Iconography of the essential shell characters of the Phaedusinae (Clausiliidae)
HARTMUT NORDSIECK (II. 2016)
That group of Asiatic Clausiliidae, which forms the subfamily Phaedusinae in the strict sense,
comprises 591 species (548 described + 43 undescribed species, as far as known to me). The essential
shell characters of the Phaedusinae are the development of the inferior lamella and of the palatal
plicae. The present iconography of these key characters has originated in the course of more than a
decade of systematic work on that subfamily (1997-2012). For 155 species (about a fourth of all
known species), coming mainly from the countries with the highest diversity, China, Japan and
Vietnam, the palatal plicae (as seen through the shell, = PP) and the inferior lamella (as far as seen in
oblique view into the aperture, = Il) (see text-figs. A-C) have been drawn. These drawings enable the
user to determine at least the genus and subgenus of the species which he has in hand.
Text-Figs. A-C. Palatal plicae and inferior lamella of Phaedusinae.
A. Oospira (Formosana) magnaciana (HEUDE 1882) (C);
B. O. (F.) semprinii (GREDLER 1884) (C);
C. Hemiphaedusa (Selenophaedusa) spinifera H. NORDSIECK 2005 (C).
Abbreviations: auPP = anterior upper palatal plica; alpp = anterior lower palatal plica; il = inferior lamella; lPP
= lower palatal plica; Lu = lunella; mPP = middle palatal plica(e); plPP = posterior lower palatal plica; Pr =
principal plica; Sc = subcolumellar lamella; Sl = superior lamella; uPP = upper palatal plica.
In the following the figured species are listed in systematical order. Following the species name the
figured character complex (palatal plicae = PP, inferior lamella = Il) and the origin of the figured
species are added (in brackets, A = India (Assam), Myanmar, C = (mainland) China, H = Himalayan
India, Nepal, I = Indonesia, Philippines, J = Japan (main islands), R = Japan (Ryukyuan Islands), S =
Thailand, T = Taiwan, V = Vietnam). To avoid confusion, in the drawings of the palatal plicae the
principal plica (Pr) and subcolumellar lamella (Sc), if also present on the drawing, are marked.
© Hartmut Nordsieck 2016 ([email protected])
Plate 1
1 - Synprosphyma (S.) acrostoma (BAVAY & DAUTZENBERG 1909), Il (V)
2 - Synprosphyma (S.) franciscana (MOELLENDORFF 1885), PP, Il (C)
3 - Synprosphyma (S.) gastrodes (MOELLENDORFF 1901), Il (V)
4 - Synprosphyma (S.) suilla (BAVAY & DAUTZENBERG 1909), PP, Il (V)
5 - Synprosphyma (Excussispira) decurtata (HEUDE 1885), PP, Il (C)
6 - Oospira (O.) abstrusa (SZEKERES 1970), PP, Il (V)
7 - Oospira (O.) decollata (LIKHAREV 1962), Il (A)
8 - Oospira (O.) gastroptychia (MOELLENDORFF 1885), PP, Il (C)
9 - Oospira (O.) jacobsoni (LOOSJES 1953), Il (I)
10 - Oospira (O.) javana (L. PFEIFFER 1841), PP, Il (I)
11 - Oospira (O.) loxostoma (BENSON 1836), PP, Il (A)
12 - Oospira (O.) mairei (BAVAY & DAUTZENBERG 1909), PP, Il (V)
13 - Oospira (O.) semipolita (BAVAY & DAUTZENBERG 1899), PP, Il (V)
Plate 2
14 - Oospira (O.) vanbuensis (BAVAY & DAUTZENBERG 1899), PP, Il (V)
15 - Oospira (Siphonophaedusa) grangeri (BAVAY & DAUTZENBERG 1899), PP, Il (V)
16 - Oospira (Atractophaedusa) antibouddah H. NORDSIECK 2003, PP, Il (V)
17 - Oospira (Atractophaedusa) ookuboi H. NORDSIECK 2005, PP (C)
18 - Oospira (Atractophaedusa) rhopaloides (MOELLENDORFF 1901), PP, Il (V)
19 - Oospira (Atractophaedusa) takagii H. NORDSIECK 2005, PP, Il (C)
Plate 3
20 - Oospira (Distortiphaedusa) coffea H. NORDSIECK 2012, PP, Il (C)
21 - Oospira (Distortiphaedusa) imprimata (GREGO & SZEKERES 2011), PP, Il (C)
22 - Oospira (Distortiphaedusa) zhaoyifani (GREGO & SZEKERES 2008), PP, Il (C)
23 - Oospira (Formosana) artifina (HEUDE 1885), PP, Il (C)
24 - Oospira (Formosana) coudeini (BAVAY & DAUTZENBERG 1899), PP, Il (V)
25 - Oospira (Formosana) elegans H. NORDSIECK 2012 , PP, Il (C)
26 - Oospira (Formosana) malleolata H. NORDSIECK 2012, PP, Il (C)
27 - Oospira (Formosana) splendens H. NORDSIECK 2005, PP, Il (C)
28 - Oospira (Formosana) swinhoei (L. PFEIFFER 1865), PP, Il (T)
Plate 4
29 - Oospira (Paraformosana) lepidospira (HEUDE 1889), PP, Il (C)
30 - Oospira (Paraformosana) phyllostoma (HEUDE 1888), PP (C)
31 - Oospira (Formosanella) bensoni (H. ADAMS 1870), PP, Il (C)
32 - Oospira (Leptocochlea) sykesi (BAVAY & DAUTZENBERG 1899), PP, Il (V)
33 - Oospira (Lindholmiella) aciculata (BAVAY & DAUTZENBERG 1909), PP, Il (V)
34 - Juttingia (J.) schlueteri (O. BOETTGER 1879), PP (I)
35 - Loosjesia cambojensis (L. PFEIFFER 1861), PP, Il (S)
Plate 5
36 - Liparophaedusa auregani (BAVAY & DAUTZENBERG 1903), PP, Il (V)
37 - Nannophaedusa acicula H. NORDSIECK 2012, PP, Il (C)
38 - Dautzenbergielle (D.) duella (MABILLE 1887), PP, Il (V)
39 - Dautzenbergiella (Mansuyiella) mansuyi (DAUTZENBERG & FISCHER 1908), PP, Il (V)
40 - Acanthophaedusa ookuboi H. NORDSIECK 2007, PP, Il (C)
41 - Acanthophaedusa reductans GREGO & SZEKERES 2011, PP, Il (C)
42 - Miraphaedusa (M.) takagii H. NORDSIECK 2005, PP, Il (C)
43 - Miraphaedusa (Falsiluna) harryleei (GREGO & SZEKERES 2011), PP, Il (C)
44 - Fuchsiana paradoxa (GREDLER 1883), PP, Il (C)
Plate 6
45 - Serriphaedusa draesekei (BLUME 1925), PP (C)
46 - Serriphaedusa marteli (DAUTZENBERG 1915), body whorl, PP (C)
47 - Serriphaedusa serrata (DESHAYES 1870), body whorl, PP (C)
48 - Macrophaedusa cecillii (L. PFEIFFER 1847), Il (C)
49 - Macrophaedusa veruta (HEUDE 1890), PP, Il (C)
50 - Cylindrophaedusa (Montiphaedusa) kathmandica (H. NORDSIECK 1973), PP, Il (H)
51 - Cylindrophaedusa (Montiphaedusa) martensiana (H. NORDSIECK 1973), PP, Il (H)
52 - Cylindrophaedusa (C.) cylindrica (L. PFEIFFER 1846), PP, Il (H)
Plate 7
53 - Megalophaedusa (Mesophaedusa) hickonis (O. BOETTGER 1877), PP, Il (J)
54 - Megalophaedusa (Mesophaedusa) hiraseana (PILSBRY 1901), PP, Il (J)
55 - Megalophaedusa (Mesophaedusa) ikenoi (MINATO 1980), PP, Il (J)
56 - Megalophaedusa (Mesophaedusa) interlamellaris (MARTENS 1876), PP, Il (J)
57 - Megalophaedusa (Mesophaedusa) vasta (O. BOETTGER 1877), PP, Il (J)
58 - Megalophaedusa (Mesozaptyx) ishikawai (KURODA 1954), PP, Il (J)
59 - Megalophaedusa (M.) martensi (MARTENS 1860), PP, Il (J)
60 - Megalophaedusa (Mundiphaedusa) dorcas (PILSBRY 1902), PP, Il (J)
61 - Megalophaedusa (Mundiphaedusa) ducalis (KOBELT 1876), PP, Il (J)
62 - Megalophaedusa (Mundiphaedusa) hosayaka (PILSBRY 1905), Il (J)
63 - Megalophaedusa (Mundiphaedusa) kurozuensis (PILSBRY 1902), PP, Il (J)
Plate 8
64 - Megalophaedusa (Mundiphaedusa) micropeas (MOELLENDORFF 1882), Il (J)
65 - Megalophaedusa (Mundiphaedusa) spelaeonis (KURODA & MINATO 1975), PP, Il (J)
66 - Megalophaedusa (Mundiphaedusa) sublunellata (MOELLENDORFF 1885), PP, Il (J)
67 - Pliciphaedusa hemileuca (PILSBRY 1909), PP, Il (J)
68 - Pliciphaedusa tosana (PILSBRY 1901), PP, Il (J)
69 - Bathyptychia (B.) beresowskii (MOELLENDORFF 1902), PP, Il (C)
70 - Bathyptychia (B.) hupeana (GREDLER 1892), PP, Il (C)
71 - Bathyptychia (B.) mira H. NORDSIECK 2003, PP, Il (C)
Plate 9
72 - Bathyptychia (Strictiphaedusa) strictilabris (SCHMACKER & BOETTGER 1890), PP, Il (C)
73 - Bathyptychia (Brachyptychia) breviplica (MOELLENDORFF 1886), PP (C)
74 - Celsiphaedusa celsa (GREDLER 1892), PP, Il (C)
75 - Streptodera trachelostropha (MOELLENDORFF 1885), body whorl, PP, Il (C)
76 - Hemiphaedusa (Selenophaedusa) bavayi H. NORDSIECK 2002, PP, Il (V)
77 - Hemiphaedusa (Selenophaedusa) billeti (FISCHER 1898), PP, Il (C)
78 - Hemiphaedusa (Selenophaedusa) diplochilus (MOELLENDORFF 1901), PP, Il (V)
79 - Hemiphaedusa (Selenophaedusa) media H. NORDSIECK 2005, PP (C)
80 - Hemiphaedusa (Selenophaedusa) ophthalmophana (MABILLE 1887), PP, Il (V)
81 - Hemiphaedusa (Selenophaedusa) spinifera H. NORDSIECK 2005, PP, Il (C)
82 - Hemiphaedusa (Selenophaedusa) thatkheana (BAVAY & DAUTZENBERG 1899), Il (V)
Plate 10
83 - Hemiphaedusa (Notoptychia) polydona (MABILLE 1887), PP, Il (V)
84 - Hemiphaedusa (Hemiphaedusoides) moellendorffiana (HEUDE 1882), PP, Il (C)
85 - Hemiphaedusa (Labyrinthiphaedusa) labyrinthoides (SYKES 1898), body whorl, PP (C)
86 - Hemiphaedusa (H.) pluviatilis (BENSON 1842), PP, Il (C)
87 - Hemiphaedusa (Margaritiphaedusa) margaritifera (BAVAY & DAUTZENBERG 1909), PP, Il (V)
88 - Hemiphaedusa (Margaritiphaedusa) protrita (GREDLER 1887), PP, Il (C)
89 - Hemiphaedusa (Margaritiphaedusa) ziyuanensis (CHEN & ZHANG 1999), PP (C)
90 - Hemiphaedusa (Hemizaptyx) aulacopoma (PILSBRY 1902), PP, Il (J)
91 - Hemiphaedusa (Hemizaptyx) exilis (H. ADAMS 1866), PP, Il (T)
Plate 11
92 - Hemiphaedusa (Hemizaptyx) kosakai KURODA 1941, PP, Il (T)
93 - Hemiphaedusa (Hemizaptyx) myersi (SCHMACKER & BOETTGER 1891), PP, Il (T)
94 - Hemiphaedusa (Hemizaptyx) pinto (PILSBRY 1901), PP, Il (R)
95 - Hemiphaedusa (Hemizaptyx) stimpsoni (A. ADAMS 1868), PP, Il (J)
96 - Hemiphaedusa (Pinguiphaedusa) hakonensis (PILSBRY 1900), PP, Il (J)
97 - Hemiphaedusa (Pinguiphaedusa) ignobilis (SYKES 1895), PP, Il (J)
98 - Hemiphaedusa (Pinguiphaedusa) kubinaga KURODA 1936, PP, Il (J)
99 - Hemiphaedusa (Pinguiphaedusa) pinguis (A. ADAMS 1868), PP, Il (J)
Plate 12
100 - Hemiphaedusa (Placeophaedusa) awajiensis (PILSBRY 1900), PP, Il (J)
101 - Zaptychopsis buschii (KÜSTER 1844), PP, Il (J)
102 - Zaptyx (Z.) hirasei (PILSBRY 1900), Il (R)
103 - Zaptyx (Z.) hyperoptyx (PILSBRY 1900), PP, Il (R)
104 - Zaptyx (Z.) kikaiensis (PILSBRY 1905), PP, Il (R)
105 - Tyrannophaedusa (Aulacophaedusa) gracilispira (MOELLENDORFF 1882), PP, Il (J)
106 - Tyrannophaedusa (T.) aurantiaca (O. BOETTGER 1877), PP, Il (J)
107 - Tyrannophaedusa (T.) bilabrata (E. A. SMITH 1876), PP, Il (J)
108 - Tyrannophaedusa (T.) proba (A. ADAMS 1868), PP, Il (J)
Plate 13
109 - Tyrannophaedusa (Tosaphaedusa) cincticollis (EHRMANN 1900), PP, Il (J)
110 - Thaumatoptyx changi H. NORDSIECK 2003, body whorl with PP (T)
111 - Thaumatoptyx crassilamellata (KURODA 1941), PP (T)
112 - Thaumatoptyx diacoptyx (PILSBRY 1908), PP, Il (T)
113 - Thaumatoptyx gonyptyx H. NORDSIECK 2003, PP (T)
114 - Tyrannozaptyx adulta KÄUFEL 1930, PP, Il (R)
115 - Heterozaptyx munus (PILSBRY 1901), PP, Il (R)
Plate 14
116 - Pulchraptyx longiplicata (PILSBRY 1908), PP, Il (R)
117 - Selenoptyx noviluna (PILSBRY 1908), PP, Il (R)
118 - Stereozaptyx entospira (PILSBRY 1901), PP, Il (R)
119 - Diceratoptyx cladoptyx (PILSBRY 1905), PP, Il (R)
120 - Luchuphaedusa (L.) callistochila (PILSBRY 1901), PP, Il (R)
121 - Luchuphaedusa (L.) una (PILSBRY 1902), Il (J)
Plate 15
122 - Luchuphaedusa (Nesiophaedusa) bernardii (L. PFEIFFER 1861), PP, Il (R)
123 - Luchuphaedusa (Nesiophaedusa) nesiothauma (PILSBRY 1901), PP, Il (R)
124 - Oligozaptyx hedleyi (PILSBRY 1905), PP, Il (R)
125 - Phaedusa (P.) coccygea (GREDLER 1888), PP, Il (C)
126 - Phaedusa (P.) elisabethae (MOELLENDORFF 1881), PP, Il (C)
127 - Phaedusa (P.) lypra (MABILLE 1887), PP, Il (V)
128 - Phaedusa (P.) paviei (MORLET 1892), PP, Il (V)
129 - Phaedusa (P.) timorensis H. NORDSIECK 2007, Il (I)
Plate 16
130 - Phaedusa (Metaphaedusa) hilberi (O. BOETTGER 1884), PP, Il (C)
131 - Phaedusa (Metaphaedusa) pseudobensoni (BOETTGER & SCHMACKER 1894), PP, Il (C)
132 - Phaedusa (Pseudophaedusa) horikawai KURODA 1941, PP, Il (T)
133 - Phaedusa (Pseudophaedusa) sieboldtii (L. PFEIFFER 1848), PP, Il (J)
134 - Phaedusa (Stereophaedusa) goniopoma (PILSBRY 1902), PP, Il (J)
135 - Phaedusa (Stereophaedusa) gouldi (A. ADAMS 1868), PP, Il (J)
136 - Phaedusa (Stereophaedusa) japonica (CROSSE 1871), PP, Il (J)
137 - Phaedusa (Stereophaedusa) tryoni (PILSBRY 1901), PP (J)
138 - Parazaptyx thaumatopoma (PILSBRY 1905), PP, Il (R)
Plate 17
139 - Renschiphaedusa cumingiana (L. PFEIFFER 1845), PP, Il (I)
140 - Paraphaedusa makassarensis (SYKES 1897), PP, Il (I)
141 - Reinia (Pictophaedusa) holotrema (PILSBRY 1902), PP, Il (J)
142 - Reinia (Parareinia) euholostoma (PILSBRY 1901), PP, Il (J)
143 - Reinia (R.) ashizuriensis AZUMA 1968, PP, Il (J)
144 - Reinia (R.) variegata (A. ADAMS 1868), PP, Il (J)
145 - Euphaedusa (Dentiphaedusa) spinula (HEUDE 1882), PP, Il (C)
146 - Euphaedusa (E.) aculus (BENSON 1842), PP, Il (C)
147 - Euphaedusa (E.) krejcii H. NORDSIECK 2001, Il (C)
Plate 18
148 - Euphaedusa (Papilliphaedusa) lorraini (MENKE 1856), Il (C)
149 - Euphaedusa (Papilliphaedusa) porphyrea (MOELLENDORFF 1882), PP, Il (C)
150 - Euphaedusa (Tauphaedusa) stearnsii (PILSBRY 1894), PP, Il (R)
151 - Euphaedusa (Tauphaedusa) tau (O. BOETTGER 1877), PP, Il (J)
152 - Euphaedusa (Telophaedusa) filippina (HEUDE 1882), PP, Il (C)
153 - Euphaedusa (Telophaedusa) gredleri H. NORDSIECK 1998, PP (C)
154 - Euphaedusa (Telophaedusa) socia (GREDLER 1892), PP (C)
155 - Metazaptyx saccatibasis (PILSBRY 1909), PP, Il (R)
Acknowledgements
I thank Mrs. S. HOF (Frankfurt a. M.) for her invaluable technical assistance.
Literature
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(Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Clausiliidae). – Archiv für Molluskenkunde, 127 (1/2): 21-32.
(2001): Revision of the system of the Phaedusinae from mainland China with the description of new
taxa (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Clausiliidae). – Archiv für Molluskenkunde, 129 (1/2): 25-63, 6
pls.
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