KZ-Gedenktafeln - Gemeinde Saal an der Donau

Tafel
Panel
1
KE
LH
EI
M
H ER R NSA AL
RE
GE
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U NTERSA AL
1
R I NGB ERG
2
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OB ERSA AL
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TEUGN
An sechs Standorten informieren Tafeln über das ehemalige KZ-Außenlager Saal.
Bayerische Vermessungsverwaltung, München
TA F E L / P A N E L
KZ-Außenlager Saal an der Donau (Standort: Bahnhof)
Das Häftlingslager / Alltag im Lager (Forstweg am Ringberg)
Die Verbrennungsstätte (Forstweg am Ringberg)
aufbauen.
Gröditz
LEIPZIG
Konzentrationslager Flossenbürg
Hirschstein (Neuhirschstein)
Flossenbürg Concentration Camp
Rochlitz Roßwein Nossen Dresden
DRESDEN
Zschachwitz
Mittweida
Hainichen
Pirna (Mockethal-Zatzschke)
Freiberg
Wolkenburg
Seifhennersdorf
Flöha
Porschdorf
Chemnitz
Öderan
JiïetÌn (Georgenthal)
Königstein
CHEMNITZ
Hohenstein-Ernstthal
Siegmar-Schönau
Rabπtejn (Rabstein)
Mülsen St. Micheln
Zschopau
Kamenickõ ©enov
Zwickau
Wilischthal
(Steinschönau)
Sa a
Venusberg
RtynÏ (Hertine)
Lengenfeld
Aue
JezeïÌ (Eisenberg)
LitomÏïice (Leitmeritz)
Mehltheuer
Schönheide
Most (Brüx)
Plauen
Lovosice (Lobositz)
Johanngeorgenstadt
Hauptlager
Main camp
Außenlager
le
Subcamp
Pottenstein
Würzburg
NÜRNBERG
Nürnberg
Nová Role
(Neu Rohlau)
KorunnÌ (Krondorf-Sauerbrunn)
Ostrov (Schlackenwerth)
BoæiËany (Poschetzau)
ld a u )
Reuth
( Mo
Bayreuth
in
Kraslice (Graslitz)
Svatava (Zwodau)
Hohenthan
Flossenbürg
Altenhammer
Grafenreuth
v
Ma
Helmbrechts
Holõπov (Holleischen)
Hersbruck
Stulln
Ansbach
Hier am Bahnhof kommen am
30. November 1944 die ersten 200
Häftlinge aus Flossenbürg an. Sie
werden zunächst provisorisch etwa zwei Kilometer
außerhalb des Ortes am Ringberg untergebracht.
Eichstätt
Do
na u
Die Arbeitsbedingungen und die Versorgung der
Gefangenen in Saal sind katastrophal. Jeder dritte
der insgesamt über 740 Häftlinge stirbt.
(E
lbe
)
Panenské Bïeæany
(Jungfern-Breschan)
PRAHA (PRAG)
Hradiπt'ko (Hradischko)
a
ta
Knellendorf
Beneπov (Beneschau)
Vrchotovy Janovice (Janowitz)
Vl
Hof (Moschendorf)
Gundelsdorf
e
Ende 1944 wird in Saal an der Donau
ein Außenlager des Konzentrationslagers Flossenbürg errichtet. Im
Ringberg sollen KZ-Häftlinge für die
Messerschmitt-Werke Regensburg
eine unterirdische Produktionsstätte
zur Fertigung von Kampfflugzeugen
The Secret “Ring-Me” Project (tunnel entries on the road to Teugn)
3 4 The Prisoner Camp / Daily Life in the Camp (forest road on Ringberg)
5 The Cremation Site (forest road on Ringberg)
6 Concentration Camp Cemetery and Memorial Site (cemetery at Saal)
La b
KZ-Außenlager Saal
KZ-Grab- und Gedenkstätte (Waldfriedhof Saal)
The Subcamp at Saal an der Donau (location: train station)
1
2
Geheimprojekt „Ring-Me“ (Stollenzugänge an der Teugner Straße)
PROTEKTORAT
BÖHMEN UND MÄHREN
Regensburg
Obertraubling
Saal
a.d. Donau
Plattling
Ganacker
Das Konzentrationslager Flossenbürg wird ab 1942 zur
Zentrale eines weit verzweigten Netzes von mehr als
90 Außenlagern. Eines der größeren ist das Außenlager
in Saal.
KZ-Gedenkstätte Flossenbürg
Am 20. April 1945 räumt die SS das Lager. Die geschwächten Häftlinge werden in Richtung Dachau
getrieben. Viele sterben auf diesem Todesmarsch.
The Subcamp at Saal an der Donau
In late 1944, a Flossenbürg subcamp was established at Saal
an der Donau. Under the plan, prisoners from the subcamp
were to construct an underground factory at Ringberg hill,
where fighter jets would be produced for the Messerschmitt
company in Regensburg.
The first 200 prisoners from Flossenbürg arrived at the
railway station on November 30, 1944. They were initially
placed in temporary accommodations about two kilometers
outside of town at the Ringberg hill.
Work and living conditions for the prisoners at Saal were
catastrophic. About one-third of the 740 prisoners died.
The SS evacuated the camp on April 20, 1945. The weakened
prisoners were sent on a death march toward Dachau. Many
died en route.
above: In six locations, display
panels provide information on the
former concentration camp subcamp at Saal.
Bavarian Survey Office, Munich
below: Beginning in 1942, the
Flossenbürg Concentration Camp
became the epicenter of a dispersed
network of more than 90 subcamps. One of the larger subcamps
was located in Saal.
Flossenbürg Concentration Camp Memorial
Tafel
Panel
Tafel 1 (Übersicht) am Bahnhof Saal
Panel 1 (overview) at Saal train station
2
Schiffsanlegestelle
Landing pier
Baracken für zivile Zwangsarbeiter
Barracks for civilian forced laborers
Querstollen
Transverse tunnel
OT-Büros
OT offices
R I NGB ERG
Stollenzugänge
Tunnel entrances
KZ-Außenlager
Subcamp
Vergrößerter Ausschnitt aus einem Luftbild der US Air Force, 19. März 1945
Geheimprojekt »Ring-Me«
Luftbilddatenbank Carls, Estenfeld
Ab 1943 nehmen die Luftangriffe der Alliierten zu.
Die deutsche Kriegsführung beschließt den Bau unterirdischer Anlagen und Großbunker für Rüstungsproduktionen – so auch für die Messerschmitt-Werke
Regensburg. Am Ringberg bei Saal soll das erste Düsenflugzeug der Welt, die Me 262, gefertigt werden. Diese
„Wunderwaffe“ soll die Kriegswende herbeiführen.
»
Bei jeder Sprengung schoss eine hellbraune,
dicke Staubwolke heraus, und sofort danach
wurden die Häftlinge mit Fußtritten und Schlägen
in den noch völlig verqualmten Tunnel zur Arbeit
getrieben.
«
Wilhelm Evers, niederländischer Zwangsarbeiter
Im Juni 1944 beginnt das Projekt mit dem Decknamen
„Ring-Me“.
Unter Leitung der Organisation Todt (OT), einer militärisch organisierten Bautruppe, sind vor allem lokale
und regionale Firmen auf der Großbaustelle tätig.
Neben Deutschen werden dort zivile ausländische
Zwangsarbeiter eingesetzt. KZ-Häftlinge müssen die
Me 262 auf dem Flugplatz Lechfeld, um 1944
Archiv Peter Schmoll
schwersten und gefährlichsten Arbeiten verrichten. In
Herrnsaal planieren sie eine Startbahn für die Me 262.
Am Ringberg treiben sie in zwölfstündigen Schichten
mehrere Stollen voran. Die Produktionsstätte wird
nicht fertig gestellt. Nach Kriegsende sprengt die USArmee die Stolleneingänge zu.
The Secret “Ring-Me” Project
In 1943, Allied forces stepped up the pace of aerial bombardCamp
ments.Brothel
In response, the German military administration
ordered
the1943,
construction
of underground
factories afor
In
mid-July
the SS administration
established
brothel
armaments
production
on behalf
of a variety
of companies,
for
camp inmates,
housed
in a wooden
barrack
built at the
including
the
Messerschmitt
of Regensburg.
plan
edge
of the
camp
grounds forworks
the purpose.
A visit toThe
a brothel
was part
to manufacture
world’s
first
jet-powered
fighter
was
of a special the
bonus
system
designed
to raise
the
aircraft, the Me262,
the facility
nearprivileged
Saal. The Nazi
regime
productivity
of maleatprisoners.
Only
prisoners
had
hoped to
this
“secret
weapon”
hasten
the
end of the
access
the
bonuses;
Jews,would
Sinti, Roma
and
prisoners
from
war.Soviet
The project
Ringberg
hill was
in June
1944
the
Unionatwere
excluded
fromlaunched
the bonus
system.
under
the code
name
The
women
forced
to “Ring-Me”.
work in “Sonderbau units” were also
concentration
campofinmates.
AboutTodt
15 female
were
Under the direction
Organisation
(OT), aprisoners
construction
transferred
fromalong
the Ravensbrück
concentration
work
unit organized
military lines,
work begancamp
at thetosite.
at
the brothel
in Flossenbürg.
For
thepart,
women,
Mainly
local and
regional firms
took
and this
workform
wasof
forced
was
a brutal
humiliation.
After
liberation,
the
carriedlabor
out by
both
German
laborers and
foreign
civilian
survivors
rarelyConcentration
spoke about the
abuse
they suffered
in the
forced laborers.
camp
prisoners
were assigned
camps.
the most grueling and dangerous tasks. Near Herrnsaal,
After
the war,
“Special
Building”
as
prisoners
werethe
putformer
to work
leveling
ground was
for aused
landing
housing
until
it was torn
in the mid-1950s.
strip for for
therefugees
Me 262. At
Ringberg
hill, down
they labored
in 12The
camp brothels
taboo until
the were
1990s.
hourtopic
shiftsofdigging
tunnels.remained
The production
facilities
never completed. After the war, the US military sealed shut
the tunnel entrances using dynamite.
above: Enlarged section of a US Air Force
aerial photograph, 19 March 1945
Luftbilddatenbank Carls, Estenfeld
above: Camp brothel, US Army
Signal Corps, May 4, 1945
»
Holocaust
Oregonof
State
University
A lightMemorial
brown,Program,
dense cloud
dust
spilled forth
from the tunnels after each blast. The prisoners were
below:
Campforced
brothel
then
immediately
withlayout,
kicks and blows to
March
1944 (excerpt)
enter
the dust-filled
tunnel and get to work.
Federal Archives Berlin
«
Wilhelm Evers, a forced laborer from the Netherlands
Waiting rooms, a doctor’s room, and
numerous small rooms were located
below:
Me
262 at the
Lechfeld
Airfield,
along
a hallway.
The
prisoners
were
ca. observed
1944
and monitored through
Peter Schmoll Archive
peepholes in the entry doors.
Tafel
Panel
3
Verbrennungsstätte
Cremation site
Häftlings-Baracken
Prisoner barracks
Erdhütten
Earthen huts
SS-Baracken
SS barracks
Häftlings-Baracken
Prisoner barracks
Vergrößerter Ausschnitt aus einem Luftbild der US Air Force, 19. März 1945
Das Häftlingslager
Luftbilddatenbank Carls, Estenfeld
Die Häftlinge müssen das Lager nach und nach selbst
errichten. Zunächst kommen sie in mehreren Baracken
unter. Im Februar 1945 wird das Lager vergrößert, über
500 Gefangene werden nach Saal verschleppt. Sie sind
in weiteren Baracken, aber auch in zahlreichen Erdhütten untergebracht. Das mit Stacheldraht umzäunte
Lager erstreckt sich etwa 350 m entlang der Straße
nach Teugn.
70 SS-Angehörige unter dem Kommando des SSHauptscharführers Konrad Maier bewachen das Lager.
Unter ihnen sind Wehrmachtangehörige, zahlreiche
Volksdeutsche aus Ungarn sowie ukrainische Wachmänner.
Waldlager 6 in Mühldorf/Inn, Aufnahme der US Signal
Corps, Mai 1945
In solchen „Erdhütten“ waren auch in Saal Häftlinge
untergebracht.
National Archives, Washington D.C.
Kurz vor Kriegsende lässt die SS ein großes Zelt aufstellen. Mitte April 1945 werden hier mehrere Hundert
Häftlinge zusammengepfercht, die mit einem Todesmarsch aus dem aufgelösten KZ-Außenlager Hersbruck
nach Saal kommen.
The Prisoner Camp
The prisoners themselves built the camp over a span of
months. At first the prisoners were housed in several barracks. In February 1945, the camp was expanded. More than
500 additional prisoners arrived at Saal. They were housed
Camp Brothel
in additional barracks and in numerous earthen huts. The
In
mid-July
1943,
SS administration
established
brothel
camp,
which
wasthe
enclosed
in barbed wire,
extendedaabout
for
inmates,
housed
wooden barrack built at the
350camp
meters
along the
roadin
toaTeugn.
edge of the camp grounds for the purpose. A visit to a brothel
The camp was guarded by seventy SS men under the comwas part of a special bonus system designed to raise the
mand of SS Hauptscharführer Konrad Maier. The SS unit
productivity of male prisoners. Only privileged prisoners had
included members of the Wehrmacht, many ethnic Germans
access to the bonuses; Jews, Sinti, Roma and prisoners from
from Hungary, and Ukrainian guards.
the Soviet Union were excluded from the bonus system.
In mid-April
before
the end ofunits”
the war,
several
The
women 1945,
forcedshortly
to work
in “Sonderbau
were
also
hundred prisoners
had been
sent
on a death
marchwere
concentration
campwho
inmates.
About
15 female
prisoners
from the Hersbruck
arrived
in Saal. They
were
all
transferred
from the subcamp
Ravensbrück
concentration
camp
to work
crowded
into ainlarge
tent, which
set this
up aform
shortof
at
the brothel
Flossenbürg.
Forhad
the been
women,
time before.
forced
labor was a brutal humiliation. After liberation, the
survivors rarely spoke about the abuse they suffered in the
camps.
After the war, the former “Special Building” was used as
housing for refugees until it was torn down in the mid-1950s.
The topic of camp brothels remained taboo until the 1990s.
above: Enlarged section of a US Air Force
aerial photograph, 19 March 1945
Luftbilddatenbank Carls, Estenfeld
below: Waldlager 6 camp in Mühldorf/Inn,
photographed
the US US
Signal
Corps,
above: Campbybrothel,
Army
May
1945 Corps, May 4, 1945
Signal
Holocaust Memorial Program, Oregon State University
Prisoners
in Saal were also housed in such
earthen huts.
National Archives, Washington D.C.
below: Camp brothel layout,
March 1944 (excerpt)
Federal Archives Berlin
Waiting rooms, a doctor’s room, and
numerous small rooms were located
along a hallway. The prisoners were
observed and monitored through
peepholes in the entry doors.
Tafel
Panel
Tafel 1 (Übersicht) am Bahnhof Saal
Panel 1 (overview) at Saal train station
4
links: Lagerstärkemeldung vom 28. Februar 1945
In rot sind die Zahlen für den Stichtag 31. März 1945
ergänzt. Insgesamt durchlaufen mehr als 740 Häftlinge
aus 15 Nationen das Außenlager Saal.
Alltag im Lager
Internationaler Suchdienst, Bad Arolsen
Neben der Schwerstarbeit leiden die Häftlinge am
meisten unter dem ständigen Hunger. Die dünne
Suppe muss aus der 600 Meter entfernten Kantine
der Organisation Todt (OT) gebracht werden.
Die SS setzt zumeist deutsche Häftlinge zur Bewachung ihrer Mitgefangenen ein und versorgt sie dafür
etwas besser. Diese „Kapos“ bestrafen andere Häftlinge
schon für kleinste Vergehen mit brutalen Misshandlungen.
Zwei bis drei Häftlinge müssen auf einer Holzpritsche
schlafen. In den Erdhütten liegen bis zu 40 Häftlinge
dicht nebeneinander auf Brettern unter dünnen, völlig
verlausten Decken. Im Lager gibt es nur eine Abortbaracke und eine offene Latrine.
oben: Beschwerde des Kommandoführers Maier an
die OT-Bauleitung, 6. März 1945
Die Hervorhebung belegt das massenhafte Sterben der
Häftlinge.
Internationaler Suchdienst, Bad Arolsen
»
Ich war in vielen Lagern, aber Saal war das
schlimmste Lager, die Häftlinge haben Gras
gegessen, es war grausam.
«
Rafael Israelewicz, Häftling im Außenlager Saal
Kranke und Verletzte werden nach Flossenbürg gebracht oder in Saal in das Krankenrevier eingewiesen.
Dort erhalten sie keine angemessene Behandlung. Die
meisten sterben an Ruhr, Typhus oder Fleckfieber. Bei
der Räumung des Lagers steckt die SS das Krankenrevier in Brand; die Befreier finden 16 Tote vor.
Daily Life in the Camp
Alongside
the grueling labor, the prisoners suffered most
Camp
Brothel
from
constant
hunger.
thin soup they
received ata mealIn
mid-July
1943,
the SSThe
administration
established
brothel
times
wasinmates,
brought housed
from theinOrganisation
Todt (OT)
canteen,
for
camp
a wooden barrack
built
at the
600 meters
away.grounds for the purpose. A visit to a brothel
edge
of the camp
The SS
generally
employed
their
was
part
of a special
bonusGerman
system prisoners
designedto
toguard
raise the
fellow inmates.
In return,
these Kapos
received extra
rations
productivity
of male
prisoners.
Only privileged
prisoners
had
as a reward.
Kapos Jews,
meted
out Roma
severeand
punishments
for
access
to theThe
bonuses;
Sinti,
prisoners from
minor
transgressions.
the
Soviet
Union were excluded from the bonus system.
The
to work
in “Sonderbau
units”
were
Twowomen
or threeforced
prisoners
shared
a single wooden
bunk.
Inalso
the
concentration
camp
inmates.
Aboutslept
15 female
prisoners
earthen huts, up
to forty
prisoners
crowded
onto were
transferred
from the
concentration
campas
to work
wooden boards,
withRavensbrück
only thin, lice-ridden
blankets
at
the brothel
in Flossenbürg.
For lavatory
the women,
thisand
formone
of
covering.
The camp
had only one
barrack
forced
labor was a brutal humiliation. After liberation, the
open latrine.
survivors rarely spoke about the abuse they suffered in the
Sick and injured prisoners were sent to Flossenbürg or
camps.
transferred to the sick bay at Saal, where they received
After the war, the former “Special Building” was used as
inadequate treatment. Most died of dysentery, typhoid, or
housing for refugees until it was torn down in the mid-1950s.
typhus. When the camp was cleared, the SS set fire to the
The topic of camp brothels remained taboo until the 1990s.
sick bay. The bodies of sixteen prisoners were found at
liberation.
left: Prisoner list of 28 February 1945
Theabove:
prisoner
numbers
forUS
the
date of 31
Camp
brothel,
Army
March
1945
are written
in red ink. More
Signal
Corps,
May 4, 1945
than
740 Memorial
prisoners
from
different
Holocaust
Program,
Oregonfifteen
State University
countries were held at the Saal subcamp
in all.
below: Camp brothel layout,
International Tracing Service, Bad Arolsen
March 1944 (excerpt)
Federal Archives Berlin
right: Complaint by Kommandoführer
Waiting rooms, a doctor’s room, and
Maier, head of the prisoner labor detail,
numerous small rooms were located
to the OT construction administration,
along a hallway. The prisoners were
6 March 1945
observed and monitored through
Excerpt: “… The irregularities described
peepholes in the entry doors.
above have resulted in the death of 10
prisoners over the past 12 hours.”
International Tracing Service, Bad Arolsen
»
I was in many different camps, but Saal
was the worst. The prisoners ate grass. It was
horrible.
«
Rafael Israelewicz, inmate of Saal subcamp
Tafel
Panel
Tafel 1 (Übersicht) am Bahnhof Saal
Panel 1 (overview) at Saal train station
5
Verbrennungsstätte, Mai 1945
Die Verbrennungsstätte
Archiv Peter Schmoll
Anfangs werden die Toten des Außenlagers in einem
Massengrab auf dem alten Saaler Friedhof vergraben.
Weil die katastrophalen Bedingungen im Lager immer
mehr Opfer fordern, reicht der Platz bald nicht mehr
aus. Die SS lässt die Toten daher in einem Feld neben
dem Häftlingslager begraben.
»
Im Winter mussten wir nicht mehr auf unsere
Felder, aber dass man Leichen vom Lager verbrannte,
darüber wusste ich Bescheid. Ich habe auch den Rauch
aufsteigen sehen, es lag ein süßlicher Geruch in der
Luft.
«
Ottilie Brandt (Jahrgang 1920), Anwohnerin
Später errichtet die SS am Waldrand eine provisorische
Verbrennungsstätte aus Betonteilen und Bahnschienen. Hier wird nun die stetig wachsende Zahl an
Leichen verbrannt.
Von den über 740 Häftlingen in Saal sterben nachweislich über 250. Aus dem aufgelösten Außenlager
Hersbruck kommen am 18. April 1945 mehrere Hundert
Häftlinge in Saal an, die per Bahn und zu Fuß nach
Dachau verschleppt werden sollen. Wie viele von ihnen
in Saal sterben und ebenfalls hier verbrannt werden,
ist nicht bekannt.
The Cremation Site
The prisoners who died in the subcamp were initially buried
in a mass grave at the old cemetery in Saal. However, as the
death rate increased due to catastrophic conditions in the
camp, room in the mass grave began to run out. The bodies
of the dead
were then burned in a field next to the prisoners’
Camp
Brothel
camp.
In
mid-July 1943, the SS administration established a brothel
Cremation site, May 1945
Later
the SS
orderedhoused
the construction
of abarrack
makeshift
for
camp
inmates,
in a wooden
builtcremaat the
tion facility
madegrounds
of concrete
slabs
and railway
at
edge
of the camp
for the
purpose.
A visittracks
to a brothel
the edge
forest.bonus
This issystem
where designed
the bodiestoofraise
the dead,
was
part of the
a special
the
whose numbers
continued
to soar,
burned.
productivity
of male
prisoners.
Onlywere
privileged
prisoners had
access
thethan
bonuses;
Jews, Sinti,
and prisoners
Of the to
more
740 prisoners
atRoma
Saal, more
than 250from
are
the
Soviet
Union
were
bonus
system.
known
to have
died
at excluded
the camp.from
On 18the
April
1945,
several
The
women
forced arrived
to workatinSaal
“Sonderbau
weresubalso
hundred
prisoners
from theunits”
Hersbruck
concentration
camp
inmates.
About
15 female
prisoners
were
camp, which had
been
dissolved.
These
prisoners
were to
transferred
the Ravensbrück
concentration
toof
work
be deportedfrom
to Dachau
by rail and
on foot. Howcamp
many
at
the
brothel
in Flossenbürg.
Forwere
the women,
this
this
group
of prisoners
died and
cremated
at form
Saal isof
forced
labor was a brutal humiliation. After liberation, the
unknown.
survivors rarely spoke about the abuse they suffered in the
camps.
After the war, the former “Special Building” was used as
housing for refugees until it was torn down in the mid-1950s.
The topic of camp brothels remained taboo until the 1990s.
Signal
Corps,
4, 1945
burned
there.
I saw May
the smoke
rise, and a sweetish
Peter Schmoll Archive
»
In the winter, we didn’t go out to our fields.
Butabove:
I knew that
bodies
from the
were being
Camp
brothel,
UScamp
Army
«
Holocaust Memorial Program, Oregon State University
odor was in the air.
Ottilie Brandt (born 1920), resident
below: Camp brothel layout,
March 1944 (excerpt)
Federal Archives Berlin
Waiting rooms, a doctor’s room, and
numerous small rooms were located
along a hallway. The prisoners were
observed and monitored through
peepholes in the entry doors.
Tafel
Panel
Tafel 1 (Übersicht) am Bahnhof Saal
Panel 1 (overview) at Saal train station
6
Einweihung des KZ-Friedhofs im Park des ehemaligen Donauhotels, 4. November 1950
Seite aus einem Fotoalbum des Bayerischen Landesentschädigungsamtes
KZ-Grab- und Gedenkstätte
KZ-Gedenkstätte Flossenbürg
Am Pfingstsamstag 1945 kommandieren die Alliierten
Kelheimer NSDAP-Funktionäre zum Lagergelände an
der Teugner Straße. Dort müssen sie verkohlte Leichenteile und übereinander geworfene Tote ausgraben und
in Einzelsärge legen. Aufgrund der Aschereste geht
die amerikanische Militärverwaltung von etwa 360
verbrannten Häftlingen aus.
Die amerikanische Militärverwaltung lässt die Toten
und die Aschereste mitten im Ort beisetzen. Das
Bayerische Landesentschädigungsamt gestaltet den
Ehrenfriedhof neu und weiht ihn am 4. November
1950 ein.
Die evangelische Kirchengemeinde will jedoch auf
diesem Grundstück ihr Gemeindehaus errichten. 1957
werden die sterblichen Überreste auf den Ehrenfriedhof der KZ-Gedenkstätte Flossenbürg überführt. Die
Gedenkstätte in Saal wird auf den neuen Waldfriedhof
verlegt. Die Inschrift des Gedenksteins liefert keinen
Hinweis auf das Lager in Saal.
Entwurfzeichnung des KZ-Friedhofs im
Park des Donauhotels, um 1950
Stiftung Bayerische Gedenkstätten
Concentration Camp Cemetery and Memorial Site
On 19 May 1945, Allied commanders ordered Nazi Party
functionaries from Kelheim to appear at the camp grounds
on Teugner Street. The party functionaries were instructed
Camp
Brothel
to excavate
the partially cremated remains and the uncreIn
mid-July
1943,
the SS administration
a brothel
mated
bodies
of victims
that had been established
piled into the
mass
for
camp
in aplaced
wooden
at the
grave.
Theinmates,
remainshoused
were then
in barrack
separatebuilt
coffins.
edge
the
camp
grounds
for the
A visit
to a brothel
Basedofon
the
amount
of ashes
at purpose.
the site, US
military
auwas
part estimated
of a specialthat
bonus
system
raise
the
thorities
about
360 designed
prisoners to
had
been
productivity
of male prisoners. Only privileged prisoners had
cremated there.
access
the bonuses;
Jews,reinterred
Sinti, Roma
and
prisoners
from
The USto
military
authorities
the
remains
in the
the
Soviet
UnionThe
were
excluded
from
the bonus system.
center
of town.
Bavarian
State
Compensation
Office
The
womenthe
forced
to work
“Sonderbau
units”
were also
redesigned
cemetery
ofin
honor
and held
a dedication
concentration
inmates.
About 15 female prisoners were
ceremony on 4camp
November
1950.
transferred from the Ravensbrück concentration camp to work
However, the local Protestant parish wanted to build a
at the brothel in Flossenbürg. For the women, this form of
parish hall on the site, which was dissolved in 1957. The
forced labor was a brutal humiliation. After liberation, the
remains were reinterred at the cemetery of honor at the
survivors rarely spoke about the abuse they suffered in the
Flossenbürg Concentration Camp Memorial. In Saal, the
camps.
memorial stone was moved to the town´s new cemetery.
After the war, the former “Special Building” was used as
The inscription on the memorial stone makes no mention
housing for refugees until it was torn down in the mid-1950s.
of the subcamp in Saal.
The topic of camp brothels remained taboo until the 1990s.
above: Dedication of the concentration
camp cemetery in the park of the former
Donau hotel, 4 November 1950
Page of a photo album belonging to the
above:State
CampCompensation
brothel, US Army
Bavarian
Office
Flossenbürg
Concentration
Signal
Corps, Camp
MayMemorial
4, 1945
Holocaust Memorial Program, Oregon State University
below: Design sketch for the concentration
camp
cemetery
the park
of the Donau
below:
Campin
brothel
layout,
hotel,
ca. 1950
March
1944 (excerpt)
Bavarian Memorial Foundation, Munich
Federal Archives Berlin
Waiting rooms, a doctor’s room, and
numerous small rooms were located
along a hallway. The prisoners were
observed and monitored through
peepholes in the entry doors.

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