Title Author(s) 実践における「反省reflection」概念に関する一考察 : 「枠組みの 問い直し」から「原理そのもの問い直し」へ 蓮尾, 浩之 Editor(s) Citation Issue Date URL 人間社会学研究集録. 10, p.3-24 2015-03-20 http://hdl.handle.net/10466/14485 Rights http://repository.osakafu-u.ac.jp/dspace/ 人間社会学研究集録10（2014），3−24（2015年3月刊行） ᐇ㊶࠾ࡅࡿࠕ┬ UHIOHFWLRQࠖᴫᛕ㛵ࡍࡿ୍⪃ᐹ ̿̿ࠕᯟ⤌ࡳࡢၥ࠸┤ࡋࠖࡽࠕཎ⌮ࡑࡢࡶࡢၥ࠸┤ࡋࠖ̿̿ ⶈᑿ ᾈஅ* 㸯㸬ࡣࡌࡵ ࢝ࣥࢺᐇ㊶ဴᏛࡣࠊ᭷ྡ࡞ࣥࢳࣀ࣑࣮ࡢ㆟ㄽ࠾࠸࡚⮬⏤ࡢ㡿ᇦࢆ☜ಖࡍࡿ ࡇࢁࡽጞࡲࡿࠋࡑࢀࡣࠊே㛫ࡢ⾜Ⅽࡀᚲࡎࡋࡶఱࡽࡢཎᅉࡼࡗ࡚Ỵᐃࡉࢀ࡚ ࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ⮬⏤⾜Ⅽࢆ㑅ᢥࡍࡿవᆅࢆࡲࡎࡣ☜ಖࡏࡡࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠊ⪃ ࠼ࡓࡽࡔࠋࡶࡋࠊࡇࡢࡇࢆྰᐃࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡢ࡛࠶ࢀࡤࠊ⚾ࡓࡕࡣ⮬㌟ࡢ ⾜Ⅽࢆ⮬ࡽၥ࠺ࡇࡣྍ⬟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ࢝ࣥࢺࡢヨࡳࡣࠊ⮬⏤ࡢ㡿ᇦ ࢆ☜ಖࡍࡿࡇ࡛⚾ࡓࡕࠕఱࢆⅭࡍࡁࠖ ࠕ࠸ࡿ⯙࠺ࡁࠖ࠸࠺┬ ⓗ࡞ၥ࠸ࢆྍ⬟ࡍࡿヨࡳ࡛࠶ࡾࠊྠ⾜Ⅽࡢၿᝏ㛵ࢃࡿ⌮ⓗ࡞ၥ࠸ࡑࡢࡶ ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿゝ࠼ࡿࠋࡋࡋࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ┬ⓗ࡞ど⥺ࡣࠕ⤒㦂ⓗ࡞ᑐ㇟ࡋ࡚ࡢ⮬ᕫࠖ ࠕ⤒㦂ⓗ࡞⮬ᕫࢆಠ▔ࡍࡿ┬ⓗ㸦㉸㉺ㄽⓗ㸧࡞⮬ᕫࠖ࠸࠺ࠕ⤒㦂ⓗ㸫㉸㉺ㄽ ⓗ㔜యࠖ࠸࠺ᵓ㐀ࢆᣢࡘ㏆௦ⓗయࡢࣔࢹࣝࡋ࡚ࠊࡋࡤࡋࡤᢈุࡉࢀ ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࡣࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ⮬ᕫࢆಠ▔ࡍࡿࣔࢹ࡛ࣝࡣ࡞ࡃࠊᐇ㊶ෆᅾࡋࡓࠕ ┬ࠖ࠸࠺ᴫᛕࢆྲྀࡾୖࡆ࡚ࡳࡓ࠸ࠋ ࡑࡇ࡛ࠊᮏ✏ࡣࢻࢼࣝࢻ࣭㸿࣭ࢩ࣮ࣙࣥ㸦'RQDOG$6K¸Q㸧ࡢ┬ⓗᐇ㊶ᐙ UHIOHFWLYHSUDFWLWLRQHU ㄽࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ┬ⓗᐇ㊶ UHIOHFWLYHSUDFWLFHㄽࢆࡵࡄ ࡿ㆟ㄽࢆ୰ᚰࠊᐇ㊶࠾ࡅࡿࠕ┬ UHIOHFWLRQࠖ㛵ࡍࡿ୍ࡘࡢ⪃ᐹࢆᥦ♧ࡍ 㜰ᗓ❧ᏛᏛ㝔ே㛫♫Ꮫ◊✲⛉༤ኈᚋᮇㄢ⛬㸦ே㛫⛉Ꮫᑓᨷ㸧 ࠕ⤒㦂ⓗ㸫㉸㉺ㄽⓗ㔜యࠖ࠸࠺⾲⌧ࡣࠊࣇ࣮ࢥ࣮⏤᮶ࡍࡿ㸦Foucault (1996). 㑥ヂ㸸ࣇ࣮ ࢥ࣮ 1974:338㸧 ࠋ 2 reflection ࠸࠺ゝⴥࡢㄒ※ࡣࠊࣛࢸࣥㄒࡢ reflectere ⏤᮶ࡋࠊturnࠊbend ࢆពࡍࡿ͆flectere͇ ࠊback ࢆពࡍࡿ᥋㢌ㄒࡢ͆re͇ࡽᡂࡾ❧ࡘࠋヂㄒࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ ࠕ┬ࠖࡢࠕ┬ᐹࠖ ࠕෆ┬ࠖ ࠕࡩࡾ㏉ࡾࠖ࡞ࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࡣࠊ ࠕ⮬ࡽࢆၥ࠸࡞࠾ࡍࠖ࠸࠺㊃᪨ἢ࠺ࡓࡵࠕ ┬ࠖ࠸࠺ㄒࢆ⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࡞࠾ࠊreflective practitioner ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ reflective practice ࠸࠺ㄒ 㛵ࡋ࡚ࠊబ⸨Ꮫࡽࡀ 2001 ᖺฟ∧ࡋࡓヂ᭩㸦㒊ศヂ㸧࡛ࡣࠕ┬ⓗᐇ㊶ࠖ ࠕ┬ⓗᐇ㊶ᐙࠖ࠸ ࠺ヂㄒࡀᙜ࡚ࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘᐃ╔ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵࠊᮏ✏࡛ࡶᚑࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᰗἑ୍ᫀࡽࡼࡿ 2007 ᖺࡢヂ࡛ࡣࠊ ࠕ┬ᐹⓗᐇ㊶ࠖ ࠕ┬ᐹⓗᐇ㊶⪅ࠖ࠸࠺ヂㄒࡀᙜ࡚ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋྠ᭩࡛ࡣࠊ ࠕ ┬ࠖࡀ㐣ཤࡢᚿྥᢈุᛶࡀᙉ࠸ࡇࠊ ࠕෆ┬ࠖࡀ⮬ᕫࡢෆ㠃ࢆぢࡘࡵࡿഃ㠃ࡀᙉㄪࡉࢀࡿࡇ ࡞ࡽࠕ┬ᐹࠖ࠸࠺ヂㄒࢆ㑅ᢥࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ * 1 1 4 蓮尾 浩之 ࡿࠋࢩ࣮ࣙࣥࡼࡗ࡚┬ⓗᐇ㊶ㄽࡀᥦ㉳ࡉࢀ࡚௨㝆ࠊᵝࠎ࡞ᐇ㊶㡿ᇦ࠾࠸࡚ࠕ ┬ࠖᴫᛕࡢ㔜せᛶࡀኌ㧗ྉࡤࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ་⒪ࡸ┳ㆤ࡞ࡢᑓ㛛ⓗ࡞ᢏ⾡ࡀせồࡉ ࢀࡿ⌧ሙࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ♫ᩍ⫱ࡸᡂேᩍ⫱࠸ࡗࡓࡁ࡞どⅬࡽࡢ㛵ᚰࡶ㧗࠸ࠋ ࡋࡋࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢ㆟ㄽ࠾ࡅࡿࠕ┬ࠖᴫᛕࡘ࠸࡚ࡢᐃ⩏ࡣᚲࡎࡋࡶ᫂☜࡞ࡶࡢ ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊᢈุⓗ᳨ウࡀ༑ศຍ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡶゝ࠸ࡀࡓ࠸ࠋࢩ࣮ࣙࣥࡢ㆟ㄽ ࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊ ࠕ┬ࠖᴫᛕࡀỴࡋ࡚᫂☜࡞ࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࡑࡢဴᏛⓗᇶ♏࡙ࡅ ࡀ༑ศ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠸࠺ᢈุࡀከࡃ࠶ࡾࠊᵝࠎ࡞ほⅬࡽࡢ᳨ウࡀຍ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡑࡇ࡛ࠊ ┬ⓗᐇ㊶ࢆࡵࡄࡿ㆟ㄽࢆ࠸ࡃࡘ᳨ウࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ ࡑࡢㄽⅬࢆ᫂ࡽࡋࠊ ࡑࡇぢ࠸ࡔࡉࢀࡿࠕ┬ࠖࡢᅾࡾ᪉ࡀ⌮ⓗ࡞ၥ࠸⧅ࡀࡿྍ⬟ᛶࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࠋ ࡲࡎࠊࢩ࣮ࣙࣥࡢ┬ⓗᐇ㊶ㄽࡀࠕᢏ⾡ⓗྜ⌮ᛶࡢᢈุࠖ࠸࠺ࡁ࡞┠ⓗࢆᣢ ࡘࡇࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿࠋḟࠊ┬ⓗᐇ㊶ࡀࠊ┤㠃ࡍࡿၥ㢟ࢆୖᡭࡃࡸࡾ㐣ࡈࡍࠕ⩦⇍ࠖ ࡞ࡾࡡ࡞࠸ࡇࢆࠕࢱࢡࢺࠖ࠸࠺ᴫᛕࡢ㆟ㄽࡽᣦࡍࡿࠋࡑࢀࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࠊ ⚾ࡓࡕࡣᐇ㊶࠾ࡅࡿ ࠕ┬ࠖ ࡢ㆟ㄽ࡛୰ᚰⓗ࡞ㄽⅬࢆぢฟࡍࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ ࡉࡽࡑࡇ࡛ぢฟࡉࢀࡓᅔ㞴ࢆ࢝ࣥࢺဴᏛᇶ࡙࠸࡚ࡾ㉺࠼ࡼ࠺ࡍࡿࣉ࣮ࣟ ࢳࢆぢ࡞ࡀࡽࠊᐇ㊶࠾ࡅࡿࠕ┬ࠖᴫᛕࡀ⌮ⓗ࡞ၥ࠸⧅ࡀࡿዎᶵࢆ᥈ࡿࠋ⤖ ㄽࢆඛྲྀࡾࡋ࡚ゝ࠼ࡤࠊ ࠕཎ⌮ࡑࡢࡶࡢࡢၥ࠸┤ࡋࠖ࠸࠺┬ࡢᅾࡾ᪉ࡑࡢዎᶵ ࢆぢฟࡍࡇ࡞ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ ࠼ࡤࠊ┬ⓗᐇ㊶ㄽࡢ◊✲⪅࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿ࢟ࣥࢭࣛࡣࠊ⮬㌟ࡀࢭࣛࣆࢫࢺࡋ࡚ࡢᐇ㊶ⓗ࡞⤒㦂 ᛂ⟅ࡍࡿ⌮ㄽࡋ࡚ࠊ┬ⓗᐇ㊶ㄽฟࡗࡓ㏙࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Kinsella, 2007a㸧 ࠋ┳ㆤࡢ㡿ᇦ࡛ ࡣࠊ 1922 ᖺ࣓࣭ࣜ࢝ࣥࢹࢼᏛ࡛タࡉࢀࡓᅜ㝿┳ㆤᏛ Sigma Theta Tau International 㸦STTI㸧ࡀࠊ┳ㆤ࠾ࡅࡿ┬ⓗᐇ㊶ࡢ㔜せᛶࢆㄝ࠸࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Honor Society of Nursing, 2005㸧 ࠋ ࢃࡀᅜ࡛ࡶࠊࡲࡎࡣᩍᖌᩍ⫱ࡢᩥ⬦࠾࠸࡚ࠊࢩ࣮ࣙࣥࡢヂ⪅ࡢ୍ே࡛࠶ࡿబ⸨Ꮫ㸦బ⸨, 1998㸧 ࡸࠊᒣཱྀᜏኵࡽࡼࡿࠕࣉࣟࢭࢫࣞࢥ࣮ࢻࠖࢆ⏝࠸ࡓᩍᖌᩍ⫱࠾ࡅࡿ┬ⓗᐇ㊶ࡢ⮫ᗋⓗ◊✲ 㸦ᒣཱྀᜏ࣭ᒣཱྀ⨾, 2004, ᒣཱྀ⨾࣭㉺ᬛ࣭ᒣཱྀᜏ, 2007㸧 ࠊయ⫱ᩍ⫱ࡢᐇ㊶⌧ሙ࠾ࡅࡿㄪᰝ◊✲ࠊ ◊✲㸦ཌᮾ࣭ᱵ㔝࣭ᯘ࣭㧗ᮧ࣭ୖཎ, 2005, 㧗ᮧ࣭ཌᮾ࣭ᱵ㔝࣭ᯘ࣭ୖཎ, 2006㸧 ࠊ࡞ࡀ࠶ ࡿࠋࡢ㡿ᇦ࡛ࡣࠊ࠼ࡤ᪥ᮏࣉ࣐࣭ࣛࣜࢣ㐃ྜᏛࡀ 2010 ᖺࡽᏛㄅ࡛ࠕ┬ᐹⓗᐇ㊶ ᐙධ㛛ࠖ㢟ࡋࡓࢥ࣮ࢼ࣮ࢆタࡅࠊ㞳ᓥデ⒪㸦ᮏᮧ, 2012㸧 ࠊᣦᑟ་ࡋ࡚ࡢᐇ㊶㸦୰ᮧ, 2012㸧 ࠊ ᪂ே┳ㆤᩍ⫱㸦㐲⸨, 2012㸧 ࠊ⦆ࢣ㸦▼, 2013㸧࡞ࡢᵝࠎ࡞ࢸ࣮࣐ࡽㄽᩥࡀᥦฟࡉࢀ࡚ ࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ♫ᩍ⫱ࡸ⏕ᾭᏛ⩦ࡢ❧ሙࡽ┬ⓗᐇ㊶ࡢ㆟ㄽゝཬࡋࡓ✀ࠎࡢ◊✲ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ 㸦➉ῡ, 2009㸧ࢆཧ↷ࠋ 4 ᮏ✏࡛ྲྀࡾୖࡆࡓࡶࡢ௨እࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ┬ⓗᐇ㊶ㄽࡀ࣐ࢣ࣭࣏ࣝࣛࢽ࣮ࡢࠕᬯ㯲▱ tacit knowledgeࠖࡢ⌮ㄽࢠࣝࣂ࣮ࢺ࣭ࣛࣝࡢࠕᚰࡢဴᏛ philosophy of mindࠖࡢ㸰ࡘࢆ⫼ᬒࡋ࡚ ࠸ࡿ࠸࠺࢟ࣥࢭࣛࡢ㆟ㄽ㸦Kinsella, 2007b㸧࡞ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ 3 2 実践における「反省reflection」概念に関する一考察 5 㸰㸬 ࠕᢏ⾡ⓗྜ⌮ᛶࠖࡢᢈุࡋ࡚ࡢ┬ⓗᐇ㊶ㄽ ࢩ࣮ࣙࣥࡢ┬ⓗᐇ㊶ㄽࡣࠊᑓ㛛ᐙࡢᐇ㊶࠾ࡅࡿࠕᢏ⾡ⓗྜ⌮ᛶ WHFKQLFDO UDWLRQDOLW\ࠖࡢ㝈⏺ࢆᣦࡋࠊࡑࢀࢆᢈุࡍࡿࡇ୍ࡘࡢࡁ࡞┠ⓗࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࢩ ࣮ࣙࣥࡼࡿࠊᢏ⾡ⓗྜ⌮ᛶࡢࣔࢹࣝ࠾࠸࡚㔜どࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣࠊᐇ㊶⪅ࡀࠕ⛉ Ꮫⓗ࡞⌮ㄽࡸᢏ⾡ࢆཝᐦ㐺⏝ࡍࡿࠖ࠸ࡗࡓࠕ㐨ලⓗ࡞ၥ㢟ゎỴ LQVWUXPHQWDO SUREOHPVROYLQJ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿ㸦6K¸Q㸧 ࠋࢩ࣮ࣙࣥࡼࡿࠊࡇࡢ⪃࠼᪉ࡣす ὒࡢᛮไᗘࡢṔྐࡢ୰࠶ࡿࠕᐇド⩏ 3RVLWLYLVPࡢ㑇⏘࡛ࠖ࠶ࡾࠊ ୡ⣖ ࡢᚋ༙ࡽ ୡ⣖ࡢึ㢌ࡅ࡚Ꮫᩍ⫱ࡢ୰࡛ไᗘࡉࢀࡓࠋ ࡑࡇ࡛ࡢᐇ㊶ⓗ࡞ ၥ࠸ࡣࠊ ࠕ┠ⓗᡭẁ࠸࠺㛵ಀࢆࡵࡄࡿ▱ࠖࡢᑐ㇟ࡋ࡚ᵓᡂࡉࢀࠊ ࠕ┠ⓗࢆ㐩ᡂ ࡍࡿࡢ᭱㐺࡞ᡭẁ࠸ࡗࡓ㐨ලⓗ࡞ၥ࠸ࡋ࡚༢⣧ࠖࡉࢀࡓࠋࡉࡽࠊ➨ḟ ୡ⏺ᡓࡸᏱᐂ㛤Ⓨ➇த࡞ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ᅜᐙつᶍ࡛ࡢ⛉Ꮫࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺᑐࡍࡿᮇᚅ ࡀ㧗ࡲࡾࠊ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡ࡢⓎᒎࢆ⫼ᬒࡋࡓࠕᑓ㛛⫋⩏ SURIHVVLRQDOLVPࡢࠖࡀ ࠾⮃❧࡚ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡗࡓࡉࢀࡿ㸦LELG㸧 ࠋ ࡇࢁࡀࠊ ⌧ᅾࡣ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡ࡢⓎᒎࡀᘬࡁ㉳ࡇࡍᵝࠎ࡞♫ၥ㢟ࡀ㢧ᅾࡋࡓ⤖ᯝࠊ ᑓ㛛ⓗ⫋ᴗࡢ㝈⏺ࡀ▱ࡽࢀࠊಙ㢗ࡀపୗࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࢩ࣮ࣙࣥࡣᣦࡍࡿࠋࡑࢀࡣ♫ ࡀࡼࡾ㧗ᗘ」㞧ࡋࡓ⤖ᯝࠊᐇド⩏ⓗ࡞⪃࠼᪉ࡀᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡼ࠺ࠕゎỴ ࡛ࡁࡿၥ㢟ࡀࡑࡇ࠶ࡿ࠸࠺≧ἣ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠖࡽ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ≧ ἣࡣࠕ☜ᐇᛶ XQFHUWDLQO\ࠖ ࠕつ๎ᛶ GLVRUGHUࠖ ࠕ☜ᐃᛶ LQGHWHUPLQDF\ࠖ ࡼࡗ࡚≉ᚩࡅࡽࢀࡿ㸦LELG㸧 ࠋᢏ⾡ⓗྜ⌮ᛶࡢほⅬࡽࡣࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ≧ἣ ᑐᛂ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࡣᑓ㛛ⓗᐇ㊶ࡀၥ㢟ࠑゎỴ VROYLQJࠒࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫ࡛ࡋ࡞࠸ ࡽࡔࠋࡋࡋࠊᐇ㝿ᑓ㛛ᐙࡀ┤㠃ࡍࡿࡢࡣࠊᮍ▱࡛ࠊ☜ᐇ࡛ࠊᚲࡎࡋࡶゎỴ ࡍࡿࡁၥ㢟ࡀ⮬࡛᫂ࡣ࡞࠸≧ἣ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡼࡗ࡚ࠊࡑࡇ࡛ࡣࠕࡑࡢࡲࡲ࡛ࡣពࢆ ᡂࡉ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡞☜ᐇ࡞≧ἣࠊ୍ᐃࡢពࢆ࠼࡚࠸࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠖ ࠋࡘࡲ ࡾࠊࡑࡇ࡛ᚲせࡉࢀࡿࡢࡣ༢࡞ࡿࠕ┠ⓗ̿ᡭẁࠖࡢ㛵ಀᅇࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ゎỴ ࡢ⬟ຊࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ┠ⓗࡑࡢࡶࡢࢆၥ࠺ࠊၥ㢟ࠑタᐃ VHWWLQJࠒࡢ⬟ຊ࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ ࡿ㸦LELG㸧 ࠋ ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࠕᢏ⾡ⓗྜ⌮ᛶࡢᢈุࠖ࠸࠺ࢸ࣮࣐ࡣࠊࢩ࣮ࣙࣥࡔࡅぢࡽࢀࡿࡶࡢ ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ࠼ࡤࠊ᪥ᮏ࠾ࡅࡿ┬ⓗᐇ㊶ㄽ◊✲ࡢ➨୍ே⪅࡛࠶ࡿబ⸨Ꮫࡶࡇࡢ 5 ࢩ࣮ࣙࣥఝࡓၥ㢟ព㆑ࡣ 20 ୡ⣖ᚋ༙ࢆ୰ᚰከࡃࡢศ㔝ࠊ 㡿ᇦ࡛ぢࡽࢀࡿ 㸦Kinsella, 2007a㸧 ࠋ 3 6 蓮尾 浩之 ほⅬࢆ㋃くࡍࡿࠋబ⸨ࡣࠊᩍ⫱ࡢᐇ㊶◊✲ᦠࢃࡗ࡚ࡁࡓ❧ሙࡽࠕᤵᴗࢆᅛ᭷ࡢ ⌮ㄽ◊✲ࡢᑐ㇟ࡋࠊ⤒㦂⛉Ꮫࡢ᪉ἲ࡛ࡑࡢ㐣⛬ࡢἲ๎ⓗ࡞⌮ゎࡸᢏ⾡ཎ⌮ࡢ୍⯡ ࢆồࡵࡿព࡛ࡢࠗᤵᴗ◊✲࠘ 㸦బ⸨㸧 ࠖࢆᢈุࡋࠊࡑࢀࡣࠕᐇ㊶⌧ሙ ࡢࠗ⛉Ꮫⓗᢏ⾡ࡢྜ⌮ⓗ㐺⏝㸦WHFKQLFDOUDWLRQDOLW\㸧 ࠘࠸࠺ࠊ㏆௦⩏ⓗ࡞ࠗ⌮ ㄽ࠘ࠗᐇ㊶࠘ࡢ㛵ಀ㸦LELG㸧 ࠖᨭ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㏙࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊᩍᖌ ࡢᑓ㛛ⓗຊ㔞㛵ࡋ࡚ࠊ ࠕᩍ⫱Ꮫࡸᚰ⌮Ꮫࡶ࡙ࡃ⛉Ꮫⓗ࡞ཎ⌮ࡸᢏ⾡࡛つᐃࡍࡿ ⪃࠼᪉ࠖࢆࠕၥ㢟≧ἣయⓗ㛵ࡋ࡚Ꮚࡶࡢ⏕ࡁࡓ㛵ಀࢆྲྀࡾ⤖ࡧࠊ┬ᐹ ⇍⪃ࡼࡾၥ㢟ࢆ⾲㇟ࡋゎỴ⟇ࢆ㑅ᢥࡋุ᩿ࡍࡿᐇ㊶ⓗぢ㆑㸦SUDFWLFDOZLVGRP㸧 ồࡵࡿ⪃࠼᪉ࠖࢆᑐ❧ࡉࡏࠊᚋ⪅ࡢ❧ሙ❧ࡘࡇ࡛ᩍᖌࢆࠕ┬ⓗᐇ㊶ᐙ UHIOHFWLYHSUDFWLWLRQHUࠖࡋ࡚ᤊ࠼ࡿࡇࡀฟ᮶ࡿ࠸࠺㸦LELG㸧 ࠋ ࢩ࣮ࣙࣥࡢ┬ⓗᐇ㊶ᐙㄽࡀᗈࡲࡗࡓ⫼ᬒࠊᢏ⾡ⓗྜ⌮ᛶᇶ࡙ࡃၥ㢟ゎỴࡢ ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࡀࠊᵝࠎ࡞ᑓ㛛ⓗ㡿ᇦ࠾࠸࡚ᶵ⬟㝗ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀ࠶ࡿ⪃࠼ ࡽࢀࡿࠋ᪤㏙ࡓࡼ࠺ࠊࢩ࣮ࣙࣥࡣᑓ㛛ᐙࡀ┤㠃ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿၥ㢟≧ἣࢆࠕ☜ᐇ ᛶࠖ ࠕつ๎ᛶࠖ ࠕ☜ᐃᛶࠖ࠸ࡗࡓᙧ࡛ᤊ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓほⅬࡣࢹ࣮ࣗ ࡢࠕ┬ⓗᛮ⪃ UHIOHFWLYHWKLQNLQJࠖࡢ㆟ㄽࡽᘬࡁ⥅ࡀࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࢹ࣮ࣗࡣᛮ⪃ࡢാࡁࢆ⪃ᐹࡍࡿ୰࡛ࠊே㛫ࡢࠕᛮᝳ WKRXJKWࠖࡣᵝࠎ࡞ព ࡀ࠶ࡿࡋࠊ ࠕ┬ⓗᛮ⪃ UHIOHFWLYHWKLQNLQJࠖࡀࡼࡾඃ⚽࡞ᛮ⪃ែᗘ࡛࠶ࡿ⪃ ࠼ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡣࠊ➨୍ࠕᝨ GRXEWࠊ㌋㌉ KHVLWDWLRQࠊᅔᝨ SHUSOH[LW\ࠊᚰⓗᅔ 㞴 PHQWDOGLIILFXOW\ ࠸ࡗࡓ≧ែࢆᛮ⪃ࡢ㉳※ࡋ࡚ྵࡴ 㸦'HZH\㸧 ࠖ ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ➨ࠕᝨࢆゎỴࡋࠊᅔᝨࢆฎ⌮ࡍࡿᮦᩱ PDWHULDOࢆぢࡘࡅࡿࡓ ࡵࡢㄪᰝࠊ㏣ồࠊ᥈ồ࠸ࡗࡓࣉࣟࢭࢫ㸦LELG㸧 ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋࢹ࣮ࣗࡗ࡚ࠊ ᛮ⪃ࡣࠕᬑ㐢ⓗㅖཎ๎ JHQHUDOSULQFLSOHVࠖᇶ࡙࠸࡚⏕㉳ࡍࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ ᝨࡸᅔᝨ࠸ࡗࡓዎᶵࡼࡗ࡚ㄏⓎࡉࢀࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ┬ⓗᛮ⪃ࡣほ ᐹࡼࡾㅖᐇࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿ᮲௳ὀពࢆᡶ࠸ࠊࡑࡇࡽࠕᬯ♧ VXJJHVWLRQࠖࢆㄞࡳ ྲྀࡾࠊ ࠕᣦᑟⓗほᛕ JXLGLQJLGHDࠖࡋ࡚ࡢ௬ㄝ K\SRWKHVLV ࢆᙧᡂࡋ࡞ࡀࡽၥ㢟ࢆ ࡇࡇ࡛బ⸨ࡣࠊtechnical rationality ࠸࠺ㄒࠕ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡ࡢྜ⌮ⓗ㐺⏝ࠖ࠸࠺ヂࢆᙜ࡚࡚࠸ ࡿࠋࡇࡇࡣబ⸨⊂⮬ࡢ⩻ពࡀ㎸ࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺ᛮ࠼ࡿࡀࠊࡑࡢࡲࡲᘬ⏝ࡋࡓࠋ 7 thought thinking ࠸࠺ㄒࢆࠊ ࢹ࣮ࣗࡣᚲࡎࡋࡶ᫂☜༊ูࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺ࡣᛮ࠼࡞࠸ࡀࠊ ࠗᛮ⪃ࡢ᪉ἲ࠘ࡢෑ㢌㒊ศ࡛ࡣࠕ㢟ࡢ๓ࠊᢡᛮᝳ thought ࡤࢀࡿูࡢᚰⓗ㐣⛬ࢆ⪃ᐹ ࡋࡼ࠺ࠖࡋ࡚ࠊ₍↛ࡋࡓព㆑ࡢὶࢀࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢࢆྲྀࡾୖࡆ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡼࡗ࡚ࠊࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ thought ࢆព㆑ࡢ₍↛ࡋࡓὶࢀࠋthinking ࢆ࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘ⮬Ⓨⓗ࡞ᛮ⪃స⏝ࡋ࡚ᤊ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 6 4 実践における「反省reflection」概念に関する一考察 7 ᥈ồࡍࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦LELG㸧 ࠋ࠼ࡤࠊᛴ࡞ᐮẼࢆឤࡌࡓࠊᑡ࡞ࡽࡎ⚾ ࡣᅔᝨࡍࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࡑࡢၥ㢟≧ἣ࠾࠸࡚ࠊ⚾ࡣ⮬ࡽࡢ≧ែࡸ࿘ᅖࡢ≧ἣࢆほᐹ ࡋࠊᬯ♧ࡍࡿࡶࡢࢆㄞࡳྲྀࢁ࠺ࡍࡿࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࠊ⚾ࡣయ ࡽ⮬ࡽࡢయㄪࡀᝏ࠸ ⪃࠼ࡿࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࡋࠊ✵ࡢᵝᏊࡽ㞵ࡀ㝆ࡿ๓ࡔ⪃࠼ࡿࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋࡑ ࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࢀࡽࡢ௬ㄝࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࠋయㄪࡀᝏ࠸ุ᩿ࡋࡓ࡞ࡽ་⪅ࡢุ᩿ࢆ௮ࡈ࠺ ࡍࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࡋࠊ ᛴ࡞ኳೃࡢᝏࡔุ᩿ࡋࡓ࡞ࡽኳẼணሗࢆ☜ㄆࡋࡓࡾࡍࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ ࢹ࣮ࣗࡢ⪃࠼ࡿ┬ⓗᛮ⪃ࡣࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓヨ⾜㘒ㄗࡢ᥎ㄽ LQIHUHQFH᳨ド WHVWLQJࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࢩ࣮ࣙࣥࡢ┬ⓗᐇ㊶ㄽࡣࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࢹ࣮ࣗ࠾ࡅ ࡿࠕ┬ࠖࡢᴫᛕࢆཷࡅ⥅࠸࡛࠸ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡣࠊᵝࠎ࡞ၥ㢟ᑐᛂࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ」㞧ᛶ FRPSOH[LW\ࢆᛕ㢌࠾࠸ࡓࡶࡢࡔࠋ 㸱㸬┬ⓗᐇ㊶࠾ࡅࡿࠕ⾜Ⅽࡢ୰ࡢ┬ࠖ ࡇࡇࡲ࡛ࢩ࣮ࣙࣥࡢ┬ⓗᐇ㊶ㄽࡀࠕᢏ⾡ⓗྜ⌮ᛶᑐࡍࡿᢈุࠖ࠸࠺ࡁ࡞ ࢸ࣮࣐ࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࢆぢ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ࡛ࡣࠊࢩ࣮ࣙࣥࡀ⪃࠼ࡿࠕ┬ⓗᐇ㊶ࠖࡣ ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢࠋࡑࡢ᭱ࡢ≉ᚩࡣࠊ ࠕ⾜Ⅽࡢ୰ࡢ┬ UHIOHFWLRQLQDFWLRQࠖ ࠸࠺ほⅬࢆᣢࡘࡇࡔࠋ ࢩ࣮ࣙࣥࡣࠊᵝࠎ࡞ᑓ㛛ⓗᐇ㊶ࢆᣲࡆࠊᙼࡽࡀ⾜Ⅽࡢࠑ୰࡛ LQࠒᐇ㊶ⓗ࡞▱ ࢆᙧᡂࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࣉࣟࢭࢫࢆ♧ࡍࠋ࠼ࡤࠊࢪࣕࢬ࣭࣑࣮ࣗࢪࢩࣕࣥࡢ༶⯆₇ዌࡣỴ ࡋ࡚↓⛛ᗎ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ ࠕ୍ᐃࡢࣇ࣮࣒ࣞࡢ୰࡛࠸ࡃࡘࡢ㡢ᴦ㢟ࢆ⤖ࡧࡘࡅ ࡓࡾ⤖ࡧ࠼ࡓࡾࡍࡿࡇ࡛ࠖࠕࡑࡇ᪂ࡋ࠸ឤゐࢆぢࡘࡅࠊ⮬ศࡓࡕࡢ₇ዌࢆࠊ ീࡋࡓ᪂ࡋ࠸ឤゐྜࢃࡏ࡚࠸ࡇ࠺ࡍࡿࠖ ࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ ࠕ㡢ᴦࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ⾜Ⅽࡢ୰ ࡢ┬ࢆ⾜࠸ࠊ⮬ศࡀ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࢆࣉࣟࢭࢫࡢ୰࡛⪃࠼ࠊ⮬ศࡢ⾜Ⅽࢆ㐍 ࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡿࠖࡉࢀࡿ㸦6K¸Q㸧 ࠋ⚾ࡓࡕࡣࠊ⮬ࡽࡢ⾜Ⅽࡸ▱ࡢᯟ⤌ࡳ ࠑࡘ࠸࡚ RQࠒᚋⓗࡾ㏉ࡿࡇࡶฟ᮶ࡿࡀࠊࢩ࣮ࣙࣥࡣᑓ㛛ᐙࡓࡕࡀྠ ⾜Ⅽࡢࠑ୰࡛ LQࠒ┬ࢆᐇ㊶ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡶ⪃࠼ࡓࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊ᫂♧ⓗ࡞ゝㄒࡸᴫᛕࢆ ࡍࡿࡇ࡞ࡃࠊᐇ㊶࠾ࡅࡿ⾜Ⅽࡑࡢࡶࡢ₯ᅾࡍࡿ┬ࡢാࡁ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࢩ࣮ࣙ ࣥ⮬㌟ࡶཧ↷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺ࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᐇ㊶ᇙࡵ㎸ࡲࢀࡓ▱ࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉ࡣࠊ ࠕᬯ㯲▱ WDFLWNQRZLQJࠖ࠸࠺⪃࠼ࢆ㉳ࡉࡏࡿࠋ࠼ࡤࠊ⚾ࡓࡕࡣ୍⯡ⓗࠊᩘከࡃࡢ 8 ᬯ㯲▱㛵ࡍࡿヲ⣽ࡣ࣏ࣛࢽ࣮ࡢ㆟ㄽࢆཧ↷㸦࣏ࣛࢽ࣮, 2003㸧 ࠋ๓㏙ࡋࡓࡼ࠺ࠊ࢟ࣥࢭࣛࡣ 5 8 蓮尾 浩之 ␗࡞ࡿ㢦ࢆࠊูேࡢ㢦༊ูࡍࡿࡇࡀฟ᮶ࡿࠋࡋࡋࠊࡑࢀࡽࡢ㢦ࢆࡢࡼ࠺ ࡋ࡚༊ูࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࠸࠺ࡇࢆ᫂♧ⓗ⌮ゎࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ ࡶࡕࢁࢇࠊ ⣽࠸㢦ࡢ≉ᚩࡢ㐪࠸ࢆᣦࡍࡿࡇࡣ࠸ࡃࡽ࡛ࡶྍ⬟ࡔࡀࠊᐇ㝿ࡢุ᩿ࡣࡑ࠺ࡋ ࡓศᯒࢆᚲせࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡇࡀከ࠸ࠋࡇ࠺ࡋ࡚ࠊேࡢ㢦ࢆ▐㆑ู࡛ࡁࡿࡼ ࠺ࠊᑓ㛛ᐙࡓࡕࡣᐇ㊶ࡢ࡞࡛༙ࡤ↓ព㆑ⓗ⮬ࡽࡢ⾜Ⅽ▱ࡢᯟ⤌ࡳࢆၥ࠸࡞ ࠾ࡍ⬟ຊࢆⓎࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢ⬟ຊࡣࠊ ࠕࢃࡊ DUWࠖ⾲⌧ࡉࢀࠊ ࡇࢀࡼࡗ࡚ᐇ㊶⪅ࡓࡕࡣከᵝ࡞⌧ᐇᑐࡋ࡚」㞧࡞ᑐᛂࡀྍ⬟࡞ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀ ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ௨ୖࡢࡼ࠺ࠊࢩ࣮ࣙࣥࡣᵝࠎ࡞ᑓ㛛ⓗ㡿ᇦࢆᣲࡆࠊ┬ⓗᐇ㊶࠾࠸࡚ࠕ⾜ Ⅽࡢ୰ࡢ┬ UHIOHFWLRQLQDFWLRQࠖࡢ㔜せᛶࢆᙉㄪࡍࡿࠋࡋࡋࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࢩࣙ ࣮ࣥࡢグ㏙ࡣࠊ┬ⓗᐇ㊶࠾ࡅࡿࠕ┬ࠖᴫᛕࡢ⪃ᐹࢆ㞴ࡋࡃࡶࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࠸ ࠺ࡢࡶࠊ┬ⓗᐇ㊶ࢆ㧗ᗘᑓ㛛ࡉࢀࡓᐇ㊶▱ࡋ࡚ᥥࡃࡇࡣࠊ ࠕ┬ࠖ࠸࠺ ே㛫ࡢႠࡳࢆಶูⓗ࡞㛢ࡌ㎸ࡵ࡚ࡋࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺ࡶᛮ࠼ࡿࡽࡔࠋࢪࣕ ࢬ࣭࣑࣮ࣗࢪࢩࣕࣥࡣࢪࣕࢬ࣭࣑࣮ࣗࢪࢩࣕࣥᅛ᭷ࡢࠕࢃࡊࠖ 㸦࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࠕᬯ㯲▱ࠖ 㸧 ࡀᏑᅾࡋࠊ ࠕ⾜Ⅽࡢ୰ࡢ┬ࠖࡣࡑࡢࠕࢃࡊࠖࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚࡞ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡑࡢࡢᑓ㛛ᐙࡢ ࠕࢃࡊࠖࡶࡲࡓᅛ᭷࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ⌧ሙ࠾࠸࡚┬ⓗᐇ㊶ࢆྍ⬟ࡍ ࡿࠋࡶࡋࠊ ࠕ⾜Ⅽࡢ୰ࡢ┬ࠖࡀࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢࡋ࡚ࡋᥥࡃࡇࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸࡞ࡽ ࡤࠊࡑࡇ࡛ඹ㏻ࡍࡿࠕ┬ࠖᴫᛕ࡞࠶ࡾ࠼ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ ࠕࢃࡊࠖ࠸࠺ㅦࡵ࠸ࡓᴫ ᛕࡣࠊࡑࢀࡀ≉ᶒࡉࢀࡿࡇࡼࡾࠊ┬ࢆᐇ㊶⪅ࡢෆ㛢ࡊࡋࠊࡑࡢᐈほⓗ࡞ グ㏙ࢆᴟࡵ࡚㞴ࡋࡃࡍࡿࠋࡑࢀࡣࠕᬯ㯲▱ࠖ࠸࠺ᴫᛕ╔┠ࡋ࡚ࡶྠࡌࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ ࡑࡇ࡛ࠊ⚾ࡓࡕࡣᑓ㛛ⓗ࡞ࠕࢃࡊࠖࡋ࡚᪼⳹ࡉࢀ࡞࠸ᙧ࡛ࢩ࣮ࣙࣥ⮬㌟ࡀྲྀࡾ ୖࡆ࡚࠸ࡿ࣑࢝ࣟࣇ㸫ࢫ࣑ࢫࡽࡢᐇ㦂㸦LELG.DUPLOHII6PLWK,QKHOGHU 㸧╔┠ࡋࠊ ࠕ⾜Ⅽࡢ୰ࡢ┬ࠖࡢᙧᘧⓗ࡞ࣔࢹࣝࢆᢳฟࡋ࡚ࡳࡓ࠸ࠋࡇࡢᐇ㦂 ࡛ࡣࠊ」ᩘࡢࣈࣟࢵࢡࢆ㔠ᒓᲬࡢୖࣂࣛࣥࢫࡼࡃ✚ࡳୖࡆࡿ࠸࠺ㄢ㢟ࢆ࠼ࡽ ࢀࡓ୰࡛ࠊᏊࡶࡓࡕࡀࡢࡼ࠺ㄢ㢟ᛂ⟅ࡍࡿࡢࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ⚾ࡓࡕ ࡣࡇࡢᐇ㦂ࡽࠊᏊࡶࡓࡕࡀ┠ࡢ๓ࡢㄢ㢟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡢࡼ࠺ࡋ࡚┬ⓗྲྀࡾ ⤌ࡴࡢࠊ࠸࠺ᴟࡵ࡚༢⣧࡞ࣔࢹࣝࢆㄞࡳྲྀࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࠊࡑࡢᙧᘧⓗ࡞ࣔࢹࣝ ࡣ࠶ࡽࡺࡿᐇ㊶ᛂ⏝ྍ⬟ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋලయⓗࡣࠊᏊࡶࡓࡕࡀၥ㢟ゎỴࡢࡓࡵ ⏝ࡍࡿᴫᛕ㸦ཎ⌮㸧ࢆࠕᗄఱᏛⓗ୰ᚰ JHRPHWULFFHQWHUࠖࡽࠕ㔜ຊࡢ୰ᚰ WKH ࣏ࣛࢽ࣮ࡀࢩ࣮ࣙࣥࡢဴᏛⓗ⫼ᬒࡢ୍ࡘࡢᰕ࡛࠶ࡿ⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 6 実践における「反省reflection」概念に関する一考察 9 FHQWHURIJUDYLW\ࠖኚᐜࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡃࣉࣟࢭࢫࡀᥥࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ヲࡋࡃぢ࡚ࡳࡼ࠺ࠋᐇ㦂࡛ࡣᩘ✀㢮ࡢࣈࣟࢵࢡࡀࢃࢀࡿࠋࡑࡢ୰ࡣࠊ㛗ࡉࡢ ┿ࢇ୰࡛ᆒ⾮ࡀྲྀࢀࡿࣈࣟࢵࢡࡶ࠶ࢀࡤࠊ∦ഃࡀ㔜ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵ┿ࢇ୰࡛ᆒ⾮ ࡀࢀ࡞࠸ࣈࣟࢵࢡࡶ࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ┿ࢇ୰࡛ᆒ⾮ࡀྲྀࢀ࡞࠸ࣈࣟࢵࢡࡣࠊእぢ ࡽ᫂ࡽᕥྑࡢࣂࣛࣥࢫࡀᔂࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࠊࡑࢀࡀእぢࡽࡣࢃࡽ࡞࠸ࡶࡢ ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ ㄢ㢟ࢆ࠼ࡽࢀࡓᏊࡶࡓࡕࡣࠊ ࡲࡎࡣ࡚ࡢࣈࣟࢵࢡ࡛ ࠕᗄఱᏛⓗ୰ᚰࠖ ࠊ ࡘࡲࡾ㛗ࡉࡢ┿ࢇ୰࡛ࡢᆒ⾮ࢆྲྀࢁ࠺ヨࡳࡿࠋࡋࡋࠊ୍㒊ࡢࣈࣟࢵࢡࡣୖᡭࡃ ᆒ⾮ࢆಖࡘࡇࡀฟ᮶࡞࠸ࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊᏊࡶࡓࡕࡀࠕᗄఱᏛⓗ୰ᚰࠖ࠸࠺ᴫᛕࡢ ၥ㢟ⅬࢆⓎぢࡋࠊࣂࣛࣥࢫࢆࡿࡓࡵࡣࠕ㔜ຊࡢ୰ᚰࠖ࠸࠺ᴫᛕࡀᚲせࡔẼ ࡙ࡃࡇ࡛ゎỴࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡃࠋࡑࡢಟṇࡣእぢࡽ᫂ࡽᕥྑࡢࣂࣛࣥࢫࡀᔂࢀ࡚ ࠸ࡿࣈࣟࢵࢡ࡛ࡣẚ㍑ⓗᐜ᫆ྍ⬟࡞ࡿࡀࠊእぢࡽࡣࡑࢀࡀࢃࡽ࡞࠸ࣈࣟࢵ ࢡ࡛ࡣ㛫ࡀࡿࠋࡑࡢ୰࡛ࠊᑡࡋࡎࡘ㔜ࡉ╔║ࡍࡿᵝᏊࡀぢࡽࢀࠊࡸࡀ࡚ࠊ Ꮚࡶࡓࡕࡣከࡃࡢ୰᩿ࢆ⤒࡚ヨ⾜ࢆ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡍ࠺ࡕࠊ㛗ࡉࡢ┿ࢇ୰⨨࠸࡚ࡳࡿ ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊࣈࣟࢵࢡࢆᣢࡕୖࡆ㔜ࡉࡢ೫ࡾࢆ☜ࡵࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡿࠋࡇ࠺ࡋ࡚ࠊ Ꮚࡶࡓࡕࡣࣂࣛࣥࢫ࠾ࡅࡿࠕ㔜ຊࡢ୰ᚰࠖ࠸࠺᪂ࡓ࡞ᴫᛕࢆ⋓ᚓࡍࡿࠋ ࣑࢝ࣟࣇࡽࡣࠊࡇࡢᐇ㦂ぢࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞⾜Ⅽ࠾࠸࡚᪂ࡓ⋓ᚓࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢࢆ ࠕ⾜Ⅽࡢ୰ࡢ⌮ㄽ WKHRU\LQDFWLRQࠖ⾲⌧ࡍࡿࠋࢩ࣮ࣙࣥࡣࠊ࣑࢝ࣟࣇࡽࡢほᐹ ࢆࠕ⾜Ⅽࡢ୰ࡢࠑ▱ࡢ⏕ᡂ NQRZLQJࠒࢆ⾜Ⅽࡢ୰࡛ࡢࠑ▱㆑ NQRZOHGJHࠒ⨨ࡁ ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠖㄝ᫂ࡍࡿ㸦6K¸Q㸧 ࠋࡇࡢ▱ࡣゝㄒ࡛⾲⌧ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ ࡞ࡃࠊ⾜Ⅽࡢ୰࡛㌟ࡘࡅࡽࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᏊࡶࡓࡕࡣᴫᛕࢆ⏕ࡲࢀ࡞ࡀ ࡽಖ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ ࠕᗄఱᏛⓗ୰ᚰࠖࡶࠊᏊࡶࡓࡕࡀࡑࢀࡲ࡛ࡢ⏕ά ࡢ୰࡛⋓ᚓࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࠕ⾜Ⅽࡢ୰ࡢ⌮ㄽࠖࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡇࡢ▱ࡀ⌧ᐇᑐ ࡋ࡚࠺ࡲࡃ㐺⏝࡛ࡁ࡞࠸࠸࠺ၥ㢟┤㠃ࡋࡓࡁࠊ ヨ⾜㘒ㄗࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫࡢ୰࡛ ࠕ㔜 ຊࡢ୰ᚰࠖ࠸࠺᪂ࡓ࡞ほⅬࢆᚓࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࠕ⾜Ⅽࡢ୰ࡢ┬ࠖࡣࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࠕᯟ⤌ࡳࡢ㌿ UHIUDPHࠖ࠸࠺ၥ࠸࡞࠾ࡋࡢ ࠕࡲࡎࡣ┿ࢇ୰࡛ヨࡋ࡚ࡳࡼ࠺ࠋI’ll try the middle first㸦Karmileff-Smith; Inhelder, 1975:202㸧 ࠖ ࠕࣔ ࣀࡣ࠸ࡘࡶ┿ࢇ୰࡛㔮ࡾྜ࠺ things always balance in the middle㸦ibid., 203㸧 ࠋ ࠖ 10 ࠕ୧➃ࡀྠࡌ㛗ࡉࡔࡡࠊ㔜ࡉࡢ㐪࠸ࡣ࡞࠸ it’s the same length each side, there’s no weightࠖ ࠕ∦᪉ ࡣ㔜ࡃ࡚ࠊࡶ࠺∦᪉ࡣ㛗࠸ࡡ it’s heavy on one side and long on the other 㸦ibid., 205㸧 ࠋ ࠖ 11 ࢩ࣮ࣙࣥࡣࠊᘓ⠏ࢹࢨࣥ⢭⚄⒪ἲ࠸࠺㸰ࡘࡢᑓ㛛ⓗ࡞㡿ᇦ࠾ࡅࡿᩍ⫱ࡢሙࢆࠊࡇࡢ ㌿ࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫࡢࡋ᳨࡚ウࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᏛ⏕ࡸ◊ಟ་ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊᙼࡽࡢၥ㢟タᐃࢆᩍᖌࡀᢈ ホࡋࠊ⮬㌟ᵓᡂࡉࡏࡿ࠸࠺ᙧࢆࡿࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࡣࠊᩍᖌࡢࢻࣂࢫࡣ᪤Ꮡࡢ 9 7 10 蓮尾 浩之 㔜せ࡞ዎᶵࢆྵࡴ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᙧᘧⓗ࡞ࣔࢹࣝᑐࡋ࡚ࡣྰᐃⓗ࡞ぢ ᪉ࡶ࠶ࡿࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋࡋࡋࠊ⚾ࡓࡕࡀࡇࡇ࡛ぢ࡚ࡁࡓࡇࡣࠊᝨࡸᅔᝨࢆዎ ᶵࡋ࡚௬ㄝࢆᙧᡂࡋ࡞ࡀࡽၥ㢟ࢆ᥈ồࡍࡿࠊ࠸࠺ࢹ࣮ࣗࡢࠕ┬ⓗᛮ⪃ࠖ ࡶ㏻ࡌࡿࠋࢩ࣮ࣙࣥ≉ᚩⓗ࡞ࡇࡣࠊࡇࢀࢆࠕ⾜Ⅽࡢ୰ࡢ┬ࠖ࠸࠺ᐇ㊶ෆ ᅾࡋࡓほⅬࡽᤊ࠼ࡓࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᐇ㊶ᇙࡵ㎸ࡲࢀࡓၥ࠸┤ࡋࡢࣉࣟࢭ ࢫࡣࠊࢩ࣮ࣙࣥࡀᢈุࡍࡿࠕᢏ⾡ⓗྜ⌮ᛶࠖࡢほⅬࡽࡣฟ࡚ࡇ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࡢ ┬ⓗ࡞ၥ࠸ࡣࠊࡏ࠸ࡐ࠸๓ᥦࡉࢀࡓᴫᛕࡸ⌮ㄽࢆ⌧ᐇ㐺⏝ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢᡭẁࡢၥ ࠸┤ࡋ㸦࠸࡞ࡿᡭẁࡀ᭱ࡶ㐺ษ㸧࡛ࡋ࡞࠸ࡽࡔࠋ ௨ୖࡢࡼ࠺ࠊࢩ࣮ࣙࣥࡢ┬ⓗᐇ㊶ㄽࡣࠕ㐨ලⓗ࡞ၥ㢟ゎỴࠖࢆ㔜どࡍࡿࠕᢏ ⾡ⓗྜ⌮ᛶࠖࡢ㝈⏺ࢆᢈุࡋࠊࡑࢀ࡛ࡣᑐᛂ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸」㞧ᛶࢆᏎࢇࡔከᵝ࡞⌧ᐇ ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ ࠕఱࢆⅭࡍࡁࠖ ࠕ࠸ࡿ⯙࠺ࡁࠖ࠸࠺┬ⓗ࡞ၥ࠸ࢆࠊᐇ㊶ ᇙࡵ㎸ࡲࢀࡓࠕᯟ⤌ࡳࡢၥ࠸┤ࡋࠖࡋ࡚ᥦ♧ࡍࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࠕ┬ࠖࡢᅾࡾ ᪉ࡣࠕᢏ⾡ⓗྜ⌮ᛶࠖẚࠊࡣࡿ⌮ⓗ࡞ၥ࠸ࡀᡂ❧ࡋᚓࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ ࠕᢏ⾡ⓗ ྜ⌮ᛶࠖࡢほⅬࡽࡣ┠ⓗᑐࡍࡿᡭẁࡢ㐺ษࡉࡀၥ㢟࡞ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ⾜Ⅽࡢၿ ᝏࢆၥ࠺ࡇࡣ㞴ࡋ࠸ࡽࡔࠋࡋࡋࠊᑓ㛛ⓗ࡞ᐇ㊶㡿ᇦࢆᛕ㢌⨨ࡃ┬ⓗᐇ㊶ ㄽࡣၥ㢟ゎỴࡑࡢࡶࡢࢆྰᐃࡍࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊࡴࡋࢁ㧗ᗘ」㞧ࡉࢀࡓ⌧ᐇ 㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬 ᑐࡍࡿ㐺ษ࡞ၥ㢟ゎỴࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉ࢆㄽࡌ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢព࡛ࠊ┬ⓗᐇ㊶ㄽࡣࠕᢏ⾡ ⓗྜ⌮ᛶࠖࢆࡼࡾὙ⦎ࡋࡓᙧ࡛ㄽࡌࡓࡶࡢࡶゝ࠼ࡿࡣࡎࡔࠋḟ❶࡛ࡣࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ ほⅬࡽ┬ⓗᐇ㊶ㄽࡢ␗࡞ࡿഃ㠃ࢆ᫂ࡽࡋࡼ࠺ࠋ 㸲㸬┬ⓗᐇ㊶ࠕࢱࢡࢺࠖ ᮏ❶࡛ࡣࠊ┬ⓗᐇ㊶ࡀ┤㠃ࡍࡿၥ㢟ࢆୖᡭࡃࡸࡾ㐣ࡈࡍ࠸࠺ࠕ⩦⇍ࠖ㝗ࡿ ༴㝤ᛶࢆᏎࡴࡇࢆࠊ࢝ࢼࢲࡢᩍ⫱Ꮫ⪅࣐ࢵࢡࢫ࣭ࣦࣥ㸻࣐࣮ࢿࣥࡀࠊᩍ⫱࠾ ࡅࡿ┬ⓗᐇ㊶ࢆࠊ ࠕࢱࢡࢺ WDFWࠖ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࠕᩍ⫱ⓗࢱࢡࢺ SHGDJRJLFDOWDFWࠖ ࡪᴫᛕ⤖ࡧࡘࡅ࡚ㄽࡌࡿ㆟ㄽࢆཧ↷ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽᣦࡍࡿ㸦9DQ0DQHQ㸧 ࠋ ⌮ㄽࡸᴫᛕࢆ⌧ᐇ㐺⏝ࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊၥ㢟ࢆ⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡃᯟ⤌ࡳࢆ┬ࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵᶵ⬟ ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 㸦Shön, 1983:76-104㸧 12 ୍⯡ⓗᩍ⫱ⓗࢱࢡࢺㄽ࠸࠺ࠊ࣊ࣝࣂࣝࢺࡢᩍ⫱ဴᏛࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࣦࣥ=࣐࣮ ࢿࣥ⮬㌟ࡶ࣊ࣝࣂࣝࢺ౫ᣐࡋ࡚ㄽࡌ࡚ࡶ࠸ࡿࡀࠊ⮬㌟ࡀ࣊ࣝࣂࣝࢺࢆ▱ࡿ௨๓ࡽࠕᩍ⫱ⓗࢱ ࢡࢺࠖ࠸࠺ᴫᛕࢆᥦ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡇࢆ♧၀ࡉࡏࡿグ㏙ࡶ࠶ࡿ㸦Van Manen, 1995:40㸧 ࠋ 8 実践における「反省reflection」概念に関する一考察 11 ࡲࡎࠊࣦࣥ㸻࣐࣮ࢿࣥࡣᩍᖌࡀᮍ⇍࡞ᮇ┤㠃ࡍࡿㄢ㢟ࢆࠊ⮬㌟ࡀᏛ⩦ࡋ㌟ ࡘࡅࡓ⌮ㄽࢆᐇ㊶࡛ᙺ❧ࡓࡏࡿࡇࡢᅔ㞴ࡋ࡚ᤊ࠼ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣࢩ࣮ࣙࣥほ Ⅼࢆඹ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊࡇࡇ࡛ࣦࣥ㸻࣐࣮ࢿࣥࡀᙉࡃព㆑ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣࠊᩍ⫱ᐇ㊶ ࠾࠸࡚ࠊᩍᖌࡣ≧ἣᛂࡌ࡚ࠕ⤯࠼ࡎࡑࡇ࡛⾜Ⅽࡏࡊࡿࢆᚓ࡞࠸ࠖ࠸࠺ࡇࠊ ࠸⇍៖ࢆࡵࡄࡽࡋࡓࡇࢁ࡛ࠕఱࡽࡢ⾜Ⅽ DFWLRQࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ㠀⾜Ⅽ QRQDFWLRQࢆ⮬ࡽⅭࡉ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠖ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦LELG㸧 ࠋᩍ⫱⌧ ሙ࠾ࡅࡿᩍᖌࡣࠊᚲࡎࡋࡶ⇍៖ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙧ࡛ࡌࡗࡃࡾ┬ࡍࡿ㛫ࢆࢀࡿࢃ ࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡲࡓࠊ⇍៖ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㛫ࡶ⏕ᚐᙳ㡪ࢆ࠼ࡿࠋ࠼ࡤࠊᩍቭ❧ࡗ ࡓࡲࡲ⪃࠼ࡇࢇࡔࡋ࡚ࡶࠊ୍ᗘᖍࢆእࡋ࡚ࡽ⪃࠼ࡿ㛫ࢆࡗࡓࡋ࡚ࡶࠊᩍ ᖌࡢࡿ⯙࠸ࡣ⏕ᚐᑐࡍࡿఱࡽࡢ࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪࡋ࡚ᶵ⬟ࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡇ ࠺ࡋࡓ≧ἣ࠾࠸࡚ࠊᩍᖌࡀ⮬㌟ࡢ⾜Ⅽࢆ┬ࡍࡿࡇࡣࡁ࡞ᅔ㞴ࡉࢀࡿࠋ ࣦࣥ㸻࣐࣮ࢿࣥࡣࠊᩍ⫱ⓗᐇ㊶࠾࠸࡚ࠑ⾜Ⅽࡢ୰ࡢᩍᖌࡢ┬ WHDFKHU UHIOHFWLRQLQDFWLRQࠒࠑᩍᖌࡢពᛮỴᐃ WHDFKHUGHFLVLRQPDNLQJࠒࡢ㛫ࠊ ࠶ࡿ✀ࡢศ㞳ࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡿࡇࢆᣦࡍࡿࠋ࠶ࡿᏛᩍဨࡣࠕఱࢆゝ࠺ࡁఱࢆ ࡍࡿࡁࢆࠊヰࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ⾜Ⅽࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ┬ࡋࡼ࠺ヨࡳࡿࠖࡀࠊࡑࢀࡣࠕ㠀ᖖ ࠸ࡽࡔࡓࡋ IUXVWUDWLQJࠖࡃࠊ ࠕࢫ࣒࣮ࢬ࡞ᤵᴗࡢ㞀ᐖ࡞ࡿࠖࡓࡵࠊ ࠕᩍ࠼ࡿࡇ ࡀᨵၿࡉࢀࡿ௦ࢃࡾᝏࡍࡿࠖ࠸࠺ᐇឤࢆࡶࡘࡇࢆᡴࡕ᫂ࡅࡓ㸦9DQ0DQHQ 㸧 ࠋࡲࡓࠊ࠶ࡿᩍᖌࡣࠊᐙ࡛⮬ศࡢᏊࡶ᥋ࡍࡿ㝿ࡣࠕ⾪ືⓗ LPSXOVLYHO\ ⾜Ⅽࡍࡿࡁ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠖࡇࢆ⌮ゎࡋࠊᚋࡍࡿࡇࢆࡋ࡛ࡍ๓ࠕ ⛊ᩘ࠼ FRXQWWRWHQࠖࡓࡾࠊ ࠕఇ᠁ WLPHRXWࠖࢆࡗࡓࡾࡍࡿࡀࠊᩍᐊ࡛ࡣࡑࡢศ࡞ 㛫ࡀ࡞࠸ࡓࡵࠊ ࠕ⾪ືⓗࠊẼࡋࡍࡂ࡞࠸ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ⪃࠼࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡞ LPSXOVLYH FDUHOHVVRUXQWKLQNLQJࠖ᪉ἲ࡛⏕ᚐ᥋ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿㄒࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦LELG㸧 ࠋ ௨ୖࡢࡼ࠺࡞⇍៖ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙧ࡛ࡢ┬ࡢᅔ㞴ࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼ࠊ୍᪉࡛ࡣ⮬ࡽࡢ⾜Ⅽࢆ ࠕᩍ⫱ᚰ⌮Ꮫࡢㅮ⩏࡛ࡣࢺࢵࣉࡢᡂ⦼ࡔࡗࡓࡀࠊ⚾ࡀᡭຓࡅࡋࡼ࠺ࡍࡿࢪ࢙࣮ࣥࡀྲྀࡾ ࡋ࡚ࠕ࠶ࡗࡕ⾜ࡗ࡚㸟ࠖゝ࠺ࠊ࠺ኌࢆࡅࡿࡁࢃࡽ࡞࠸ࡢࡣ࠺ࡋ࡚ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ Why is it that I received top marks in my courses on educational psychology--but when Jane broke down and told me to “get lost” when I tried to help her, I did not know what to say?ࠖ ࠕ㞄ࡢࢡࣛࢫࡢඛ⏕ࡣ⏕ᚐ ࡓࡕど⥺ࢆྥࡅࡿࡔࡅ࡛ὀពࢆᘬࡁࡘࡅࡿࡇࡀฟ᮶ࡿࡢࠊᩍᐊ⟶⌮つᚊ㛵ࡍࡿ࡚ࡢ ▱㆑ࢆࡶࡗ࡚ࡋ࡚ࡶࠊ㢗ࡾ࡞࠸ឤࡌࢆ࠺㞃ࡏࡤ࠸࠸ࢃࡽ࡞࠸ࡢࡣ࠺ࡋ࡚ࡔࢁ࠺ How is it that the teacher next door can command the students' attention just by looking at them--but, with all my knowledge of classroom management and discipline, I do not know how to hide my feelings of uncertainty……㸦Van Manen, 1995:36㸧 ࠋ ࠖ 14 ࢩ࣮ࣙࣥࡢ㆟ㄽ࠾ࡅࡿࠕ⾜Ⅽࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ┬ reflection-on-actionࠖ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ 13 9 12 蓮尾 浩之 ┬ⓗၥ࠸ࡘࡘࠊྠ᪉࡛ࡣఱࡽࡢຠᯝⓗ࡞⾜ⅭࢆⅭࡍࠊ࠸࠺⇍⦎ࡋࡓ ᩍᖌീࡀᥥࡁฟࡉࢀࡿࠋᩍᖌࡢ┬ⓗᐇ㊶ࡣࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࠕ࠶ࡿ✀ࡢ⮬↛ⓗ࡞ศ DNLQGRIQDWXUDOVFKL]RSKUHQLDࠖ࠾࠸࡚ᡂ❧ࡍࡿࡀࠊ୍⯡ⓗ࡞ᩍ⫱⌮ㄽࡣ ࡇࡢᐇ㊶ⓗᅔ㞴ᛂ࠼ࡿࡇࡣฟ᮶࡞࠸ࠋᩍᖌࡣࡇ࠺ࡋࡓศⓗ≧ἣ࠾࠸࡚ࡶ ࠕ┤ほⓗ LQWXLWLYHO\ࠖ⾜Ⅽࡍࡿࡇࡀྍ⬟࡞ࡽ࡞࠸࠸ࡅ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ ࠕࢱ ࢡࢺࠖࡣ┤ほⓗ࡞⾜Ⅽࢆᇶ♏࡙ࡅࡿࠋࡑࢀࡣࠊఱࡽࡢ⌮ㄽⓗ࡞▱㆑࡛ࡶ࡞ࡃࠊ⌮ ㄽᐇ㊶ࢆ፹ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢ࡛ࡶ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࢀ⮬యࡀࠕ⊂⮬ࡢㄆ㆑ㄽⓗᵓ㐀 RZQ HSLVWHPRORJLFDOVWUXFWXUHࠖࢆᣢࡕࠊ࠶ࡿ≉ᐃࡢ✀㢮ࡢ⾜Ⅽࡋ࡚⌧ࢀࡿࠕ୍ࡘࡢ ⬟ືⓗ࡞ពᅗࢆᣢࡗࡓព㆑ DQDFWLYHLQWHQWLRQDOFRQVFLRXVQHVV࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ ࡑࢀࡀ୍⯡ⓗ࡞⌮ㄽ࡛ࡶࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ⌮ㄽࡢᙜ࡚ࡣࡵ࡛ࡶ࡞࠸ࠊ༢࡞ࡿ⾜Ⅽࡋ࡚⌧ ࢀࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ௨ୖࠊᖖ♫ⓗࢥࣥࢸࢡࢫࢺࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࠕࢱࢡࢺࠖࡣࠊᮏ㉁ ⓗࠕಶேⓗ࡞ࢫࢱࣝࡢせᅉ DIDFWRURISHUVRQDOVW\OH࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿྠࠊ ࠕ㛫 ほⓗ࡛ࠊ♫ⓗ࡛ࠊᩥⓗ࡞⌮ᴫᛕ DQLQWHUVXEMHFWLYHVRFLDODQGFXOWXUDO HWKLFDOQRWLRQ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ 㸦LELG㸧 ௨ୖࡢࡼ࠺ࠊࣦࣥ㸻࣐࣮ࢿࣥࡣᐇ㊶࠾ࡅࡿ⇍៖ࡢᅔ㞴ࢆ๓ᥦࡋࠊ⾜Ⅽ ෆᅾࡍࡿ┤ほⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿྠ♫ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࡋ࡚ࠕࢱࢡࢺࠖ࠸࠺ᴫᛕࢆ ᥦ♧ࡍࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊࢩ࣮ࣙࣥࡀࠕࢃࡊࠖ⾲⌧ࡋࡓࡶࡢ㏆ఝࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᑡ࡞ࡃ ࡶࠊᐇ㊶ෆᅾࡍࡿࡶࡢࡋ࡚ࡢࠕࢱࢡࢺࠖࡣࠕᬯ㯲▱ࠖࡢ୍ࡘࡢᅾࡾ᪉࡛࠶ࡿ ゝ࠼ࡿࠋ࣐࣮ࢿࣥ⮬㌟ࡣᩍ⫱ᐇ㊶ࠊ≉ᩍᖌࢆᛕ㢌⨨࠸࡚ㄽࡌ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊᐇ㊶ ࠾ࡅࡿ⇍៖ࡢᅔ㞴࠸࠺ែࡣࡢᐇ㊶㡿ᇦ࠾࠸࡚ࡶከࡃほᐹࡍࡿࡇࡀฟ᮶ ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋᩍᖌࡀ⇍៖ࡢᅔ㞴㝗ࡿ୍ࡘࡢ⌮⏤ࡣࠊࡑࡢ⾜Ⅽࡀ࠸࡞ࡿᙧ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ ࡶ⏕ᚐᑐࡍࡿ࣓ࢵࢭ࣮ࢪࡋ࡚ᶵ⬟ࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡽࡔࡗࡓࠋྠࡌࡇࡣࠊࢥ࣑ࣗ ࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢ┦ᡭࢆᑐ㇟ࡍࡿᐇ㊶⪅࡚ᙜ࡚ࡣࡲࡿࠋ་ᖌࡢỿ㯲ࡣᝈ⪅ࢆ Ᏻࡉࡏࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋᙼࡽࠊᙼዪࡽࡣ⮬ࡽࡢ⾜Ⅽࢆ┬ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࡶࠊ┦ᡭᑐࡋ࡚ఱ ࡋࡽࡢ㐺ษ࡞ാࡁࡅࢆࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡢ᪉ἲࢆ⌮ㄽࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙧ୍࡛⯡ ࡍࡿࡇࡣ㞴ࡋࡃࠊ⤒㦂ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚༙ࡤ↓ព㆑ⓗ㌟ࡘࡅ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ ࠕࢱ ࢡࢺࠖㄽࡣࠊ┬ⓗᐇ㊶࠾ࡅࡿ࠶ࡿ✀ࡢᢏἲ㛵ࡍࡿ⪃ᐹ࡛࠶ࡿゝ࠼ࡿࠋ ࠕ୍ேࡢ⚾ࡣᤵᴗࢆ⤊ࡉࡏࡼ࠺ࡋࠊࡶ࠺୍ேࡢ⚾ࡣᤵᴗࢆṆࡵࡿࡁ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ㛵ᚰࢆ ᡶࢃ࡞࠸࠸ࡅ࡞࠸ࡇࢆ▱ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠋpart of me wanted to complete the lesson and another part of me knew that I should stop and deal with the concern that had arisen㸦Van Manen, 1995:39㸧 ࠋ ࠖ 16 ࠕᩍ⫱ⓗࢱࢡࢺࠖࡢ㆟ㄽࢆᩍᖌࡢᬯ㯲▱ࡋ࡚ᤊ࠼ࡿ㆟ㄽࡶ࠶ࡿ㸦༓ࠎᕸ, 2005㸧 ࠋ 15 10 実践における「反省reflection」概念に関する一考察 13 ࡋࡋࠊ⇍⦎ࡋࡓࠕࢱࢡࢺࠖࡼࡿࡿ⯙࠸ࡣࠊࡑࡇ࡛┤㠃ࡍࡿၥ㢟ࢆୖᡭࡃࡸ ࡾࡍࡈࡍࡓࡵࡢᢏἲ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸᩿ゝ࡛ࡁࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ࠼ࡤࠊࣦࣥ㸻࣐࣮ࢿࣥࡣ ᤵᴗ㞟୰ࡏࡎጉᐖࢆࡍࡿ⏕ᚐᑐࡍࡿࠊ ࠶ࡿᩍᖌࡢᑐᛂࢆᣲࡆ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࠶ࡿࡁࠊ ᤵᴗࡢࢹࢫ࢝ࢵࢩࣙࣥࡢ୰࡛ពぢࢆ㯮ᯈࣜࢫࢺࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ㝿ࠊࡑࡢ⏕ᚐࡀ᫂ࡽ ࠕ㤿㮵ࡍࡿ SRNHIXQࠖࡼ࠺࡞Ⓨゝࢆࡋࡓࡀࠊᩍᖌࡣࠕ࠺ࢇࠊⰋ࠸ពぢࡔࡡ <HV WKDWLVYHU\JRRGࠖゝࡗ࡚ࠊࡑࡢ⏕ᚐࡀゝࡗࡓࡇࢆࡑࡢࡲࡲ㯮ᯈࡢࣜࢫࢺຍ ࠼ࡓࠋࡍࡿࠊ⏕ᚐࡣ㦫ࡁ࡞ࡀࡽࡶᛌ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ᵝᏊࢆぢࡏࠊࡑࡢᚋࡢᤵᴗ㞟୰ ࡋ࡚✚ᴟⓗཧຍࡋࡓ࠸࠺㸦9DQ0DQHQ㸧 ࠋ ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᩍᖌࡢࡿ⯙࠸⇍⦎ࡋࡓࠕࢱࢡࢺࠖࢆㄞࡳྲྀࡿࡇࡣྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋᤵ ᴗࢆጉᐖࡍࡿ⏕ᚐᑐࡋ࡚ࡢࡼ࠺ࡿ⯙࠺ࡁࠊᩍᖌࡣ┬ࢆ㏕ࡽࢀ࡞ࡀࡽ ࡶᖖఱࡋࡽ⾜Ⅽࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ࠾ࡑࡽࡃࠊ⏕ᚐࢆⰋ࠸Ẽศࡉࡏ๓ྥࡁ ᤵᴗྲྀࡾ⤌ࡲࡏࡿ⤖ᯝࢆᑟࡃࡓࡵࠊ⇍⦎ࡋࡓᩍᖌࡣࠊ㤿㮵ࡋࡓࡼ࠺࡞Ⓨゝࡶ 㯮ᯈ᭩ࡁ␃ࡵࡿ࠸࠺⾜Ⅽࢆᐇ㊶ࡢ୰࡛㌟ࡘࡅࡓࡢࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ ࠕࢱࢡࢺࠖࡀ⌮ᴫ ᛕ࡞ࡢࡣࠊࡑࢀࡀᖖࠕ⪅㸦Ꮚࡶ㸧ࡢၿ JRRG ࡢࡓࡵ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡽ ࡔ㸦9DQ0DQHQ㸧 ࠋࡋࡋࠊࡑࢀࡀࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࠕၿࠖࡣࠊヲ⣽ㄽࡌࡽࢀ ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋẼศࢆⰋࡃࡋ࡚ᤵᴗཧຍࡍࡿࡇࢆ⏕ᚐࡢࠕၿࠖᤊ࠼ࡿࡇࡶฟ᮶ ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡔࡀࠊࡑࢀࡣ༢ᩍᖌࡀᤵᴗࢆ㐍ࡵࡿࡓࡵࠊၥ㢟࠶ࡿ⏕ᚐࢆ࠺ࡲ ࡃࡸࡾ㐣ࡈࡋࡓࡔࡅ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠊ࠸࠺ၥࢆ㑊ࡅࡿࡣ㞴ࡋ࠸ࠋ ᒣཱྀᜏኵࡽࡣࠊ ࠕᩍ࠼ࡿࡇࠖࠕᏛࡪࡇࠖࡢ㛫ࡣᚲࡎࡋࡶᅉᯝⓗ࡞⧅ࡀࡾࡀ ᡂ❧ࡋ࡞࠸࠸࠺๓ᥦࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼ࠊ ࠕᩍ⫱ⓗࢱࢡࢺࠖㄽࡀࠕᩍᖌࡢࢥࣥࢺ࣮ࣟࣝࢆ 㞳ࢀ࡚⏕㉳ࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺⪅ࡢኚᐜ㸦㸻Ꮫࡪࡇ㸧࠸࠺㇟ࢆࠊ ࠗᩍ⫱࠘ 㸦㸻ᩍ࠼ࡿ ࡇ㸧࠸࠺㇟ࡽษࡾ㞳ࡍࡇࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ⣧⢋ࠗᩍᖌࡀⅭࡋ࠺ࡿࡇ࠘ ࡢࡳࢆྲྀࡾฟࡋࠊ⌮ㄽࡋ࡚ᐃᘧࡍࡿࡇᡂຌࡋࡓࠖࡇࢆᣦࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ᒣ ཱྀ⨾࣭ᒣཱྀᜏ㸧 ࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊᩍᖌࡀ⮬ࡽࡢ⾜Ⅽࡢࡳ㛵ᚰࢆྥࡅࠊၥ㢟≧ἣࢆ࠺ ࡲࡃࡸࡾ㐣ࡈࡍࡇഴὀࡍࡿ༴㝤ᛶࢆࠕᩍ⫱ⓗࢱࢡࢺࠖㄽࡢ࠺ࡕㄞࡳྲྀࡾࠊ ࠕ ࠗᏛ ࡪ࠘࠸࠺⪅ࡢෆ㠃㛵ࢃࡿ㇟ࢆࠊᩍᖌࡀࠗ⌮ゎ࠘ࡋࡼ࠺ࡍࡿࡇ ࡢ᰿※ⓗ࡞᩿ᛕࠖࢆㄞࡳྲྀࡗࡓᣦ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡶࡕࢁࢇࠊࣦࣥ㸻࣐࣮ࢿࣥࡶࠕࢱ ᒣཱྀࡽࡀゝཬࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣ࣊ࣝࣂࣝࢺ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊᙼࡽࡢ┤᥋ⓗ࡞㛵ᚰࡣ࣊ࣝࣂࣝࢺᩍ⫱ဴᏛ ࡢศᯒ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ┬ⓗᐇ㊶ࡀࠕ⩦⇍ࠖ㝗ࡿ༴㝤ᛶࢆᣦࡍࡿࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 18 ࡇࡇ࡛ࡣࠊᅉᯝ㛵ಀࡢ⧅ࡀࡾࡢ☜ᐇࡉࡀᩍ⫱࠾࠸࡚≉᭷࡞ࡶࡢࡋ࡚ᤊ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ ࢩ࣮ࣙࣥࡢ㆟ㄽࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼ࢀࡤࠊࡇࢀࡣ࠶ࡽࡺࡿᐇ㊶⌧ሙᙜ࡚ࡣࡲࡿࠋ࠼ࡤࠊ་⒪⌧ሙ࠾࠸ 17 11 14 蓮尾 浩之 ࢡࢺࠖࢆ⌮ᴫᛕࡋ࡚ᥥࡃ௨ୖࡣࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࠕ᰿※ⓗ᩿ᛕࠖࢆḼ㏄ࡋ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ ᩍᖌࡣࠊ㛗࠸㛫ࢆࡅ࡚⏕ᚐࡢࠕᏛࡧࠖ࠸࠺ෆⓗ࡞ኚᐜ㛵ࢃࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࡣࡎ࡛ ࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡋࠊࡇࡢࠕ᰿※ⓗ᩿ᛕࠖࡣࠊᖖఱ⾜Ⅽࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸࠸࠺ၥ 㢟ព㆑ࢆඹ᭷ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ┤ほⓗࡿ⯙࠺ࡇࢆྍ⬟ࡍࡿࠕࢱࢡࢺࠖࡢᴫᛕࡣࠊ ୖᡭࡃࡸࡾࡍࡈࡍࡓࡵࡢ⾜Ⅽࡢࠕ⩦⇍ࠖ㝗ࡿ༴㝤㞄ࡾྜࢃࡏ࡛࠶ࡿゝ࠼ࡿࠋ ࡇࡇ࡛ᛕ㢌⨨ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣࠊᐇ㊶⪅ࡀᖖఱࡋࡽࡢ⾜Ⅽࢆせồࡉࢀࡿ࠸ ࠺Ⅼ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊࣦࣥ㸻࣐࣮ࢿࣥࡣ┬ࡢࡶࡘᢈุⓗ࡞ാࡁࡢព⩏㛵 ࡋ࡚ࡣࡸࡸ㊥㞳ࢆ⨨ࡃࠋ ࠕᢈุⓗ࡞┬ FULWLFDOUHIOHFWLRQࠖࡢ┠ⓗࡣࠕ㐍⾜୰ࡢ ⾜Ⅽᑐࡍࡿ࠸ᢈุ GRXEWDQGFULWLTXHࠖࢆ⏕ࡴࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࡋࠊ࠸ࢆᣢࡗ ࡓ ࡲ ࡲ ࡛ ࡣ ࠕ ᛮ ៖ ῝ ࡃ ⮬ ಙ ࢆ ᣢ ࡗ ࡚ ⾜ Ⅽ ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ DFW WKRXJKWIXOO\ DQG VHOIFRQILGHQWO\ࠖࡣ᫂ࡽྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ㏙࡚࠸ࡿ㸦9DQ0DQHQ㸧 ࠋ ࡋࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ┬ࡢᢈุⓗഃ㠃ࢆ㍍どࡍࢀࡤࠕᢏ⾡ⓗྜ⌮ᛶࠖࡢほⅬྠᵝࠊ ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࡑࢀ௨ୖࠕᯟ⤌ࡳࡢ㌿ࠖࡣྍ⬟࡞ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࡢ㛵ᚰࡣࠊ┠ ࡢ๓ࡢၥ㢟ࢆୖᡭࡃࡸࡾࡍࡈࡍࡓࡵࠊ⾜Ⅽࡢࠕ⩦⇍ࠖᇙἐࡍࡿࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࠕࢱࢡ ࢺㄽࠖࡣࠊ⌮ㄽࢆᐇ㊶ᙜ࡚ࡣࡵࡿ࠸࠺ࣔࢹࣝࡢ௦ࢃࡾࠊၥ㢟ࡢゎỴࢆᐇ㊶⪅ ࡢ༟㉺ࡋࡓࠕ⛎⾡ࠖጤࡡ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺༴㝤ࢆᏎࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࠋࣦࣥ㸻࣐࣮ࢿࣥࡀ࣊ࣝࣂ ࠕࢱ ࣝࢺࡢゝⴥࢆࡾ࡚㏙ࡓࡇࡀࠊ⓶⫗ࡶࡇ࠺ࡋࡓែࢆࡢࡵࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࢡࢺࡣ⌮ㄽࡀ✵ᖍ࡞ࡗࡓሙᡤࢆᇙࡵࡿ͆WDFWRFFXSLHVWKHSODFHWKDWWKHRU\ OHDYHVYDFDQW͇㸦9DQ0DQHQ㸧 ࠋ ࠖ ௨ୖࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼ࡿࠊ ࠕࢱࢡࢺࠖࢆ⌮ᴫᛕつᐃࡋࡓࣦࣥ㸻࣐࣮ࢿࣥࡢᛮᝨ ⭡ࠊࡇࡇ࡛ࡢࠕ┬ࠖࡢᅾࡾ᪉ࡣ⌮ⓗ࡞ၥ࠸ࢆྍ⬟ࡍࡿࡼࡾࠊࡴࡋࢁ㐲ࡊ ࡿࡶࡢぢ࠼࡚ࡃࡿࠋᖖఱ⾜Ⅽࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸࠸࠺ษ㏕ࡋࡓ≧ἣࢆ๓ᥦ ࡋࡓࠕࢱࢡࢺࠖࡀ┠ࡢ๓ࡢ≧ἣࢆୖᡭࡃࡸࡾ㐣ࡈࡍࡇࡢࡳഴὀࡍࢀࡤࠊ⾜Ⅽ ࡢၿᝏࡀၥ㢟࡞ࡿࡇࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ⌮ⓗ࡞ၥ࠸ࡀᡂ❧ࡍࡿࡇࡣ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ ࡚ࡣ་⪅ࡀࠕ⒪ࡍࡿࠖࡇࠊᝈ⪅ࡀࠕᅇࡍࡿࠖ࠸࠺ࡇࡢ㛫ࡣ᫂☜࡞ᅉᯝ㛵ಀࡀᮇᚅ ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺ᛮ࠼ࡿࠋࡋࡋࠊࡼࡾ」㞧࡞ሙ㠃ࠊࡑࡶࡑࡶࠕ⒪ࠖࢆ๓ᥦฟ᮶࡞࠸⤊ᮎᮇ་⒪ ࠾ࡅࡿ⦆ࢣࡸࠊᝈ⪅⮬㌟ࡢࢺ࣮ࣞࢽࣥࢢࡀࡁ࡞࢙࢘ࢺࢆ༨ࡵࡿࣜࣁࣅࣜࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ➼ ࠸ࡗࡓ⌧ሙࡣࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᅗᘧࡀ༢⣧㐺ᛂ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡇࡣ᫂ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 12 実践における「反省reflection」概念に関する一考察 15 㸳㸬┬ⓗᐇ㊶ࠕุ᩿ຊࠖ ๓❶࡛ࠊ⚾ࡓࡕࡣ┬ⓗᐇ㊶ㄽࡀ⾜Ⅽࡢࠕ⩦⇍ࠖ࠸࠺⨜㝗ࡾࡡ࡞࠸ࡇࢆࠊ ࣦࣥ㸻࣐࣮ࢿࣥࡢࠕࢱࢡࢺࠖㄽࢆཧ↷ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ☜ㄆࡋࡓࠋࡑࢀࡣࠊ┬ⓗᐇ㊶ㄽ ࡀᣢࡘࡣࡎࡢᯟ⤌ࡳࡢၥ࠸┤ࡋ࠸࠺ዎᶵࢆᦆ࡞࠸ࡡ࡞࠸⨜࡛࠶ࡾࠊ⌮࡞ၥ࠸ ࢆᡂ❧ࡉࡏࡿࡇࢆ㞴ࡋࡃࡍࡿࠋ⚾ࡓࡕࡣࠊ┬ⓗᐇ㊶ㄽ⾜Ⅽࡢၿᝏࢆၥ㢟ࡍ ࡿ⌮ⓗ࡞ၥ࠸ࡢ⧅ࡀࡾࢆぢฟࡍࡇࡀฟ᮶ࡿࡢࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ ᮏ❶࡛ࡣࠊ ࠕࢱࢡࢺㄽࠖ ࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࡇ࡛ぢ࠼࡚ࡁࡓࢪ࣐ࣞࣥࢆࠕุ᩿ຊࠖ࠸࠺ほⅬࡽᤊ࠼ࡼ࠺ࡋࡓ ヨࡳࢆᢅ࠺ࡇ࡛ࠊࡑࡇྍ⬟ᛶࢆ᳨ウࡋ࡚ࡳࡼ࠺ࠋ ᐇ㊶࠾ࡅࡿ┬ࡢᴫᛕࢆࡵࡄࡗ࡚ࠊ ࠕࢱࢡࢺㄽࠖࡢ㆟ㄽࡣᑐ↷ⓗࠊࡑࡢᢈุ ⓗ࡞ၥ࠸┤ࡋࢆ㔜どࡍࡿ❧ሙࡶᏑᅾࡍࡿࠋࢫ࢚ࣛࣝࡢᩍ⫱ဴᏛ⪅࣭࣡ࣥࢢࣝࢮ ࣦࡽࡣࠊ⮬㌟ࡢࠕ࢝࢘ࣥࢱ࣮ᩍ⫱ FRXQWHUHGXFDWLRQࠖ࠸࠺άືࡢࣇ࣮࣒࣮ࣞ࣡ ࢡࢆᐇ㊶ⓗ࡞┬⤖ࡧࡘࡅ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ ࠑ┬ᛶ UHIOHFWLYLW\ࠒ࠸࠺ᴫᛕࢆࠑ┬ UHIOHFWLRQࠒ༊ูࡍࡿࠋᙼࡽࡣ┬ࡋ࡚ࡢࠕ♳ࡾ SUD\HUࠖࢆศᯒࡋࠊࡑࢀࢆṔ ྐⓗ࡞Ⴀࡳࡢ୍㒊⨨࡙ࡅࡽࢀࡿྠࠊ࠶ࡿ✀ࡢࠕⱞᝎ VWUXJJOHࠖࡋ࡚ࡶ ᥥ࠸࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢࠕⱞᝎࠖࡣࠊ ࠕ⮬᫂࡞ࡶࡢ WKH͂VHOIHYLGHQW̓ࠖࡀᵓᡂࡉࢀࡿ Ṕྐⓗ࡞⫼ᬒᑐᢠࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ ࠕ⮬᫂࡞ࡶࡢࠖࡢ㡿ᇦ࠾࠸࡚㐍ࡴࣉࣟࢭࢫ ᑐ❧ࡍࡿྰᐃⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࡋ࡚⌧ࢀࡿࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ♳ࡾぢࡽࢀࡿ┬ࡣ࠶ࡿ✀ࡢࠕ㉸ ㉺ WUDQVFHQGHQFHࠖࠊ ࠕ 㸦ࡁ࡞㸧⪅ WKH2WKHUࠖ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࠕࡲࡔ࡞࠸ࡶࡢࠊࡑࢀ ௨ୖ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡶࡢ WKHQRW\HWRUQHYHUPRUHࠖᑐࡍࡿࠕ㈐௵ UHVSRQVLELOLW\ࠖ ࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿ㸦*XU=H HY0DVVFKHOHLQ%ODNH㸧 ࠋࢢࣝࢮࣦࡽࡗ࡚ࠊ ࠑ┬ UHIOHFWLRQࠒࡣ⌮ⓗ࡞య⤖ࡧࡅࡽࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ ࠕ⮬᫂࡞ࡶࡢࠖ ᑐࡋ࡚ᢈุⓗ࡞ࠕ㉸㉺ࠖࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿࠋ ࡇࢀᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ ࠕ⮬᫂࡞ࡶࡢࠖࡸ᪤Ꮡࡢ㡿ᇦࢆ☜ࡵࠊⓎᒎࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡃ┬ⓗ࡞ά ືࡀࠑ┬ᛶ UHIOHFWLYLW\ࠒ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᙼࡽࡣࠊすὒ࠾ࡅࡿࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮ࡢⓎ㐩 ㈨ᮏ⩏ࡢᅜ㝿ࡀࠊ┬࠸࠺ᴫᛕࢆࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ⊃࠸ࡶࡢࡋ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓࡇࢆᛕ 㢌࠾ࡁࠊࢫ࢚ࣛࣝࡢ⏘ᴗࡀ┠ࡢ๓ࡢせồ࠼ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ᶵ⬟⩏ⓗ࡛ᶵᲔⓗ࡞ ᚿྥࢆࡶࡗࡓᩍ⫱⌮ㄽࢆồࡵࠊࡑࢀࡣᏛ⏕ࡓࡕᢈุⓗ࡞⮬ᚊᛶ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ᪥ᖖⓗ ࡞⤒㦂ሗ࠸ࡿࠕ⮬ᚊࡢഇࡾࡢᙧ VSXULRXVIRUPRIDXWRQRP\ࠖࢆせồࡋࡓࡉࢀ ࡿࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᩍ⫱ࡢ୰࡛ࠊ⮬ᚊࡣࠕᢏ⾡Ⓨ㐩 'HYHORSLQJVNLOOVࠖ ࠕᴗ⦼ಁ㐍 $GYDQFLQJ DFKLHYHPHQWVࠖࠕ༟㉺ ([FHOOHQFHࠖࠕ࣓ࢹࡢὙ⦎ࡉࢀࡓᾘ㈝ 6RSKLVWLFDWHG 13 16 蓮尾 浩之 &RQVXPSWLRQRI0HGLDࠖ࠸ࡗࡓࢫ࣮࡛ࣟ࢞ࣥ⾲⌧ࡉࢀࠊຠᯝⓗ࡞⏕⏘̿ᾘ㈝⪅ ࡞ࡿࡼ࠺ಁࡉࢀࡿ㸦LELG㸧 ࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺ࠊ ࠑ┬ᛶ UHIOHFWLYLW\ࠒࡣ᪤Ꮡࡢ つ⠊ࡸࢩࢫࢸ࣒ᑐࡍࡿ㉸㉺ࡸุ᩿ࢆᚲせࡋ࡞࠸ࠊ࠸࠺Ⅼ࡛ࠑ┬ UHIOHFWLRQࠒ ࡢࡼ࠺࡞⌮ⓗᛶ᱁ࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋᙼࡽࡣࠊ┬ࡢᐇ㊶ⓗ࡞࣏ࢸࣥࢩࣕࣝࢆ⊃ࡵࠊ 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実践における「反省reflection」概念に関する一考察 17 ࡁࡀணࡵ๓ᥦࡉࢀ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋࡋࡋࠊึࡵ࡚ࢳ࢙ࢫ࠸࠺ࢤ࣮࣒ࢆ▱ࡗ ࡓ⪅ࢆീࡋ࡚ࡳࢀࡤࢃࡿࡼ࠺ࠊ༢࣮ࣝࣝ┠ⓗࢆᢕᥱࡋࡓࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ‶㊊࡞ ࣉࣞࡣ㞴ࡋ࠸ࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࡣࠊ ࠕࡓࡔㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓືࡁ VLPSO\DQDOORZHGPRYHࠖ ࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿࡇࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ」㞧࡞≧ἣࡢ୰࡛ࡢὝᐹ LQVLJKWLQWRWKHFRPSOH[ VLWXDWLRQVࠖࡀせồࡉࢀࡿࠋ༢࡞ࡿ࣮ࣝࣝࡢᢕᥱࠊㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓືࡁࡢ⌮ゎࡣࠊᝅᛶ ࡢാࡁᑐᛂࡍࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ」㞧࡞≧ἣࡢ୰࡛≧ἣᛂࡌ࡚ືࡃࡇࡀุ᩿ຊࡢാ ࡁᑐᛂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢⅬ࠾࠸࡚ࠕุ᩿ຊࡀࢤ࣮࣒ാࡁࡅࡿ MXGJPHQWFRPHV LQWRSOD\ࠖࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊุ᩿ຊࡣࠕ┤᥋ⓗ࡞₇⧢ VWUDLJKWIRUZDUGGHGXFWLRQࠖ ࡛ ࡣ ࡞ ࡃ ࠊࠕ ࡋ ࡗ ࡾ ㄪ ᩚ ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ ≧ ἣ ࡢ ゎ 㔘 D GHHS DQG ILQHO\ WXQHG LQWHUSUHWDWLRQRIWKHVLWXDWLRQDWKDQG࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿ㸦3URFHH㸧 ࠋ ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᩚ⌮ࢆ⤒࡚ࠊ ࣉࣟࢩ࣮ࡣᩍ⫱࠾ࡅࡿ┬ࡢㄆ㆑ㄽࢆᥦ♧ࡍࡿࠋ ᝅᛶࡣࠊ ᙧᘧⓗ࡞▱㆑ࡢᏛ⩦㛵㐃ࡅࡽࢀࠊ ࡑࡋ࡚┬ࡢാࡁࡀุ᩿ຊ㛵㐃ࡅࡽࢀࡿࠋ ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ┬ࡣᙧᘧⓗ࡞▱㆑ࡢᏛ⩦ࡣ␗࡞ࡿࡶࡢࢆᚲせࡍࡿࡀࠊᩍ⫱࠾࠸࡚ ࡣࡕࡽࡶ㔜せ࡞ࡶࡢ⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸㸦LELG㸧 ࠋࢳ࢙ࢫ࠾࠸࡚ ࣮ࣝࣝࢆྰᐃฟ᮶࡞࠸ࡇྠࡌࡼ࠺ࠊࣉࣟࢩ࣮ࡣᙧᘧⓗ࡞▱㆑ࡢᏛ⩦Ỵࡋ࡚ ྰᐃⓗ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡲࡓࠊᩍ⫱ࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ࠶ࡽࡺࡿ㡿ᇦ࠾࠸࡚ࠊᐇ㊶⪅ࡣࡇࡢ㸰 ࡘࡢ⬟ຊࢆࠕࡰ⮬ືⓗ࡞᪉࡛ DQDOPRVWDXWRPDWLFZD\ࠖ⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡉࢀ ࡿ㸦LELG㸧 ࠋ ࠕᝅᛶࠖࢆⓎࡍࡿᏑᅾࡋ࡚ࡢᐇ㊶⪅ࡣᑓ㛛ⓗ࡞▱㆑ࢆࡶࡗࡓ ᐇ㊶⪅࡛࠶ࡾࠊ ࠕุ᩿ຊࠖࢆⓎࡍࡿᏑᅾࡋ࡚ࡢᐇ㊶⪅ࡣ」㞧࡞≧ἣ㛵ࢃࡾ࡞ࡀ ࡽࡑࢀࢆ㐺⏝ࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡃࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࡣࠊ⌮ㄽࡢ⤒㦂ࡢ㐺⏝࠸࠺Ⅼ࠾࠸࡚ࠊࢩࣙ ࣮ࣥࡀᢈุࡋࡓᢏ⾡ⓗྜ⌮ᛶࡢ㏆ఝࢆㄞࡳྲྀࡿࡇࡶฟ᮶ࡑ࠺ࡔࡀࠊࡇࡇ࡛ࡢ ┬ࡣࠕࣞࢩࣆࢆ࡞ࡒࡿࡼ࠺࡞ IROORZLQJDUHFLSHุ᩿ࠖຊࡢാࡁࢆពࡍࡿࢃࡅ࡛ ࡶ࡞ࡅࢀࡤࠊ ࠕ↓ᢈุⓗ XQFULWLFDO࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡶ࡞࠸㸦LELG㸧 ࠋ ࠕุ᩿ຊࠖ ࡼࡿ┬ࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫࡣࠊ ࠕᡂຌⓗ࡞ࣇ࢙࣮ࢬࡢ༢⣧࡞ࣛࣥ VLPSOHOLQHDUPRGHO RIVXFFHVVLYHSKDVHVࠖἢ࠺ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ ࠕࡼࡾධࡾ⤌ࢇࡔᴫᛕ PRUHLQWULFDWH FRQFHSW࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ ௨ୖࡢࡼ࠺ࠊࣉࣟࢩ࣮ࡣ࢝ࣥࢺࢆ⏝ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽᩍ⫱࠾ࡅࡿ┬ࡢᴫᛕࢆࠕุ ᩿ຊࠖ࠸࠺ാࡁồࡵࡿࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࠕุ᩿ຊࠖࡣࠊ⮬ࡽࡢ⾜Ⅽࢆၥ࠸࡞࠾ࡍඹࠊ ලయⓗ࡞⾜ⅭࢆᑟࡁฟࡍႠࡳࡋ࡚ᥥࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ☜ࠊ⚾ࡓࡕࡀࡇࢀࡲ࡛⪃ᐹ ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓၥ㢟ࢆࠊ࢝ࣥࢺဴᏛ࠾ࡅࡿࠕุ᩿ຊࠖࡢၥ㢟ࡋ࡚⪃ᐹࡍࡿࡇࡣฟ᮶ ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡋࡋࠊࡑࢀࡣ༢ࠕࢃࡊࠖࡸࠕࢱࢡࢺࠖ࠸ࡗࡓࡶࡢࢆ࢝ࣥࢺဴᏛࡢ 15 18 蓮尾 浩之 ᩥ⬦࡛ゝ࠸࠼ࡓࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡢࠋࣉࣟࢩ࣮ࡢ㆟ㄽࢆࡼࡾព⩏῝࠸ࡶࡢࡍࡿࡓ ࡵࡣࠊ⚾ࡓࡕࡀࡇࢀࡲ࡛⪃ᐹࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࡶࡢࡣ␗࡞ࡗࡓ᪂ࡓ࡞ほⅬࢆࠊ࢝ࣥࢺࡢ ࠕุ᩿ຊࠖぢฟࡍᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࡣࡎࡔࠋ 㸴㸬┬ⓗᐇ㊶࢝ࣥࢺࡢࠕᐇ㊶ⓗุ᩿ຊࠖ ๓❶࡛ࠊ⚾ࡓࡕࡣࣉࣟࢩ࣮ࡀ࢝ࣥࢺࡢࠕุ᩿ຊࠖ╔┠ࡋࡓࡇࢆྲྀࡾୖࡆࡓࠋ ᮏ❶࡛ࡣࠊࡑࡢ㆟ㄽࢆࡉࡽࡶ࠺୍Ṍ㐍ࡵࡿࡇࢆヨࡳࡓ࠸ࠋࡑࢀࡼࡗ࡚ࠊᐇ㊶ ࠾ࡅࡿࠕ┬ࠖᴫᛕࢆࠊ᪂ࡓ࡞ほⅬࡽᤊ࠼ࡿࡇࡀྍ⬟࡞ࡾࠊ⌮ⓗ࡞ၥ࠸ ࡢ⧅ࡀࡾࢆぢฟࡍࡇࡀฟ᮶ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ ࡲࡎࠊ࢝ࣥࢺࡀᐇ㊶ⓗ࡞ே㛫Ꮡᅾࢆࡢࡼ࠺ᤊ࠼࡚࠸ࡓࡢࢆᢚ࠼࡚࠾ࡇ࠺ࠋ ෑ㢌࡛ࠊ࢝ࣥࢺࡀࣥࢳࣀ࣑࣮ࡢ㆟ㄽ࠾࠸࡚⮬⏤ࡢ㡿ᇦࢆ☜ಖࡍࡿࡇࢁࡽᐇ ㊶ဴᏛࢆጞࡵࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࢆ᪤☜ㄆࡋ࡚࠾࠸ࡓࠋ࢝ࣥࢺࡣࠗᐇ㊶⌮ᛶᢈุ࡛࠘ࠊ ࡉࡽ࡞ࡿ୍Ṍࢆ㋃ࡳฟࡍࠋ ࡑࢀࡣࠊ ࠕ⮬⏤ࡣ☜㐨ᚨἲ๎ࡢᏑᅾ᰿ᣐ UDWLRHVVHQGL ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊ ࡋࡋࡲࡓ㐨ᚨἲ๎ࡣ⮬⏤ࡢㄆ㆑᰿ᣐUDWLRFRJQRVFHQGL ࡛࠶ࡿࠖ 㸦.S㸧 ࠸࠺㔜せ࡞㢟ࡼࡗ࡚⾲⌧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ௨ୗ࡛ࡑࡢᴫ␎ࢆ☜ㄆࡋࡼ࠺ࠋ ࢝ࣥࢺࡣࠗேࡢᙧ⪋ୖᏛࡢᇶ♏࡙ࡅ࡛࠘ࠊ⮬⏤ࡢᴫᛕࡀே㛫ࡢពᚿࡢ⮬ᚊࡋ ࡚ᤊ࠼ࡽࢀࠊ⮬ᚊࡋࡓពᚿࡢാࡁࡼࡗ࡚㐨ᚨᛶࡸၿࡀᡂ❧ࡍࡿ⪃࠼ࡿࠋ࢝ࣥࢺ ࡗ ࡚ 㐨 ᚨ ⓗ ࡞ ⩏ ົ ࡣ ࠊࠕ ࡶ ࡋ ͐ ࡞ ࡽ ࡤ 㹼 ࡏ ࡼ ࠖ ࠸ ࠺ ࠑ ௬ ゝ ἲ K\SRWKHWLVFKHU ,PSHUDWLY ࠒ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ➃ⓗࠕ㹼ࡏࡼࠖ࠸࠺ࠑᐃゝἲ NDWHJRULVFKHU,PSHUDWLYࠒつᐃࡉࢀࡿࠋ 㸦*㸧ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊၿ࡞ࡿ⾜ⅭࢆⅭࡑ࠺ ࡍࡿ࡞ࡽࡤࠊ㐨ᚨἲ๎ᚑ࠸ࠊ ࠕ㹼ࡏࡼࠖ࠸࠺ᐃゝⓗ࡞⩏ົࢆᯝࡓࡉ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋࡇࡢࠊ⚾㐩ࡢពᚿࡣࡑࢀ⮬య࡛⣧⢋⾜Ⅽࢆ㑅ᢥࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡓ ࡵࠊ⮬ࡽࡢ⌮ᛶࡢാࡁࡔࡅ࡛⾜Ⅽࢆ㑅ᢥࡍࡿ⣧⢋࡞ពᚿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ࢝ࣥࢺࡣࠊ ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ⮬ᚊࡋࡓពᚿ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣពᚿࡢ⮬⏤࡞ࡃࡋ࡚ࡣᐃゝⓗ࡞⩏ົᚑ࠺ࡇࡣฟ ᮶ࡎࠊၿ࡞ࡿ⾜Ⅽࡣᡂ❧ࡋ࡞࠸⪃࠼ࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ௨ୖࡣࠕ⮬⏤ࡣ㐨ᚨἲ๎ࡢᏑᅾ ᰿ᣐࠖ㏙ࡿ࢝ࣥࢺࡢᛮࡔࡀࠊ࢝ࣥࢺ⮬㌟ࡀࠕࡢࡼ࠺ࡋ࡚ࡇࡢ㸦⮬⏤࠸ ࠺㸧๓ᥦࡑࢀ⮬㌟ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠊ࠸࠺ࡇࡣࠊே㛫⌮ᛶࡼࡗ࡚ࡣỴࡋ࡚Ὕᐹ ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠖ 㸦*㸧㏙ࡿࡼ࠺ࠊ⮬ᚊࡋࡓ⣧⢋ពᚿࢆࡶࡗࡓே㛫ࡢᅾࡾ᪉ࡣ༢ ࡞ࡿ௬ㄝⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࡍࡂ࡞࠸ࠋ ࡋࡋࠊ࢝ࣥࢺࡣࠗᐇ㊶⌮ᛶᢈุ࡛࠘ࠊࡇࡢၥ㢟ࢆࡾ㉺࠼ࡿ୍Ṍࢆ㋃ࡳฟࡍࠋ 16 実践における「反省reflection」概念に関する一考察 19 ࡑࢀࡣࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛ពᚿࡢ⮬ᚊᇶ࡙࠸࡚ྍ⬟ࡔࡗࡓࡣࡎࡢၿࡢཎ⌮࡛࠶ࡿ㐨ᚨἲ๎ ࢆࠊ ࠕ⣧⢋⌮ᛶࡢᐇ )DNWXPGHUUHLQHQ9HUQXQIWࠖ ࠕᚲᙜ↛ⓗ DSRGLNWLVFK ☜ᐇ ࡞ᐇࠖࡋࡓࡇ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦.S㸧 ࠋࡇࢀࡲ࡛࢝ࣥࢺࡣ⮬⏤ࢆ༢ᐃࡋࡓࡔࡅ࡛ ࠶ࡗࡓࡀࠊࡸ⮬⏤ࡀࠕᐈほⓗ࡞ᐇᅾᛶ REMHNWLYH5HDOLW¦W ࢆ⋓ᚓࡍࡿ㸦LELG㸧 ࠖ ࠋ ࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽࠊ⩏ົᇶ࡙࠸࡚⾜Ⅽࡍࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࡣᐃゝἲᚑࡗ࡚⩏ົࢆⅭࡍ࠸ ࠺ࡇ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡢࠕ⌮ᛶࡢᐇࠖࢆㄆࡵࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࢀࡤࠊពᚿࡢ⮬ᚊࡶࡲࡓㄆࡵࡿ ࡇ࡞ࡿࡽࡔࠋ௨ୖࡀࠕ㐨ᚨἲ๎ࡣ⮬⏤ࡢㄆ㆑᰿ᣐ࡛࠶ࡿࠖ㏙ࡿ࢝ࣥࢺࡢ ᛮ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ⪃࠼ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ࢝ࣥࢺࡣே㛫ࢆ⮬⏤⾜ⅭࡍࡿᏑᅾࡋ࡚ㄆ ࡵࡿࠋゝ࠺࡞ࢀࡤࠊ⮬ࡽࡢ⮬⏤ࢆㄆ㆑ࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡎࡶࠊ⮬⏤࡞Ꮡᅾࡋ࡚᪤ ⮬ࡽ⾜Ⅽࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠊ࠸࠺ࡢࡀ࢝ࣥࢺࡢᐇ㊶ⓗ࡞ே㛫ほ࡞ࡢࡔࠋ ࡉ࡚ࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ࢝ࣥࢺࡢᐇ㊶ⓗ࡞ே㛫ほࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼ࡓ࠺࠼࡛ࠕุ᩿ຊࠖࡢၥ㢟ᡠ ࢁ࠺ࠋ᪤㏙ࡓࡼ࠺ࠊ ࠕุ᩿ຊࠖࡣつ๎ࡸཎ⌮ࢆලయⓗ࡞≧ἣࠕ㐺⏝ࠖࡍࡿ࠶ ࡾ᪉ࢆၥ㢟ࡋࡓࠋࡋࡋࠊ㐨ᚨⓗ࡞ᐇᡓⓗุ᩿࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ࠶ࡿࠕ≉Ṧ࡞ᅔ㞴 EHVRQGHUHQ6FKZLHULJNHLWHQࠖ㝗ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦.S㸧 ࠋ࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽࠊ㐨ᚨ ἲ๎ࡣࠊ⮬⏤ࡢἲ๎ࡋ୍࡚ษࡢ⤒㦂ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ㛵ࢃࡾ࡞ࡃពᚿࢆつᐃࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊ ලయⓗ࡞᮲௳ࡸไ㝈ࢆㄢࡉࢀࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡽࡔࠋᐇ㊶࠾࠸࡚ࠊලయⓗ࡞᮲௳ ࡸไ㝈ࡢୗ࠶ࡿࡢࡣ㐨ᚨἲ๎࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ ࠶ࡃࡲ࡛⚾㐩⮬㌟ࡢពᚿ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ ᐇ㊶ⓗุ᩿㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣつ๎㸦㐨ᚨἲ๎㸧ࢆ࠸⌧ᐇ㐺⏝ࡍࡿࡢࠊ࠸࠺ࡇ ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ⾜Ⅽࢆᑟࡁฟࡍពᚿࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉ࡑࡢࡶࡢࡀၥ㢟࡞ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡇࡢ㐨ᚨⓗ࡞ุ᩿ࡢ㆟ㄽࡣࠊࣉࣟࢩ࣮ࡀᥥࡋࡓุ᩿ࡢ㆟ㄽ࠺␗࡞ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ ࠋࢳ࢙ࢫࡢ࠼ᡠࢁ࠺ࠋ⚾㐩ࡣࠊㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓືࡁࠊࡘࡲࡾࢤ࣮࣒ࡢཎ⌮ࡢ⌮ゎ ࢆᝅᛶࡢാࡁࠊ」㞧࡞≧ἣᛂࡌ࡚ືࡃࡇࢆุ᩿ຊࡢാࡁᑐᛂࡉࡏࡓࠋࡑࡇ ࡛ࡣࠊ࠶ࡃࡲ࡛ࢳ࢙ࢫࡢ࣮ࣝࣝࠊࡘࡲࡾᝅᛶࡢാࡁࡀ๓ᥦ࡞ࡗุ࡚᩿ຊࡣᶵ⬟ࡍ ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡓࠋ ࡋࡋࠊ 㐨ᚨἲ๎ࡣලయⓗ࡞⤒㦂⦡ࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ἲ๎࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ ࠸ࢃࡤࠊࢳ࢙ࢫࡢࢤ࣮࣒࠾ࡅࡿ࣮ࣝࣝࡢࡼ࠺࡞ཎ⌮ࢆ᫂♧ࡋ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡼࡗ ࡚ࠊ⚾㐩ࡣ࢝ࣥࢺࡀㄽࡌࡓࡼ࠺࡞ᐇ㊶ⓗุ᩿࠾࠸࡚ࠊつ๎ලయⓗ࡞≧ἣࡢ㐺 ྜࢆ⪃࠼ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ ࡴࡋࢁཎ⌮ࡑࡢࡶࡢࢆ⮬ࡽၥࢃ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ ࡑࢀࡣࠊ ࡶࡍࢀࡤࢳ࢙ࢫࡢ࣮ࣝࣝ⮬యࢆኚ࠼࡚ࡋࡲ࠸ࡡ࡞࠸Ⴀࡳ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡶࡋࠊࢳ࢙ࢫ ࡢ࣮ࣝࣝࡀኚࢃࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠼ࡤࠊࡑࢀࡣཝᐦࡣࢳ࢙ࢫ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࢤ࣮࣒࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ ࠺ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋゝ࠸࠼ࡿࠊࡇࡢሙྜࡢᐇ㊶ⓗุ᩿ࡣࠕ⚾ࡣࢳ࢙ࢫࢆࡍࡿࡢ࠺ࠖ ࠸࠺᰿ᮏⓗ࡞ࡇࢁࢆၥ࠸࡞࠾ࡍࠋࡑࢀࡣࠊ┬ⓗᐇ㊶ㄽ࠾ࡅࡿࠕᯟ⤌ࡳࡢၥ 17 20 蓮尾 浩之 ࠸┤ࡋࠖࡢࡼࡾ✺ࡁワࡵࡽࢀࡓᙧ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ ࠕཎ⌮ࡑࡢࡶࡢࡢၥ࠸┤ࡋࠖゝ࠼ࡼ࠺ࠋ 㸵㸬࠾ࢃࡾ ࢃࡓࡋࡓࡕࡣࠊࢩ࣮ࣙࣥࡢ┬ⓗᐇ㊶ㄽࡽ࣐࣮ࢿࣥࡢࠕࢱࢡࢺࠖ㛵ࡍࡿ㆟ㄽ ࢆ⤒࡚ࠊ┬ⓗᐇ㊶࠾ࡅࡿ㆟ㄽࡢ↔Ⅼࢆᐃࡵࡓࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࡣࠊ┬ࡢᢈุⓗ࡞ᶵ⬟ ࢆၥ㢟ࡍࡿࠊࡑࡇ࡛⾜Ⅽࡀ࠸Ⅽࡉࢀࡿࡢࢆၥ㢟ࡍࡿࠊ࠸࠺ࢪࣞࣥ ࣐ࡀ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁࡓࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓศⓗ≧ἣࢆᩚ⌮ࡍࡿヨࡳࡢ୍ࡘࡋ࡚ࠊ࢝ࣥࢺࡢࠕุ ᩿ຊࠖࢆ┬⤖ࡧࡘࡅࡿࣉࣟࢩ࣮ࡢ㆟ㄽࢆ☜ㄆࡋࡓࠋࡉࡽࠊ⚾ࡓࡕࡣࣉࣟࢩ࣮ ࡢ㆟ㄽࢆ୍Ṍ㐍ࡵ࡚࢝ࣥࢺࡢ㐨ᚨⓗ࡞ุ᩿࠾ࡅࡿ㆟ㄽࢆཧ↷ࡋࡓࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࡣࠊ᪤ Ꮡࡢཎ⌮ࢆ๓ᥦฟ᮶࡞࠸ࠊ ࠕཎ⌮ࡑࡢࡶࡢࡢၥ࠸┤ࡋࠖࢆぢฟࡍࡇ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ ┬ⓗᐇ㊶ㄽࡀ⌮ⓗ࡞ၥ࠸⤖ࡧࡘࡃྍ⬟ᛶࡣࠕཎ⌮ࡑࡢࡶࡢࡢၥ࠸┤ࡋࠖ ࠸࠺ほⅬ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࢩ࣮ࣙࣥࡢ㆟ㄽࡣᇶᮏⓗᑓ㛛ⓗ࡞ᐇ㊶㡿ᇦ࡛ࡢၥ 㢟ゎỴࢆᛕ㢌⨨࠸࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡑࡇ࡛ࡣࠕᯟ⤌ࡳࡢၥ࠸┤ࡋࠖ࠸࠺┬ⓗ࡞Ⴀࡳࡶࠊ 」㞧࡞⌧ᐇᑐࡋ࡚ఱ⾜Ⅽࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸࠸࠺ࡇࢆ㔜どࡍࡿ࠶ࡲࡾࠊ┠ ⓗࡸ┠ࡢ๓ࡢ≧ἣ࠶ࢃࡏࡓ⾜Ⅽࡢ㐺ษࡉࡢࡳࡀ㛵ᚰ࡞ࡾࡡ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡢࠊ⾜ Ⅽࡢၿᝏ㛵ࡍࡿ⌮ⓗ࡞ၥ࠸ࡀᡂ❧ࡍࡿࡇࡣ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ୍᪉࡛ࠊ ࠕཎ⌮ࡑࡢࡶ ࡢࡢၥ࠸┤ࡋࠖࡣᐇ㊶ࡑࡢࡶࡢࢆ᰿ᗏࡽそࡋࡡ࡞࠸ࠋ࣐࣮ࢿࣥࡀᠱᛕࡋࡓࡼ࠺ ࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ㢮ࡢ┬ࡣᐇ㊶ࢆጉࡆࡿせᅉࡉ࠼࡞ࡾᚓࡿࠋᩍᖌࢆᣲࡆࡿ࡞ࡽ ࡤࠊ ࠕ⚾ࡣᩍ࠼ࡿࡁྰࠖ ࠕᩍ⫱ࡍࡿࡁྰࠖ࠸࠺ၥ࠸ࡍࡽ࡞ࡾᚓࡿࡶ ࡢࡔࠋࡋࡋࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓၥ࠸ࡇࡑࠊ⮬ࡽࡢၿࡁ⏕ࡢᅾࡾ᪉ࢆồࡵࠊ⾜Ⅽࡢၿᝏࢆᛮ ⪃ࡍࡿ⌮ⓗ࡞ၥ࠸࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ┬ⓗᐇ㊶࠾ࡅࡿࠕ┬ࠖࡢᅾࡾ᪉ࡣࠊ ᚲࡎࡋࡶࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ⌮ⓗ࡞ၥ࠸ㄪࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡴࡋࢁࠊᐇ㊶⪅ࡗ࡚ ࡣࠊ ࠕཎ⌮ࡑࡢࡶࡢࡢၥ࠸┤ࡋࠖࡣᐇ㊶ࡑࡢࡶࡢࢆ᰿ᗏࡽそࡋࡡ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࢀ࡛ࡶࠊ ࠕఱࢆⅭࡍࡁࠖ ࠕ࠸ࡿ⯙࠺ࡁࠖ࠸࠺┬ⓗ࡞ၥ࠸ࡀࠕཎ⌮ࡑࡢࡶࡢ ࡢၥ࠸┤ࡋࠖ࠸ࡓࡿࡇ࡛ࠊ⚾ࡓࡕࡣࠕ࠸⏕ࡁࡿࡁࠖ࠸࠺᰿ᮏⓗ࡞ၥ ࠸┤㠃ࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓၥ࠸ࢆ㝖ࡍࡿࡢ࡞ࡽࠊ⚾ࡓࡕࡣᐇ㊶ࡢ୰࡛ ⮬ࡽࡢၿࡁ⏕ࡸ⾜Ⅽࡢၿᝏࢆၥ࠸࡞࠾ࡍࡇࡀฟ᮶࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋᑓ㛛ⓗ࡞ᐇ㊶ ⪅ࡣࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ၥ࠸ࢆᚲࡎࡋࡶᚲせࡋ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࡀࠊே㛫ࡣ༢ᑓ㛛ⓗ࡞ᐇ㊶⪅ ࡋ࡚ࡢࡳ⏕ࡁࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋᩍᖌࡀࠕ⚾ࡣᩍ࠼ࡿࡁྰࠖ࠸࠺ၥ࠸┤ 㠃ࡍࡿࡁࠊࡑࡢᩍᖌࡣᩍᖌࡋ࡚⏕ࡁࡿ⮬ᕫࢆၥ࠸࡞࠾ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢ 18 実践における「反省reflection」概念に関する一考察 21 ၥ࠸ࡣࠊᩍᖌ࠸࠺Ꮡᅾࡗ࡚ࡣᚲࡎࡋࡶ᭷⏝࡞ၥ࠸࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࡀࠊ ⚾ࡓࡕࡢၿࡁ⏕ࡢᅾࡾ᪉ࢆၥ࠺㇏࡞ၥ࠸㛤ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ 㸨࢝ࣥࢺࡢⴭస㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ௨ୗࡢ␎ྕࢆ⏝ࡋࡓࠋᮏᩥ୰ࡣ័ᚑࡗ࡚ࠊ࢝ ࢹ࣑࣮∧ࡢ㡫ᩘࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ⩻ヂࡣᒾἼ∧ࡢ㞟ࢆཧ↷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ Kant, Immanuel. 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If you want to get ahead, get a theory. Cognition, 3(3), 195-212 Kinsella, Elizabeth Anne (2007a). Technical rationality in Schon’s reflective practice: dichotomous or non-dualistic epistemological position. Nursing Philosophy, 8(2), pp.102-113 Kinsella, Elizabeth Anne (2007b). Embodied Reflection and the Epistemology of Reflective 19 22 蓮尾 浩之 Practice. Journal of Philosophy of Education, 41(3), pp.395-409 Procee, Hank (2006). Reflection in Education: A Kantian Epistemology. Educational Theory, 56(3), pp.237-253 Polanyi, Michel (1967). The Tacit Dimension. Routledge & Kegan Paul PLC㸦㸻ࠗᬯ㯲▱ࡢ ḟඖ (ࡕࡃࡲᏛⱁᩥᗜ)࠘㧗ᶫຬኵヂࠊ⟃ᦶ᭩ᡣࠊ2003㸧 Shön, Donald A. (1983). The Reflective Practitioner: How Professionals Think in Action. Basic Books Van Manen, Max (1995). On the epistemology of reflective practice. Teachers and Teaching: theory and practice, 1(1), pp.33-50 㑥ᩥ 㐲⸨ῄ⨾ (2012)ࠕࢼࣛࢸࣈ┬ᐹⓗᐇ㊶᪂ே┳ㆤᖌᩍ⫱ࡢ㐺⏝ࡢពࠖ ࠗ᪥ ᮏࣉ࣐࣭ࣛࣜࢣ㐃ྜᏛㄅ࠘35(3), pp.360-362 ▼ឡ (2013) ࠕࣉ࣐ࣛࣜ⦆ࢣ࠾ࡅࡿ┬ᐹⓗᐇ㊶ࠖ ࠗ᪥ᮏࣉ࣐࣭ࣛࣜࢣ 㐃ྜᏛㄅ࠘36(3), pp.246-248 ཌᮾⰾᶞ࣭ᱵ㔝ᆂྐ࣭ᯘಟ࣭㧗ᮧ㈼୍࣭ୖཎ⚞ᘯ (2005) ࠕᑠᏛᰯయ⫱ᤵᴗᑐࡍ ࡿᩍᖌࡢ┬ⓗᛮ⪃㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲㧗Ꮫᖺᢸ௵ᩍᖌࡢᏛ⩦ᡂᯝ (ែᗘᚓⅬ) ࡢ┦㐪 ╔┠ࡋ࡚ࠖ ࠗࢫ࣏࣮ࢶᩍ⫱Ꮫ◊✲࠘25(2), pp.87-99 బ⸨Ꮫ (1998)ࠗᩍᖌ࠸࠺࣏ࣜ࠘ୡ㆑᭩ᡣ 㧗ᮧ㈼୍࣭ཌᮾⰾᶞ࣭ᱵ㔝ᆂྐ࣭ᯘಟ࣭ୖཎ⚞ᘯ (2006) ࠕᩍᖌࡢ┬ⓗどⅬࡢ ධࡀᤵᴗᐇ㊶ཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪㛵ࡍࡿ᳨ウ୍ᑠᏛᰯయ⫱ᤵᴗࢆᑐ㇟ࡋ୍࡚ࠖ ࠗయ⫱⛉ᩍ⫱Ꮫ◊✲࠘22(2), pp.23-43 ➉ῡ┿⏤ (2009) ࠕᐇ㊶ࡢ┬ᐹ㛵ࡍࡿ୍⪃ᐹ : ♫ᩍ⫱࣭⏕ᾭᏛ⩦ᐇ㊶◊✲᪉ἲ ㄽࡢ☜❧ྥࡅ࡚ࠖ ࠗே㛫ᩥᡂ⛉Ꮫㄽྀ࠘12, pp.267-275 ༓ࠎᕸᩄᘺ (2005) ࠕᩍᖌࡢᬯ㯲▱ࡢ⋓ᚓᡓ␎㛵ࡍࡿ⪃ᐹ⡿ᅜ࠾ࡅࡿඃ⚽ᩍ ဨㄆᐃไᗘὀ┠ࡋ࡚ࠖ ࠗᅜ❧ᩍ⫱ᨻ⟇◊✲ᡤ⣖せ࠘134, pp.111-126 ୰ᮧ⌶ᘺ (2012) ࠕᣦᑟ་ࡋ࡚ࡢ┬ᐹⓗᐇ㊶ࠖ ࠗ᪥ᮏࣉ࣐࣭ࣛࣜࢣ㐃ྜᏛ ㄅ࠘35(3), pp.249-251 ᮏᮧஂ (2012)ࠕ㞳ᓥデ⒪࠾ࡅࡿ┬ᐹⓗᐇ㊶≧ἣⓗᏛ⩦ࠖ ࠗ᪥ᮏࣉ࣐࣭ࣛࣜ ࢣ㐃ྜᏛㄅ࠘35(2), pp.165-167 ᒣཱྀᜏኵ࣭ᒣཱྀ⨾ (2004) ࠕ ࠕయ㦂ࠖࠕ┬ᐹࠖࡢ⤫ྜࢆ┠ᣦࡍࠕ⮫ᗋ⤒㦂ࠖ : ࠕࣉ 20 実践における「反省reflection」概念に関する一考察 23 ࣟࢭࢫࣞࢥ࣮ࢻࠖࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࠕ⮫ᗋ⤒㦂ࠖࡢ◊✲ࡢᇶᮏⓗどⅬࠖ ࠗಙᕞᏛᩍ⫱Ꮫ㒊⣖ せ࠘112, pp.121-131 ᒣཱྀ⨾࣭ᒣཱྀᜏኵ (2005) ࠕᩍᖌࡢᑓ㛛ᛶ⮬ᕫ┬ᐹ⬟ຊ : ࠕ⩦⇍ࠖࣔࢹࣝᩍ ⫱࠾ࡅࡿ⌮ㄽ㸭ᐇ㊶ほࡢᢈุⓗ⪃ᐹࠖ ࠗಙᕞᏛᩍ⫱Ꮫ㒊⣖せ࠘115, pp.131-142 ᒣཱྀ⨾࣭㉺ᬛᗣモ࣭ᒣཱྀᜏኵ (2007) ࠕᩍᖌᩍ⫱࠾ࡅࡿࣜࣇࣞࢡࢩࣙࣥ᪉ἲࡢ ᳨ウ : ࠕࣉࣟࢭࢫࣞࢥ࣮ࢻࠖࡼࡿࡢࡾ㏉ࡾࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࠖ ࠗಙᕞᏛᩍ⫱Ꮫ㒊 ⣖せ࠘119, pp.79-90 21 24 蓮尾 浩之 A study on the concept of reflection in practice - From "Inquiry of the frame" to "Inquiry of the principle" Hiroyuki HASUO In this paper, I compare the concept of reflection in Shon's theory and Kant's moral philosophy. Kant thought that human beings have the practical capacity for freedom, and thereby can ask reflective questions such as "What should I do?" and "How should I act?" that is, moral questions. Donald A. Shon is known for the theory of "reflective practice" or the "reflective practitioner". His theory has been applied extensively in practical professional fields. Nevertheless, the concept of reflection in his theory is not clear enough. Therefore, I discuss a central mechanism in reflective practice, and point out problems with the theory. It is difficult to generalize the concept of reflection in Shon's theory because he considers only concrete professional practices. Therefore, I focus on an experiment that Shon performed. In this experiment, I locate a central mechanism of reflection developed prior to Shon's arguments concerning concrete professional practices. I call the mechanism "Inquiry of the frame". I point out the problem that reflective practice has the risk of becoming merely a method for handling problems smoothly. Examining the argument on "tact" in Van Manen, I point out this risk and identify a major problem in reflective practice. In regard to Procee, I consider the problem of reflection as the problem of judgment in Kant's theory. Finally, I examine the argument of practice judgment in Kant to expand the argument of Procee. In this argument, Kant offers an inimitable mechanism in moral judgment. I call the mechanism "Inquiry of the principle". 22
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