The Economics of Inequality SECOND EDITION BY A. B. ATKINSON CLARENDON PRESS • OXFORD 1983 Oxford University Press, Walton Street, Oxford 0X2 6DP London Glasgow New York Toronto Delhi Bombay Calcutta Madras Karachi Kuala Lumpur Singapore Hong Kong Tokyo Nairobi Dar es Salaam Cape Town Melbourne Auckland and associated companies in Beirut Berlin Ibadan Mexico City Nicosia Oxford is a trade mark of Oxford University Press Published in the United States by Oxford University Press, New York First published 1975 Second edition 1983 ©A.B.Atkinson Trust Fund 1975,1983 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of Oxford University Press British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Atkinson, A.B. The economics of inequality. — 2nd ed. 1. Wealth I. Title 339.4'1 HB771 ISBN 0-19-877209-2-j ISBN 0-19-877208-4 Pbk Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Atkinson, A.B. (Anthony Barnes) The economics of inequality. Bibliography: p. Includes index. 1. Income distribution. 2. Wealth. 3. Income maintenance programs. I. Title. HC79.I5A81983 339.2 83-4153 ISBN 0-19-877209-2 (Oxford University Press) ISBN 0-19-877208-4 (Oxford University Press: pbk.) Typeset by Hope Services, Abingdon and printed in Great Britain by Billing & Sons Ltd London and Worcester CONTENTS List of figures x List of tables xi 1 Introduction 1 2 An overall view 10 3 Conceptual problems 35 4 Income distribution: Evidence 61 5 The distribution of earnings and personal characteristics 97 6 The distribution of earnings and the labour market 131 7 The concentration of wealth: Evidence 157 8 Wealth and the causes of concentration 179 9 Factor shares 200 10 Poverty 224 11 Policies for income maintenance 256 12 The approach to the issues 283 References 286 Author Index 321 Subject Index 327
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