Dependable Networks

APSITT2005
6th Asia-Pacific Symposium on Information and
Telecommunication Technologies
Toward Dependable
Broadband Networks
Tetsuya Miki
The University of Electro-Communications
1
Outline
Progress of Broadband Networks
Trends on Networking
Dependable Networks
2
Important R&D Areas for Future ICT
安全安心な情報環境
ユビキタスNW環境
Ubiquitous Networking
ＩＰベースＮＧＮ
ヘテロジニアス
NW
(Next Generation Network)
トラフィック制御
分散NW制御
臨場感通信
情報通信セキュリティ
ディザスタリカバリ
ｱﾀｯｸ防御
シームレス接続
フォトニック
情報通信
ギガビット
移動通信
通信放送融合
知的ﾒﾃﾞｨｱ処理
ヒューマン
インタラクション
Source: JST
ITS
衛星通信
センサNW
深海
情報通信
アンテナ理論
高精度GPS
暗号・認証・署名
ソフトウェア無線
フォトニック
ワイヤレス融合
（THz帯）
変調方式
ｱﾄﾞﾎｯｸ・無線LAN
超低消費電力通信・端末
UWB
生体情報通信
帯域圧縮技術
Dependable Environment
量子
情報通信
符号理論
宇宙通信
トラフィック理論
3
JSTワークショップネットワーク分科会三木氏（電通大）まとめ資料をもとにJSTが加筆
Evolution of Telecommunications
and Information Networks
Integration and
customization of
services
Expansion of services
Integration of facilities
Next Generation
Networks
Expansion of facilities
Mono-service
Stability
Multi-services
Multi-media
Ubiquitous media
Reliability
Availability
Dependability
Analog
1950
1970
Heterogeneous
1990
2000
2010
2020
2030
4
Progress of Network Services in Japan
Mobile Phone/PHS
80M
POTS + ISDN
(61.3M)
60M
Internet Users
(Estimation)
40M
ISDN
Wireless Internet
( i-mode )
POTS
Broadband Internet
20.6M (June 2005)
20M
0
87
90
95
2000
055
Progress of Broadband Access in Japan
40M
35M
Broadband in Gross
20.6M （June.2005）
30M
FTTH
30M（ 2010 ）
25M
20M
CATV: 3.1M
15M
ADSL: 14.1M
15K
（2000.1）
10M
16K
（2001.1）
5M
12K
（2002.1）
FTTH: 3.4M
0
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
6
Transmission Speed, Throughput （bps）
LAN Speed and Router Throughput
100T
CISCO CRS-1
10T
M640+TXS
1T
Router
CISCO12000
100G
M160
CISCO8600
100G-Ethernet
10G
CISCO7500
10G-Ethernet
1G
1G-Ethernet
ＬＡＮ
100M
FDDI
100M-Ethernet
10M
10M-Ethernet
1990
1995
2000
2005
Year
2010
7
How Large Size, Quick Response and
Fast Bit-rate Services would be required?
Response Time （Sec）
100
1995
2000
2005
2010
2015
10
Data Transfer,
Data Backup, etc
TeleWork
1
Telephone
TeleConference
TeleEducation
Game
100m
TeleConference
(High Quality)
10m
1k
10k
100k
1M
10M
Data Size (Byte)
100M
1G
10G
100G
8
Internet Traffic Statistics in Japan
(Total Traffic of Major 7 ISPs in Japan)
Users Traffic (Gbps)
200
Regular User (DSL/FTTH)
150
Down Stream
Up Stream
100
Increasing Rate: 42% per Half Year
50
Other User (Dial-up/Leased Line)
Down Stream
Up Stream
0
Sept.
2004
Nov.
2004
Feb.
2005
May
2005
9
Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications（2005.7.27）
Expectation of Network Traffic
100K
Relative value
compared to as of 1995
Traffic Volume
10K
1,000 times
in a next decade
1K
100
10 times
in a last decade
10
Internet
Telephone
1
0.1
1995
2000
2005
2010
Year
2015
10
Progress of Optical Transmission
1P
4 bits/Hz ×25THz
100T
273CH
1 bits/Hz ×25THz
Bit rate (bps)
10T
132CH
128CH×10G
1T
128CH
100G
32CH×10G
10G
10CH
10M
16CH×2.5G
F-10G
F-2.5G
WDM R&D
4CH×2.5G
1G
100M
1000CH
F-1.6G
F-400M
3CH
F-100M
F-32M
2CH×150M
Commercialized WDM Systems
2CH×6.3M
Single Wavelength Systems
1M
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Year
2010
2015
11
Typical WDM Transmission System
Relative Optical Power [5 dB/div]
1.28Tbps : 10Gbps x 128 Channels
WDM Optical Spectrum after 840km SMFs
C-band (1535.82-1561.01 nm)
L-band (1573.30-1599.75 nm)
～ 25.19 nm
～ 26.45 nm
Noise Level
1530
1540
1550
1560
Noise Level
1570
Wavelength
1580
1590
1600
[nm]
12
Wireless Access Systems
2010
2005
Beyond 3G
2000
Vehicular
2015～2020
Mobility
Wi-MAX
GMS
PDC
(2G)
Pedestrian
HSDPA
IMT-2000
( 3G)
Super
3G
Wi-Fi
PHS
Wireless LAN
Stationary
100K
1M
10M
FWA
100M
UWB
1G
Transmission Speed (Mbit/s)
10G
13
Upgraded 3rd Generation Mobile
3rd Generation
3G
W-CDMA
(384kbps)
Air Interface cdma2000 1x
(144kbps)
3.5G
Super 3G
4th Generation
W-CDMA
HSDPA
(3.6Mbps,
14.4Mbps)
cdma2000
1x EV-DO
(2.4Mbps)
W-CDMA
enhanced
VSF-OFCDM
Others
Data Rate 144 / 384kbps 2.4Mbps
OFCDM
< 100Mbps
> 100Mbps
 14.4Mbps
TTI
2～10 m sec
Switching Circuit+Packet
2m sec
<2m / 0.5m sec
0.5 m sec
only Packet ( IP )
TTI: Transmission Time Interval
OFCDM: Orthogonal Frequency and Code Division Multiplexing
VSF- OFCDM: Variable Spreading Factor -OFCDM
14
Network Service Convergence
FMC
Mobile Phone
Mobile Internet
(i-Mode)
(Fixed-Mobile
Convergence)
TIC
(Telephone Internet Convergence)
Fixed
Telephone
Internet
BIC
Broadband
Internet
(Broadcasting
Internet Convergence)
Digital Broadcasting
1995
2000
2005
2010
2015
2020
2025
15
Future IP Network Structure
Application/Service
Platform
Access Network
Core Network
Wireless Access
Fixed Access
: Fixed Wire AP
: Wireless AP
: Core Node
： Edge Node
： Mobile Gateway
： Media Gateway16
Ubiquitous Networking
Anyplace, Anybody, Anytime, Anything, Anyway, ・・
Urban
Area
W-LAN
Office
Hotel
Seamless Networking
Presence Awareness
Railway
Station
Airport
TV
Home
17
Expanded Portability of Terminals
Problems on Network Services
over Existing Internet
Quality
Bandwidth, QoS (Quality of Service),
SLA (Service Level Agreement), Interaption
Security
Network intrusion, ID/PW stealing, Virus, DoS,
Web page altering, Infringement of copyright
Reliability, Availability
User Support
Risk Management
Require
Dependability
Terrorism, Disaster
18
Progress of Information Communication
Information
Transfer
TeleCommun.
Hold in
Common
Information
Interaction
Post
Telegraph
Broadcasting
Telephone
Facsimile
Data Network
Internet
Web
Groupware
Community-ware
Agent
Collaboration
〔 Overcoming
〔Overcoming
〔Overcoming Time〕〔Overcoming
Quantity〕
Protocol/Procedure〕
Distance〕
Information
Delivery
Conversation
E-mail, VoIP
Collaboration
Virtual Community
from Transport toward Environment
Data
Exchange
File
Exchange
Information
Retrieval
(Web)
Electronic
Commerce
Virtual Class
(Tele-education)
Network Game
Tele-work
Network Library
Virtual Mall
19
Issues for Network Dependability
Control Policy for Higher Layers is getting Importance
3 Layer Model
Information
Contents Layer
Information
Networking Layer
Network
Platform Layer
Dependability Issues
Contents Quality
Contents Security
Usage of Contents/Copyright
Content Attribute
OSI 7Layer
Model
Application Layer
Control/Filtering of Information
Service Control/Management
Presentation Layer
Networking Security
Session Layer
Traffic Control/Management
Network Quality
Reliability Management
Transport Layer
Network Layer
Data Link Layer
Physical Layer
20
Requirement for Higher Layer Functions
Contents Management
Security Assurance
Protecting
individual info. ,
copyright, etc
User Support
Contents flow
Encrip- control
Media
tion
Avoiding
unlawful access
conversion Human
interface
Info. filter
Groping
Eliminating Access
support
control
virus
Community
Group control
and management
Operation
support
Seamless networking
Customized Network Environment
21
Integration and Customization of
Information Network Services
Web ASP
e-Community
e-Library
e-University
Government
ISP
To Integrated Services
From Independent Services
Interaction of
Information
Service Integration
Portal
Site
E-Commerce
FM Radio
TV Broadcasting
Mobile phone
FTTH
Customized Service Provisioning
Seamless
Inter-working
3G/3.5G Mobile
CATV
ADSL
Telephone
Wireless LAN
STB
TV
ｹﾞｰﾑ機
パソコン
無線ﾎｰﾑﾘﾝｸ
22
Dependable NGN Needs New Concept
Conventional Internet (Best Effort Networks )
Open Network
Non Real Time,
Guaranteed Networks
MetroAccess NW
MetroAccess NW
Real Time,
Guaranteed Networks
Backbone Networks
23
Summary
Broadband Internet will be widely used
for every type of network services.
NGN should apply the design concept of
“Dependable Networks” to fulfill not only
QoS and Security, but also information
contents management with confidence.
To realize “Dependable Networks”,
the modeling and structuring related to
Information contents layer must be
studied extensively.
24
Thank You for Your Attention
25

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