The biggest police mistake
was to allow him to escape. In spite of a security camera he scaled a wall of a prison yard where he had
been taking a walk.
His popularity is enormous. Almost everyone has been amused by his hide-and-seek game with
the police. An Austrian firm has acquired the rights to use his image to promote an energy drink. His
unfinished memoirs, left behind in his cell when he escaped and published by a local journalist, have
become a best- seller. According to sociologists, people sympathise with Ambrus because they view
many government and police officials as little different from criminals in a system that is corrupt and
unfair. "He represents a kind of symbolic revenge on the system," says a social psychologist.
(A) COMPREHENSION (4 points)
A.- ANSWER QUESTIONS 1-2 ACCORDING TO THE INFORMATION GIVEN IN THE TEXT.
USE YOUR OWN WORDS. (1 point per answer)
1) Is Attila Ambrus a typical hero? Why?
2) Have the Hungarian police been efficient in this case? Why?
3) Why did he drink whiskey?
B.- ARE THESE STATEMENTS TRUE OR FALSE? JUSTIFY YOUR ANSWER WITH THE
PRECISE WORDS OR PHRASES FROM THE TEXT OR USE YOUR OWN WORDS. (0.5 points per
answer)
4) Ambrus is going to appear in future adverts.
5) People in Hungary think that Attila is much more guilty of corruption than the politicians and the
police.
(B) USE OF ENGLISH (3 points)
16) Find in the text one synonym for INCREASE (verb). (0.25)
17) Give one synonym for SCALE (verb) (line 7). (0.25)
18) Find in the text the word which has the following definition: (0.25)
“A small room in which a prisoner is locked.” (noun) (0.25)
19) Find in the text one opposite for HONEST (adjective).
20) Put the following sentence into the active voice. (0.5)
He is regarded as a hero.
11) Give a question to this answer: (0.5)
He robbed three more banks.
12) Complete the following sentence. (0.5)
If the music hadn’t stopped…
13) Join the following sentences with a connector. Do not use AND or BUT. Make changes if necessary:
(0.5)
I enjoy cross-country skiing. It is an extremely dangerous sport.
(C) PRODUCTION (3 points)
14) Write a composition of approximately 120 words. Choose ONE of the following options. Specify
your option.
a. What makes some people more popular than others? Why?
b. Do we need a police force? Why?
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BRITAIN LOSES ITS COOL
A study of more than 5,000 people from four nations has shown that the British are less talented
than the French, Spanish and Americans. ‘The British have a reputation of being very traditional and not
open to new ideas,’ said Andrew Mead, a senior scientist who helped conduct the test. The scientists
measured talent by using a standard profile of a creative person: someone who enjoys putting forward his
own ideas, who is open to change, and who is sensitive and independent. France did much better than
Britain in the test and emerged as the country most able to produce world-class creative achievement.
France has outstanding actors such as Gerard Depardieu, designers such as Jean-Paul Gaultier, and
sportsmen like Zinedine Zidane, whose footballing skills helped his team win the 1998 World Cup.
Spain is the most creative nation after France. According to research, the country that produced
Picasso is in the middle of a cultural renaissance. There are writers like Antonio Gala, who has won many
prizes for his writing. And American talent is represented by people such as Steven Spielberg, director of
Saving Private Ryan.
British artists attacked the research, claiming that Britain was just as creative as other countries.
One artist commented: ‘Britain has world-beating popular music, fashion and design. We have one fifth
of the population of America but many more good writers; and the culture of France, such as its cooking,
is boring compared with the variety and energy of our own cooks.’
(A) COMPREHENSION (4 points)
A.- ANSWER QUESTIONS 1-2 ACCORDING TO THE INFORMATION GIVEN IN THE TEXT.
USE YOUR OWN WORDS. (1 point per answer)
1) How did the scientists reach their conclusion?
2) Why did British artists attack the results of the research?
3) Why is French cooking better than British cooking?
B.- ARE THESE STATEMENTS TRUE OR FALSE? JUSTIFY YOUR ANSWER WITH THE
PRECISE WORDS OR PHRASES FROM THE TEXT OR USE YOUR OWN WORDS. (0.5 points per
answer)
4) People who don’t like to put their ideas into practice were not included in the study.
5) According to the research, France is the second most creative country.
(B) USE OF ENGLISH (3 points)
6) which word does not have the same meaning?; Independent/autonomous/subordinate/individual
(0.25)
7) Give a synonym for PRIZE (noun) (line 11). (0.25)
8) Give an adjective with the same root as SENSITIVE (adjective) (line 5). (0.25)
9) Find in the text one word meaning “ABILITIES” (noun).
10) Put the following sentence into the passive voice. (0.5)
They have given the writer many prizes for his writing.
11) Give a question to this answer: (0.5)
Steven Spielberg directed Saving Private Ryan.
12) Change the following sentence into reported speech. (0.5)
One artist commented: “French cooking is boring compared with the variety and energy of our
own cooks.”
13) Rewrite the sentence without changing its meaning. Begin as indicated. (0.5)
This house is too small for us.
This house isn’t …
(C) PRODUCTION (3 points)
14) Write a composition of approximately 120 words. Choose ONE of the following options. Specify
your option.
a. Do you agree that British music and bands are famous worldwide?
b. Do you like cooking?
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NAME: ______________________________________________ GROUP: _________
100 YEARS OF FLIGHT
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More than one hundred years ago, Orville and Wilbur Wright, bicycle builders and self-taught
engineers, realised one of man’s oldest dreams: to fly like the birds.
th
On December 17 , 1903, in North Carolina, USA, Orville flew the brothers’ twelve horsepower
plane, “The Flyer”, for 120 feet at ten feet above the ground for twelve seconds. The brothers made three
more flights, once staying in the air for 59 seconds. By the end of that day, the airplane had been
invented, flight had been conquered and the world had changed for ever.
Aviation has radically transformed our world, revolutionising travel and commerce, stimulating
the process of technological change and redefining the way in which man fights wars. In 1900, the
journey from Europe to America took more than a week by boat. By the 1970’s, Concorde had reduced
this to just four hours. Flying is now a completely normal fact of life.
Nevertheless, the Wright brothers’ invention has also, tragically, been responsible for terrible
human suffering, like the dropping of atomic bombs on Japan in the Second World War. Believe it or
not, however, the Wright brothers’ incredible achievement was initially detracted and even disputed by
other inventors and an unscrupulous aviation industry. Many years passed before the American
government recognised the Wright brothers’ success.
(A) COMPREHENSION (4 points)
A.- ANSWER QUESTIONS 1-2 ACCORDING TO THE INFORMATION GIVEN IN
THE TEXT. USE YOUR OWN WORDS. (1 point per answer)
1) How has the world changed since aviation was invented?
2) What is the negative side of the Wright brothers’ invention?
3) Did the Concorde change the way people crossed the Atlantic?
B.- ARE THESE STATEMENTS TRUE OR FALSE? JUSTIFY YOUR ANSWER
WITH THE PRECISE WORDS OR PHRASES FROM THE TEXT OR USE YOUR
OWN WORDS. (0.5 points per answer)
4) The day the Wright brothers flew The Flyer, they made four flights.
5) The American government recognised the Wright brothers’ success immediately.
(B) USE OF ENGLISH (3 points)
21) Find in the text one opposite of HONOURABLE (adjective). (0.25)
22) Find in the text one synonym of SUCCESS (noun). (0.25)
23) Give one synonym of RADICALLY (adverb) (line 7). (0.25)
24) Find in the text the word which has the following definition. (0.25) “Not educated
by a teacher, but by yourself.” (adjective).
25) Put the following sentence into the active voice. (0.5)
The Wright brothers’ invention was disputed by other inventors.
12) Give a question to this answer: (0.5)
The plane stayed in the air for 59 seconds.
13) Change the following sentence into reported speech. (0.5)
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Orville said: “Let’s fly The Flyer on December 17 .”
(C) PRODUCTION (3 points)
14) Write a composition (80-100 WORDS). Choose ONE of the following options. Specify your option.
th
e.
Is aviation the best invention of the 20 century?
f.
Do you like travelling by plane?
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THE FUTURE OF ENGLISH
Is English set to dominate the world? It is more widespread than any language has ever been and
it is said to be the world's standard language. It is used globally in business, diplomacy, sport, music,
advertising and technology. A fifth of the world's population speaks it to some level of competence, and
everybody seems to want it written on their T-shirts.
Will this dominance continue and increase until English is spoken absolutely everywhere? Many
think that the answer is obvious: yes. However, not everyone is so certain. Some experts claim that the
uncontrolled expansion of English is leading it towards disintegration. In fact, some variants like
Spanglish, Japlish or Chinglish, a mix of English with other local languages, are emerging. Besides, 'new
Englishes' are also appearing. Today British and American culture set the norms for English, but, since
Indian and African English increase in importance, the balance of power might change. In fact, the
number of second-language speakers is, for the first time, greater than the number of native English
speakers.
What is the future for English, then? Should we be confident or alarmed? The simple truth is that
no language has ever been in such a position before. The closest comparison is perhaps with Latin,
before it split into the Romance languages. Could English be about to disintegrate? Only time will tell.
(A) COMPREHENSION (4 points)
A.- ANSWER QUESTIONS 1-2 ACCORDING TO THE INFORMATION GIVEN IN THE TEXT.
USE YOUR OWN WORDS. (1 point per answer)
1) Why is English considered to be the world’s standard language?
2) Do people agree about the future of English?
3) Is English going to disappear as it continues to expand?
B.- ARE THESE STATEMENTS TRUE OR FALSE? JUSTIFY YOUR ANSWER WITH THE
PRECISE WORDS OR PHRASES FROM THE TEXT OR USE YOUR OWN WORDS. (0.5 points per
answer)
4) No other language has been as extended as English.
5) The position of Latin was once the same as the position of English today.
(B) USE OF ENGLISH (3 points)
6) Which word does not have the same meaning? (0.25)
IN FACT ACTUALLY
INDEED THEREFORE
26) Find in the text one synonym for GROW (verb). (0.25)
27) Give one synonym for CERTAIN (adjective) (line 6). (0.25)
28) Find in the text the word which has the following definition: (0.25) “The ability to do something
well or effectively.” (noun).
29) Put the following sentence into the active voice. (0.5)
English is said to be the world's standard language.
11) Give a question to this answer: (0.5)
Chinglish is a mix of Chinese and English.
12) Rewrite the sentence without changing its meaning. Begin as indicated. (0.5)
Roberto has studied French for 10 years. However, he can’t speak it fluently.
Although…
13) Fill in the gap with the correct form of the verb in brackets. (0.5)
David is looking forward to ____________________ (travel) to England.
(C) PRODUCTION (3 points)
14) Write a composition of approximately 120 words. Choose ONE of the following options. Specify
your option.
a. Do you think there should be a universal language?
b. Do you like studying foreign languages?
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WIND OF CHANGE?
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The whole world is worried about energy. Oil supplies are limited and prices are high. Gas and
electricity costs are going up quickly. In the search for cheaper, renewable power, Britain has one big
advantage: the weather. Britain is actually the windiest country in Europe, which is good news for the
supply of green energy, according to some experts.
A recent report by the Environmental Change Institute in Oxford shows that the wind is blowing
somewhere in the UK every single day. This means that wind power can generate energy all year around
if wind farms are situated in the right places around the country. And the windmills in these wind farms
generate huge amounts of electricity.
Not everyone finds wind turbines attractive, however. Opponents claim that they are ugly, noisy
and affect wildlife. But wind farms are certainly less noisy and dangerous to animals than roads, and
more environmentally friendly than nuclear, coal or gas power stations. In fact, only three per cent of the
UK public opposes the building of wind farms, while 90 per cent support the use of renewable energy.
Still, many people don’t want a wind turbine in their back garden. “Wind power is one of the cleanest
forms of generation. So, would you prefer to have a gas power station next to your home? I would
definitely choose a wind farm instead”, says Germana Canzi, an Italian scientist.
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(A) COMPREHENSION (4 points)
A.- ANSWER QUESTIONS 1-2 ACCORDING TO THE INFORMATION GIVEN IN THE TEXT.
USE YOUR OWN WORDS. (1 point per answer)
1) Why is Britain one of the best places to set wind farms?
2) According to the Environmental Change Institute, what are the main advantages of wind farms in
Britain? Name two.
3) Why does Germana Canzi use a gas power station as an example?
B.- ARE THESE STATEMENTS TRUE OR FALSE? JUSTIFY YOUR ANSWER WITH THE
PRECISE WORDS OR PHRASES FROM THE TEXT OR USE YOUR OWN WORDS. (0.5 points per
answer)
4) Most British people are against wind farms.
5) Germana Canzi thinks that gas power is as good as wind energy.
(B) USE OF ENGLISH (3 points)
30)
31)
32)
33)
Find in the text one opposite for LITTLE (adjective). (0.25)
Find in the text one synonym for QUANTITY (noun). (0.25)
Give a noun with the same root as SCIENTIST (line 15). (0.25)
Complete the series with another adjective:
MESSY
UGLY
NOISY …
34) Put the following sentence into the passive voice. (0.5)
They have built a new wind farm near my house
11) Give a question to this answer: (0.5)
I went to the doctor because I was feeling ill.
12) Change the following sentence into reported speech. (0.5)
Deborah said: “I like seeing the windmills on this hill.”
13) Complete the following sentence: (0.5)
If I were you, ...
(C) PRODUCTION (3 points)
14) Write a composition of approximately 120 words. Choose ONE of the following options. Specify
your option.
a.
Do you think wind energy is the best?
b.
Would you live in Britain?
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