By
E. J. Lee
19 May 2015
Darmstadt
German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy
Presenter Profile
 Dr. E. J. Lee ([email protected]; +82-10-6752-1212)
 Korea Institute of Energy Research , KIER
 Principal Researcher, New Renewable Energy Research Division
 Solar-Geothermal Micro Generation Expert
 Careers :
 PhD in Mechanical Engineer at Oklahoma State Univ. (OSU) (1987)
 Nuclear Thermal-Hydraulic Safety Analysis, KAERI (1987 ~ 1993)
 Building Integrated Renewable Energy Design, KIER (1993 ~ now)
 Adjunct Professor, Dept of RE (Renewable Energy) in
UST (Univ. of Science and Tech) (now)
 Activities:
 International official Trainer of RETScreen
 IGSHPA Certified Geo System Designer and Trainer
 Solar Geo Building Technology R&DB Consulting(IEA EBC, SHP & HPP expert)
Overview of KIER
Since 1977
Korea Institute of Energy Research
History : 39 years
Employees : 619 (252 PhDs)
R&D Budget : 136M USD / year
4 KIER Branches in Korea
KIER Major R&D Areas
1
3
2
Non-Co2
4
5
6
Energy status of Korea
(Million TOE)
(Oil) (Coal) (Nuclear) (LNG) (Hydro/Etc)
Republic of Korea
Area : 99,720 km2
Population: 51,978,000 (2015)
Energy Demand : 280 Million TOE
– 97% imported (2013)
Energy status of Korea
1. PV
2. Solar thermal
Heat
3. Wind
Renewable
Energy (8)
4. Hydropower
5. Geothermal
6. Ocean Energy
Fuel
7. Waste Energy
8. Biomass
New
Energy (3)
1. Hydrogen
2. Fuel Cell
3. Coal gasification/liquefaction
Electricity
Energy status of Korea
Solar >> Geo > Wind > Biomass
(unit : million TOE/year)
Type
Potential
Solar Thermal
Geothermal
Available
3,500
11,100
PV
191
390
Wind
165
8
Hydropower
8
1
Biomass
11
2
Sum
11,284
4092
※ Source : Korea Institute of Energy Research (2004)
KIGAM (2008)
NRE Sources Map
(Case : Wind Energy in Korea)
※ Source : http://kredc.kier.re.kr
Renewable Energy Plan(Market) of Korea
3.2% (‘12) → 3.6 %(‘14) → 5.0 %(‘20) → 7.7% (‘25) → 9.7% (‘30) → 11% (‘35)
3.7% ('12) → 6.0 % (‘14) → 9.0 % (‘20) → 11.5% (‘25) → 13.1% (‘30) → 13.4% (‘35)
120
120
100
100
80
67
1,6
4,4
4,1
60
2,5
2,7
6,6
40
1,1
0,7
9,3
1,1
0,9
9,7
18,8
15,2
13,3
6,3
2,2
2,7
0,3
2012
2,6
4,9
0,5
2014
11,7
1,4
2020
20
0
Solar Thermal
Photovoltaic
Wind
29,2
1,4
6,4
3,3
1,3
8,5
2,9
18,5
18
19
15,6
12,9
Bio
Energy
60
5,6
2025
2030
2035
Ocean
Waste
63,3
2,4
20
3,7
0
6,2
11,6
10,7
10,5
23,1
21,5
2,3
6,1
1,6
19,8
13,7
6,7
28
3,3
8,6
2,3
8,2
1,8
14,1
8,1
39,3
18,2
18,7
Geothermal
11,4
11,8
60,2
40
7,9
Hydro
0
4,9
80
0
49,8
68,4
32,4
0
2
14,9
2,3
5,1
1,3
2,1
4,9
1,2
29,3
30,2
23,2
5,3
4,7
5,7
3,7
4
7,5
15,2
19,1
21,5
23,4
2012
2014
2020
2025
2030
2035
Photovoltaic
Wind
Bio
Hydro
Ocean
Power
Waste
Fuel Cell
Coal (IGCC)
Renewable Energy Obligation for Public Building
Target
Public buildings with floor area over 1,000m2 has a mandatory to
supply more than 12% renewable energy of the expected energy
consumption.
Strategy
Renewable energy obligation is more than 30% in 2020
- 2,985 sites supply, 153,859toe supply(plan) (on 2013)
Obligation ratio trend (~2020)
Year
2011
2015
2020
Percentage
10%
15%
30%
Demonstration Site
Jeju International Airport (2011)
Photovoltaic 20kW, Solar Thermal 97㎡, Geothermal 200RT
More than 100 million won per year energy savings, greenhouse gas reduction up to 400-500tCO2
Renewable Energy Obligation for Public Building
Renewable Obligation for Public Building and Implementation Status(~2013)
Annual Energy Source Distribution
Renewable Sources Distribution
 Geothermal, Solar Energy Increase Continuously on
plant capacity
(toe)
40.000
839
35.000
238
30.000
25.000
520
15.000
[백분율]
13.181
117
213
411
10.055
121
148
4.727 5.753 3.164 3.560
3.889 4.983 4.269
126
- 1.297
134 985 756 936 1.173
5.000
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
태양광
지열
태양열
Photovol
taic
21.151
448
20.135
13.896
12.481
10.000
Solar
Thermal
23.758
0
393
20.000
 Major for on Geothermal(72%) and Photovoltaic(26%)
폐기물
(PV) (Geothermal) (Solar Thermal) (Waste)
[백분율]
Geother
mal
[백분율]
Energy Policy Status of Korea
NRE Incentive Program
Type
(unit : USD)
equipment or capacity(performance)
Solar thermal
Flat type․
vacuum tube
type
exceed 7.0㎡
below
14.0㎡
exceed 14.0㎡
below
20㎡
Geothermal
Fuel cell
1,330/kW
exceed 2.0kW~below 3.0kW
940/kW
1,120/kW
exceed 10.0MJ/m2·day
520/㎡
620/㎡
exceed 7.5MJ/m2·day~
below 10.0MJ/m2·day
480/㎡
570/㎡
below 7.5MJ/m2·day
460/㎡
550/㎡
exceed 10.0MJ/m2·day
460/㎡
550/㎡
exceed 7.5MJ/m2·day~
below 10.0MJ/m2·day
420/㎡
500/㎡
below 7.5MJ/m2·day
400/㎡
480/㎡
exceed 10.0MJ/m2·day
420/㎡
500/㎡
exceed 7.5MJ/m2·day~
below 10.0MJ/m2·day
390/㎡
460/㎡
below 7.5MJ/m2·day
370/㎡
440/㎡
below 10.5kW
790/kW
940/kW
exceed 10.5kW ~ below 17.5kW
610/kW
730/kW
31,570/kW
37,880/kW
Fixed type
below 7.0㎡
Vertical closed type
below 1kW
Subsidy
(island area)
1,110/kW
below 2.0kW
Photovoltaic
Subsidy
(general)
Reference : Notification of new&renewable energy supporting policy, 2014, New&Renewable Energy Center, Korea Energy
Management Corporation, http://www.energy.or.kr/
Solar-Geo Hybrid Energy Research
Key R&D Area
Geothermal Energy
Resource and GSHP Design Assessment
- Close Loop: H, V, Slinky type
- Open Loop: Single Well, Double Well
- Unit and System Rating and Evaluation
Solar Thermal Energy
Resource and SAH, SWH Design Assessment
- Low Cost High Efficiency System
- Standard and Code Development
- Unit and System Rating and Evaluation
Renewable Energy Hybrid MG System
Thermal-Electric Hybrid System (PVT, CPV)
Solar Daylighting (Prism Light Pipe)
Hybrid (Solar+Geo+…) MG, ORC, Co-gen, Tri-gen
LCA (RETScreen for Solar, GSHP and other REs)
Geothermal Energy Research
Geothermal
Target
Construction cost of heat pump system : 3,400 USD/RT
Distribution : 35,382 RT(2012) / 123,239 RT(Total)
3C (Cost ↓, Compactness↓, COP ↑) issue
Strategy
Developing & justifying geothermal heating & cooling systems
Developing low-cost boring and construction technologies
Developing design & commissioning technology for small (< 1MW),
middle(<10MW) and large(>10MW) geothermal power plants
Core Field
Geothermal heat pump system with lower cost and higher reliability
Underground heat exchanger
Certification & standardization of geothermal system
Reference : Energy statistics handbook 2014, Korea Energy Management Corporation
Heat Pump System
(100RT KIER)
Solar Thermal Energy Research
Solar Thermal
Target
Zero Energy Solar House : 90% energy independence
Solar Cooling System ( 0.7 COP )
Distribution : 63,775 m2(2012) / 1,713,097 m2(Total)
Strategy
Developing cost effective Solar House
Hot Water Supply
(Chosun University)
Developing High-temp. Solar Thermal System for electricity
Inducing the major company participation
Core Field
High efficiency & new material solar collector
Building integrated PV hybrid solar collector
Dish-Striling Engine (10kW, 25kW) for solar thermal pwower
Dish-striling Engine
(10kW, KIER)
Reference : Energy statistics handbook 2014, Korea Energy Management Corporation
Photovoltaic Research
PV(Photovoltaic)
Target
Power generation cost : 0.15 USD/kWh
System cost : 0.5 USD/W
Distribution : 295,159 kW(2012) / 1,024,316 kW(Total)
Strategy
Developing price reduction technologies
PV Power Plant (1MW, POSCO)
Growing PV cell production with semiconductor & display companies
Strengthening international cooperation for the global market
Core Field
High-durable dye-sensitized solar cell
High-efficient & wide thin film solar cell
Metallurgical refining process for low-cost silicon feedstock
Ribbon growth process for low-cost silicon wafer
Reference : Energy statistics handbook 2014, Korea Energy Management Corporation
CIGS Thin Film Solar Cell
(KIER)
Photovoltaic-Thermal(PVT) Research
Photovoltaic Thermal
Target
BIPVT Prefab Module
Electrical efficiency : 15%
Thermal efficiency : 40%
Strategy
Developing price reduction technologies
Building integrated design technology
BIPV/T
Strengthening international cooperation for the global market
Core Field
High-efficiency & low cost module
High-efficiency solar cells
High-efficiency solar thermal collector
Reference : Energy statistics handbook 2014, Korea Energy Management Corporation
Surface area: 288m2
- Up to 25kWe
- Over 75kWh ventilation fresh air
heating
- Total peak efficiency: over 55%
Micro-Generation Research
■ Hybrid with Multiple RE MG’s
- GSHP+SH+Wind+Solar+ICT for ZEB and SET
- Renewable(Waste) energy ORC, MG, TG
■ Feasibility and Policy Study
- LCA : RETScreen
- Obligation : RPS, RHO
- Incentive : CBIP, REDI
■ Thermal-Daylight System
- Daylighting with Prism film light pipe
Organic Rankin Cycle(ORC)
Daylighting system
RETScreen
Micro-Generation Research
■ Thermal-Electric Co-Gen System
- Photovoltaic Thermal (PVT)
> Outdoor PVT SET (KIER)
> Indoor PVT SET (PSE AG)
- Concentrator PV(CPV)
- Fuel Cells (SOFC, PEM-FC) Co-Generation
Fuel Cell Cogen system
Outdoor PVT SET
Indoor PVT SET
Solar Concentrator system
Micro-Generation Research
Module SET facility for PVT Simulation in
KIER(ISO 9806, IEC 61215)
Module IET facility for PVT-GSHP
Simulation in KIER(IPMVP 4.4.2)
Photovoltaic-Thermal(PVT) Research
PVT Module Performance Data(Example)
0.7
IEA-SHC
y = -10.228x + 0.7184
0.6
PVT Model
TRNSYS model
Linear (TRNSYS model)
Thermal Efficiency
Linear (IEA-SHC)
at STC
0.5
Model - P
Value
Unit
Value
Unit
Module
Dimension
1.6335
m2
2.56 (3.59)
m2
Electrical
Output
235
We
295
We
Electrical
Output / m2
144
We/m2
115
We/m2
Electrical
Efficiency
14.4
%
11.5
%
Thermal
Output
(Ti = 50˚C)
500
Wt
1535
Wt
Thermal
Output / m2
306
Wt/m2
428
Wt/m2
Thermal
Efficiency
30.6
%
42.8
%
Temperature
Efficiency
Coefficient
-0.4
%/˚C
-0.2
%/˚C
(1000W/m2 ,25˚C)
y = -7.3729x + 0.6027
Model - H
0.4
0.3
0.2
Working Domain
0.1
0
0
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
(T m-T am)/G
250
IEA-SHC
TRNSYS model
Linear (TRNSYS model)
Linear (IEA-SHC)
DC Power (W)
200
150
y = 0.23x - 10.027
y = 0.2378x - 4.7585
100
50
Cost
0
0
200
400
600
800
1000
Module Cost
1 USD/W(SI), 0.6 USD/W(CIGS)
System Cost
2,500 USD/kW (below 3kW system)
2
G (W/m )
Reference : based on Manufacture’s specification of each PVT module
Energy Analysis Research
World-wide analysis tool of energy production, life-cycle costs and greenhouse gas
emissions reductions
- Horizontal & Vertical close-loop
- Groundwater open-loop
- Residential, Commercial
- Institutional & Industrial
CDM Project Analysis Program
KIER Zero-energy Solar House
Location
: Daejeon, Korea
Floors
: 2 Floors + Basement
Total area
: 262 m2 [1st : 94 m2, 2nd : 70 m2 ]
Heating /cooling area : 138.6 m2
Structure
: Reinforced Concrete
Completion : December 2002
Exterior Wall : Concrete + Exterior Insulation + Finishing
Window
: Gas-filled low-e pair glass + System Frame
Demand Target : 70% Self-sufficiency in thermal load
Korea Geothermal Market Trend
 About 300M USD/year for Ground Source Heat Pump domestic
market in Korea `14
 80% of renewable energy for public building is geothermal
energy (3%/year growth)
 Geothermal energy is expected to be large portion of
renewable energy for new and retrofit apartment complex
(high rise multi residential building which typical residential
building type in Korea)
Ground loop
 The design of the entire building with geothermal heating and
cooling increases and project with 1,000RT and higher is also
increasing
 Key players : Kotec Eng., Sinsung Eng., Topsol, DaeSung, LG,
Samsung
Seoul City Hall / Lotte World Tower
Korea Solar Thermal Market Trend
 About $80M USD/year for Solar thermal domestic market
in Korea `14
 RHO(Renewable Heat Obligation) in 2016 will affect
positively to increase the market
 Increasing demand on higher temperature collector
technology for industrial application
 Increasing demand on hybrid devices to produce cooling,
heating and power such as Tri-generation
 Increasing interest on geothermal and solar thermal
hybrid technology for ZEB and ZET
 Lager centralized solar heating system development for
communities such as DLSC
 Key players : JehIn, Topsol, Emax System, SY Energy,
DaeSung finetech, SeHan Energy
Cananda Drake Landing Solar Community
(DLSC)
Conclusion
 Overview of KIER and heating, cooling and power with renewable energy buildings in
Korea have been introduced
 Renewable energy market in Korea is increasing along the renewable energy policy Such
as Feed-in-Tariff, PBO, RHO and RPS (Energy : 0.7%/year, Power : 1.8%/year)
 Public building contributed to increase renewable energy market as more than 3%/year
 Key cost effective renewable energy technologies of building (Heating/Cooling) are
Geothermal and Solar Thermal in Korea
 Future renewable energy technology trend in Korea are ;
- Separated technologies into Integrated technologies with ICT/SISO
- Supply side (Macro generation) into Demand side (Micro generation) technologies
- Unit technologies into Hybrid technologies
(Solar-geothermal hybrid, ORC, WSP, Heating/Cooling/Power Tri-generation)