adjective + noun

LINGUISTICS –
MORPHOLOGY
Name
Matric No.
: Syuhaidah binti Shamsi
: 1415820
JAPANESE MORPHOLOGY
JAPANESE MORPHOLOGY
The Japanese language is agglutinative .
Words are formed by putting together
morphemes.
The original forms and meanings are retained
with little change during the combination
process.
MORPHOLOGICAL PROCESSES
Compounding
Derivation
Borrowing
Inflection
Onomatopoeia
COMPOUNDING
• Combining two or more words or word elements having their
own lexical meaning to produce a new unit that functions as
a single word.
花見  flower looking/viewing
(eg: cherry blossom viewing)
 花 (hana)  flower
 見 (mi)
 see
 noun + noun  川魚 (kawa + zakana) = river fish
 adjective + noun  黒船 (kuro + fune) = black ship, as in
Admiral Perr y's Black Ships.
 adjective + adjective  薄暗い (usu + gurai) = “lightly
dark,” i.e. dim
 noun + adjective  心強い (kokoro + zuyoi) = “hear t
strong,” i.e. encouraging, reassuring, secure)
 noun + verb  昼寝 ( hiru + ne) = "noon sleep," i.e. siesta
 verb + noun  出口 ( de + guchi) = "going-out mouth," i.e.
exit
 verb + verb  行き帰り( iki + kaeri) = "go + return
home," i.e. to and from home
DERIVATION
• Creating a new word by adding to a stem a word element such
as a suffix that expresses grammatical meaning but has no
lexical meaning.
• The process is similar to English morphology where the suffix
– ly is added to an adjective to form an adverb.
黒い (kuroi)  Black/dark
 黒 (kuro)  Black
 い (- i )  an adjective-forming suffix
INFLECTION
• Adding word endings or modifying the form of a word in order
to indicate various grammatical functions.
• The resulting word is another form of the original word, it is
not a new word.
• Indicate the tense (called conjugation = variation of form of
the verb, ) or,
• the number and case (called declension = variation of the
form of the noun. )


帰る (kaeru)  return
帰れ (kaere)  come back!
(imperative form)
BORROWING
 Also known as Gairaigo (外来語).
 “Loan word” or “borrowed word”; indicates
a transliteration (or "transvocalization") into Japanese.
Katakana
Romaji
Definition
ファイト
faito
fight
ドライブイン
doraibuin
drive in
ドラマ
dorama
drama
コンビニ
konbini
conveni(ence store)
ONOMATOPOEIA
• A word that represents a sound.
• In Japanese it is broken up into three different types:
1. Giseigo (擬声語)
Sounds made by people and animals.
2. Giongo (擬音語)
Noises that don’t fall under giseigo; most inconsistent.
3. Gitaigo (擬態語)
Words that describe actions and emotions that
don’t necessarily make noises.
1. GISEIGO (擬声語)
• Giseigo is the easiest form of Japanese onomatopoeia to understand.
• Simply put, it is the sound made by living things.
Animal Name (English)
Noise (日本語)
Bird
ピチュピチュ Pichupichu
Cat
ニャン
Nyan
Cow
モーモー
Mōmō
Crow
カーカー
Kākā
Dog
ワンワン
Wan wan
Frog
ゲロゲロ
Gerogero
2. GIONGO (擬音語)
• The type of word you’re least likely to find in a dictionar y.
• Think of giongo like the action words that comic books ar tists
make up.
•
Action
Noise
Sparkle
ぴかぴか Pikapika
Heart beating
どきどき Dokidoki
Knock on the door
どんどん Dondon
Gulp
コグコグ
Kogukogu
Sizzle
ピリピリ
Piripiri
Pouring Rain
ザーザー
Zāzā
Wind
ぴゅう
Pyū
3. GITAIGO (擬態語)
 Gitaigo doesn’t try to imitate the sound of what it’s describing.
 Gitaigo are mimetic words, so they try to mimic actions or qualities
without necessarily imitating a sound.
English
日本語 (Noise)
Worry; mope; brood
くよくよ Kuyokuyo
To be angry
プンプン Punpun
Impatience
じりじり Jirijiri
Quickly
どんどん Dondon
Careless; carefree
ノウノウ Nōnō
Smile
ニコニコ Nikoniko
Chit-chat (especially of old ladies)
ぺちゃくちゃ Pechakucha
ありがとう！
ARIGATŌ !
THANK YOU !


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