practices of interparliamentary coordination in international politics the European Union and beyond Edited by Ben Crum and John Erik Fossum © B. Crum and J. E. Fossum 2013 First published by the ECPR Press in 2013 The ECPR Press is the publishing imprint of the European Consortium for Political Research (ECPR), a scholarly association, which supports and encourages the training, research and cross-national cooperation of political scientists in institutions throughout Europe and beyond. ECPR Press University of Essex Wivenhoe Park Colchester CO4 3SQ UK All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Typeset by Anvi Printed and bound by Lightning Source British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Hardback ISBN: 978–1-907301–30–8 www.ecpr.eu/ecprpress ECPR – Studies in European Political Science Series Editors: Dario Castiglione (University of Exeter) Peter Kennealy (European University Institute) Alexandra Segerberg (Stockholm University) Peter Triantafillou (Roskilde University) ECPR – Studies in European Political Science is a series of high-quality edited volumes on topics at the cutting edge of current political science and political thought. All volumes are research-based offering new perspectives in the study of politics with contributions from leading scholars working in the relevant fields. Most of the volumes originate from ECPR events including the Joint Sessions of Workshops, the Research Sessions, and the General Conferences. 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National Scrutiny Mechanisms in the EU Chapter Two: Learning from the Best? Interparliamentary Networks and the Parliamentary Scrutiny of EU Decision-Making Aron Buzogány17 Chapter Three: Cooperation among National Parliaments: An Effective Contribution to EU Legitimation? Viera Knutelská33 Chapter Four: Deliberation in the Multilevel Parliamentary Field: The Seasonal Workers Directive as a Test Case Ian Cooper51 Part II. Interparliamentary Interaction in Different Policy Domains Chapter Five: Interparliamentary Coordination in Single Market PolicyMaking: The EU Services Directive Ben Crum and Eric Miklin71 Chapter Six: Coordination Practices in the Parliamentary Control of Justice and Home Affairs Agencies: The Case of Europol Daniel Ruiz de Garibay87 Chapter Seven: Parliaments at the Water’s Edge: The EU’s Naval Mission Atalanta Dirk Peters, Wolfgang Wagner and Cosima Glahn105 vi practices of interparliamentary coordination in international politics Chapter Eight: An Asymmetric Two-Level Game: Parliaments in the Euro Crisis Arthur Benz125 Part III. Actor Perspectives Chapter Nine: EU Parliaments After the Treaty of Lisbon: Towards a Parliamentary Field? Johannes Pollak and Peter Slominski143 Chapter Ten: The ‘Back Door’ to National Politics: The French Greens and the 2009 European Parliament Elections Yoav Shemer-Kunz161 Chapter Eleven: Women in Europe: Recruitment, Practices and Social Institutionalisation of the European Political Field Willy Beauvallet and Sébastien Michon175 Part IV. Beyond the EU Chapter Twelve: Who is Coming? Attendance Patterns in the NATO and WEU Parliamentary Assemblies Wolfgang Wagner195 Chapter Thirteen: The Institutionalisation of a Parliamentary Dimension of the WTO Hilmar Rommetvedt213 Part V. Democratic Implications Chapter Fourteen: The European Union: Parliamentary Wasteland or Parliamentary Field? Christopher Lord235 Chapter Fifteen: Conclusion: Towards a Democratic Multilevel Parliamentary Field? Ben Crum and John Erik Fossum251 Bibliography269 List of Interviewees 297 Index299 list of figures and tables Figures Figure 9.1: Distribution of decision-making procedures on EU competences147 Figure 9.2: Number of documents filed on IPEX by parliamentary chamber152 Figure 9.3: Total number of binding opinions in both Austrian EU affairs committees155 Figure 9.4: Total number of meetings, incoming and discussed documents in the main committee 155 Figure 12.1: Member delegations’ attendance rates at NATO-PA sessions 203 Tables Table 2.1: A typology of interparliamentary networks 21 Table 2.2: The strength of parliamentary scrutiny in the EU (2005) 24 Table 3.1: Timely completion of the coordinated tests of subsidiarity checks40 Table 3.2: Interparliamentary cooperation in the coordinated test of subsidiarity checks 41 Table 3.3: Use of IPEX by national parliamentary chambers 44 Table 3.4: Number of opinions received by the Commission from national parliaments46 Table 6.1: Preferences of actors at the start of the Europol negotiations 93 Table 8.1: Possible constellations of the Multilevel Parliamentary Field 132 Table 10.1: Green candidates in presidential elections in France (1974–2012)164 Table 10.2: Green lists in EP elections (1979–2009) 164 Table 11.1: Proportions of sixth term MEPs having previously exercised a national mandate or having been a member of government, according to country of election 179 viii practices of interparliamentary coordination in international politics Table 11.2: Indicators of seniority in the EP, according to country of election of the sixth term MEPs (in decreasing order) 180 Table 11.3: Distribution of occupation and degree level of sixth term MEPs 181 Table 11.4: Gender distribution depending on country of election of the sixth term MEPs (ranked in descending order of % of women) 183 Table 11.5: Distribution of occupation and degree level of the sixth term MEPs according to gender 185 Table 12.1: Ranking of NATO-PA delegations by order of attendance rate (highest to lowest) 205 Table 12.2: Status groups in the WEU-PA 207 Table 12.3: Comparative means NATO-PA 208 Table 12.4: Comparative means WEU-PA 208 Table 12.5: Comparative means NATO-PA by year 208 Table 12.6: Comparative means WEU-PA by year 209 Table 12.A1: Mean attendance of delegations to WEU-PA 211