|1 Burroughs Politische Diskurse | Political Discourse Political and Media Discourses of Illegal Immigration in Ireland Elaine Burroughs ISBN 978-3-8487-2082-8 BUC_Burroughs_2082-8.indd 1 1 Political and Media Discourses of Illegal Immigration in Ireland Nomos 01.07.15 08:54 http://www.nomos-shop.de/24993 Das Konzept Diskurs steht heute im Zentrum vieler sozial- und geisteswissenschaftlicher Arbeiten, die sich für die Konstruktion sozialer Realität durch sprachlich-symbolische Praktiken interessieren. Während die Diskursforschung in den 1980er-Jahren noch ein Nischen-Dasein fristete, ist sie seither zu einem zentralen Bestandteil zahlreicher Disziplinen geworden. Diese Reihe bietet ein Forum für Forscherinnen und Forscher, die sich insbesondere mit der politischen Funktion von Diskursen auseinandersetzen, wie etwa mit der Beziehung zwischen Diskurs und Macht, mit sozialen/politischen Grenzziehungen, Exklusionsmechanismen, Identitätskonstruktionen oder mit der Schaffung von (Un)Möglichkeitsräumen für politisches Handeln. Die Reihe ist offen für Monographien, Sammelbände und Dissertationen aus verschiedenen Disziplinen, die in deutscher oder englischer Sprache verfasst sind. Alle Beiträge durchlaufen ein anonymes Peer-Review-Verfahren. Schriftenreihe Politische Diskurse | Political Discourse herausgegeben von Eva Herschinger, Judith Renner, Alexander Spencer Band 1 BUT_Burroughs_2082-8.indd 2 02.07.15 11:42 http://www.nomos-shop.de/24993 Elaine Burroughs Political and Media Discourses of Illegal Immigration in Ireland Nomos BUT_Burroughs_2082-8.indd 3 02.07.15 11:42 http://www.nomos-shop.de/24993 Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data is available in the Internet at http://dnb.d-nb.de a.t.: Maynooth, Univ., Diss., 2012 ISBN 978-3-8487-2082-8 (Print) 978-3-8452-6472-1 (ePDF) British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN 978-3-8487-2082-8 (Print) 978-3-8452-6472-1 (ePDF) Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Burroughs, Elaine Political and Media Discourses of Illegal Immigration in Ireland Elaine Burroughs 298 p. Includes bibliographic references. ISBN 978-3-8487-2082-8 (Print) 978-3-8452-6472-1 (ePDF) 1. Edition 2015 © Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft, Baden-Baden, Germany 2015. Printed and bound in Germany. This work is subject to copyright. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publishers. Under § 54 of the German Copyright Law where copies are made for other than private use a fee is payable to “Verwertungsgesellschaft Wort”, Munich. No responsibility for loss caused to any individual or organization acting on or refraining from action as a result of the material in this publication can be accepted by Nomos or the author. BUT_Burroughs_2082-8.indd 4 02.07.15 11:42 http://www.nomos-shop.de/24993 Table of Contents List of Figures 15 List of Tables 17 Chapter 1: Framing Illegal Immigration in Ireland 19 1.1 Illegal Immigration in the International and European Contexts 20 1.2 Illegal Immigration in the Irish Context 1.2.1 The Nature of Illegal Immigration in Ireland 1.2.2 The Extent of Illegal Immigration in Ireland 1.2.3 Defining Illegal Immigration 23 26 30 32 1.3 Key Aims of this Book 35 1.4 Chapter Contents 37 Chapter 2: A Foucauldian Approach to Power and Discourse 39 2.1 The Functioning of Power through Discursive Ideologies 41 2.2 Foucault’s Understanding of Power 43 2.3 The Production of Subjectivities 46 2.4 The Nation State and National Identity 47 2.5 Texts and Discourses 50 2.6 Foucault’s Understanding of Discourses 51 2.7 The Role of Discourses 52 Chapter 3: A Critical Discourse Analysis Approach to Analysing Institutional Discourses 3.1 Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) 3.1.1 The Principles and Aims of CDA 3.1.2 Critiquing CDA 59 60 64 67 9 http://www.nomos-shop.de/24993 Table of Contents 3.2 Historical Argumentation Analysis (Topoi Analysis) 3.3 Analysing Institutional Texts 3.3.1 Parliamentary Texts 3.3.2 Newsprint Media Texts 3.3.3 The Discursive Links Between the Parliament and Newsprint Media 77 78 82 3.4 Research Design 3.4.1 How the Institutional Data was Gathered and Organized 3.4.2 The Number of Texts Identified from the Institutions 3.4.3 The Interview Data 87 Chapter 4: Irish Parliamentary Texts 84 88 91 99 105 4.1 The Irish Nation State and Parliament 108 4.2 Parliamentary Findings 111 4.3 The Control Topos 4.3.1 Illegal Immigration into Ireland must be Prevented and Controlled 4.3.2 The Irish Government’s controlling of illegal immigration is too restrictive. 4.3.3 US Immigration Policies are too Restrictive 114 4.4 The Economy Topos 4.4.1 Illegal Immigrants have a Negative Impact on the Economy (2003-2004) 4.4.2 Illegal Immigrants/Undocumented Irish Migrants benefit the Economy (2005-2007) 4.4.3 Illegal Immigrants have a negative impact on the Economy (2008-2009) 127 4.5 The Humanitarian Topos 4.5.1 The Protection of Illegal Immigrants’ Human Rights 4.5.2 The Protection of those Smuggled/ Trafficked 10 70 116 124 125 129 132 134 137 139 140 http://www.nomos-shop.de/24993 Table of Contents 4.5.3 The Provision of Humanitarian Rights for the Undocumented Irish in the US 141 4.6 The Danger Topos 4.6.1 Illegal Immigrants are Criminals and Involved in Fraudulent Activities 4.6.2 The Irish Border Required Protection from Dangerous Illegal Immigrants 142 4.7 The Culture Topos 4.7.1 The Undocumented Irish are Culturally Desirable 4.7.2 Illegal Immigrants in Ireland are Culturally Desirable 149 4.8 Representations of Illegal Immigrants in Irish Parliamentary Texts Chapter 5: Irish Newsprint Media Texts 144 145 150 152 153 159 5.1 Newsprint Media Findings 160 5.2 The Control Topos 5.2.1 Justifying the Prevention and Control Illegal Immigration in Ireland 5.2.2 Representing European Control Measures are the Standard for Ireland to Follow 5.2.3 Control Measures in Ireland are too Restrictive and Regularizations are Suggested 5.2.4 US Immigration Policies Should be Amended for the Undocumented Irish 162 5.3 The Danger Topos 5.3.1 Illegal Immigrants are Criminals and Dangerous 5.3.2 Illegal Immigrants are a Threat to National Security 5.3.3 Illegal Immigrants Carry Diseases 172 5.4 The Humanitarian Topos 5.4.1 Travelling by Dangerous Methods, Detention, and Deportation. 178 163 168 171 171 174 176 178 180 11 http://www.nomos-shop.de/24993 Table of Contents 5.4.2 Humanitarian Assistance in Ireland 5.4.3 Humanitarian Assistance in the US 182 183 5.5 The Economy Topos 5.5.1 Illegal Immigrants Exploit the Welfare/ Asylum System 5.5.2 The Expense of Deportations 5.5.3 The Undocumented Irish Contribute to the US Economy 184 5.6 The Culture Topos 5.6.1 Non-EU Migrants are Deceitful People 5.6.2 Irish Immigration Laws are Insufficient against Undesirable Illegal Immigrants 5.6.3 The Undocumented Irish are Desirable People 189 191 5.7 Representations of Illegal Immigrants in Irish Newsprint Media Texts 186 188 189 193 194 196 Chapter 6: Discursive Representations of Illegal Immigrants 201 6.1 Overall Findings from the Institutional Texts 202 6.2 The Control Topos 206 6.3 The Danger Topos 218 6.4 The Humanitarian Topos 223 6.5 The Economy Topos 227 6.6 The Culture Topos 234 6.7 Additional Discursive Aspects 6.7.1 The Linguistic Interrelations of the Five Topoi 6.7.2 Denials and Justifications of Racism 6.7.3 The (Mis)Use of Terminology 6.7.4 Discourses of National Identity 238 Chapter 7: The Function of Ideological Discourses 7.1 Theoretically Framing Illegal Immigration 7.1.1 Governance through the Nation State Rationale 12 238 239 241 242 245 245 248 http://www.nomos-shop.de/24993 Table of Contents 7.1.2 The Maintenance of Inequality 7.1.3 Legitimized Expressions of Racism 250 250 7.2 Contribution to Knowledge 253 7.3 Suggestions for Future Research 256 7.4 A Summary of the Chapters 257 7.5 A Solution to Illegal Immigration? 258 7.6 The Lived Experience of Illegal Immigration 260 Bibliography 263 13
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