Australian Blue Water Observing System Updates

Australian Bluewater Observing System
(IMOS ABOS)
Tom Trull
27 May 2013, OceanSITES Steering Committee, Seoul
Wealth from Oceans/CAWCR Ocean Observation, Assessment and Prediction
ABOS at a glance
RAMA
Plus 9 coastal sites
www.imos.org.au,
ANMN facility
•Sites from the tropics to the ice
•Indonesian Through-Flow
•East Australian Current
•Sub-Antarctic Zone
•Ice-edge Mertz Polynya
•IMOS funded data from 2008 onwards
available via www.imos.org.au
•ITF and EAC are boundary current
arrrays
•Polynya monitors AABW production
•SOTS is multi-disciplinary
Histories vary:
2013 Highlight: ABOS Complete
The ABOS Facility fully functioning as of April 2012
2013 Lowlights:
with the deployment of the East Australia Current
(EAC) mooring
array. 2013
IMOS unfunded beyond
30 June
The installation of the full deep-ocean observing
system provides an exciting expansion of our ability
to track multi-decadal climate change, and to
improve our understanding and prediction of both
climate variability in the Australian region and
global climate.
Stopgap 22% budget from universities to Sept 2014.
Staff cuts
Minimalist approach for observing
Data portal and head office maintained
Ongoing funding uncertain - election in September.
Mertz Glacier
B9-B
IMOS mooring
3 |
IMOS Annual Meeting 2013| Bernadette Sloyan
Polynya moorings (Steve Rintoul):
3 near-bottom CTD-current meter moorings to
monitor AABW overflow out of Mertz polynya
Feb 2013 Steve Rintoul:
“The mooring site is still covered by
heavy sea ice. If this is the new
regime as a result of the collapse of
the Mertz Glacier tongue, it may
mean the end of the polynya program
as presently planned – we can’t work
where we planned unless the ice
regime changes again. ”
4 | IMOS Annual Meeting 2013| Bernadette Sloyan
Polynya Moorings
UPDATE:
Feb-Mar 2013 6 week voyage on RV
Tangaroa (NIWA-ACECRC):
1. Existing moorings could NOT be
recovered because of heavy ice.
2. Replacement moorings were
returned to Hobart undeployed.
3. Next attempt Feb 2014 using RV
Aurora Australis – moorings likely
to be moved – collaborations
sought.
4. Some forward funding secured via
ACE-CRC continuation, future of
IMOS funding unknown.
SO NO DATA YET FROM THIS PROJECT
5 | IMOS Annual Meeting 2013| Bernadette Sloyan
East Australian Current Array (Ken Ridgway)
UPDATE:
Five subsurface T-S-current
meter-PIES moorings were
EAC will be recovered in September
after(thefirst
deployed2013
in April 2012.
of 1 broke away) (Funds
16 month deployment and NOTtopredeployed.
to re-start are being sought.)
SO NO DATA YET FROM THIS PROJECT
6 | IMOS Annual Meeting 2013 Bernadette Sloyan
Timor Passage and Ombai Moorings (Bernadette
Sloyan): ITF monitoring - CTDs, current meters
PIES
Position of the Timor Passage
and Ombai moorings (yellow
circles within red box). Also
shown are four shelf and coastal
moorings that complete the
Timor Passage array. The shelf
and coastal moorings are
maintained by AIMS as part of
the northern IMOS observation
program. The black dotted lines
are altimetry ground tracks
7 | IMOS Annual Meeting 2013| Bernadette Sloyan
ITF Mooring Recovery and deployment
UPDATE:
Second ITF deployment will be recovered in June
2014 using new RV Investigator, and hopefully
•Successful recovery and redeployment of Timor
redeployed (funds for
subsequent recovery are not
Passage and Ombai moorings was completed in
September
2012.
yet allocated, but there
is agreement
that it is high
•Near complete data return.
priority.)
•Data quality control is now underway and data will be
sent to IMOS by June 2013.
SO FULL DATA AVAILABLE FROM FIRST 14 MONTHS
8 | IMOS Annual Meeting 2013| Bernadette Sloyan
SOTS: west flowing
limb of super-gyre, upper limb of overturning
Ridgway and Dunn, 2007
ACC
SAMW
AAIW
5 – 30 cm s-1
MOC
Antarctica
Currents at 200m
SAZ Sediment Trap Mooring
• Stiff subsurface design
• Paired traps and current
meters at 1000, 2000,
3800m
• McLane Parflux funnels
• Indented rotating sphere
zooplankton excluding insitu settling columns
SOFS Air-Sea Flux Mooring
•
•
•
•
•
•
ASIMET Meteorology
ADCP currents
Accelerometer waves
NOAA pCO2
Sea Surface T,S,O2, Fl-BB
AWCP zooplankton
Pulse BGC Mooring
• 1 m diameter, 0.5m freeboard float
• Elastic decoupler, inertial mass, Stether, integrated instrument package
•
•
•
Aanderaa Optode O2
Seabird T, S, Electrode O2
Pro-Oceanus Gas Tension
• Mclane RAS 24x2x500ml water
samples: nutrients, DIC, Alk, Phyto ID
• Wetlabs PAR, Fluo-Backscatter
• ISUS UV nitrate sensor
Intake outside shroud
through 1mm screen
No filtration
Backflushing with mercuric
chloride instead of acid
Samples collected in pairs:
HgCl2 for nutrients, DIC, Alk,
13C-DIC
Buffered/Si-enriched
glutaraldehyde for
microscopy
SAZ biological carbon pump – steady success
1000 m
2000 m
Three most recent
years of SAZ mooring
deployments
recovered faultless
records
(Steve Bray, ACE CRC)
Some seasonal
features persist down
into the ocean
interior.
Some years much of
the flux occurs before
mid-January; other
years it occurs later.
3800 m
Integrated annual flux
variability ~2-fold
even in the deep
ocean.
SAZ: biological carbon pump – recent results
IRS
Time Series Carousel
First comparison of Mclane Parflux Funnel traps (the standard
deep ocean trap used by SOTS, BATS, HOT, KNOT, and other
global time series) , with a cylindrical Indented Rotating
Sphere(IRS) trap, designed to exclude zooplankton. IRS fluxes
are lower ,with somewhat subdued features. Further tests
are required to evaluate the implications, including examining
zooplankton distributions as estimated from the Acoustic
Water Column Profiler deployed on the SOFS mooring.
SOFS (Flux Mooring) – First Publications
Temp (deg C)
SST(blue) & Air Temperature (red)
15
10
5
Specific Hum. (g/kg)
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
700
800
900
1000
700
800
900
1000
Specific Humidity
10
8
6
4
100
200
300
400
500
600
Wind speed (m/s)
Wind speed
15
10
•Have 2 years of data spanning Mar 2010 –
Jan 2013 from 3 deployments
•Building picture of inter-annual variability
(See publication Schulz et al., GRL 2012)
•Adding additional upper ocean observing
capability -ADCP, AWCP, ocean turbulence,
tempeture sensors in mixed layer (0- 500m).
5
100
200
300
400
500
600
-2
Heat Flux (W m )
Latent(blue) & Sensible (green)
0
SOFS
-100
-200
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
800
900
1000
-2
Heat Flux (W m )
Shortwave(red) and Longwave(magenta)
300
200
100
0
-100
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
-2
Heat Flux (W m )
Net Heat Flux
SOFS-1,
2&3
200
0
-200
100
200
300
400
500
600
Year Day
700
15 | IMOS Annual Meeting 2013 Bernadette Sloyan
800
900
1000
2013 – second SOFS break – no data or gear losses
Recovered by Mirai, Jan 2013
Deployment location
July-Sept 2012
16 | IMOS Annual Meeting 2013 Bernadette Sloyan
•SOFS-3 deployed July 2012
•Drifted off watch circle
September 2012
•Buoy Recovered RV Mirai
January 2013
•Continued to collect and transmit
data
•Failure most likely due to kink in
line forming during deployment
•Heavy wave impacting on buoy
tower
•SOFS-4 built to same
specifications
Pulse: Oxygen ventilation, exchange terms, NCP
Pulse: NCP nitrate sampler&sensor results
4.50
ISUS sensor Nitrate and RAS bag nitrate
25
4.00
3.50
Pulse7 nutrients
Biofouling?
Replumbed for DI baselines in July 2012
Replumb for pumped mode in April 2013
12.00
2.50
15
2.00
1.50
8.00
0.50
0.00
nitrate uM
10.00
phosphate
silicate
6.00 nitrate
10
4.00
1.00
NCP over deployment:
89 mg C m-2
Very sensitive to mld
14.00
3.00
Nitrate uM
phosphate silicate uM
20
16.00
2.00
5
ISUS
RAS
0.00
0
2010-09-12 2010-10-02 2010-10-22 2010-11-11 2010-12-01 2010-12-21 2011-01-10
Pulse: NCP –Predictive Capacity requires Biology
Diatoms
Ciliates
RAS phytoplankton identification, Ruth Eriksen
Pulse AWCP bio-acoustics - shallower diel cycle in December
38 kHz
Night
l ~4cm
Day
Night
Day
Depth below surface (m)
35
70
105
140
175
210
Surface
reflection
SOTS & SOFS Data Holdings
UPDATE:
All moorings redeployed in May 2013, for
recovery in March 2014.
Currently NO funding to continue
Moderate priority if IMOS refunded
Some funding likely to be available for SAZ,
possibly Pulse from ACE CRC
Bio-Argo floats likely in September 2013
Filled= data in hand, open=collection underway, dashed=planned collection
21 | IMOS Annual Meeting 2013 Bernadette Sloyan
US/Aus RAMA Mooring – deployed July 2012 for possible turnaround July 2013
22 | Indonesian Through Flow and Repeat Hydrography| Bernadette Sloyan
QUESTIONS?

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