ྛᅜ䞉ᆅᇦ䛾㖟⾜ᣐⅬ䛜᭷䛩䜛ᑐእ㈇മ⥲㢠䛾᥎⛣䛸ᅜ䞉ᆅᇦูෆヂ 㻌 㐣ཤ䠏䠌ᖺ㛫䚸䜸䝣䝅䝵䜰䞉䝉䞁䝍䞊䠄䠫䠟䠅䠄ὀ䠍䠅䛾㖟⾜ᣐⅬ䛿䚸䜋䜌୍㈏䛧䛶ୡ⏺᭱䛾ᑐእ㈇മ䠄㡸㔠➼䠅 ṧ㧗䠄ὀ䠎䠅䜢᭷䛧䛶䛚䜚䚸䠎䠌䠍䠑ᖺ䠏᭶⌧ᅾ䚸䠐䠊䠏䟊䛾㡸㔠➼䜢ᇦእ䛛䜙ཷ䛡ධ䜜䛶䛔䜛䚹 35,000,000 (༢䠖billion USD) OC(16%) 30,000,000 䛭䛾 (21%) ఀ(2%) 䝹䜽䝉䞁䝤䝹䜽(3%) ⹒(4%) (4%) ୡ⏺䛾㖟⾜ᣐⅬ䛜᭷䛩䜛 ᑐእമົ⥲㢠䛾᥎⛣ (1.3䟊) 30,000 䝧䝹䜼䞊(3%) ᪥(3%) 䝇䜲䝇 ⱥ(15%) 25,000,000 25,000 1998ᖺ 8䟊 ᪥ ⊂(6%) 䝇䜲䝇 (8%) (6%) 䛭䛾 䝹䜽䝉䞁䝤䝹䜽(3%) ᪥ᮏ ⹒(3%) (4%) 䝹䜽䝉䞁䝤䝹䜽 ⡿(14%) 20,000,000 20,000 䛭䛾 (19%) 䝇䜲䝇(5%) 䝣䝷䞁䝇 (2%) OC(18%) 䜰䜲䝹䝷䞁䝗(2%) ⹒(3%) 䝇䜲䝇(3%) 5,000 ⡿(15%) 5,000,000 ᪥(3%) ⊂(4%) 䝹䜽䝉䞁䝤䝹䜽(3%) OC(17%) (4.3䟊) 2015ᖺ 25䟊 ⊂ (5%) (7%) ⱥ(17%) ⡿(14%) 2014 2012 2010 2008 2006 2004 2002 2000 1998 1996 1994 1992 1990 1988 1986 1984 1982 0 1980 䝇䜲䝇 ᪥ ⱥ(14%) (8%) (10%) ⊂ ⡿(15%) (7%) 䛭䛾 (26%) 䜸䝣䝅䝵䜰䞉䝉䞁䝍䞊 10,000 10,000,000 1 10 (7,400൨䟊) 1988ᖺ 4䟊 (5.5䟊) 䜰䝯䝸䜹 䜲䜼䝸䝇 ⹒(2%) 䝧䝹䜼䞊(3%) (4%) 2008ᖺ OC(18%) 31䟊 䝗䜲䝒 15,000 15,000,000 䛭䛾 䝹䜽䝉䞁䝤䝹䜽 (19%) ⱥ(19%) 䠄ὀ1䠅 䜸䝣䝅䝵䜰䞉䝉䞁䝍䞊䠄BISᐃ⩏䠅䠖ᙜヱᅜ䛾⤒῭つᶍ䛻㔮ྜ䛔䛺つᶍ䛾㠀ᒃఫ⪅䛸䛾እ㈌ᘓ䛶ྲྀᘬ䜢⾜䛳䛶䛔䜛㔠⼥䝉䜽䝍䞊䜢᭷䛩䜛ᅜ䞉ᆅᇦ䚹 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 ⹒㡿䜰䝹䝞䚸䝞䝝䝬䚸䝞䞊䝺䞊䞁䚸䝞䝹䝞䝗䝇䚸䝞䝭䝳䞊䝎䚸䜿䜲䝬䞁ㅖᓥ䚸䜻䝳䝷䝋䞊䚸䝆䝤䝷䝹䝍䝹䚸䜺䞊䞁䝆䞊䚸㤶 䚸䝬䞁ᓥ䚸䝆䝱䞊䝆䞊䚸䝺䝞䝜䞁䚸䝬䜹䜸䚸䝰䞊䝸䝅䝱䝇䚸⹒㡿䜰䞁䝔䜱䝹䚸 䝟䝘䝬䚸䝃䝰䜰䚸䝅䞁䜺䝫䞊䝹䚸䝉䜲䞁䝖䞉䝬䞊䝔䜱䞁䚸䝞䝚䜰䝒䚸ⱥ㡿す䜲䞁䝗ㅖᓥ 䠄ὀ2䠅 ᑐእ㈇മ䠄BISᐃ⩏䠅䠖ྛᅜ㖟⾜ᣐⅬ䛻䜘䜛䜽䝻䝇䝪䞊䝎䞊䛾മົ䠄㡸㔠䞉ධ㔠➼䠅䚸ཬ䜃ྛᅜ䛻ᣐⅬ䜢⨨䛟እ㈨⣔㔠⼥ᶵ㛵䛾ᙜヱᅜ䛛䜙䛾እ㈌䞉⌧ᆅ㏻㈌ᘓ䛶ධ㔠䛷䛒䜚䚸㛵㐃⪅䛸䛾ྲྀᘬ䜒ྵ䜐䚹 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 ͤ 䝕䞊䝍ฟ䠖 BIS _Local Banking Statistics (External positions of reporting banks vis-䞉vis all sectors)㻌 㻌 㻌 6 ୡ⏺䛾▱㈈➼⏝ᩱ䛻ಀ䜛䜽䝻䝇䝪䞊䝎䞊ཷྲྀ㢠䛾᥎⛣ 䛝䛺⤒῭ⓗຍ౯್䛾※Ἠ䛷䛒䜛▱ⓗ㈈⏘➼䛾䚸ᅜቃ䜢㉺䛘䛯⏝ᩱ䛾ཷྲྀ㢠䛿㐣ཤ䠎䠌ᖺ䛷⣙䠓ಸ䛻ᣑ䚹 ⏝ᩱཷྲྀᅜ䛾䝖䝑䝥䛿୍㈏䛧䛶⡿ᅜ䚹䛧䛛䛧䝅䜵䜰䛿పୗഴྥ䚹᪥ᮏ䛿ୡ⏺➨3䛾≉チ⏝ᩱཷྲྀᅜ䚹 ⮬ᅜᒃఫ⪅䛜Ṥ䛹≉チ䜢ฟ㢪䛧䛶䛚䜙䛪䚸◊✲㛤Ⓨ㈝䛾ᑐGDPẚ䜒䛾せᅜ䛸ẚ䛧䛶పỈ‽䛾⹒䚸ⱥ䛜䚸ୡ⏺䝖䝑䝥䝺 䝧䝹䛾▱ⓗ㈈⏘⏝ᩱཷྲྀᅜ䛸䛧䛶Ꮡᅾឤ䜢♧䛧䛶䛔䜛䚹 䛆ୡ⏺䛾≉チⓏ㘓௳ᩘ䛾ฟ㢪⪅ᒃఫᅜูෆヂ䛇 䛆▱㈈➼⏝ᩱ䛻ಀ䜛䜽䝻䝇䝪䞊䝎䞊ཷྲྀ㢠ୖ䠍䠌䛛ᅜ䛾ෆヂ䛇 䜰䜲䝹䝷䞁䝗(2%) ⍞(3%) ⍞(1%) ⹒(1.4%) 䝇䜲䝇(2%) ⱥ(2%) (3%) 䛭䛾 (11%) ⊂(4%) 2014ᖺ 3,219൨ 䝗䝹 (4%) 䝇䜲䝇(6%) ⡿(45%) ୰(31%) ⊂(7%) 㡑(9%) ⱥ(6%) ⡿(40%) 2014ᖺ ᖺ 268௳ ᪥(17%) ᪥(11%) ⹒(11%) 䠄༢䠖䠂䠅 䛭䛾 (11%) ⡿(19%) 䠄༢䠖10൨䝗䝹䠅 4 3.5 3 350 ▱ⓗ㈈⏘➼⏝ R&Dᢞ㈨ᑐྡ┠ ᩱཷྲྀ⥲㢠䠄ྑ 䠣䠠䠬ẚ䠄ᕥ㍈䠅 ㍈䠅 ⊂ 䠄䜾䝻䝇䚸ୡ⏺䠅 2.5 ᪥ ⱥ 300 250 ⹒ ⡿ 200 2 150 1.5 100 1 50 0.5 0 0 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 䠄䝕䞊䝍ฟ䠅䞉▱ⓗ㈈⏘➼ཷྲྀᡭᩘᩱ䠖IMF BOP Statistics 䞉R&Dᑐྡ┠GDPẚ䠖OECD Research and Development Statistics 7 ᪥ᮏ䛛䜙䛾せ┤᥋ᢞ㈨䞉ドๆᢞ㈨ඛ䛾ኚ㻌 䠄䠍䠕䠕䠒ᖺ䚸䠎䠌䠍䠐ᖺ䠅 ᪥ᮏ䛾ᑐእ┤ᢞṧ㧗䛿㐣ཤ䠎䠌ᖺ䛷⣙䠑ಸ䛻ቑຍ䚸≉䛻୰ᅜཬ䜃䜸䝷䞁䝎ྥ䛡┤ᢞ䛜㐣ཤ䠎䠌ᖺ䛷䠍䠌ಸ௨ୖᣑ䚹䜎䛯䚸 䝅䞁䜺䝫䞊䝹䚸㤶 䛻ຍ䛘䚸䜿䜲䝬䞁ㅖᓥ䛜㔠⼥ᴗ䜢୰ᚰ䛻せ䛺┤ᢞඛ䛻ຍ䜟䛳䛶䛔䜛䚹 ᪥ᮏ䛾ᑐእドๆᢞ㈨䜒䚸㐣ཤ䠎䠌ᖺ㛫䛷⣙䠐ಸ䛻ቑຍ䚹䠎䠌䠍䠐ᖺ䛻䛿䚸䜿䜲䝬䞁ㅖᓥ䛜䜰䝯䝸䜹䛻ḟ䛠䠒䠏䛾᪥ᮏ䛛䜙䛾 ドๆᢞ㈨ṧ㧗䜢᭷䛩䜛ඛ䛸䛧䛶Ꮡᅾឤ䜢㧗䜑䛶䛔䜛䚹 䠄༢䠖䠅 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 ᑐእ┤᥋ᢞ㈨⥲ṧ㧗 30 000 25 000 20 15 000 000 10 30 111 10 0 䠄༢䠖䠅 䠎䠌䠍䠐ᖺ 1 ,600,0 1,600,000 1,400,000 140 45 000 30 000 ᑐእドๆᢞ㈨⥲ṧ㧗 20 000 35 000 䠄༢䠖䠅 40 䠄༢䠖䠅 40 000 䠍䠕䠕䠒ᖺ 143 1,200,000 120 1,000,000 100 410 800,000 80 600,000 60 400,000 40 000 5 200,000 20 0 0 䠄䝕䞊䝍ฟ䠖㻌 ㈈ົ┬㻌 ᅜ㝿ᨭ⤫ィ䠅 8 ᪥ᮏ䛾▱ⓗ㈈⏘⏝ᩱᨭ䛾᥎⛣ ᪥ᮏ䛾▱ⓗ㈈⏘➼⏝ᩱ┈䛿䚸᪥ᮏᴗ䛾ᾏእᒎ㛤䛻క䛖ᾏእᏊ♫➼䛛䜙䛾ᡭᩘᩱᨭᡶ䛔䛜ቑຍ䛧䛯䛣䛸䜢⫼ᬒ䛻䚸 㐣ཤ䠎䠌ᖺ䛷䠏䠈䠐䠌䠌൨䛾ᨭᡶ㉸䛛䜙䚸䠎䠊䠐䛾ཷྲྀ㉸䜈䛸ⓗ䛻ቑຍ䚹䝃䞊䝡䝇ᨭ䛾㉥Ꮠᖜῶᑡ䛻㈉⊩䚹 ᪉䚸᪥ᮏ䛜▱ⓗ㈈⏘ᶒ➼䛾⏝ᩱ䜢᭱䜒ከ䛟ᨭᡶ䛳䛶䛔䜛ᅜ䛿᪥ᮏᴗ䛜ᆅᇦ⤫ᣓ♫➼䜢ከ䛟タ䛡䛶䛔䜛䝅䞁䜺 䝫䞊䝹䛸䛺䛳䛶䛔䜛䚹䜎䛯䜸䝷䞁䝎䛻䛴䛔䛶䜒㏆ᖺ᪥ᮏ䛛䜙䛾▱ⓗ㈈⏘⏝ᩱᨭᡶ䛔䛜ቑຍ䛩䜛ഴྥ䚹 䛆᪥ᮏ䛾▱ⓗ㈈⏘➼⏝ᩱᨭ䛾᥎⛣䛇 䠄䠅 3.5 ⴭసᶒ➼⏝ᩱᨭ ⏘ᴗ㈈⏘ᶒ➼⏝ᩱᨭ 3 ▱ⓗ㈈⏘ᶒ➼⏝ᩱᨭ 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 -0.5 -1 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 ᫇Εό ǰȭǹ 2004 2005 2006 ࠰ ǷȳǬȝȸȫ ǪȩȳȀ 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 䠄䝕䞊䝍ฟ䠖ᅜ㝿ᨭ⤫ィ䠅 9 䝬䜽䝻䝕䞊䝍ศᯒ䛛䜙ᑟ䛛䜜䜛♧၀ 䈜㻌 ⛒⛯ᅇ㑊䝸䝇䜽䜢䜘䜚ヲ⣽䛻ᢕᥱ䞉ศᯒ䛩䜛䛯䜑䛻䛿䚸⤫ィ䝕䞊䝍䛾ᩚഛ䛜ᚲせ䚹 䠍䠊䜾䝻䞊䝞䝹⤒῭䛻䛚䛡䜛᪂⯆ᅜ䞉㏵ୖᅜ䛾䝥䝺䝊䞁䝇ᣑ㻌 㻌 䕿㻌 䜾䝻䞊䝞䝹䛺⤒῭ཬ䜃㈨ᮏ⛣ື䛻䛚䛔䛶᪂⯆ᅜ䞉㏵ୖᅜ䛾Ꮡᅾឤ䛜ቑ䛧䛶䛔䜛䛣䛸䛛䜙䚸ᅜ㝿ㄢ⛯䛻㛵䛩䜛༠ຊ䜒䚸᪂ ⯆ᅜ䞉㏵ୖᅜ䛾ཧຍ䜢ᚓ䛺䛜䜙⾜䛖ᚲせ䚹㻌 㻌 䕿㻌 ᪥ᮏᴗ䛾ᾏእᒎ㛤ඛ䛿⡿ᅜ䞉୰ᅜ䞉㻭㻿㻱㻭㻺䛷⣙䠓䚸୰䛷䜒୰ᅜ䛜䠑ᙅ䛸䛝䛺ྜ䜢༨䜑䛶䛔䜛䚹᪂⯆ᅜ䞉㏵ୖᅜ 䛜ᅜ㝿ㄢ⛯䛾䜾䝻䞊䝞䝹䞉䝇䝍䞁䝎䞊䝗䛻䝁䝭䝑䝖䛩䜛䜘䛖ಁ䛩䛣䛸䛜㔜せ䚹㻌 㻌 䠎䠊䜾䝻䞊䝞䝹䛺┤᥋ᢞ㈨䛾ቑຍ䛸ኚ㉁㻌 㻌 䕿㻌 䜽䝻䝇䝪䞊䝎䞊䛾┤ᢞ䛾つᶍ䛜ቑ䛧䛶䛔䜛䛰䛡䛷䛺䛟䚸୍㒊䛾ᑠᅜ䛻䛚䛔䛶䚸⮬ᅜ䛾䠣䠠䠬䜢䛿䜛䛛䛻ୖᅇ䜛つᶍ䛾┤ ᢞ䛜㈨⏘䞉㈇മ୧ᘓ䛶䛷ィୖ䛥䜜䚸ᢞ㈨䛾ᑟ⟶䛸䛧䛶ά⏝䛥䜜䜛ഴྥ䛜㢧ⴭ䛻䚹㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䋻㻌 ᢞ㈨ඛ䛻䛚䛡䜛ᐇ㉁ⓗ䛺⤒῭άື௨እ䛾┠ⓗ䛷⏝䛥䜜䜛䜽䝻䝇䝪䞊䝎䞊䛾┤᥋ᢞ㈨䚸㛵㐃⪅㛫ྲྀᘬ䛻ᑐᛂ䛷䛝䜛 䜘䛖䚸ᅜ㝿ㄢ⛯䝹䞊䝹䜢ぢ┤䛧䛶䛔䛟䛣䛸䛜ᚲせ䚹㻌 㻌 䠏䠊䜸䝣䝅䝵䜰䞉䝉䞁䝍䞊䛻䛚䛡䜛㈨ᮏ✚㻌 㻌 䕿㻌 䛔䜟䜖䜛䜸䝣䝅䝵䜰䞉䝉䞁䝍䞊䛻ከ㢠䛾㡸㔠䛜✚䜏䛒䛜䜛ഴྥ䛜⥅⥆䚹㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䋻㻌 䜸䝣䝅䝵䜰䞉䝉䞁䝍䞊⏝≧ἣ䛾㏱᫂ᛶ䛾ྥୖ䛜ᚲせ䚹㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䋻㻌 䜸䝣䝅䝵䜰䞉䝉䞁䝍䞊䛜䜻䝱䝑䝅䝳䝪䝑䜽䝇䛸䛧䛶⏝䛥䜜䛯ሙྜ䛻䚸㐺ษ䛺ㄢ⛯䛜☜ಖ䛷䛝䜛䜘䛖䚸㛵㐃䛩䜛ไᗘ䛾ᙉ 䛜ᚲせ䚹㻌 㻌 䠐䠊▱ⓗ㈈⏘䛾㔜せᛶ䛾㧗䜎䜚䛸䚸▱㈈㛤Ⓨ䛸▱㈈⏝ᩱ䛾ཷྲྀ䚸▱㈈⏝䛸ᨭᡶ䛔䛸䛾㛫䛾䜼䝱䝑䝥Ⓨ⏕㻌 㻌 㻌 䕿㻌 ▱ⓗ㈈⏘ᶒ䛿䚸⌧௦䛾ᴗ┈䛾䛝䛺※Ἠ䛷䛒䜚䚸ᨻᗓ䛻䛸䛳䛶䛾㔜せ䛺⛯※䛷䛒䜚䚸᪥ᮏ䜒▱ⓗ㈈⏘➼⏝ᩱ ᨭ䛾㯮Ꮠ䛜ᖺ䚻ᣑ䚹㻌 㻌 䕿㻌 ᪉䛷▱㈈䛿ྍືᛶ䛜㧗䛟䚸⛒⛯ᅇ㑊䛻⏝䛔䜙䜜᫆䛔䚹䝬䜽䝻䝕䞊䝍䛛䜙䛿ุู䛷䛝䛺䛔䛜䚸ᚋ䛿䚸▱ⓗ㈈⏘ᶒ䜢㍍ㄢ ⛯ᅜ䛻⛣㌿䛩䜛䛣䛸䛻䜘䜛䝍䝑䜽䝇䞉䝥䝷䞁䝙䞁䜾䛾䝸䝇䜽䜒㧗䜎䜛䛸ண䛥䜜ὀព䛜ᚲせ䚹㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 䋻㻌 ◊✲㛤Ⓨᢞ㈨つᶍ䜔≉チฟ㢪௳ᩘ䛻ẚ䛧䛶䚸䝻䜲䝲䝹䝔䜱ධ䛾㧗䛔ᅜ䜈䛾┈⛣㌿䝸䝇䜽䛻䛿␃ព䛜ᚲせ䚹䜎䛯䚸 ⤒῭つᶍ䛻ẚ䛧䛶䝻䜲䝲䝹䝔䜱ᨭᡶ䛔䛜㧗䛔ᅜ䛻䛴䛔䛶䜒ᐇ䜢䜘䜚䛴䜆䛥䛻ぢᴟ䜑䜛ᚲせ䚹㻌 10
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