Bil Î De ˙ Pal ƒ Ve Ï Uv

THE INTERNATIONAL PHON
CONSONANTS
文献における (PULMONIC)
[ ǀ ǃ ǂ ǁ ] の調音点の用語
ǀ
文献
Bilabial
Labiodental
Dentalǁ Alveolar Post alve
ǃ
ǂ
t d
dental
alveolar
lateral
Nasal
µ lateral n
dental
denti-alveolar
Trill dentir
alveolar
lateral
alveolar
palatal
Tap ordental
Flap
alveolar
v lateral |
retroflex
Fricative
dental
FalveolarB palato-alveolar
f v TalveolarDlaterals z S Z
Lateraldental
alveolar
palatal
lateral
Ò L
fricative
dental (post)alveolar palatoalveolar alveolar lateral
Approximant
√
®
Lateral
l
approximant
Bleek and
Lloyd (1911)
Plosivedental
Doke (1937)
Beach (1938)
Snyman (1975)
pcerebralb
palato-alveolar
m
alveolar
palatalı
palatal
lateral
Köhler (1981)
Maddieson
(1984)
Lad. & Mad.
(1996)
IPA (2015)
Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a v
クリックの調音点用語のIPA素性による整備
CONSONANTS (NON-PULMONIC)
Clicks
>
˘
!
¯
≤
Bilabial
Dental
(Post)alveolar
Palatoalveolar
Alveolar lateral
Ejectives
Voiced implosives
∫ Bilabial
’
dental
Îlaminal
Dental/alveolar
p’
alveolar
˙apicalPalatal
t’
Velarpalatal
ƒlaminal
k’
alveolar (lateral)
ÏapicalUvular
s’
Examples:
Bilabial
Dental/alveolar
Velar
Alveolar fricative
IPA (2015)
OTHER SYMBOLS
∑
8
Voiceless labial-velar fricative
ÇÛ
Alveolo-palatal fricatives
話者
(1)
ǃ
(2)
ǁ
(3)
ǀ
(4)
t
(5)
ǂ
(6)
c
A
B
C
D
E
図1. グイ語の[ǃ, ǁ, ǀ, t, ǂ, c]のパラトグラム 太線:口蓋と歯の境界、影:舌との接触部分、点線:上顎第1小臼歯をつなぐ線(硬口蓋先端付近)
(1)
ǃ
Apical
(2)
ǁ
(3)
ǀ
Laminal
(4)
ǂ
A
B
C
D
E
図2. グイ語の[ǃ, ǁ, ǀ, ǂ]のリングオグラム (矢印は前方閉鎖中心の最奥端を示す)
3
2
(1) ǃ
(3) ǀ
“Apical”
(2) ǁ
“Laminal” (4)
グイ語の/t c/のパラトグラムとリングォグラム
TSB
TSB
NOS
NOS
TSX
TSX
QXK
KHS
/t/
QXK
KHS
/c/
グイ語の/k q/のパラトグラム
/k/
QXK
KHS
TSX
KBG
NOS
/q/