神道の宗教 - Japanese

Japanese
Culture
By Grace Williamson
Shintoism
“Shinto” means “The Way of the Gods”.
“神道”の意味は、“神の道”です。
Shintoism is based upon various beliefs:
• Kami (かみ) – the belief of spirits within objects such as animals, plants,
rocks, rivers, mountains, thunder, wind, trees, the Sun etc.
•Polytheism – The belief of more than one deity (gods or goddesses)
•Animism – Similar to Kami, the belief of spirits in rivers, plants etc.
•Ritual purity – the cleansing of the body and soul with a purification ritual.
•Matsuri (まつり）- Traditional festivals
•Mythology – the belief of ancient mythology, for example; how Japan was
created by gods.
The Four Forms Of Shinto
“神道” has been divided into four different forms:
•こしつしんとう – Imperial House Shinto
•しゅはしんとう – Sectarian Shinto
•民族神道 – Folk Shinto
民族神道では、
いろいろな道の
儀式があります。
In Folk shinto there
are various rites of
passage.
•神社神道 – Shrine Shinto
これは、ふじ山の
神道の神社です。
Shinto Rights Of Passage
1.
2.
3.
4.
“はつみやもうで” is when a new-born baby
first visits the local shrine, and so the deity
recognises it as a member of the community.
“しちごさん” is when boys in their fifth year,
and girls in their third and seventh year, visit
a shrine to report their healthy growth and
receive a blessing.
“せいじんのひ” is the Coming-Of-Age
festival held on the second Monday in
January. It celebrates Japanese citizens
becoming aged 20, and often the youths
visit shrines to receive a blessing.
“けっこんしき” is the Traditional Marriage
Ceremony. The couple go to a shrine to
report to their ancestors that they have
been married, and are welcomed into the
community as new members.
しちごさん
Festivals
In Japan, there are various festivals in order to celebrate various things.
Some are on fixed days:
•
せいじんのひ (Coming Of Age) – 2nd
Monday in January
•
ひなまつり (Doll Festival) – 3rd March
•
たなばた (Star Festival) – 7th July
Some festivals are celebrated in other cultures:
•Valentine’s Day
•Christmas
•New Year
Some take place over multiple days:
•せつぶん – Division of seasons
•えんにち – Temple days related to Kami
and/or Buddha
Fashion
Traditional Japanese-style clothing includes きもの,
ゆかた, and wearing かたな swords for display
purposes.
Kimonos
from
1938
Kimonos are
worn for
weddings,
and are very
extravagant
YAMANBA!
‘やまんば’ is derived from ‘やまーうば’which is the name of a
mountain hag in Japanese folklore. The fashion trend is very tanned skin,
incredibly bright pastel coloured make up and blonde hair.
Some even dye their hair in bright colours
This fashion is a very extreme fashion in Japan; many people who
follow it do not look Japanese. They are like caricatures of blonde
Caucasian women.
Ganguro
The がんぐろ fashion also follows the trend of light
hair and tanned skin, but it much less extreme than
やまんば.
The clothes are generally mini skirts, platform
boots, and sometimes lots of rings, bracelets and
necklaces.
It peaked around the year 2000, and is still popular
today.
Kogyaru
‘こぎゃる’ is the least extreme of the three fashions.
In this trend, the girls dye their hair to light browns and
blondes, but do not tan or wear over-the-top make-up.
The clothes are miniskirts and platform shoes, in nice
light colours.
食べ物！
In Japan, the common staple foods are rice, bread and noodles. Also, because
Japan is an island country, they eat a lot of sea food.
‘おにぎり’ Rice
balls
‘うどん’ noodles
Japanese bread
魚と肉
‘てんぷら’ is fried fritters,
commonly made with shrimp or
prawns, but also made with squid,
pepper, sweet potato, lotus root
and onion. Only the freshest fish
and vegetables are used. A special
sauce ten-tsuyu is used as a dip.
Yakitori
Often eaten with sake in a bar is やきと
り . This is similar to a shish kebab and
is generally made from chicken and
grilled on bamboo skewers over
charcoal. As the meat is grilled, it is
dipped into a sweetened soy-based
source to give it a very Japanese
flavour.
Shabu Shabu
しゃぶしゃぶ is a typical example of such a
dish and is particularly suitable for a large
gathering. At the centre of the table is a
large pot of simmering stock. The guests
are invited to dip slices of beef and
vegetable in the stock to cook them. The
cooked food is then dipped into a choice
of sauces. When all the meat and
vegetables have been cooked, the
enriched stock is served as soup
How To Make Rice Balls
•
Put half a cup of cooked steamed rice into a rice bowl.
•
Make a small dent in the middle of the rice and gently push the filling in.
•
Wet your hands, and rub some salt into them. Hold the rice in the rice bowl between your palms.
Form the rice into a round or a triangle, by pressing lightly with your both palms. Roll the rice ball
on your hands a few times, pressing lightly.
•
Wrap the rice bowl in a strip of ‘のり’seaweed.
Food Art
In Japan, the presentation of food is very
important. All meals are set out in a precise
way, and often rice meals are made into
cute shapes.
とてもかわいい！
Japanese Painting
The style of painting in Japan has changed over the
eras; from やまとーえ in the へいあん and かまくら eras to
the すいぼくが ink paintings in the むろまち era, to the よ
うが western-style paintings in the めいじ era.
やまとーえ style (8th
century)。These often
show stories or the
beauty of nature.
すいぼくが (14th
century)。This is also
called ‘すみえ’and is
done using an ink stick.
ようが style (19th
century). These are
created in oil, watercolour and acrylic
paints.
Japanese Poetry
In ancient times, Japanese poetry was written in Chinese, but in
the 19th century a new trend came, and since them there have
been たんか, はいく and し poetry.
たんか consists of five units, usually split into 5 lines when translated into
romanised languages, and follows the mora pattern 5-7-5-7-7. This form is much
older than Haiku.
In ancient times poems of this form were called はんか (“reverse poem”), since the
5-7-5-7-7 form derived from the conclusion (envoi) of a ちょうか. Sometimes a ちょう
か had two envois.
The ちょうか below is followed by an envoi, written by Okura:
銀も
金も玉も
何せんに
まされる宝
子にしかめやも
Shirogane mo
Kogane mo tama mo
Nanisen ni
Masareru takara
Koni shikame yamo
What are they to me,
Silver, or gold, or jewels?
How could they ever
Equal the greater treasure
That is a child? They can not
Japanese Poetry
はいく poetry is similar to たんか poetry, but has less lines. The moras have
the structure 5-7-5. はいく generally contain a きご (seasonal reference) and a
きれじ (which the English equivalent is a punctuation mark). They were
originally called ほっか, but at the end of the 19th century It was changed to
its current name by まさおかしき。
古池や
Furuike ya
Old pond…
蛙飛込む
Kawazu tobikomu
A frog leaps in
水の音
Mizu no oto
Water’s sound.
このはいくは‘ばしょう’によってかかれました。
折り紙！
Origami comes from the
words ‘おる’meaning “to
fold” and ‘かみ’ meaning
“paper”.
The goal of this art is to
create a representation of
an object using geometric
folds, without using glue
or cutting.
The paper used is
usually square, very
fine and has intricate
designs on one side.
Examples Of Nets
かえる
りゅう
ごあ
ざり
いが
まと
すう
！

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