すじ 日本の巣費 to count かぞえます かぞえましょう。 一 二 三 四 五 六 七 八 九 十 I’m sure you all know how to count numbers but do you know how to count other things such as pencils, books, or cars? First, let’s look at some of the counters we already know. People Glasses/Drinks • • • • • • • • • • 一つ 二つ 三つ 四つ 五つ 六つ 七つ 八つ 九つ 十つ ひとり ふたり さん人 よ人 ご人 ろく人 しち人 はち人 く人 じゅ人 • • • • • • • • • • 一ぱい 二はい 三ばい 四はい 五はい 六ぱい 七はい 八ぱい 九はい 十ぱい いっぱい にはい さんばい よんはい ごはい ろっぱい ななはい はっぱい きゅうはい じゅっぱい Now let’s learn how to correctly identify different types of counting. Although mostly memorization, there is a few important rules that can help us learn and understand several types of counting. Some forms of counting have different kinds of rules. However, there are some that follow the same guidelines. Things such as pets and cylindrical objects (pens, pencils) have two rules to determine the pronunciation of counting certain numbers. Firstly, change the 2nd syllable in the numbers 1, 6, and 8 into a small つ ex. いち＝いっ ろく＝ろっ はち＝はっ The numbers 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, and 10 all use their normal readings for counting the numbers 1-10. ex. に＝2 よん＝4 なな＝7 じゅう＝10 Lets call these rules the “Number Rules”. Lastly, after knowing the counter for a specific object, you must change the first syllable of the counter to either a “b” or “p” sound. Numbers 1, 6, 8, and 10 change to a “p” sound and the number 3 changes to “b”. Asking the question “how many?” also changes the first syllable to a “b” sound, just as the number 3 does. ほん This next examples uses 本, the counter used for cylindrical items. なんぼん ex. How many (cylindrical items)? 何本？ いっぽん There is 1. 一本。 Let’s call this rule the “Counter Rule”. The same rules apply for counting animals but with a different counter. ひき • This time, we use the counter 匹. ex. How many (pets)? 何匹？ さんびき There is 3. 三匹。 ためしましょう！ 何本？ よんほん 四本。 Counters for things such as books, flat items (paper), and machinery have individual ways of pronouncing numbers. These counters are more memorization than anything. Machines don’t follow neither the number rules or the counter rule. だい They are read as the number followed by their counter (台) 一台 いちだい 二台 にだい 三台 さんだい 四台 よんだい 五台 ごだい etc. まい Flat items also don’t use either rule, they just use their own counter (枚) ためしましょう！ 何枚？ さんまい 三枚。 There are such thing as items that only use 1 rule. For example, books only use the “Pronunciation Rule”. In this case, the counter rule will not be applied. This means that the pronunciation of the number will be changed depending on the value. However, the pronunciation of さつ (the counter for books) will stay the same for any number of books. さつ 冊. ex. How many (books)? 何冊？ Books use the counter はっさつ There is 8. 三冊。 ためしましょう！ 何冊？ いっさつ 一冊。 Japanese has different words for counting items. The counters depend on the characteristics of the items, such as their shape or size. As for remember each and every one of them… 匹？ 冊？ 台？ べんきょうします！
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