Ϩ㸬ࢺࣞࡽࡢ₃࠼࠸㡢పῶ㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲ Study on Reduction of Leakage Sound from Restroom Stall ୰ᮧ ᑗኈ 㔠᳃ ┤ᕼ ⩚ᰘ ┤ బᒣ ᙪ NAKAMURA Soshi KANAMORI Naoki HASHIBA Toshinao SAYAMA Toshihiko Abstract Excretion sounds generated from public restroom will leak and be heard outside. However, it is quite difficult to eliminate perfectly or change qualitatively the excretion sounds. Therefore, we tried to reduce the excretion sounds leaking the restroom in the following three phases. First, by the examinations, the sound source due to falling of water drops on the water surface in the toilet bowl, it shows that the cushion on the water surface has remarkable sound attenuating effect. Second, the attempt of reducing the radiated sound from the toilet bowl lead to the fact that the closing of the gap between the toilet bowl and the toilet seat with the rubber sponge has sufficient sound attenuating effect. In addition, the examination of sound attenuating performance of the walls surrounding the toilet cubicle confirmed that the plastic cardboard has sound attenuating effect of about 2 dB(A). ࡓࠋᅗ 2 ࡣࠊ⟬ฟࡋࡓ㡢ᅽࢫ࣌ࢡࢺࣝࢆ♧ࡍࠋ1 ᅇ┠ࠊ2 ᅇ┠ࡢ 㸯㸬⥴ゝ ㏆ᖺࠊタ࣭ᗑ⯒࠾࠸࡚㞟ᐈࢆ┠ⓗࡋ࡚ࢺࣞࢆᩚഛ࣭ᨵ ಟࡍࡿࡇࡀ┒ࢇ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࢺࣞࢆ࠺ேࡢᚰ㇟ࢆࡼࡃ ᐃࡶⓎ⏕㡢ࡣᗈ࠸࿘ἼᩘᖏᇦΏࡗ࡚ฟ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ ࡃ⣙ 0.5 㹼1kHz ࡛㡢ᅽࣞ࣋ࣝࡀࡼࡾࡁࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀศࡗࡓࠋ ࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊࢺࣞ⏝Ⓨ⏕ࡍࡿἥ㡢ᑐࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ࣐ࢫ࢟ 㻢㻌㻔㻵㼚㼚㼑㼞㻌㼐㼕㼍㼙㼑㼠㼑㼞㻕 ࣥࢢࡢࡓࡵࡢᨃ㡢⨨ࡀタ⨨ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࢁࡶ࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ㟈 ⅏ࢺࣞࡢ⏝ࢆᡃ៏ࡋࡓࡓࡵᗣ⿕ᐖࡀ⏕ࡌࡓ࠸࠺ᩍ 㼃㼍㼠㼑㼞㻌㼜㼛㼠 㻥㻜㻜 㻹㼕㼏㼞㼛㼜㼔㼛㼚㼑 カࡽࠊദࡸ⅏ᐖ୍ⓗᒇෆእタ⨨ࡉࢀࡿ௬タࢺࣞ ࡛ࡣࠊ㐽㡢ᛶࡢ㧗࠸ࢺࣞࡢ㟂せࡶ㧗ࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋࡋࠊẼ ࡢ㠃ࡽࠊࢺࣞಶᐊࡣ㛤ཱྀ㒊ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࠊಶᐊෆ࡛Ⓨ⏕ ࡋࡓ㡢ࡣᚲ↛ⓗಶᐊእ₃ࢀฟࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊࡃዪᛶࡣࠊ 㻠㻡㻜 ᨃ㡢⨨ࡢ㡢㔞ࢆࡁࡃࡍࡿሙྜࡀከ࠸ࡳࡽࢀࡿࡇࠊ࠾ࡼࡧ 㼀㼛㼕㼘㼑㼠㻌㼎㼛㼣㼘 ᨃ㡢⨨ᮏ≀ࡢὶỈ㡢࣭ࢺࣞὙί㡢ࡢ㡢㉁ࡀ␗࡞ࡿࡇࢆẼ 㼁㼚㼕㼠㻌㻦㻌㼙㼙 ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀᣦ(1)ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡑࡇ࡛ࠊᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊ⏝㊊ࡋࡢ㝿ࢺࣞಶᐊእ₃ࢀฟࡿ㡢 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 (a). ᐇ㦂⎔ቃ㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 (b). ᐇ㦂䛾ᵝᏊ ࢆ✚ᴟⓗపῶࡍࡿࡇࢆヨࡳࡓࠋ 㻌 (a). Experimental Environment.㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 (b). A scene of the experiment. ᅗ 1䠊㻌 Ỉ⬦ⴠୗ㡢Ⓨ⏕ᐇ㦂 Fig.1. An experiment to generate the water fall sounds. 㸰㸬Ⓨ⏕㡢ㄪᰝ 㡢ࡢపῶ᪉ἲࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࡓࡵࡣࠊ⏝㊊ࡋⓎ⏕ࡍࡿ㡢ࡢ≉ ᚩࢆㄪࡿࡇࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࠊỈ⬦ࡀ౽ჾෆࡢỈ⁀ࡢỈ 㠃ⴠୗࡍࡿ㝿Ⓨ⏕ࡍࡿ㡢ࡢ࿘Ἴᩘ≉ᛶࢆ ᐃࡋࡓࠋᅗ 1 ࡣࠊ Ỉ㠃Ⓨ⏕㡢ࢆᐇ㝿ࡢࢺࣞࡢ౽ჾ(ᐩᒣ┴ᕤᴗᢏ⾡ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ᶵᲔ 㟁Ꮚ◊✲ᡤタ⨨ࡉࢀࡓከ┠ⓗࢺࣞ)ࢆࡗ࡚ ᐃࡋࡓ㝿ࡢᵝ Ꮚ࡛࠶ࡿࠋỈὙࢺࣞࡢỈ㠃㧗ࡉ 900mm ࡽᑠᆺࡢࢪࣙ࢘ࣟ ࡛Ỉࢆ౽ჾෆࡢ୰ᚰ㏆ࡢỈ⁀ࡾᆶࡽࡋࡓ㝿ࡢⓎ⏕㡢ࢆࠊ㧗ࡉ 450mm タ⨨ࡋࡓ⢭ᐦ㦁㡢ィ(B&K 2236)ࡢ࣐ࢡ᳨࡛ࣟ࣍ࣥฟ ࡋࠊࣜࢽ PCM ࣞࢥ࣮ࢲ㸦TASKAM DR-100MKII㸧㘓ࡋࡓ 㡢ᅽἼᙧࡽ࿘Ἴᩘ≉ᛶࢆ⟬ฟࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢ᧯సࢆ 2 ᅇᐇࡋ 㸱㸬◊✲ࡢ㐍ࡵ᪉࠾ࡼࡧ┠ᶆ ౽ჾෆࡢỈ⁀ࡢỈ㠃ࡽⓎ⏕ࡋࡓ㡢ᅽࡣࠊ౽ჾෆࡢ✵㛫࠾ࡼࡧ ౽ჾࡢഃቨࢆ⤒⏤ࡋ࡚౽ჾእᨺᑕࡉࢀࠊࡑࡢᚋࢺࣞಶᐊࢆ㝸 ࡚ࡿቨࡢእఏᦙࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡛ࠊࢺࣞಶᐊእࡢཷ㡢Ⅼ࡛㡢ᅽ ࡀほ ࡉࢀࡿࠋ㡢࠸࠺≀⌮⌧㇟ࡢ≉ᚩࢆ⪃៖ࡍࡿࠊࡲࡎ㡢ࡢ Ⓨ⏕※࠾࠸࡚ᑐ⟇ࢆࡋࠊḟఏᦙ⤒㊰࠾ࡅࡿᑐ⟇ࢆࡍࡇ ࡀ⮬↛࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࠊ᭱ึࠊ౽ჾෆࡢỈ⁀ࡾࡢỈ㠃࠾ࡅ ࡿⓎ⏕㡢ࡑࡢࡶࡢࢆపῶࡍࡿࡇࢆ᳨ウ(㸲❶)ࡋࠊḟࠊ౽ᗙࡼ - 䠍 - −1− ࡾࡶୗഃࡢ✵㛫࠾ࡅࡿఏᦙ⤒㊰ᑐ⟇(5 ❶)ࢆࡋࠊ᭱ᚋࠊಶᐊ ࡞࠾ࠊࢫ࣏ࣥࢪ⣬ࡣࠊୗグࡢࡼ࠺ࡋ࡚స〇ࡋࡓࠋᅗ 3 ♧ࡍ ࢆ㝸࡚ࡿቨࡲ࡛ࡢ✵㛫࠾ࡅࡿఏᦙ⤒㊰ᑐ⟇(6 ❶)ࢆࡍ࠸࠺ࠊ ࡼ࠺ࠊᕷ㈍ࡢࢺࣞࢵࢺ࣮࣌ࣃ࣮ࢆ⣽ࡃ○ࡁࠊ㔜᭪ࠊࢡ࢚ࣥ 3 ẁ㝵࡛ࢺࣞಶᐊእࡢཷ㡢Ⅼ࠾ࡅࡿ㡢ᅽࢆపῶࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ 㓟ࠊ࠾ࡼࡧỈࢆຍ࠼࡚ⓎἻࡉࡏࡓᾮయࢆࠊ㔠⥙ࡢୖ࡛ࡍ࠸ࡓᚋࠊ ࡋࡓࠋලయⓗ࡞ᩘ್┠ᶆࡋ࡚ࠊ㦁㡢ࣞ࣋ࣝࡀᮍᑐ⟇ẚ ኳ᪥࡛⇱ࡉࡏࡉࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢࢫ࣏ࣥࢪ⣬ࡢཌࡉࡣ⣙ 5mm ࡚ 3dB(A)௨ୖపῶࡍࡿࡇࢆᥖࡆࡓࠋࡇࡢ್ࡣࠊ㡢㡪࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ㣗ჾ⏝ὙࡢἻࡣࠊᕷ㈍ࡢ㣗ჾ⏝୰ᛶὙᑡ㔞ࡢỈ ࡀ༙ศ࡞ࡿ್࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࢆຍ࠼ࠊࣁࣥࢻ࣑࢟ࢧ࣮࡛༑ศἻ❧࡚ࠊ࡛ࡁࡿࡔࡅ⣽࠸Ἳ ࡋࡓࡶࡢࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࠋ༸ⓑࡢἻࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ༸ⓑᑡ㔞ࡢ◁⢾ࢆຍ ࠼ࠊࣁࣥࢻ࣑࢟ࢧ࣮࡛༑ศἻ❧࡚ࠊἻࢆධࢀࡓᐜჾࢆ㟼㏫ࡉ 10dB/div 䢢 Background noise Water drop sound 1 Water drop sound 2 Sound Pressure Level (dB) ࡋ࡚ࡶἻࡀⴠୗࡋ࡞࠸⛬ᗘࡢ◳ࡉࡋࡓࡶࡢࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࠋ 䢢 0 2 4 6 Frequency (kHz) 8 ᅗ䠏䠊㻌 䝇䝫䞁䝆⣬䛾స〇 Fig.3. Fabrication of Sponge paper. 10 ᅗ 2䠊㻌 Ỉ⬦ⴠୗ㡢䛾࿘Ἴᩘ≉ᛶ Fig.2. Frequency spectrum of water falling sounds. 㸺㸲㸬㸱㸼 ῶ㡢ຠᯝࡢẚ㍑ᐇ㦂 㸰❶࠾ࡅࡿⓎ⏕㡢ࡢㄪᰝᐇ㦂ྠࡌᐇ㦂᪉ἲ࣭⎔ቃࢆ⏝࠸ࠊ Ỉ㠃ୖ⏺㠃ᮦᩱࢆᾋࠊୖ✵ࡽỈࢆᆶࡽࡋࡓ㝿ࡢⓎ⏕㡢ࡢ 㸲㸬Ỉ㠃Ⓨ⏕㡢ࡢపῶ ࿘Ἴᩘ≉ᛶࢆࠊFFT ࢼࣛࢨ(ADVANTEST R9211C)ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ 㸺㸲㸬㸯㸼 㡢ࡢపῶ᪉ἲ ⏝㊊ࡋⓎ⏕ࡍࡿ㡢ࡢ࠺ࡕࠊỈ⬦࣭Ỉࡀ౽ჾෆࡢỈ⁀ⴠ ୗࡍࡿ㝿Ⓨ⏕ࡍࡿ㡢ࢆపῶࡍࡿࡇࢆ⪃࠼ࡿࠋỈ⬦࣭ỈࡀỈ 㠃⾪✺ࡍࡿࠊỈ✵Ẽࡀྲྀࡾ㎸ࡲࢀ࡚✵Ὕ࣭ẼἻࡀ⏕ᡂࡉࢀࠊ ࡑࢀࡽࡀືࠊ◚ࠊศ㞳ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣྜయࡍࡿ㝿㡢ࡀⓎ⏕ࡍࡿ(2)ࠋ ఱࡽࡢ᪉ἲ࡛ࡑࢀࡽࡢ✵Ὕ࣭ẼἻࡢⓎ⏕ࢆᢚไ࣭⦆ࡍࡿࡇ ࡀ࡛ࡁࢀࡤࠊỈ㠃ࡽࡢⓎ⏕㡢ࡶపῶࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ⪃࠼ࡽ ࢀࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࠊᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊỈ㠃ୖูࡢ⏺㠃ࢆタࡅࡿࡇࡼ ࡾࠊ✵Ὕ࣭ẼἻࡢⓎ⏕ࢆᢚไ࣭⦆ࡍࡿࡇࢆ᳨ウࡋࡓࠋ ᐃࡋࡓࠋ ᐃ⤖ᯝࢆᅗ 4 ࠾ࡼࡧᅗ 5 ♧ࡍࠋᅗ 4 ࡽࠊᑠ㯏⢊࠾ ࡼࡧࢫ࣏ࣥࢪ⣬ࡼࡾࠊỈ㠃Ⓨ⏕㡢ࡢ㡢ᅽࡀ ᐃࡋࡓࢇࡢ ࿘Ἴᩘᖏᇦ࡛ῶᑡࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀศࡿࠋࢫ࣏ࣥࢪ⣬ࡣࠊ⣙ 4kHz ௨ୗࡢᖏᇦ࠾ࡅࡿῶ㡢ຠᯝࡀࡁࡃࠊ≉⣙ 500Hz ௨ୗࡢᖏᇦ ࡛ࡣᬯ㦁㡢㏆࠸ࣞ࣋ࣝࡲ࡛㡢ᅽࡀపୗࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊᅗ 5 ࡽࠊ㣗ჾ⏝ὙࡢἻ࠾ࡼࡧ༸ⓑࡢἻࡼࡗ࡚ࡶࠊỈ㠃Ⓨ⏕㡢ࡢ㡢 ᅽࡀ ᐃࡋࡓࢇࡢ࿘Ἴᩘᖏᇦ࡛ῶᑡࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀศ ࡿࠋ≉㣗ჾ⏝ὙࡢἻࡢῶ㡢ຠᯝࡀ㢧ⴭ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ⣙ 4kHz ௨ୖ ࡢᖏᇦ࡛ࡣᬯ㦁㡢ྠ➼ࡢࣞ࣋ࣝࡲ࡛㡢ᅽࡀపୗࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࡞࠾ࠊ ࡁị࠾ࡼࡧ࢟ࣕࣀ࣮ࣛἜࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ≉➹ࡍࡁῶ㡢ຠᯝࡀぢ 㸺㸲㸬㸰㸼 ⏺㠃ᮦᩱ ࡽࢀ࡞ࡗࡓࡓࡵࠊ࿘Ἴᩘ≉ᛶࡢᅗ♧ࡣឡࡋࡓࠋ ⴠୗỈ⬦࣭ỈࡢỈ୰ࡢ✺ධ⾪ᧁࡢ⦆ࠊ࠾ࡼࡧỈ୰ࡢ✵ Ὕ࣭ẼἻࡢࡿ⯙࠸ࡢኚ᭦࠸࠺ほⅬࡽࠊࡉࡽୗỈ㐨ὶࡋ 㸺㸲㸬㸲㸼 ᐇ㝿ࡢ⏝㊊ࡋࢆᐃࡋࡓἻࡢῶ㡢ຠᯝ ࡚ࡶၥ㢟ࡀⓎ⏕ࡋ࡞࠸࠸࠺ほⅬࡽᮦᩱࢆ㑅ᐃࡋࡓࠋ㑅ᢥࡋࡓ ๓⠇࡛㏙ࡓᐇ㦂ࡼࡾ㣗ჾ⏝ὙࡢἻࡢῶ㡢ຠᯝࡀ᭱ࡶ ⏺㠃ᮦᩱࢆ௨ୗ♧ࡍࠋ ࡁ࠸ࡇࡀ᫂ࡽ࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡋࡋࠊἻࡢᒙࡢཌࡉࠊỈ㠃✺ධ ࣭ࢺࣞࢵࢺ࣮࣌ࣃ࣮ ࡍࡿỈࡢ㏿ᗘࠊ࠾ࡼࡧ౽ჾࡢỈ⁀ࡢỈ῝ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊῶ㡢ຠᯝࡀ␗ ࣭ࢫ࣏ࣥࢪ⣬ ࡞ࡿࡇࡀᐜ᫆᥎ᐹࡉࢀࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢࣃ࣓࣮ࣛࢱࢆኚ ࣭࢟ࣕࣀ࣮ࣛἜ ࡉࡏ࡚Ỉ㠃ࡽ㡢ࢆⓎ⏕ࡉࡏࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿᐇ㦂⨨ࢆసᡂ ࣭ࡁị ࡋࠊⓎ⏕㡢ࢆ ᐃࡋࡓࠋᅗ 6 ࡣࠊసᡂࡋࡓᐇ㦂⨨ࡢᶍᘧᅗࢆ♧ ࣭ᑠ㯏⢊ ࡍࠋୗ㒊Ỉᵴࡢୖ✵タ⨨ࡋࡓୖ㒊ࢱࣥࢡࡢࣀࢬࣝࡽỈ⬦ࢆୗ ࣭㣗ჾ⏝ὙࡢἻ 㒊Ỉᵴࡢ୰ᚰ㏆ࡢỈ㠃⮬⏤ⴠୗࡉࡏࠊỈ㠃ࡽⓎ⏕ࡍࡿ㡢ࢆ ࣭༸ⓑࡢἻ㸦࣓ࣞࣥࢤ㸧 㦁㡢ィࡢ࣐ࢡࣟࣇ᳨࢛࡛ࣥฟࡍࡿ⨨࡛࠶ࡿࠋᐇ㦂ࣃ࣓࣮ࣛࢱ - 22 − − ࡣࠊỈ⬦ࡢⴠୗ㧗ࡉ hࠊỈ῝ wࠊ࠾ࡼࡧἻཌࡉ b ࡢ 3 ࡘࡋࡓࠋ 㻟㻝㻜 㻞㻣㻜 ⴠୗ㧗ࡉࡋ࡚ࠊὒᘧ౽ჾࡢ౽ᗙᗙࡗ࡚⏝ࢆ㊊ࡍሙྜ 㼁㼜㼜㼑㼞㻌㼠㼍㼚㼗㻌 (h=250mm)࠾ࡼࡧ❧ࡕᑠ౽ࡢሙྜ(h=600mm)ࢆᐃࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊ ୗ㒊ỈᵴࡢỈ῝ࡋ࡚ࠊ౽ჾࡢỈ⁀ࡾࡀࠊὸ࠸ሙྜ(w=10mm)ࠊ 㻟㻢㻜 ୰ࡃࡽ࠸ࡢሙྜ(w=50mm)ࠊ࠾ࡼࡧ῝࠸ሙྜ(w=100mm)ࢆタᐃࡋ 㻝㻜㻜 ࡓࠋࡉࡽࠊἻཌࡉࡋ࡚ࠊⷧ࠸ሙྜ(b=10mm)ࠊཌ࠸ሙྜ(b=50mm)ࠊ 㻺㼛㼦㼦㼘㼑 㻟㻚㻡㻔㻵㼚㼚㼑㼞㻌㼐㼕㼍㼙㼑㼠㼑㼞㻕 㻞㻜 ࠾ࡼࡧⓎ⏕㡢ࢆపῶࡋ࡞࠸ሙྜ(b=0mm)ࢆタᐃࡋࡓࠋ 㻝㻟㻜 䢢 70 Background noise Water drop sound Flour Paper 60 Sound Pressure Level (dB) 㻹㼕㼏㼞㼛㼜㼔㼛㼚㼑 50 㻞㻜 㻞㻜㻜 㻰㼞㼛㼜㻌㼔㼑㼕㼓㼔㼠 㻔㼔㻕 㻟㻜㻜 㻸㼛㼣㼑㼞㻌㼠㼍㼚㼗㻌 㻞㻡㻜 40 㻲㼛㼍㼙㻌㼠㼔㼕㼏㼗㼚㼑㼟㼟㻌㻔㼎㻕 㼃㼍㼠㼑㼞㻌㼐㼑㼜㼠㼔㻌㻔㼣㻕 30 㻟㻜㻜 㼁㼚㼕㼠㻌㻦㻌㼙㼙 ᅗ 6䠊㻌 Ỉ⬦ⴠୗ㡢䛾ᐇ㦂⨨ Fig.6. Experimental apparatus of water drop sounds. 20 10 0䢢 0 2 4 6 Frequency (kHz) 8 ⾲ 1䠊㻌 Ỉ⬦ⴠୗᐇ㦂䛻䛚䛡䜛㦁㡢䝺䝧䝹䛾ኚ 10 Table 1. Change of A-weighted sound pressure Level in water drop test. ᅗ 4䠊㻌 ᑠ㯏⢊䛚䜘䜃䝇䝫䞁䝆⣬䛻䜘䜛ῶ㡢ຠᯝ Fig.4. Sound attenuating performance of flour and sponge paper. 䢢 70 Background noise Water drop sound Foamed dish soap Foamed egg whites 60 Sound Pressure Level (dB) 10 50 Water depth (mm) 50 40 100 30 ḟࠊἻࡢຠᯝࡘ࠸࡚⪃ᐹࡍࡿࠋỈ῝ⴠୗ㧗ࡉࢆྠࡌ᮲௳ 20 ࡋࡓሙྜࠊἻཌࡉ 0mm ẚ࡚Ἳཌࡉ 10mm ࡢሙྜࡍ࡚ 10 0䢢 0 Foam thickness (mm) 0 10 50 0 10 50 0 10 50 unit: dB(A) Drop p height g (mm) 250 600 72.0 74.8 54.1 58.0 53.0 58.1 69.1 72.2 53.2 61.5 52.5 56.7 66.5 72.4 51.8 60.0 51.5 55.1 ࡢ᮲௳࡛㦁㡢ࣞ࣋ࣝࡀ 10dB(A)௨ୖᑠࡉࡃ࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪 2 4 6 Frequency (kHz) 8 Ỉ㠃Ἳࡢᒙࢆᑡࡋタࡅࡿࡔࡅ࡛ࠊࡁ࡞ῶ㡢ຠᯝࡀᚓࡽࢀࡿࡇ 10 ࡀศࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪Ἳཌࡉࢆ 10mm ࡽ 50mm ቑࡸࡍࠊⴠୗ 㧗ࡉ 600mm ࡘỈ῝ 50mm ௨ୖࡢሙྜࡣࠊ㦁㡢ࣞ࣋ࣝࡀᑠࡉࡃ ᅗ 5䠊㻌 Ἳ䛻䜘䜛ῶ㡢ຠᯝ Fig.5. Sound attenuating performance of foam. ࡞ࡿࡀࠊࡑࢀ௨እࡢⴠୗ㧗ࡉ࣭Ỉ῝ࡢ᮲௳࡛ࡣࠊ㦁㡢ࣞ࣋ࣝࡣ ࢇኚࡀ࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊⴠୗ㧗ࡉ 250mm ࡢሙྜࡣἻ ⾲ 1 ࡣࠊྛ᮲௳࠾࠸࡚Ỉ㠃ࡽⓎ⏕ࡍࡿ㡢ࡢ㦁㡢ࣞ࣋ࣝࢆ♧ ཌࡉ 10mm ࡛ῶ㡢ຠᯝࡣ㢌ᡴࡕ࡞ࡗࡓࡀࠊⴠୗ㧗ࡉ 600mm ࡢ ࡍࠋࡲࡎࠊỈ῝Ἳཌࡉࢆྠࡌ᮲௳ࡋࡓሙྜࠊⴠୗ㧗ࡉࡢ㧗࠸ ሙྜࡣἻཌࡉ 10mm ࡛ࡣῶ㡢ຠᯝࡣ㢌ᡴࡕࡣ࡞ࡽࡎࠊἻཌࡉࢆ ᪉ࡀࡼࡾࡁ࡞㦁㡢ࣞ࣋ࣝ࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊⴠୗ㧗ࡉࡢ㧗࠸᪉ ࡉࡽቑࡍࡇ࡛ࡼࡾࡁ࡞ῶ㡢ຠᯝࡀᚓࡽࢀࡿࡇࡀศࡗ ࡀࠊⴠୗỈ⬦ࡀỈ㠃ࢆ྇ࡃ㝿ࡢ㐠ື࢚ࢿࣝࢠࡀࡁࡃ࡞ࡿࡇࡀ ࡓࠋ ཎᅉ࡛࠶ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊࢺ࡛ࣞὒᘧ౽ჾࢆ⏝ࡍࡿ ḟࠊᅗ 7 ࡣࠊỈ῝ 100mm ࡘⴠୗ㧗ࡉ 250mm ࡢࡢ㡢ᅽࢫ ሙ㠃ࢆീࡍࡿࠊᗙࡗ࡚⏝ࢆ㊊ࡍሙྜࡼࡾࡶ❧ࡕᑠ౽ࡢ᪉ࡀࠊ ࣌ࢡࢺࣝࢆ♧ࡍࠋࡇࡢᅗࡼࡾࠊ⣙ 500Hz ௨ୖࡢ࿘Ἴᩘᖏᇦ࡛Ἳ Ⓨ⏕㡢ᅽࡀࡁࡃ࡞ࡿࡇࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡢᒙࡼࡿࡁ࡞ῶ㡢ຠᯝࡀᚓࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ≉⣙ 3kHz ௨ୖࡢ - 33 − − ࿘Ἴᩘᖏᇦ࡛ࡣᬯ㦁㡢㏆࠸ࣞ࣋ࣝࡲ࡛㡢ᅽࡀῶᑡࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ ࡀศࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊࡢᐇ㦂᮲௳࡛ࡶྠᵝࡢഴྥࡀぢࡽࢀࡓࠋ ᅗ 8㹼ᅗ 11 ࡣࠊỈ୰Ⓨ⏕ࡋࡓẼἻࡢᵝᏊࢆ♧ࡍࠋᅗ 8 ࡣࠊỈ ῝ 100mmࠊⴠୗ㧗ࡉ 250mm ࠾ࡼࡧἻཌࡉ 0mm ࡢ᮲௳ୗ࡛ࡢ ┿࡛࠶ࡾࠊᅗ 9 ࡣࠊᅗ 8 ࠾࠸࡚Ἳཌࡉࢆ 50mm ኚ᭦ࡋࡓ᮲௳ ୗ࡛ࡢ┿࡛࠶ࡿࠋᅗ 8 ࡛ࡣࡁ࡞ẼἻࡀᨭ㓄ⓗ࡛࠶ࡾࠊᅗ 9 ࡛ ࡣᑠࡉ࡞ẼἻࡀከࡃぢࡽࢀࡿࠋỈ㠃ୖࢆそࡗࡓἻࡀࠊ✵Ẽ୍⥴ 㻲㼛㼍㼙 Ỉ୰ᘬࡁ㎸ࡲࢀࡿࡇ࡛ࠊỈ୰⏕ᡂࡉࢀࡿẼἻࡀᑠࡉࡃ࡞ ࡾࠊⓎࡍࡿ㡢ࡢ࿘Ἴᩘࡸ㡢ᅽࡀኚࡋࡓࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸᥎ ࡍࡿࠋ ࡲࡓࠊᅗ 10 ࡣࠊỈ῝ 10mmࠊⴠୗ㧗ࡉ 600mm ࠾ࡼࡧἻཌࡉ 0mm ࡢ᮲௳ୗ࡛ࡢ┿࡛࠶ࡾࠊᅗ 11 ࡣࠊᅗ 10 ࠾࠸࡚Ἳཌࡉࢆ 10mm ኚ᭦ࡋࡓ᮲௳ୗ࡛ࡢ┿࡛࠶ࡿࠋᅗ 10 ࡛ࡣࠊỈ῝ࡀὸ࠸ࡓࡵࠊ Ỉ⬦ⴠୗࡼࡗ࡚Ỉ୰Ⓨ⏕ࡍࡿẼἻࡣỈᵴࡢᗏ⾪✺ࡋỈᖹ ᪉ྥᗈࡀࡿࡶࠊỈ㠃ୖẼἻࡀ⃭ࡋࡃࡁୖࡀࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ୍᪉ࠊᅗ 8 ࡢỈ୰ࡢẼἻࡢᵝᏊࡁࡃ␗࡞ࡿࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞≧ἣ࡛ 㼃㼍㼠㼑㼞 ࡶࠊỈ㠃ࢆ 10mm ࡢἻࡢᒙ࡛そ࠺ࡇࡼࡗ࡚ࠊỈ୰ᑠࡉ࡞Ẽ Ἳࡀከࡃぢࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡾࠊ⾲ 1 ࡀ♧ࡍࡼ࠺ 16.8dB(A)ࡢῶ 㡢ຠᯝࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ᅗ 9䠊㻌 Ỉ୰䛾ẼἻ䠄w=100mm䚸h=250mm䚸b=50mm䠅 Fig.9. Water bubbles in deep water tank 䢢 70 w=100mm, h=250mm, b=0mm w=100mm, h=250mm, b=10mm w=100mm, h=250mm, b=50mm Background noise 60 Sound Pressure Level (dB) under the condition of w=100mm, h=250mm and b=50mm. 50 40 30 20 㼃㼍㼠㼑㼞 10 0䢢 0 2 4 6 Frequency (kHz) 8 10 ᅗ 10䠊㻌 Ỉ୰䛾ẼἻ䠄w=10mm䚸h=600mm䚸b=0mm䠅 Fig.10. Water bubbles in shallow water tank under the condition of w=10mm, h=600mm and b=0mm. ᅗ 7䠊㻌 Ỉ⬦ⴠୗ㡢䛾࿘Ἴᩘ≉ᛶ Fig.7. Frequency spectrum of water drop sounds. 㻲㼛㼍㼙 㼃㼍㼠㼑㼞 㼃㼍㼠㼑㼞 ᅗ 8䠊㻌 Ỉ୰䛾ẼἻ䠄w=100mm䚸h=250mm䚸b=0mm䠅 ᅗ 11䠊㻌 Ỉ୰䛾ẼἻ䠄w=10mm䚸h=600mm䚸b=10mm䠅 Fig.8. Water bubbles in deep water tank under the condition of w=100mm, h=250mm and b=0mm. under the condition of w=10mm, h=600mm and b=10mm. Fig.11. Water bubbles in shallow water tank - 44 − − 㸺㸲㸬㸳㸼 ᅛᙧ≀ⴠୗࡢἻࡢῶ㡢ຠᯝ Ỉ㠃ࢆἻࡢᒙ࡛そ࠺ࡇࡼࡾࠊỈ⬦ⴠୗỈ㠃࡛Ⓨ⏕ࡍࡿ 㡢ࢆᖜపῶ࡛ࡁࡿࡇࡀ᫂ࡽ࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡋࡋࠊỈ㠃࡛Ⓨ ⏕ࡍࡿ㡢ࡣỈ⬦ⴠୗక࠺ࡶࡢࡢࡳ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࠊᅛᙧ≀ࡀ Ỉ㠃ⴠୗࡍࡿሙྜࡘ࠸࡚ࡶࠊἻࡢᒙࡢຠᯝࢆㄪࡓࠋලయⓗ ࡣࠊᐇ㝿ࡢࢺࣞࡢ౽ჾᅗ 12 ♧ࡍᅛᙧ≀ࢆ౽ᗙྠࡌ㧗 ࡉࡽỈ⁀㸦᭱ࡶỈ῝ࡀ῝࠸㒊ศ㸧⮬⏤ⴠୗࡉࡏࡓ㝿ࡢⓎ⏕㡢 ࢆࠊ㸱❶ྠࡌ⎔ቃ࡚ ᐃࡋࡓࠋᅛᙧ≀ࡣࠊἜ⢓ᅵࢆேࡢᡭ࡛ ᩚᙧࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ㸦㔜ࡉ 102gࠊ᭱ᚄ 33mm㸧 ࠊ࠾ࡼࡧᑠ 㸦㔜ࡉ 66gࠊ᭱ᚄ 26mm㸧ࡋࠊἻࡢᒙࡣ⣙ 30mm ࡋࡓࠋᅗ 13 ࡣࠊᅛᙧ≀㸦㸧ࢆⴠୗࡉࡏࡓ㝿ࡢⓎ⏕㡢ࡢ࿘Ἴᩘ≉ᛶࢆ♧ࡍࠋ Ἳࡢᒙࢆタ⨨ࡋࡓሙྜࡣࠊἻࡢᒙࡀ࡞࠸ሙྜẚ࡚ࠊ ᐃࡋࡓ ࡰᖏᇦ࡛ᩘ dB ⛬ᗘ㡢ᅽࣞ࣋ࣝࡀῶᑡࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊᅗ♧ࡋ࡚ ࠸࡞࠸ࡀࠊᅛᙧ≀㸦ᑠ㸧࠾࠸࡚ࡶྠᵝࡢഴྥࡀぢࡽࢀࡓࠋ 㻟㻟 㸳㸬౽ჾእࡢ₃࠼࠸㡢పῶ 㸺㸳㸬㸯㸼 ᴫせ ౽ჾෆ࠾ࡅࡿỈ⁀ࡢỈ㠃ࡽⓎ⏕ࡋࡓ⏝㊊ࡋ㡢ࡀࠊ౽ჾእ ᨺᑕࡉࢀࡿࡲ࡛ࡢ⤒㊰ࡣࠊࠊ౽ჾෆࡢ✵㛫ࢆఏࢃࡾ౽ჾୖ㒊 ࡽ౽ჾእᨺᑕࡉࢀࡿ⤒㊰ࠊ࠾ࡼࡧ౽ჾࡢഃቨࢆఏࢃࡾഃቨእ 㒊ᨺᑕᨺᑕࡉࢀࡿ⤒㊰ࡢ 2 ㏻ࡾᏑᅾࡍࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࡿࠋ≉ࠊ๓ ⪅ࡢྜࡀ㧗࠸⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡢ࡛ࠊ౽ჾୖ㒊࠾ࡅࡿ㛤ཱྀ㒊ࡽ ࡢᨺᑕ㡢ࢆపῶࡍࡿ᪉ἲࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࡋࡓࠋ 㸺㸳㸬㸰㸼 ᑐ㇟ࡍࡿ౽ჾ࠾ࡼࡧ㡢 ᪥ᖖࡼࡃぢࡅࡿ౽ჾࡋ࡚ࠊ௬タࢺࣞぢࡽࢀࡿᶞ⬡〇౽ ჾࠊ࠾ࡼࡧᖖタࢺࣞぢࡽࢀࡿ㝡ჾ〇౽ჾࡢ㸰✀㢮ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡇ ࢀࡽࡢ౽ჾࢆ┤᥋ࡢᑐ㇟ࡋࡓ࠸ࡀࠊᵓ㐀࠾ࡼࡧᙧ≧ࡀࡁࡃ␗ ࡞ࡾࠊ᮲௳ࢆ⤫୍࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࠊᅗ 14 ♧ࡍᶞ⬡〇ࡢ⡆᫆ タ⨨ᆺὒᘧ౽ჾ㸦ࣟࣥᡂ ࢧࢽࢱ࣮࢚࣮ࣜࢫ㹆㹅ᤣ⨨ᘧ㸧ࢆ 㻞㻢 ⏝࠸ࠊࡇࡢ⡆᫆タ⨨ᆺὒᘧ౽ჾࡢෆഃࡌࡻ࠺ࡈ㒊ࡢእഃయ⢓ ᅵࢆ⣙ 10mm ࡢཌࡉ࡛ࡲࢇࢇ࡞ࡃ㈞ࡾࡅࡓࡶࡢ(ᅗ 15(a))ࢆ㝡 ჾ┦ᙜ౽ჾࡋࠊ⢓ᅵࢆ㈞ࡾࡅ࡞ࡗࡓࡶࡢ(ᅗ 15(b))ࢆᶞ⬡┦ ᙜ౽ჾࡋࡓࠋỈ㠃Ⓨ⏕㡢ࡣࠊ㸰❶࡛㘓ࡋࡓỈ㠃Ⓨ⏕㡢ࢆࠊ౽ 㻝㻝㻜 ჾෆࡢୗ㒊タ⨨ࡋࡓࢫࣆ࣮࢝(ࢥ࣮ࣥ㸸Tang Band W3-582SCࠊ࢚ 㻝㻜㻜 ࣥࢡ࣮ࣟࢪࣕ㸸⮬స)ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ฟຊࡍࡿࡇࡋࡓࠋ 㻸㼍㼞㼓㼑 㻿㼙㼍㼘㼘 ᅗ 12䠊㻌 స〇䛧䛯ᅛᙧ≀ Fig.12. Fabricated solid bodies. 10dB/div 䢢 Background noise Without foam With foam Sound Pressure Level (dB) ᅗ 14䠊㻌 ⡆᫆タ⨨ᆺὒᘧ౽ჾ Fig.14. An easily installable western-style toilet bowl. 䢢 0 2 4 6 Frequency (kHz) 8 10 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 (a). 㝡ჾ┦ᙜ౽ჾ㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 (b). ᶞ⬡┦ᙜ౽ჾ ᅗ 13䠊㻌 ᅛᙧ≀ⴠୗ䛾Ỉ㠃Ⓨ⏕㡢䛾࿘Ἴᩘ≉ᛶ 㻌 㻌 (a). Pottery equivalent bowl.㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 (b). Resin equivalent bowl. Fig.13. Frequency spectrum of the sound generated by the water surface along with the fall of solid bodies. ᅗ 15䠊 ᐇ㦂䛻⏝䛔䛯౽ჾ䛾䛨䜗䛖䛤㒊 Fig.15. Funnel part of toilet bowl used in the experiment. - 55 − − 㸺㸳㸬㸱㸼 㡢㡪ᐇ㦂⎔ቃ 㻿㼜㼛㼚㼓㼑㻌㼞㼡㼎㼎㼑㼞 ᅗ 16 ࡣࠊ౽ჾ㒊ࡽࡢ₃࠼࠸㡢ࢆ ᐃࡍࡿᐇ㦂⨨ࡢᴫせࢆ 㻿㼑㼍㼠 ♧ࡍࠋࢺࣞಶᐊ(⦪ 900mmࠊᶓ 900mmࠊ㧗ࡉ 1800mm)ࢆᐃࡋ ࡚ಶᐊ㸦ᮏ⠇ࡢᐇ㦂࡛ࡣᯟࡢࡳタ⨨ࡋቨࡣタ⨨ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸㸧୰ᚰ 㒊ᅗ 15 ࡢ౪ヨ౽ჾࢆタ⨨ࡋࡓࠋ࡞࠾ࠊᮏ⠇ࡢᐇ㦂࡛ࡣಶᐊࢆ 㝸࡚ࡿቨࡣタࡅ࡞ࡗࡓࠋಶᐊእࢆṌࡃேࡀ㡢ࢆ⪺ࡃࡇࢆᐃ 㻻㼡㼠㼑㼞㻌㼜㼍㼞㼠 ࡋࡓ⨨(౽ᗙඛ➃ࡽỈᖹ 1000mmࠊࡘᗋࡽࡢ㧗ࡉ 㻲㼡㼚㼚㼑㼘㻌㼜㼍㼞㼠 1500mm ࡢ⨨)㦁㡢ィࡢ࣐ࢡࣟ࣍ࣥࢆタ⨨ࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊ౽ჾ ᅗ 18䠊㻌 䝇䝫䞁䝆䝂䝮䛻䜘䜛㛤ཱྀ㒊䛾㛢㙐 ேࡀᗙࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࢆᶍᨃࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊᅗ 17 ♧ࡍࡼ࠺౽ Fig.18. Closure of the opening by the sponge rubber. ᗙࡢୖ⢓ᅵ〇ࡢ⮌㒊ࣔࢹࣝ(5.7kg)ࢆ⨨࠸ࡓࠋࡇࡢࡁࠊ౽ჾ๓ ᪉ᑠࡉ࡞㛤ཱྀ㒊ࡀᙧᡂࡉࢀࡿࠋ 㸺㸳㸬㸳㸼 㡢㡪ᐇ㦂⨨ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓῶ㡢ຠᯝࡢ☜ㄆ ᶞ⬡┦ᙜ౽ჾ࠾ࡼࡧ㝡ჾ┦ᙜ౽ჾࡢ୧⪅ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ౽ჾ㸫౽ᗙ 㻝㻜㻜㻜 㛫ࢆࢫ࣏ࣥࢪࢦ࣒࡛㛢㙐ࡋࡓሙྜࠊ࠾ࡼࡧ㛢㙐ࡋ࡞࠸ሙྜ࠾ࡅ 㻥㻜㻜 ࡿ㦁㡢ࣞ࣋ࣝࡢ ᐃ⤖ᯝࢆ⾲ 2 ♧ࡍࠋᶞ⬡┦ᙜ౽ჾ࠾ࡼࡧ㝡ჾ 㻹㼕㼏㼞㼛㼜㼔㼛㼚㼑 ┦ᙜ౽ჾࡢ୧᪉࠾࠸࡚ࠊ౽ჾ㸫౽ᗙ㛫ࢆ㛢㙐ࡍࡿࡇࡼࡿῶ 㡢ຠᯝࡀᚓࡽࢀࡓࠋࡋࡋࠊᶞ⬡┦ᙜ౽ჾࡢ᪉ࡀ㝡ჾ┦ᙜ౽ჾࡼ 㻥㻜㻜 ࡾࡶῶ㡢ຠᯝࡀపࡃ࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊᶞ⬡┦ᙜ౽ჾࡢ᪉ࡀ౽ჾഃ 㻴㼕㼜㻌㼙㼛㼐㼑㼘 㻝㻡㻜㻜 㠃ࡽᨺᑕࡉࢀࡿ㡢ࡢྜࡀࡁࡗࡓࡇࡀཎᅉ⪃࠼ࡽࢀ 㻝㻤㻜㻜 ࡿࠋ 㼀㼛㼕㼘㼑㼠㻌㼎㼛㼣㼘 ࡲࡓࠊᅗ 19 ࠾ࡼࡧᅗ 20 ࡣࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ౽ჾࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ౽ჾ㸫 ౽ᗙ㛫ࡢ㛢㙐๓ᚋ࡛ࡢ㡢ᅽࣞ࣋ࣝࡢ࿘Ἴᩘ≉ᛶࢆ♧ࡍࠋᶞ⬡┦ᙜ 㻿㼜㼑㼍㼗㼑㼞 ౽ჾ࠾ࡼࡧ㝡ჾ┦ᙜ౽ჾࡢ୧᪉ࡶࠊ ᐃࡋࡓ࿘Ἴᩘᖏᇦ࡛ῶ 㼁㼚㼕㼠㻌㻦㻌㼙㼙 㡢ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀศࡗࡓࠋ ᅗ 16䠊㻌 ౽ჾ䛛䜙䛾₃䛘䛔㡢 ᐃ䛾䛯䜑䛾ᐇ㦂⨨ ⾲ 2䠊㻌 ౽ჾ䛸౽ᗙ䛾㛫䛾㛢㙐䛻䜘䜛ῶ㡢ຠᯝ Fig.16. Schematic view of experimental apparatus for the measurement of leakage sounds from the toilet bowl. Table 2. Sound attenuating performance by closure of the opening between toilet bowl and toilet seat. unit: dB(A) Normal Sponge rubber Equivalent resin 67.1 62.3 Equivalent pottery 64.5 53.5 䢢 ᅗ 17䠊㻌 ⢓ᅵ〇䛾⮌㒊䝰䝕䝹䛸౽ᗙ䛾㛫䛾㛤ཱྀ㒊 Fig.17. An opening between hip clay model and toilet seat. 㸺㸳㸬㸲㸼 ౽ჾእࡢ㡢₃ࢀࡢపῶ᪉ἲ ౽ჾᏑᅾࡍࡿ㛤ཱྀ㒊ࡣࠊேࡀ౽ᗙᗙࡗࡓ㝿౽ჾୖ㒊࡛ ࡁࡿ㛤ཱྀ㒊ࠊ࠾ࡼࡧ౽ᗙ౽ჾࡢ㛫ࡢ㝽㛫ࡢ 2 ࡘࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ๓⪅ࡢ 㛤ཱྀ㒊ࡣࠊᗙࡾ᪉࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣᗙࡿேࡼࡗ࡚㛤ཱྀ㒊ࡢࡁࡉ࣭ᙧ≧ ࡀ␗࡞ࡿࠋᚋ⪅ࡢ㝽㛫ࡣ⏝ࡍࡿ౽ჾࡀྠࡌ࡛࠶ࢀࡤࠊྠࡌࡁ ࡉ࣭ᙧ≧࡞ࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࠊᅗ 18 ♧ࡍࡼ࠺ࠊ౽ჾ౽ᗙࡢ㛫 ࢆ㝽㛫࡞ࡃࢫ࣏ࣥࢪࢦ࣒࡛ᇙࡵࡿࡇ࡛ࠊᑐ㇟࡞ࡿ㛤ཱྀ㒊ࢆሰ ࡄࡇࡋࡓࠋ Sound Pressure Level (dB) 60 Background noise Without sponge rubber With sponge rubber 50 40 30 20 10 0䢢 0 2 4 6 Frequency (kHz) 8 10 ᅗ 19䠊㻌 㛢㙐๓ᚋ䛻䛚䛡䜛࿘Ἴᩘ≉ᛶ(ᶞ⬡┦ᙜ౽ჾ) Fig.19. Frequency spectrum before and after closing the opening using resin equivalent bowl. - 66 − − 㸱㸼⠇࡛⏝ࡋࡓ㡢㡪ᐇ㦂⎔ቃࢆ⏝࠸ࠊᅗ 16 ࡢಶᐊᑍἲἢࡗ Sound Pressure Level (dB) ࡚ཌࡉ 5mm ࡢࣉࣛࢫࢳࢵࢡẁ࣮࣎ࣝࢆኳᗋ㠃௨እࡢ 4 㠃 䢢 60 Background noise Without sponge rubber With sponge rubber 50 㝽㛫࡞ࡃタ⨨ࡋࡓࠋ ᶞ⬡┦ᙜ౽ჾ࠾ࡼࡧ㝡ჾ┦ᙜ౽ჾࡢ୧⪅ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊࣉࣛࢫࢳࢵ 40 ࢡẁ࣮࣎ࣝቨࢆࡋࡓሙྜࡉ࡞࠸ሙྜ࠾ࡅࡿ㦁㡢ࣞ࣋ࣝ 30 ┦ᙜ౽ჾࡢ୧᪉࠾࠸࡚ࠊ⣙ 2㹢B(A)ࡢῶ㡢ຠᯝࡀᚓࡽࢀࡓࠋ ࡢ ᐃ⤖ᯝࢆ⾲ 3 ♧ࡍࠋᐇ㦂ࡢ⤖ᯝࠊᶞ⬡┦ᙜ౽ჾ࠾ࡼࡧ㝡ჾ 20 㻴㼕㼜㻌㼙㼛㼐㼑㼘 10 0䢢 0 2 4 6 Frequency (kHz) 8 10 ᅗ 20䠊㻌 㛢㙐๓ᚋ䛻䛚䛡䜛࿘Ἴᩘ≉ᛶ(㝡ჾ┦ᙜ౽ჾ) Fig.20. Frequency spectrum before and after closing the opening using pottery equivalent bowl. 㻹㼕㼏㼞㼛㼜㼔㼛㼚㼑 㼀㼛㼕㼘㼑㼠㻌㼎㼛㼣㼘 㸺㸳㸬㸴㸼 ᐇ㝿ࡢࢺࣞࢆ⏝࠸ࡓῶ㡢ຠᯝࡢ☜ㄆ ᅗ 22䠊㻌 ᐇ㝿䛾䝖䜲䝺䜢⏝䛔䛯㡢㡪ᐇ㦂⎔ቃ ౽ჾ㸫౽ᗙ㛫ࡢ㛢㙐ࡼࡿῶ㡢ຠᯝࡀᐇ㝿ࡢࢺࣞ࠾࠸࡚ Fig.22. Acoustic experimental environment using an actual toilet room. ࡶぢࡽࢀࡿࢆ☜ㄆࡋࡓࠋ㸰❶ྠࡌࢺࣞ࠾࠸࡚ࠊᅗ 21 ♧ࡍࡼ࠺౽ჾ౽ᗙࢫ࣏ࣥࢪࢦ࣒ࢆ㈞ࡾࡅࠊ౽ᗙࢆ㛢ࡌࡓ ⾲ 3䠊㻌 䝥䝷䝇䝏䝑䜽ẁ䝪䞊䝹ቨ䛻䜘䜛ῶ㡢ຠᯝ 㝿౽ჾ౽ᗙࡢ㛫㝽㛫ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺ࡋࡓࠋࡉࡽࠊᅗ 22 Table 3. Sound attenuating performance of plastic cardboard walls. ♧ࡍࡼ࠺ࠊ㛢ࡌࡓ౽ᗙࡢୖᅗ 17 ࡢ⢓ᅵ〇⮌㒊ࣔࢹࣝࢆ⨨ unit: dB(A) ࡁࠊᅗ 16 ྠࡌ⨨࣐ࢡࣟ࣍ࣥࢆタ⨨ࡋࡓࠋ㡢※ࡣࠊὙί Without wall With wall ࣎ࢱࣥᢲୗὶỈࡼࡾⓎ⏕ࡍࡿᐇ㝿ࡢࢺࣞࡢὙίక࠺ Equivalent resin 67.1 65.0 㡢ࡋࡓࠋᐇ㦂ࡢ⤖ᯝࠊࢫ࣏ࣥࢪࢦ࣒㐺⏝๓ᚋࡢ㦁㡢್ࣞ࣋ࣝࡣࠊ Equivalent pottery 64.5 62.6 ࡑࢀࡒࢀ 71.1dB(A)࠾ࡼࡧ 63.4dB(A)࡞ࡾࠊᩘ dB(A)ࡢῶ㡢ຠᯝ ࡀᚓࡽࢀࡓࠋ 㸵㸬⤖ゝ ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊ⏝㊊ࡋࡢ㝿ࢺࣞಶᐊእ₃ࢀฟࡿ㡢ࢆ 3 ẁ㝵 㻿㼜㼛㼚㼓㼑㻌㼞㼡㼎㼎㼑㼞 ศࡅ࡚పῶࡍࡿࡇࢆヨࡳࡓࠋࡲࡎࠊ౽ჾෆࡢỈ⁀ࡾࡢỈ㠃 ࠾ࡅࡿⓎ⏕㡢ࡑࡢࡶࡢࢆపῶࡍࡿࡇࢆ᳨ウࡋࠊỈ㠃ࢆ㐺ษ࡞Ἳ ࡢᒙ࡛そ࠺ࡇࡼࡗ࡚㢧ⴭ࡞ῶ㡢ຠᯝࡀᚓࡽࢀࡿࡇࢆ♧ࡋ ࡓࠋḟࠊ౽ᗙࡼࡾࡶୗഃࡢ౽ჾෆ✵㛫࠾ࡅࡿఏᦙ⤒㊰ᑐ⟇ࢆ ᳨ウࡋࠊ౽ჾ㸫౽ᗙ㛫ࡢ㝽㛫ࢆࢦ࣒ࢫ࣏ࣥࢪ࡛㛢㙐ࡍࡿࡇࡼ ࡾẚ㍑ⓗࡁ࡞ῶ㡢ຠᯝࡀᚓࡽࢀࡿࡇࢆ᫂ࡽࡋࡓࠋ᭱ᚋࠊ ࢺࣞಶᐊࢆ㝸࡚ࡿቨࡢῶ㡢ຠᯝࢆ☜ࡵࡿᐇ㦂ࢆ⾜࠸ࠊⷧ࠸ࣉ ᅗ 21䠊㻌 ᐇ㝿䛾䝖䜲䝺䛻䛧䛯䝇䝫䞁䝆䝂䝮 ࣛࢫࢳࢵࢡ〇ẁ࣮࣎ࣝࡢቨࢆタ⨨ࡍࡿࡔࡅ࡛ࡶࠊ⣙ 2dB(A)ࡢῶ㡢 Fig.21. Sponge rubber applied to an actual toilet bowl. ຠᯝࡀ࠶ࡿࡇࡀศࡗࡓࠋᚋࠊࡇࢀࡽ 3 ࡘࡢῶ㡢᪉ἲࢆࡍ ࡚⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏࡓሙྜࡢῶ㡢ຠᯝࢆ᳨ドࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊἻ 㸴㸬ಶᐊእࡢ₃࠼࠸㡢పῶ ࡢᒙ࡛ࡶ㡢ᅽపῶࡀᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࡗࡓ⣙500Hz௨ୗࡢ࿘Ἴᩘᖏᇦࡘ ౽ჾࡽᨺᑕࡉࢀࡓ㡢ࡣࠊಶᐊࢆ㝸࡚ࡿቨࠊ࠾ࡼࡧቨୖ㒊ࡸቨ ࠸࡚ࡢᑐ⟇ࡣᮍ᳨ウ࡛࠶ࡾࠊᚋࡢࡁ࡞ㄢ㢟࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ୗ㒊ࡢ㛤ཱྀ㒊ࢆ⤒⏤ࡋ࡚ࠊಶᐊእࡢேᒆࡃࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࡣࠊ౽ჾෆ ࡽᨺᑕࡉࢀࡓ㡢ࡀࠊቨࡼࡾࡢ⛬ᗘࡢῶ㡢ຠᯝࡀ࠶ࡿࡢࢆ ᩥ ⊩ ☜ࡵࡿᐇ㦂ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ (1) ᒾᐑ㸹㦁㡢ไᚚ㸪vol.㻟㻠㸪No.5㸪(2010)㸪pp.418-422㸬 㸺㸳㸬㸰㸼⠇࡛⏝ࡋࡓ㸰✀㢮ࡢ౽ჾ࠾ࡼࡧ㡢※ࠊ࠾ࡼࡧ㸺㸳㸬 (2) ி⸨㸹࡞ࡀࢀ㸪vol.㻞㻟㸪No.1㸪(2004)㸪pp.27-36㸬 - 77 − −
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