Derivation

The Japanese Morphology
Durah Jasmin binti Abu Din
1414722
Introduction to Linguistics
Prof. Dr. Nuraihan Mat Daud
What is Morphology?
The study of the structure of
words & how words are
formed (from morphemes)
The smallest unit of
language that carries a
meaning
Word Formation Process
Compounding
Inflection
Kanji
Derivational
Compounding
Compounding consists of combining two or more
words having their own lexical meaning (having a
substantial meaning of their own) to produce a
new unit that functions as a single word.
free
words
combining
forms
affixes
造船所
Zōsensho
'shipyard'
造船
'shipbuilding’
造 'make; build' + 船 'ship’
followed by the
suffix 所 'place'.
Derivational
Derivation refers to creating a new
word by adding to a stem a word
element such as a suffix that expresses
grammatical meaning but has no lexical
meaning.
Derivational
黒 kuro
'black'
い ‘i’
黒い kuroi
可愛 kawai
‘pretty’
い ‘i’
可愛い kawaii
Inflectional
Inflection consists of adding word endings or
modifying the form of a word in order to indicate
various grammatical functions, such as tense
(called conjugation)
Inflectional
歩く aruku
‘walk’
歩いた aruita
‘walked’
Present Tense
Past Tense
今日は学校に歩く
Kyō wa gakkō ni aruku
今日は学校に歩いた
Kyō wa gakkō ni aruita
Today I walk to school
I walked to school today

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