3. Results in 2014

The ELiTES collaboration,
Japanese viewpoint
Kazuhiro Yamamoto
Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR)
the University of Tokyo
ELiTES: 3rd general meeting
Delegation of the European Union to Japan,
Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
9 February 2014
1
0. Abstract
(1)What happened in ELITES on 2014 ?
(2)Ideas for 2015
2
Contents
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Introduction
Facts and figures in 2014
Results in 2014
Ideas for 2015
Summary
3
1. Introduction
ELiTES: ET-LCGT interferometric Telescope
Exchange of Scientists
Grant for collaboration about cryogenic
between KAGRA and ET
European 7th Framework Programme
Marie Curie action (Mar. 2012 - Feb. 2016)
European people can visit Japan
for KAGRA.
4
Project No.: 295153: ELiTES
Ettore Majorana, KAGRA f2f meeting (Feb. 2015)
http://gwdoc.icrr.u-tokyo.ac.jp/cgi-bin/private/DocDB/ShowDocument?docid=3291
WP1, WP2:Suspensions materials, fibres
WP1: Suspensions design and test
WP3: Infrastructures & Vacuum apparatuses
WP2: Coatings, Optics
5
5
1. Introduction
ELiTES generated, until now, more than 53 manmonths of presence of European scientists in Japan
a stimulating bridge EU and Japanese GW communities
Ettore Majorana, KAGRA f2f meeting (Feb. 2015)
http://gwdoc.icrr.u-tokyo.ac.jp/cgi-bin/private/DocDB/ShowDocument?docid=32916
1. Introduction
We had the ELiTES meeting at twice here !
3 Oct 2012
4 Dec 2013
7
2. Facts and figures in 2014
Guests supported by ELiTES in 2014
11 persons
8
2. Facts and figures in 2014
Guests supported by ELiTES in 2014
15 persons
9
2. Facts and figures in 2014
A total of 11(15) long (short) stay guests
supported by ELiTES in 2014
Germany (A total of 4 (3) long (short) stay guests)
Jena (A total of 3 (1) long (short) stay guests)
Long : Julius Komma, Stephanie Krocker, Ronny Nawrodt
Short : Daniel Heinert
Hannover (A total of 1 (2) long (short) stay guests)
Long : Sina Koelenbeck
Short : Aleksandr Khalaidovski, Conor Mow-Lowry
10
2. Facts and figures in 2014
A total of 11(15) long (short) stay guests
supported by ELiTES in 2014
Netherlands (A total of 1 (1) long (short) stay guests)
NIKHEF (A total of 1 (1) long (short) stay guests)
Long : Joris Van Heijningen
Short : Kazuhiro Agatsuma
11
2. Facts and figures in 2014
A total of 11(15) long (short) stay guests
supported by ELiTES in 2014
United Kingdom (A total of 3 (6) long (short) stay
guests)
Glasgow (A total of 2 (5) long (short) stay guests)
Long : Kieran Craig, Peter Murray
Short : Sabina Huttner, Valentina Mangano, Iain Martin,
Richard Middlemiss, Marielle van Veggel
University of West Scotland
(A total of 1 (1) long (short) stay guests)
Long : Ross Birney
Short : Stuart Reid
12
2. Facts and figures in 2014
A total of 11(15) long (short) stay guests
supported by ELiTES in 2014
Italy (A total of 2 (4) long (short) stay guests)
Rome (A total of 0 (2) long (short) stay guests)
Short : Ettore Majorana (at twice)
Sannio (A total of 2 (2) long (short) stay guests)
Long : Dario Castellano, Arturo Stabile
Short : Innocenzo Pinto, Luigi Troiano
13
2. Facts and figures in 2014
A total of 11(15) long (short) stay guests
supported by ELiTES in 2014
France (A total of 1 (1) long (short) stay guests)
LMA Lyon (A total of 1 (1) long (short) stay guests)
Long : Jerome Degallaix
Short : Gianpietro Cagnoli
14
2. Facts and figures in 2014
ELiTES stimulates stay in Europe
of researcher in Japan.
D.Chen
For sapphire suspension
(around 4 months in total)
16 Sep. 2013 - 1 Nov. 2013 : Rome
4 Jun. 2014 - 25 Jun. 2014 : Rome
25 Jun. 2014 - 31 Jul. 2014 : Jena
27 Jun. 2014 - 15 Nov. 2014 : Jena
15
2. Facts and figures in 2014
5 ELiTES related refereed Journal papers in 2014
Hydroxide Catalysis Bonding strength test at room
and cryogenic temperature
R. Douglas et al.,
Classical and Quantum Gravity 31 (2014) 045001.
Sapphire fiber thermal conductivity
A. Khalaidovski et al.,
Classical and Quantum Gravity 31 (2014) 105004.
16
2. Facts and figures in 2014
5 ELiTES related refereed Journal papers in 2014
Mechanical loss of coating at cryogenic temperature
E. Hirose et al.,
Physical Review D 90(2014) 102004.
Investigation about vibration of radiation shield
F. Frasconi et al.,
Meas. Sci. Technol. 25 (2014) 015103.
D. Chen et al.,
Classical and Quantum Gravity 31(2014) 224001.
17
3. Results in 2014
There are a lot of topics.
Here, 2014 topics related with refereed journal paper
in 2014 are introduced.
(1)Sapphire suspension
(2)Mechanical loss of coating
18
Outline of vibration isolation and cryostat
Heat link (pure Al or Cu)
Heat link (pure Al or Cu)
Pulse tube
cryocoolers
Pulse tube
cryocoolers
Sapphire
fiber
Sapphire mirror (About 20K)
Pulse tube
cryocoolers
19
Outline of vibration isolation and cryostat
Heat link (pure Al or Cu)
Heat link (pure Al or Cu)
Pulse tube
cryocoolers
Pulse tube
cryocoolers
Sapphire
fiber
Sapphire suspension
Sapphire mirror (About 20K)
Pulse tube
cryocoolers
20
3. Results in 2014
“Sapphire monolithic
lop-eared suspension”
One of the most important
parts of KAGRA :
Main sapphire mirrors
are included.
All parts are made
from sapphire.
D. Chen proceeds with investigation under strong
support by ELiTES. He will report tomorrow.
21
3. Results in 2014
(1)Sapphire suspension
Fiber with
nail head on
both ends
Blade spring
(compensation of
fiber length
difference)
Flat cut
Ear
A. Hagiwara
Mirror
Nail head of
fiber
22
3. Results in 2014
(1)Sapphire suspension
Bonding between
sapphire parts
fiber break
Hydroxide Catalysis Bonding
D. Chen
23
3. Results in 2014
(1)Sapphire suspension
What happened in 2014 ?
(a) Design is fixed (CAD drawing). Processing of
sapphire parts based on drawing is in progress !
24
3. Results in 2014
(1)Sapphire suspension
What happened in 2014 ?
(b)Concerns of components are almost fixed (except
for blade spring).
Strength (after thermal cycles)
Thermal conductivity
Mechanical loss
(ELiTES support: Glasgow, Jena, Rome)
Dan will report details tomorrow.
25
3. Results in 2014
(1)Sapphire suspension
What happened in 2014 ?
(b)Concerns of components are almost fixed (except
for blade spring).
Thermal noise
of sapphire
suspension
(Dan’s calculation
with Levin’s method)
D. Chen, Ph.D. thesis
Dan will report details tomorrow.
26
3. Results in 2014
(1)Sapphire suspension
Our next step is prototypes !
Full size prototype : Dummy sapphire bulk (similar
size to that actual KAGRA mirror) is suspended by
sapphire fibers ! We check assembly procedure and
so on …
27
3. Results in 2014
(1)Sapphire suspension
Processing of two flat cut on barrel surface
ARD-OPTICS Ltd (Armenia) ,
Partner of IMPEX (Germany)
E-mail from
Dummy bulk
Dr. Ruben Babasyan
(Shinkosha)
(3 Feb. 2015)
“We are polishing
the second face.”
205 mm
164 mm in thickness
28
3. Results in 2014
(1)Sapphire suspension
Processing of two flat cut on barrel surface
ARD-OPTICS Ltd (Armenia)
The first surface !
29
3. Results in 2014
(1)Sapphire suspension
Processing of other sapphire parts (ears, fibers with
nail heads, blade spring) are in progress.
Blade spring
(Shikosha)
Fiber (IMPEX,
ARD-OPTICS)
Ear (IMPEX,
ARD-OPTICS)
30
3. Results in 2014
(2)Mechanical loss of coating
Thermal noise is dominated by this loss.
Discrepancy between Tokyo and Glasgow
Tokyo
No annealing effect
Glasgow
Annealing can suppress peak.
K. Yamamoto et al.,
Physical Review D 74 (2006) 022002.
I.W. Martin et al.,
Classical and Quantum Gravity
27 (2010) 225020.
31
3. Results in 2014
(2)Mechanical loss of coating
Groups at Tokyo and Glasgow started investigation.
E. Hirose (not K. Yamamoto !) leaded the
measurement of mechanical loss of other Japanese
samples in ICRR (University of Tokyo).
K. Craig and P. Murray (Glasgow) joined this
measurement (supported by ELiTES).
32
3. Results in 2014
(2)Mechanical loss of coating
Again, no peaks and annealing effect !
E. Hirose et al.,
Physical Review D 90(2014) 102004.
Investigation is in progress …
33
4. Ideas for 2015
Note:
(1)Kazuhiro Yamamoto’s naive idea and Kentaro
Somiya’s hope (they could be changed or wrong)
(2)Triggers for discussion about details
K. Yamamoto
(1)Full size prototype of sapphire suspension
(2)Coating mechanical loss
(3)Heat absorption in sapphire
(4)Other topics for cryogenic payload
K. Somiya
(5)Development of Output Mode Cleaner
34
4. Ideas for 2015
(1)Full size prototype of sapphire suspension
Urgent and important mission in 2015 !
Two large challenges
(a) Assembly of thick fibers and
blade springs (Fibers can be broken !).
(b)How to apply and remove indium
No experience even in AdLIGO and
AdVirgo ...
35
4. Ideas for 2015
(2)Coating mechanical loss
Investigation should be in progress.
ICRR sent sapphire disks to LMA Lyon (Dec 2014).
Ti doped coating (same as that of AdLIGO and
AdVirgo) and coating without Ti will be made on
these sapphire disks !
They measured the loss
by themselves.
Cross check
M. Granata et al.,
Optics Letters 38(2013) 5268.
36
4. Ideas for 2015
(3)Heat absorption in sapphire
So far, in the better cases, absorption in sapphire is
comparable with requirement (50ppm/cm)...
Absoprtion of KAGRA sapphire bulks is being
measured at room temperature.
Nobody knows how absoption depends on
temperature clearly.
Of course, measurement of large sample at low
temperature is not so easy ...
37
4. Ideas for 2015
(3)Heat absorption in sapphire
How about small sample ? K. Watanabe measured
the absorption at room temperature.
K. Watanabe,
KAGRA f2f meeting
Feb. 2014.
http://gwdoc.icrr.u-tokyo.ac.jp/cgi-bin/private/DocDB/ShowDocument?docid=2211
38
4. Ideas for 2015
(4)Other topics for cryogenic payload
Vertical isolation at cryogenic temperature
Cryogenic experiments for components
Measurement of Q-value, thermal resistance,
emissivity ..
Control and adjustment system
(not only cryogenic but also room temperature)
39
4. Ideas for 2015
(5)Development of Output Mode Cleaner
40
4. Ideas for 2015
Other topics (My concerns ...)
(1)How to increase visits from Japan ?
53
(2)Similar grant is
possible after 2015 ?
What must Japanese side do ?
person-months
22
Ettore Majorana, KAGRA f2f meeting
(Feb. 2015)
http://gwdoc.icrr.u-tokyo.ac.jp/cgi-bin/private/DocDB/ShowDocument?docid=3291
41
5. Summary
ELiTES
Grant for collaboration between KAGRA and ET
Facts and figures in 2014
A total of 11(15) long (short) stay guests
supported by ELiTES in 2014
5 ELiTES related refereed journal papers in 2014
Dan Chen stayed for 4 months in Europe
for sapphire suspension.
Results in 2014
As fruiteful examples, sapphire suspension and
mechanical loss of coating were reported.
42
5. Summary
Ideas for 2015
(1)Full size prototype of sapphire suspension
(2)Coating mechanical loss
(3)Heat absorption in sapphire
(4)Other topics for cryogenic payload
(5)Development of Output Mode Cleaner
Please contact Kentaro Somiya or Kazuhiro
Yamamoto.
43
Thank you for your attention !
44
3. Results in 2014
(1)Sapphire suspension
Our next step is prototypes !
Prototype
One fiber prototype
Full size prototype
45
3. Results in 2014
One fiber prototype (Shorter cooling time,
for smaller risk of full size prototype)
Sapphire blade spring
Indium Bonding
Hydroxide Catalysis Bonding
Shinkosha
Sapphire mass
6kg in weight (1/4 of KAGRA mirror)
Design : D. Chen
46
3. Results in 2014
One fiber prototype (Shorter cooling time,
for smaller risk of full size prototype)
Sapphire blade spring
Sapphire fiber
Sapphire mass
J. Komma (Jena) supported.
47
3. Results in 2014
One fiber prototype (Shorter cooling time,
for smaller risk of full size prototype)
Sapphire fiber
Sapphire blade spring
J. Komma (Jena)
supported.
48
3. Results in 2014
(1)Sapphire suspension
One fiber prototype (Shorter cooling time,
for smaller risk of full size prototype)
Test of sapphire blade spring
Design : R. Kumar et al., GWADW2014
(http://www.gravity.ircs.titech.ac.jp/GWADW2014/slide/Rahul_Kumar.pdf)
Shinkosha made such blade springs !
Resonant frequency of vertical mode
Measurement : 14.3 Hz, Calculation : 14.4 Hz
49
3. Results in 2014
(1)Sapphire suspension
One fiber prototype (Shorter cooling time,
for smaller risk of full size prototype)
Test of sapphire blade spring (Drift with load)
50
2. Cryostat
Last cryostat was installed on 18th Nov. 2014 !
(T. Suzuki, N. Kimura, T. Tomaru, T. Kume)
T. Kume
Topological measurement around cryostat and
cryostat assembly are in progress.
51
2. Cryostat
Last cryostat was installed on 18th Nov. 2014 !
(T. Suzuki, N. Kimura, T. Tomaru, T. Kume)
T. Kume
Topological measurement around cryostat and
cryostat assembly are in progress.
52
2. Cryostat
Last cryostat was installed on 18th Nov. 2014 !
(T. Suzuki, N. Kimura, T. Tomaru, T. Kume)
Toshikazu Suzuki reports the installation of cryostat
in this session.
Takayuki Tomaru reports the seismic motion
measurement around cryostat tomorrow.
53
2. Cryostat
Other activities on KAGRA site
(topics in this session)
K. Somiya : Installation work in the KAGRA site
K. Yano : Shift report by a student
T. Ogawa : Schumann resonance inside the mine
54
7. For future
Some items for future research (not perfect list)
(a)Investigation material properties
(Q, thermal conductivity, strength etc.)
of coating, fiber and so on.
(b)Sapphire bonding, Sapphire fiber clamp
(c)Control and damping scheme
Actuators and sensors at cryogenic temperature
(d) Mechanical and thermal simulation for payload
(e) Vertical spring in cryostat
(f) Reduction of initial cooling time
Thermal resistance of clamp ....
(g) Baffles for scattered light in radiation shield
(h) Assembly procedure
55
8. Summary
Cryostat : Assembly is in progress.
Cooling test is coming soon.
Cryogenic duct : Optimum position of 5 buffles
Future work : scattered light
Cryocooler unit :
Cooling test and vibration measurement : OK
Cryogenic payload
Preparation for 1/4 cryostat to check
payload performance is in progress.
Current main R&D topics
Inital cooling time, Sapphire fiber with nail head,
Coating mechanical loss, Vibration of shield
56
2. Issues
(1)How to assemble
Details of construction, clean room ….
(2)Strength
Tensile strength, development of clamp,
sapphire bonding …
(3)Control and damping system
to reduce fluctuation and instability
Actuators (what and where),
resonant mode (frequency and Q)
and so on
57
2. Issues
(4)Cooling
Temperature of mirror (below 20 K),
initial cooling time,
heat resistance of clamp …
(5)Noise
Thermal noise, vibration via
vibration isolation system and heat links …
58
5. Other topics
Metal blade spring for vertical vibration isolation
Cryogenic test is in progress in Kashiwa.
Q measurement of wires to suspend masses (except
for mirror) is in progress (tungsten, CuBe, …)
Measurement of magnetism
of mass and black coating
Control system
Cryogenic tests are in progress.
Stepping motor to adjust angle of masses : KEK
Optical sensor (a candidate
to monitor mass motion) : ICRR59
2. Cryostat
In November 2014, the last two cryostats were
installed at center room ! Mission was over
yesterday !
Y end
X end
Y arm
Center room
X arm
New Atotsu
60
2. Cryostat
In October 2014, the second cryostat was installed
at X end !
Y end
X end
Y arm
X arm
New Atotsu
61
2. Cryostat
Installation of cryostats to X and Y ends
T. Suzuki, N. Kimura,
T. Tomaru, T. Kume
62
熱放射の計算
使用した反射率 (Al + Solblack)
• 熱放射はダクトシールドによ
って多数回反射され、パワー
を減らす
• 熱放射は、商用光線追跡ソフ
トZEMAXを用いて計算
– 熱放射の光線をランダムな角度
で放出
– 光線がシールドに反射させる際
に、光線のパワーに反射率をか
けていく
63
ダクトシールドの設計
クライオスタット
真空チェンバー
ダクトシールド
散乱光
バッフル
鏡
バッフル
Length in mm
ダクト
5m
• ダクト、バッフルは熱放射、散乱光を吸収するよう黒化処理（ソルブラック）
– 熱放射の計算値：最大0.38 W (< KAGRA要求値: 0.5 W)
• バッフルは、鏡からの散乱光をとらえるよう傾ける
• 観測時は冷凍機ユニットによって冷却
– 今回は性能試験のため、冷凍機を直接接続
2014.9.20 日本物理学会2014年秋季大会
榊原裕介 Yusuke Sakakibara
64
64
熱放射の測定
円板製作：工藤氏 (KEK)
冷凍機
コールドヘッド
温度計
ヒーター
円板1
円板2
熱放射
264 mm
320 mm
•
2枚のアルミ円板を吊るす
– 両円板は、熱放射率、吸収率を上げるため黒化処理（ソルブラック）
– 円板1を300 Kまで昇温、円板1が熱放射を放出
– 円板2は、熱放射を吸収し、温度が上昇
– 円板2に取り付けたヒーターを用いて校正
2014.9.20 日本物理学会2014年秋季大会
榊原裕介 Yusuke Sakakibara
65
65
振動測定（ダクトシールド2号機）
• 加速度計によって地面振動を測定
レーザー変位計
– 埼玉県川越市、ジェック東理社
• レーザー変位計によってダクトシールド
振動を測定（地面・シールドの相対変位）
26 Hz
2014.9.20 日本物理学会2014年秋季大会
榊原裕介 Yusuke Sakakibara
66
66
神岡でのダクトシールド振動
•
•
神岡での地面振動×測定した伝達関数：冷凍機OFFの場合を計算
今後ダクトシールド用冷凍機ユニットの振動の評価が必要
2014.9.20 日本物理学会2014年秋季大会
榊原裕介 Yusuke Sakakibara
67
67
散乱光雑音の評価
•
•
ソルブラック反射率・散乱特性の測定値を使用ソルブラック反射・散乱特性測定：ジェネシア+阿久津
鏡表面PSD: E. Hirose et al. Phys. Lett. D 89 (2014) 062003
KAGRAの要求を満たす
計算方法: D. J. Ottaway et al. OPTICS EXPRESS 20 (8) (2012) 8329
共振1 Hz
質量
23 kg
キャビティー内パワー
400 kW
2014.9.20 日本物理学会2014年秋季大会
榊原裕介 Yusuke Sakakibara
68
68
3. Sapphire suspension
Bonding between sapphire fibers
and sapphire mirror
Hydroxide Catalysis Bonding
(Rebecca Douglas[Glasgow],
GWADW2013).
Strength (about 60 MPa)
measured by her is 10 times larger
than those of previous papers.
T. Suzuki et al., Journal of Physics; Conference Series 32(2006)309.
A. Dari et al., Classical and Quantum Gravity 27(2010)045010.
Rebecca Douglas and Karen Haughian stayed in
Japan in the last autumn.
Rebecca reported in ELiTES meeting (Dec. 2013).
https://events.ego-gw.it/indico/conferenceOtherViews.py?view=standard&confId=7
69
70
3. Sapphire suspension
Thermal resistance (HCB and indium bonding,
D. Chen)
Further investigation is necessary,
but, this result does not look bad …
71
3. Sapphire suspension
3. Sapphire suspension
3. Sapphire suspension
3. Sapphire suspension
One fiber prototype (Shorter cooling time,
for smaller risk of full size prototype)
Shinkosha
(D. Chen, H. Tanaka)
September 2014
75
3. Sapphire suspension
One fiber prototype (Shorter cooling time,
for smaller risk of full size prototype)
Sapphire blade spring
Shinkosha
76
3. Sapphire suspension
One fiber prototype (Shorter cooling time,
for smaller risk of full size prototype)
77
3. Sapphire suspension
One fiber prototype (Shorter cooling time,
for smaller risk of full size prototype)
78
3. Sapphire suspension
3. Sapphire suspension
1. Introduction
Schematic view of KAGRA interferometer
Four mirrors of arm cavity will be cooled.
Mozumi
Y-end
Sakonishi
X-end
Atotsu
Center
Kamioka mine
(Underground site)
Vibration isolation system, Cryocooler unit, Cryostat,
Cryogenic payload
81
1. Introduction
Outline of vibration isolation and cryostat
14 m
Vibration
Isolation
Cryostat
Cryogenic
mirror
82

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