PARTICLES - Japanese Teaching Ideas

PARTICLES
The words that hold a Japanese
sentence together
The function of particles
• Particles in Japanese join parts of the
sentence together.
• A particle can tell us a lot about the word
before it.
Particles – a summary
WA
Topic
marker
MO
Also
NO
Possessive
DE
‘by’ / do ‘at’
a place
WO
Object
marker
TO
With / and
NI
‘at’ with
time
NI
‘to’ a place
は
Note: This particle is
actually written with
hiragana “ha”
Flickr photo by Davi M
The Topic Marker は
• は [wa] tells us the topic of the sentence.
• It tells us WHAT is being discussed.
• It is hard to translate into English but it is
similar to saying ‘as for …’.
Examples for は
• ぼくは１２さいです。
• I am 12 years old. (As for me, I’m 12).
• ひろはせんせいです。
• Hiro is a teacher. (As for Hiro, [he’s] a
teacher.
The
Possessive
の
Flickr photo by Spitzgogo
The Possessive の
• の [no] can act like ‘apostrophe s’ in
English.
• It tells us who owns something.
• It also serves to join 2 nouns together when
they relate to each other. Eg. Tomorrow
morning, Tuesday next week, and so on.
Examples for の
• ぼくのなまえはひろです。
• My name is Hiro.
• せんせいのほんです。
• It is the teacher’s book.
• にほんごのせんせい。
• Japanese Teacher (teacher of Japanese)
The object marker を
Flickr photo by tanakawho
Flickr photo by El Negro Magnifico
The object marker を
• を [wo] tells us the object of the verb.
• If the verb is ‘do’, it tells us what we are
doing. If the verb is ‘eat’, it tells us what
we are eating.
• ‘Eat a hamburger’ – hamburger is the object
• ‘Play tennis’ – tennis is the object.
Examples for を
• まどをあけてください。
• Please open the door.
• ひろはおんがくをききます。
• Hiro listens to music.
Movement
“to” a place
に
Flickr photo by an untrained eye
Flickr photo by B Tal
The particle に
1. に [ni] tells us the place we are going to.
Example:
a. かわにいきます。 Go to the river
Time “at”
which
something
occurs
に
Flickr photo by Robbert van der Steeg
Flickr photo by Joe Penniston
The particle に
1. It also tells us the time we do something.
It comes after the TIME or DAY of the
week.
Example:
a. ろくじにおきます。 Wake up at 6:00
The
“location”
of
something:
“in” / “on”
に
Flickr photo by John Althouse Cohen
The particle に
1. It also indicates the location of something.
“on the table” etc.
Example:
a. いすのうえにあります。 It is on the
chair.
“Also”
も
Flickr photo by Caucas’
Flickr photo by L. Marie
The particle も
• も means “also”
• It can replace を or は but can be used
together with に or へ
Examples for も
• すしをたべます。さしみもたべます。
• I eat sushi. I also eat sashimi.
• とうきょうにいきます。おおさかにもいき
ます。
• I will go to Tokyo. I will also go to Osaka.
The particle で
• で tells us how we get somewhere. Like
“by means of”, “using”
• Tells us “where” we do something
– Listen to music in de house!!!
What you
use to do
something
Flickr photo by Destinys Agent
Where u do de activity
で
Flickr photo by moriza
で
Flickr photo by rAmmoRRison
Examples for で
• バスでいきます。
• Go by bus.
• ぎんこうではたらいています。
• Work at the bank.
• こうえんであそびます。
• Play in the park.
“with”
after a
person /
animal
と
Flickr photo by jm3
Flickr photo by onkel wart
The particle と
• と is used between nouns to mean “and”
• と also indicates who or what you do
something “with”
Examples for と
• いすとつくえがあります。
• There is a chair and a desk.
• いぬとあそびます。
• Play with the dog.
• あした、ともだちとテニスをします。
• Tomorrow, I will play tennis with my friend.

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