Now that we have the arithmetic in hand, let us look
at the Earth's atmosphere and its pollutants.
we have the arithmetic in hand.
let us look at the Earth's atmosphere
the Earth's atmosphere’s pollutants
have ～ in hands
Now that we have the arithmetic in hand, let us look
at the Earth's atmosphere and its pollutants.
我々は算術を手にしているので、地球の大気とその汚染物
質を調べてみましょう。
既に計算法については手元にあるので、地球の大気とその
汚染物質を考察してみよう。
The most variable component of air is water vapor, or
moisture, whose concentration may range from a
negligibly small value in a desert to about 5% in a
steaming jungle.
The (most variable) component (of air) is water vapor (, or
moisture).
(The moisture’s) concentration may range from a (negligibly
small) value (in a desert) to (about) 5% (in a steaming jungle).
range from ～ to ～
The most variable component of air is water vapor, or
moisture, whose concentration may range from a
negligibly small value in a desert to about 5% in a
steaming jungle.
最も変動する空気中の構成要素は水蒸気、または水
分である。水蒸気の濃度は砂漠における無視できる
ほど値が小さいものから、蒸し暑いジャングルにお
ける5パーセントまでの間に及ぶ。
最も変動する空気の構成成分は、水蒸気または水分
であり、その濃度は砂漠の非常にわずかな量から熱
帯雨林の5%にまで変動する場合がある。
If we neglect the moisture and consider only dry air,
its composition by volume is roughly 78% nitrogen,
21% oxygen, and 1% of other gases.
We neglect the moisture.
We consider only dry air.
The air’s composition (by volume) is – [roughly 78% nitrogen,
21% oxygen, and 1% of other gases].
If we neglect the moisture and consider only dry air,
its composition by volume is roughly 78% nitrogen,
21% oxygen, and 1% of other gases.
もし水分を無視して、乾燥した空気だけを考えると、
その体積組成はおおよそ78%が窒素、21%が酸素、1%が
その他の気体である。
A more detailed breakdown is given in Table 5.1.
Table 5.1 does not include non-gaseous, or
"particulate," components.
I gave a more detailed breakdown in Table 5.1.
表5.1で与えられているより詳細な分類は、
非気体や粒子の成分を含んでいない。
The "natural" concentrations of particulate matter in
the air vary much more than those of gaseous matter.
The ("natural") concentrations (of particulate matter in the air)
vary (much more than the concentrations of gaseous matter).
比較 (more than) されているのは
The "natural" concentrations of particulate matter と
the concentrations of gaseous matter
The "natural" concentrations of particulate matter in
the air vary much more than those of gaseous matter.
空中にある自然の粒子の濃度は気体の濃度以上に大
いに変化する。
空気中にある微粒子状の物質の自然界の濃度はガス
状の物質よりもはるかに異なる。
Air
Moisture
0 ～ 5%
Air
Gas
Table 5.1
Particulate
Thus, if we analyzed air in various parts of the Earth
(which are) away from man's activities, the
composition of the gases would be very close to the
values in Table 5.1.
We analyzed air in various parts of the Earth.
The parts are away from man's activities.
The composition of the gases would be very close to the
values in Table 5.1.
is close to (close to you という歌がありましたが)
Thus, if we analyzed air in various parts of the Earth
(which are) away from man's activities, the
composition of the gases would be very close to the
values in Table 5.1.
従って、もし、私たちが人類活動から離れている地球の
さまざまな場所において空気を分析してみると、それら
気体の構成は、表５．１における値におそらく、とても
近似しているだろう。
このように、もし私たちは地球の色々なところ（人間の
活動から遠く離れた場所）の空気を分析したら、空気の
構成は表5.1の値にとても近いです。
But the particulate matter would vary widely from
place to place.
しかし微粒子物質は、いたるところに広く分散するだ
ろう。
しかし微粒子から成る物質は、（分析する）場所に
よって大きく異なっているだろう。
from place to place
It would include nonviable (not capable of living)
particles such as airborne soil granules, volcanic dust,
and salts from evaporation of sea spray.
The particulate matter would include nonviable (not capable of
living) particles such as
airborne soil granules
volcanic dust
salts from evaporation of sea spray.
be capable of doing
be able to do
It would include nonviable (not capable of living)
particles such as airborne soil granules, volcanic dust,
and salts from evaporation of sea spray.
それはたとえば空間を漂う土の粒子や火山灰、波の
しぶきが蒸発してできる塩のような生き物ではない
ものである。
それは、空気で運ばれた土の細粒や火山の灰、そし
て海のしぶきの蒸発でできた食塩のような、生きら
れない（生存する力のない）粒子を含むだろう。
It would also include viable particles such as plant
and insect matter.
The particulate matter would also include viable particles such as
plant
insect matter.
It would also include viable particles such as plant
and insect matter.
植物と虫からの排出物のように自然のままの形でいら
れる微粒子も含まれる。
微粒子は植物や虫といった、生物粒子も含んでいるか
もしれない（含んでいるだろう）。
the particulate matter
nonviable
the particulate
matter
airborne soil granules
volcanic dust
salts from evaporation of sea spray
viable
plant
insect matter.
Inert gases, mostly argon (9300 ppm) with much
smaller concentrations of neon (18 ppm), helium (5
ppm), krypton and xenon (1 ppm each).
Inert gases are [mostly] argon (9300 ppm) with [much
smaller concentrations of]
neon (18 ppm)
helium (5 ppm)
krypton (1 ppm)
xenon (1 ppm)
Inert gases, mostly argon. (9300 ppm) with much
smaller concentrations of neon (18 ppm), helium (5
ppm), krypton and xenon (1 ppm each).
不活性気体は大部分をしめるアルゴン(9300ppm)と、
ずっと小さい濃度のネオン(18ppm)、ヘリウム(5ppm)、
クリプトンとヘキサン(それぞれ1ppm)から成る。
希ガスはほとんどがアルゴン(9300ppm)であり、ネオ
ン(18ppm)、ヘリウム(5ppm)、クリプトンとキセノン
(1ppm)はより濃度が低い。
Methane, CH4, a natural part of the carbon cycle of
the biosphere; therefore, not a pollutant although
sometimes confused with other hydrocarbons in
estimating total pollution.
Methane, CH4, is a natural part of the carbon cycle of the biosphere.
Methane is not a pollutant.
Methane is sometimes confused with other hydrocarbons in estimating
total pollution.
↓
We sometimes confuse methane with other hydrocarbons in estimating
total pollution.
Methane, CH4, a natural part of the carbon cycle of
the biosphere; therefore, not a pollutant although
sometimes confused with other hydrocarbons in
estimating total pollution.
生物圏の炭素の循環の自然の部分であるメタンＣＨ
４は、汚染物質ではないが、時々全体的な汚染の推
測する際に他の炭化水素と混同される。
メタンは生物圏の炭素循環の自然の一部です。それ
ゆえ時々とはいえ汚染物質でないものが全体の汚染
を見積もったときに他の炭化水素と混同することが
ある。
Oxides of nitrogen, mostly N2O (0.5 ppm) and NO2
(0.02 ppm). Both produced by solar radiation and by
lightning.
Oxides of nitrogen are mostly N2O (0.5 ppm) and NO2 (0.02 ppm).
Both (N2O and NO2) are produced by solar radiation and by
lightning.
Oxides of nitrogen, mostly N2O (0.5 ppm) and NO2
(0.02 ppm). Both produced by solar radiation and by
lightning.
窒素の酸化物は、主としてＮ２Ｏ（０．５ｐｐｍ）とＮＯ２（０．０２
ｐｐｍ）である。二つは、太陽光線の照射または燃やすことに
よって生成される。
窒素酸化物、主にＮ2Ｏ（0．5ｐｐｍ）とＮＯ2（0.02ｐｐｍ）は共に
太陽放射と稲光によって生じる。
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