THE INTERNATIONAL PHON CONSONANTS 文献における (PULMONIC) [ ǀ ǃ ǂ ǁ ] の調音点の用語 ǀ 文献 Bilabial Labiodental Dentalǁ Alveolar Post alve ǃ ǂ t d dental alveolar lateral Nasal µ lateral n dental denti-alveolar Trill dentir alveolar lateral alveolar palatal Tap ordental Flap alveolar v lateral | retroflex Fricative dental FalveolarB palato-alveolar f v TalveolarDlaterals z S Z Lateraldental alveolar palatal lateral Ò L fricative dental (post)alveolar palatoalveolar alveolar lateral Approximant √ ® Lateral l approximant Bleek and Lloyd (1911) Plosivedental Doke (1937) Beach (1938) Snyman (1975) pcerebralb palato-alveolar m alveolar palatalı palatal lateral Köhler (1981) Maddieson (1984) Lad. & Mad. (1996) IPA (2015) Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a v クリックの調音点用語のIPA素性による整備 CONSONANTS (NON-PULMONIC) Clicks > ˘ ! ¯ ≤ Bilabial Dental (Post)alveolar Palatoalveolar Alveolar lateral Ejectives Voiced implosives ∫ Bilabial ’ dental Îlaminal Dental/alveolar p’ alveolar ˙apicalPalatal t’ Velarpalatal ƒlaminal k’ alveolar (lateral) ÏapicalUvular s’ Examples: Bilabial Dental/alveolar Velar Alveolar fricative IPA (2015) OTHER SYMBOLS ∑ 8 Voiceless labial-velar fricative ÇÛ Alveolo-palatal fricatives 話者 (1) ǃ (2) ǁ (3) ǀ (4) t (5) ǂ (6) c A B C D E 図1. グイ語の[ǃ, ǁ, ǀ, t, ǂ, c]のパラトグラム 太線:口蓋と歯の境界、影:舌との接触部分、点線:上顎第1小臼歯をつなぐ線(硬口蓋先端付近) (1) ǃ Apical (2) ǁ (3) ǀ Laminal (4) ǂ A B C D E 図2. グイ語の[ǃ, ǁ, ǀ, ǂ]のリングオグラム (矢印は前方閉鎖中心の最奥端を示す) 3 2 (1) ǃ (3) ǀ “Apical” (2) ǁ “Laminal” (4) グイ語の/t c/のパラトグラムとリングォグラム TSB TSB NOS NOS TSX TSX QXK KHS /t/ QXK KHS /c/ グイ語の/k q/のパラトグラム /k/ QXK KHS TSX KBG NOS /q/
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