๓ᅇ㈨ᩱ䜈䛾㏣ຍ䠄10/23䠅 ㄪ䞉ㄪᛶ䠄䠍䠅 ᴫせ • 㡢ᴦ䛾䛂ᯟᵓ㐀䛃 • ㄪᛶ㡢ᴦ䠄ㄪᛶឤ䛾䛒䜛㡢ᴦ䠅䛿≉ᐃ䛾䛂ㄪ䛃䛻ᇶ䛵䛔䛶 䛔䜛䚹 • ㄪ䠄key䠅 – ≉ᐃ䛾㡢㧗㞟ྜ䛻ᒓ䛩䜛㡢䠄㡢㝵㡢䠅䜘䜚䛺䜛䚹 – ᵓᡂ㡢䛿ㄪෆ䛷ᅛ᭷䛾ᙺ䜢ᢸ䛖䚹 э ᵓᡂ㡢㛫䛾㡢⛬䛿ᆒ➼㓄ศ ≉䛻୰ᚰ䛸䛺䜛㡢䜢䛂㡢䛃䚸䛂᰾㡢䛃䛺䛹䛸䜆䚹 • 䠓㡢㡢㝵䠄heptatonic scale䠅䚸䠑㡢㡢㝵䠄pentatonic scale) 䛺䛹䚹 • すὒㄪᛶ㡢ᴦ䠄Western Tonal Music) 㛗᪕ἲ䠄major䠅䚸▷᪕ἲ䠄minor䠅䛾䠎䛴䛾 mode 䛜୰ᚰ – ㄪ䞉ㄪᛶ 䠄㡢㧗䛻䛴䛔䛶䛾ᯟᵓ㐀䠅 – ᢿ䞉ᢿ⠇ 䠄㛫䛻䛴䛔䛶䛾ᯟᵓ㐀䠅 • 䛂ᯟᵓ㐀䛃䠄䛣䛣䛰䛡䛾ゝⴥ䠅 – ᭤䛾ྛ㡢䛾ព䞉ᙺ䞉㛵ಀ䜢⌮ゎ䛩䜛䛯䜑䛻స ⏝䛧䛶䛔䜛䛂ᩥ⬦䛃 – ᯟᵓ㐀⮬య䚸᭤䛾ྛ㡢䛛䜙ᙧᡂ䞉ㄆ㆑䛥䜜䜛 э ᭤䛾ㄆ▱㐣⛬䛻䛚䛔䛶䛂ᚠ⎔ᛶ䛃䛜䛒䜛 1 ㄪ䞉ㄪᛶ䠄䠎䠅 ⏝ㄒ 2 ㄪ䞉ㄪᛶ䠄䠏䠅 㡢㧗䛾┦ᑐᛶ • ㄪᛶ䠄tonality䠅 • 㡢ྠኈ䛾┦ᑐⓗ䛺㡢㧗ᕪ䠄㡢⛬䠅䛻䜘䜛㛵ಀ䛿䚸 ྛ㡢䛾ᐇ㝿䛾㡢㧗䛾ዴఱ䛻ᣐ䜙䛺䛔 – ᭤䛜≉ᐃ䛾㡢㧗㞟ྜ䛻䜘䜚ᵓᡂ䛥䜜䚸䜎䛯䛭䜜䛻䛧䛯䛜䛳䛶ㄆ㆑䛥 䜜䜛䠄䜘䛖䛺㡢ᴦ䛷䛒䜛䠅䛣䛸䚹 • ᪕ἲ䠄mode䠅 – ㄪᛶ䜢ᙧᡂ䛩䜛ᢳ㇟ⓗ䛺㡢㧗ྠኈ䛾㛵ಀ䠄㡢㧗┦䛾㡢⛬䛾㞟ྜ䠅 – 䛂㡢㧗䛾┦ᑐᛶ䛃ཧ↷ – ᭤య䛾㡢㧗䜢ᖹ⾜䛻ୖ䛢ୗ䛢䛧䛶䜒䚸᭤䛸䛧䛶䛾ㄆ ㆑䛻䛿ኚ䛜䛺䛔䚸䛸䛔䛖䛣䛸 – 䛘䜀䜹䝷䜸䜿䛷䛂⮬ศ䛾䜻䞊䛷ḷ䛖䛃䛸䛔䛳䛯ሙྜ䚸 䛹䛾䜻䞊䛷䛒䛳䛶䜒ḷ䜟䜜䜛᭤䛻㐪䛔䛿䛺䛔 • 㡢䠄tonic ➼䠅 – ㄪ䛾୰ᚰ䛸䛺䜛㡢䚹䠍䛴䛾ㄪ䛻䛿䠍䛴䛾㡢䛜ᬑ㏻䛰䛜䚸୰ᚰ䛸䛺䜛 㡢䜢」ᩘᐃ䛩䜛ሙྜ䜒䛒䜛䠄᰾㡢䠖䝔䝖䝷䝁䝹䝗⌮ㄽ䠅 • ㄪ䠄key䠅 – ᪕ἲ䛸㡢䜢Ỵ䜑䜛䛣䛸䛻䜘䜚☜ᐃ䛩䜛㡢㧗㞟ྜ • ㄪ䛜᪕ἲ䛸㡢䛻䜘䜚Ỵ䜎䜛䛣䛸䛾ᇶ♏ • 㡢㝵䠄scale䠅 – 䝝㛗ㄪ䚸䝙▷ㄪ䚸䠊䠊䠊 – 䜸䜽䝍䞊䝤➼౯ᛶ䠄ᚠ⎔ᛶ䠅䠖䜸䜽䝍䞊䝤㐪䛳䛶䜒ㄪ䛸䛧 䛶䛿ྠ䛨䛸ㄆ㆑䛥䜜䜛 – ㄪ䜢ᵓᡂ䛩䜛ྛ㡢䛾㡢ิ • 㡢䠄chord䠅 – 」ᩘ䛾㡢䜢ྠ䠄ⓗ䠅䛻㬆䜙䛧䛯䜒䛾 • ኌ䠄harmony䠅 – 㡢䜢㐃䛽䛯㡢ิ䛻䜘䜚ᚓ䜙䜜䜛ᵓ㐀 3 ㄪ䞉ㄪᛶ䠄䠐䠅 㡢㝵䠄ᥖ䠅 ㄪ䞉ㄪᛶ䠄䠑䠅 㡢㝵 • 㡢㝵䠄scale)䠖 ≉ᐃ䛾䝆䝱䞁䝹䞉ᵝᘧ䛾᭤䛜⏝䛔䜛㡢㧗㞟ྜ䚸ཬ 䜃ྛ㡢䛻ᶵ⬟(ᙺ䠅䜢䛧䛯䜒䛾䚹 • 䜸䜽䝍䞊䝤䜢࿘ᮇ䛸䛩䜛䛾䛜ᬑ㏻䚹 • 䛭䛾䛾㡢㝵 – ᩍ᪕ἲ䠄Church mode䠅 ⌧ᅾ䛾すὒㄪᛶ㡢ᴦ䛻ඛ⾜䛩䜛᪕ἲ – Ẹ᪘㡢ᴦ䠖䠑㡢㡢㝵䠄pentatonic䠅䛜ከ䛔 • すὒㄪᛶ㡢ᴦ䠖 䠓㡢㡢㝵䠄㛗᪕ἲ䚸▷᪕ἲ䠅 – 䜸䜽䝍䞊䝤䜢䠍䠎༙㡢䛻ศ䛡䜛䚹㡢䠖䠎༙㡢 – 㛗᪕ἲ ༙ 4 • ᪥ᮏ䛾㡢ᴦ䛾ከ䛟䛿䠑㡢㡢㝵 䛔䜟䜖䜛䛂䝶䝘ᢤ䛝䛃㡢㝵 䛂ྩ䛜௦䛃䛿㞞ᴦ䛾㡢ᚊ䛾䛂ኍ㉺ㄪ䛃䠄䛔䛱䛣䛴䛱䜗䛖䠅 ༙ ۑ࣮ۑ࣮࣭࣮ۑ࣮࣭࣮ڦ࣮࣭࣮ڸ࣮ۑ࣮࣭࣮ۑ࣮࣭࣮ە – ▷᪕ἲ䠄⮬↛▷㡢㝵䠅 ༙ • 㡢㝵㡢䛜ୖ⾜䠋ୗ⾜䛷␗䛺䜛ሙྜ䜒䛒䜛 ༙ – 䠖 ᪕ᚊⓗ▷㡢㝵 ۑ࣮࣭࣮ۑ࣮࣭࣮ۑ࣮ڦ࣮࣭࣮ڸ࣮࣭࣮ۑ࣮ۑ࣮࣭࣮ە ە㸸㡢(tonic) ڦ㸸ᒓ ᒓ㡢(dominant) • Ẹ᪘㡢ᴦ䛷䛿㡢㝵㡢䛾㡢㧗䛻ᖜ䛾䛒䜛䜒䛾䜒ከ䛔 ڸ㸸ୗ ୗᒓ㡢(subdominant) 5 6 㡢⛬䛻䜘䜛㛵ಀ䠖 ༙㡢 (Chromatic circle) B 䠑ᗘ 䛸ㄪྕ C B䘍 C䘏 A D A䘍 E䘍 G E F䘏 F 7 䠑ᗘ 䛸ㄪྕ 8 㡢⛬ศᕸ 䘍1 F C 0 䘍2B䘍 • 㛗᪕ἲ • ▷᪕ἲ 䘍3 E䘍 䘍5 A D䘍 E F䘏 䘏6 䘍6 B ༙ ༙ ༙ ༙ ۑ࣮࣭࣮ۑ࣮࣭࣮ۑ࣮ۑ࣮࣭࣮ۑ࣮࣭࣮ۑ࣮ۑ࣮࣭࣮ۑ D 䘏2 䘍4 A䘍 ۑ࣮ۑ࣮࣭࣮ۑ࣮࣭࣮ۑ࣮࣭࣮ۑ࣮ۑ࣮࣭࣮ۑ࣮࣭࣮ۑ G 䘏1 • 㡢⛬ศᕸ㸦㸴༙㡢௨ෆ㸧㸸 䘏3 䘏4 ⥲ᩘ 7C2 = 21 㡢⛬䠄༙㡢䠅 1 2 3 4 5 6 ಶᩘ 2 5 4 3 6 1 • ྛ㡢⛬ࡈಶᩘࡀ␗࡞ࡿ㸸 അ↛㸽ᚲ↛㸽 䘏5 9 Tonal Pitch Space 䠄㡢㧗㛵ಀ䛾ᗄఱⓗ⾲⌧䠅 10 ㄪ䞉ㄪᛶ䠄䠒䠅 ᛶ㉁ • ㄪ䛻䜘䛳䛶᭤య䛾䛂ᯟ䛃䛸䛺䜛㞺ᅖẼ䞉༳㇟䛜Ỵ䜎䜛䚹 – 㛗ㄪ䠖 ᫂䜛䛔䚸ඖẼ䛺䚸䠊䠊䠊 – ▷ㄪ䠖 ᬯ䛔䚸ỿ䜣䛰䚸䠊䠊䠊 • ᇶᮏⓗ䛻䛿䠍䛴䛾᭤䛿䠍䛴䛾ㄪ䛻ᇶ䛵䛟䛜䚸᭤୰䛷୍ⓗ 䛻ㄪ䛜ኚ䜟䜛䛣䛸䜒ከ䛔䠄㌿ㄪ modulation䠅䚹 • ᭤య䛾ㄪ䠄ᇦㄪ䠅䛿⤫ィⓗᡭἲ䛺䛹䚸ẚ㍑ⓗ༢⣧䛺᪉ ἲ䛷䜒ᢳฟ䛷䛝䜛䚹 䛧䛛䛧ྛ㒊ศ䛷䛾ㄪ䠄ᒁᡤㄪ䠅䜢䜚ฟ䛩䛾䛿䛛䛺䜚㞴䛧䛔䚹 э ே㛫䛻䛸䛳䛶䛿┤ほⓗ䛻⮬᫂䠛 11 12 ᢿ䞉ᢿ⠇䠄䠍䠅 ᢿ䞉ᢿ⠇䠄䠎䠅 • ㏻ᖖ䛾㡢ᴦ䛿䚸୍ᐃ䛾㛫㛫㝸䛾⧞䜚㏉䛧䛾ୖ䛻ᒎ 㛤䛥䜜䜛䚹 • ᢿ䞉ᢿ⠇䛻㛵䛩䜛⏝ㄒ➼ – ᢿ䠄pulse, beat䠅 ᇶ‽䛸䛺䜛㡢䛾㛗䛥䠄䠐ศ㡢➢➼䠅 – ᑠ⠇䠄measure䠅 ᢿ䜢䛔䛟䛴䛛䜎䛸䜑䛯㡢ᴦⓗ䛺༢ – 㡢౯䠄time value䠅 ᢿ䛾㛗䛥䜢⾲䛩ᢳ㇟ⓗ䞉┦ᑐⓗ༢ 䠐ศ㡢➢䚸㡢➢䚸Ⅼ䠎ศ㡢➢➼ – ᢿᏊ䠄time䠅 ᑠ⠇䛒䛯䜚䛾ᢿᩘ䛾ᣦᐃ䚹㡢౯䛷⾲䛩 2/4, 3/4, 4/4, 6/8, 3/16, ...䠄ศẕ䛿 2 䛾䜉䛝䠅 – 䝔䞁䝫䠄tempo䠅 㡢౯䜢㛫㛗䛻ᑐᛂ䛵䛡䛯䜒䛾䚹᭤䛾㏿䛥䜢⾲䛩 • ᢿ⠇䠄meter䠅䛿య䛸䛧䛶㝵ᒙᵓ㐀䜢䛺䛩䚹 㝵ᒙᵓᡂ䠖 䛂䠎䞉䠏➼ศ䛾ཎ⌮䛃 – 䠍᭤䛾㏵୰䛷ᢿᏊ䛜ኚ䜟䜛䛣䛸䛿䜎䜜䚹 • ᐇ㝿䛾₇ዌ䛷䛿䚸ᴦ㆕ୖ䛾㡢㛗㏻䜚䛻₇ዌ䛥䜜䜛䜟䛡䛷䛿 䛺䛔䚹 эⱁ⾡ⓗ䞉ពᅗⓗ㐓⬺ • 䛧䛯䛜䛳䛶ᢿ⠇䛾ㄆ㆑䠄䝡䞊䝖䝖䝷䝑䜻䞁䜾䠅䛿䛭䜜⮬య䛜㔜 せ䛺◊✲ㄢ㢟䛻䛺䜛䚹 э ே㛫䛾ሙྜ䚸┤ほⓗ䛻⮬᫂䠛 • ኚᢿᏊ䜒䛒䜛䠄䠑ᢿᏊ䚸䠓ᢿᏊ➼䠅 • ⌧௦㡢ᴦ䜔Ẹ᪘㡢ᴦ➼䛷䛿≉ᐃ䛾ᢿ䞉ᢿᏊ䜢ᣢ䛯䛺䛔䜒䛾䚸 ᢿᏊ䛜⤯䛘㛫䛺䛟ኚ䜟䜛䜒䛾䜒䛒䜛 13 䠎➼ศ䞉䠏➼ศ䛾ཎ⌮ 14 䝦䝭䜸䝷䛺䛹 • ⮬↛䛺䜾䝹䞊䝢䞁䜾 • 㛫㛗䛿䚸䠎䛺䛔䛧䠏➼ศ䠄䠎䛺䛔䛧䠏ಸ䠅䛾 㛗䛥䛷㝵ᒙⓗ䛻ᵓᡂ䛥䜜䜛䚹 • ᢿ⠇ቃ⏺䛸␗䛺䜛 • 3/4 䛸 6/8 15 ᴦ㆕ୖ䛾⾲グ䞉グྕ 16 ཧ⪃䠖䛩䜉䛶䛾ㄪ䛜䛒䜛᭤㞟䛾 • 㛗ㄪ䠋▷ㄪ㽢㡢䠍䠎㏻䜚䠙䠎䠐᭤ 㡢㒊グྕ 䠄䝖㡢グྕ䠅 ㄪྕ䠄ኚ䝻㛗ㄪ䠋䝙▷ㄪ䠅 ᢿᏊグྕ䠄3/4䠅 ᑠ⠇⥺ • 䝞䝑䝝䠄Johann Sebastian Bach䠅 ᖹᆒᚊ䜽䝷䞂䜱䞊䜰᭤㞟䠄䠍,䠎ᕳ䠅 BWV 846䡚869, 870䡚894 㡢➢䠄ᅄศ㡢➢䠅 – ྛ᭤䛸䜒䚸๓ዌ᭤䛸䝣䞊䜺䛜୍ᑐ䛻䛺䛳䛶䛔䜛 • 㡢㒊グྕ䠖 䝖㡢グྕ䚸䝦㡢グྕ䛜ᬑ㏻ • 䝅䝵䝟䞁䠄Frederic F. Chopin䠅 24 䛾๓ዌ᭤ op.28 • 䝅䝵䝇䝍䝁䞊䝡䝑䝏䠄ȾɦɢɬɪɢɣȾ. ɒɨɫɬɚɤɨɜɢɱ䠖 Dmitrii D. Shostakovich䠅 24 䛾๓ዌ᭤䛸䝣䞊䜺 op.87 – 䛻䝝㡢グྕ䠄䝋䝥䝷䝜䠋䜰䝹䝖䠋䝔䝜䞊䝹䠅➼ • ㄪྕ䛛䜙䛿㛗ㄪ䛛▷ㄪ䛛䜟䛛䜙䛺䛔䛣䛸 䛻ὀព䠄ᴦ㆕グἲ䛾䠍䛴䛾ၥ㢟Ⅼ䠅 17 18
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