IPA素性：気流と発声

IPA素性:階層性
Suprasegmentals
Speech
sounds
Segments
[±segment]
Vowels
(Pulmonic)
Pulmonic
Consonants
[±consonant]
Non-pulmonic
Click
[±pulmonic]
Implosive
Ejective
[Click]
[Implosive]
[Ejective]
14
IPA素性：気流と発声
IPA気流・発声素性
音韻素性
[-pulmonic]
[Click] [ǃ]
[Implosive] [ɓ]
[Ejective] [t’]
(sonorants)
[±constricted glottis]
[±creaky] [a̰ ] vs. [a]
[±breathy] [a̤ ] vs. [a]
(obstruents) [±aspirated] [tʰ] vs. [t]
[±voiced] [d] vs. [t]
15
[±spread glottis]
[±voiced]
IPA素性：調音点
Labial
[bilabial]–[labiodental]
Coronal
([linguolabial]–)
[retroflex]
[dental]–[alveolar]–[postalveolar]
[alveolo-palatal]
–[apical]
([±laminal])
–[laminal]
Dorsal
[palatal]–[velar]–[uvular]
Gattural
[pharyngeal]–[glottal]
16
IPA素性：調音法
IPA調音法の８範疇は(1), (2), (3)の組み合わせ
(1) Stricture
• Degree: [stop]-[fricative]-[approximant]
• Trilling: [trill]-[tap/flap]
(2) Laterality: [±lateral]
(3) Nasality: [±nasal]
Cf. [ɺ] lateral flap
17
IPA素性：母音
主要素性
Lip-position: [±rounded]
Backness: [front]–[central]–[back]
(=[palatal])
(=[velar])
Height: [close]–[close-mid]–[open-mid]–[open]
(=[approximant])
付加的素性
Nasalized [ã]
Advanced/retracted tongue root [e]
̘ /[e]̙
Pharyngealized [aˤ]
Rhoticity (rhotacized)[a˞]
Phonation
[a̤, a̰, ḁ]
18

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