An Outdated or Alive idea?

'Good Wife and Wise Mother':
An Outdated or Alive idea?
B13648 Mayumi Takamori
Outline
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Introduction
Defining Terms
Outdated
Alive
Analysis
Conclusion
1. Introduction
Outline
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Introduction
Defining Terms
Outdated
Alive
Analysis
Conclusion
2. Defining Terms
Good Wife and Wise Mother （= 「良妻賢母」）
Original: A slogan promoted in the Meiji gov.
“to educate all women so that they could better
perform their home duties especially childrearing ”
(Bernstein 1991: 7)
Now: “women should stay at home and take care of
their families ”
2. Defining Terms
Outdated
: Smt is no longer considered useful or effective.
(Longman 2003: 1361)
Alive
: Smt still existing.
2. Defining Terms
The question is…
Is it old idea that wives should take care of their
families at home while husbands are working
outside（＝夫は外で働き、妻は家庭を守るべき
である）? Or does that idea still have deep roots
in Japanese society and still remain alive?
Outline
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Introduction
Defining Terms
Outdated
Alive
Analysis
Conclusion
3. Outdated
3.1 Increasing in working women
3.2 Appearance of ‘Ikumen’
3.1Increasing in working women
Figure 1. 専業主婦世帯数と共働き世帯数の推移 (1980-2014)
Is it old idea that wives should take care of their
families at home while husbands are working outside
（＝夫は外で働き、妻は家庭を守るべきである）? Or
does that idea still have deep roots in Japanese
society and still remain alive?
独立行政法人労働政策研究・研修機構 (2014)
3.2 Appearance of ‘Ikumen’
Figure 2. 「イクメン」検索ヒット件数の推移
122
116
111
117
Is it old idea that wives should take care of their
イクメン
families at home while husbands are working outside
（＝夫は外で働き、妻は家庭を守るべきである）? Or
does that idea still have deep roots in Japanese society
and still remain alive?
95
80
3
2008
2010年ユーキャン新語・流行語大賞トップ10
0
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
Date: Asahi shimbun datebase
Outline
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Introduction
Defining Terms
Outdated
Alive
Analysis
Conclusion
4. Alive
4.1 Gender inequalities in workplaces
4.2 Young women’s preference to be full time
house wives
4.1 Gender inequalities in workplaces
・Maternity harassment （＝マタハラ）
2014年ユーキャン新語・流行語大賞
Is
it
old
idea
that
wives
should
take
care
of
their
トップ10
Figure 3. 「マタハラ」検索ヒット件数の推移
families
at home whileマタハラ
husbands are working outside
（2012-2015）
（＝夫は外で働き、妻は家庭を守るべきである）? Or
派遣４８％、正社員２１％が経験
does that
idea still have deep roots in Japanese
（Asahi Shimbun 2015）
society and still remain alive?
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
2012
2013
2014
2015
Date: Asahi Shimbun Database
「働く女性とマタニティ・ハラスメント」
の著者・杉浦浩美さん
4.2 Young women’s preference to be
full time house wives
Figure 4. 「夫は外で働き、妻は家庭を守るべきである」という考え方について（性別・年代別）
For
Against
Is it old idea that wives should take care of their
families at home while husbands are working outside
（＝夫は外で働き、妻は家庭を守るべきである）? Or
does that idea still have deep roots in Japanese society
and still remain alive?
Gender Equality Bureau Cabinet Office (2009)
Outline
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Introduction
Defining Terms
Outdated
Alive
Analysis
Conclusion
5. Analysis
Outdated
3.1 Increasing in working women
3.2 Appearance of ‘Ikumen’
Alive
4.1 Gender inequalities in workplaces
4.2 Young women’s preference to be full time
house wives
5. Analysis
3.1 Increasing in working women
Figure 4. 非正規雇用比率 (2002-2012)
Cabinet Office, Government Of Japan (2013)
5. Analysis
3.1 Increasing in working women
Figure 5. 第一子出産前後の妻の就業率と育休利用状況（年代・正規・非正規別）
(1985-2009)
正規雇用→育児休業による就業継続が進んでいる
非正規雇用→低水準にある
国立社会保障・人口問題研究所（2010）
5. Analysis
3.2 Appearance of ‘Ikumen’
Figure 6.
NISSAY (2013)
5. Analysis
Outdated
3.1 Increasing in working women
3.2 Appearance of ‘Ikumen’
Alive
4.1 Gender inequalities in workplaces
4.2 Young women’s preference to be full time
house wives
5. Analysis
4.1 Gender inequalities in workplaces
妊娠で降格「違法」広島高裁差し戻し審判決
（Asahi Shimbun 2015b）
「マタハラが社会的に認
知された結果である。」
4.2 Young women’s preference to be full
time house wives
Figure 4. 「夫は外で働き、妻は家庭を守るべきである」という考え方に関する意識の変化
(1979-2014)
43.2%
46.5%
Gender Equality Bureau Cabinet Office (2014)
5. Analysis
4.2 Young women’s preference to be full time
house wives
「夫の稼ぎだけで妻子を養うのは難しく、公的な保育
サービスも十分でない。親の支援がなければ、子育て
中の妻は働き続けられないのが、今の20代の現実。
「良妻賢母思考とは異質」
その中で“ささやかな幸せ”を描いたら、こういう結果に
なったとみるべき。」
（社会学者開沼博）
Asahi Shimbun 2013
Outline
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Introduction
Defining Terms
Outdated
Alive
Analysis
Conclusion
6. Conclusion
Outdated
3.1 Increasing in working women×
3.2 Appearance of ‘Ikumen’△
Alive
4.1 Gender inequalities in workplaces○
4.2 Young women’s preference to be full time
house wives△
6. Conclusion
Despite of weakening the idea that wives should
take care of their families at home while
husbands are working outside is…,
it still remain alive in Japanese society.
Thank you for listening!

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