マッチョの「英文読解」の嵐！ご芳名：

マッチョの「英文読解」の嵐！
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(A) 次の英文を読んで、各設問に答えなさい。 [東京改] (＊Nickは筆者の息子である)
① (1)For all we try to show our kids and tell them how we believe people should act,
how we hope they will act, it still comes as a shock and a pleasure — a relief, frankly —
when they do something that suggests that they understand. All the more so because in
the world in which *Nick is growing up, the rules that govern social interaction are so
much vaguer than they were when we were his age. Kids are exposed to a complex
confusion of competing signals about what’s (2)[
], let alone what’s admirable. It’s
hard to know what good manners are anymore.
② Under the circumstances, good manners require a good deal more imagination than
they once did, if only because it’s so much harder to know what the person sitting
across from you — whether stranger or friend — expects, needs, wants from you. When
you don’t have an official rulebook, you have to listen harder, be more sensitive, be
ready to play it by ear.
(1)下線部(1)を和訳しなさい。 (2)空所(2)に入れるのに最適なものを1つ選びなさい。 ① acceptable
② achievable
③ avoidable
④ inevitable
⑤ predictable
(3)この文章全体のまとめとして最適なものを1つ選びなさい。 ① The author thinks that times change but good manners remain the same.
② The author complains that good manners are dead in the modern world.
③ The author believes that good manners in today’s world demand much though and effort.
④ The author argues that the next generation will find new rules for social behavior.
⑤ The author recommends that we continue to behave according to established social rules.
マッチョの「英文読解」の嵐！
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(B) 次の英文を読んで、各設問に答えなさい。 [北海道改] What exactly is causing the number of honeybees to decline? The problem is that
scientists don’t know for certain. Possible causes are changing climate conditions, air
pollution, and a parasite that kills worker bees. Because bees fly, the parasite is carried
on their body, so it is able to travel around the world. One certain cause of CCD (Colony
Collapse Disorder) is the increased use of pesticides in farming. Pesticides make the
honeybees forgetful, and they also affect the ways in which they communicate, so either
they cannot remember where nectar-producing plants are, or they are unable to inform
other bees where to find them. But banning pesticides is very difficult, since they assist
in the successful growth of other crops. Banning pesticides might create more food
shortages, and we cannot simply revert to a world without agricultural chemicals.
(1)Furthermore,
reducing air pollution is not easy, especially in quickly developing
countries, where the emphasis in on economic rather than environmental welfare. It
seems a lot of research is needed on this issue in order to create pesticides that are not
harmful to honeybees. We simply cannot afford to lose the honeybees and all the hard
work it does for us. We must investigate all possible causes of this problem and
formulate creative solutions, otherwise in the next half-century, a large part of the world
will become very hungry indeed.
(1)下線部(1)を和訳しなさい。 (2)この文章の内容に一致するものを全て選びなさい。 ① Banning pesticides is the only way to stop CCD.
② We will be facing the prospect of famine unless we do something about CCD.
③ Scientists are not sure what is killing the honeybees.
④ Farmers should grow more crops to counter the effects of CCD.
マッチョの「英文読解」の嵐！
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(c) 次の英文を読んで、各設問に答えなさい。 [横浜国立改] Graphic narratives express ideas by transforming them into a story where the actions of
characters become a way of describing experiences and sensations beyond one’s own
lived experience. Despite this common purpose across all storytelling forms, different
means of communication are intrinsically linked to culturally formed modes of reading
that convey different values and judgments. Lera Boroditsky has researched the
linguistic structures meaning in different cultures and how they change the way people
perceive and recall phenomena. She observed that when people were given a set of
pictures of a particular action, for example, a man growing old or a person eating a
banana, they would inevitably arrange the individual pictures into a narrative by placing
them in the same direction they would read or write. For English speakers, this direction
is left to right; for Hebrew speakers, this is right to left. By looking at the range of ways
language influences perception, Boroditsky concluded, “These results show that
linguistic processes are pervasive in most fundamental domains of thought,
unconsciously shaping us from the nuts an bolts of cognition and perception to our
loftiest abstract notions and major life decisions.
この文章を70~80字の日本語に要約しなさい。マッチョの「英文読解」の嵐！
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(D) 次の英文を読んで、各設問に答えなさい。 [東京医科歯科改]
① The first requirement is a rapid needs assessment, including an estimate of how well
the local agencies and population can respond. All disasters have features in common
but it is a serious error to assume that a useful response can be mounted without
preliminary investigation. Disasters cannot be stereotyped and health needs and logistic
input will vary.
② Curative services have lower priority than water, food, and shelter. In cold
temperatures shelter and blankets are top priority; food requirements rise by about 5%
for every 5 degree temperature drop below 20 degree.
③ Later on in an emergency primary care, maternal-and-child health, and immunization
systems need to be established. Tuberculosis may become a problem but control
programs are complex, require long-term commitment, and may not be a suitable
activity for all agencies.
④ Disaster medicine is changing. Its disciplines include public health, primary care,
refugee health care, trauma management, epidemiology, nutrition, and infectious
diseases but flexibility, diplomacy, and management skills are just as important as
technical skills — and the demand is increasingly for dedicated professional rather than
enthusiastic amateurs.
⑤ Many recent disasters have had complex political, social and economic
backgrounds, and this complexity underpins the health-related challenges outlined in
this paper. (1)New models for the prevention of illness and the management of health
services in disasters are required, and these models will have to be critically evaluated.
In short evidence-based disaster medicine is the theme.
(1)下線部(1)を和訳しなさい。 (2)この文章の内容に一致するものを全て選びなさい。 ① Curative services are of primary importance in disaster medicine.
② The author implies that controlling tuberculosis is not a realistic priority at the start of a
disaster.
③ Due to the complexity of many disasters, those engaged in disaster medicine need flexibility,
diplomacy, and management skills more than they need specific-technical skills.
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(E) 次の英文を読んで、各設問に答えなさい。 [筑波改]
Over the years I’ve come up with a metaphor that has helped me put this in
perspective: every experience you have with someone else is like a drop of water falling
into a pool. As your experiences with that person grow, the drops accumulate and the
pool deepens. Positive interactions are clear drops of water and negative interactions
are red drops of water. But they aren’t equal. (a)[
], a number of clear drops can
dilute one red drop, and that number differs for different people. Those who are very
forgiving only need a few positive experiences — clear drops — to dilute a bad
experience, (b)[
] those who are less forgiving need a lot more to wash away the
red. This metaphor implies that if you have a large reserve of positive experiences with
someone, then one red drop is hardly noticed. It’s like putting a drop of red ink into the
ocean. But if you don’t know a person well, one bad experience stains the pool bright
red. You can wash away negative interactions by flooding the pool with positive
interactions until the red drops fade, but (1)the deeper the red, the more work you have
to do to clean the pool. I’ve found that sometimes the pool color never cleans; when that
happens, it’s time to stop interacting with that particular person.
(1)下線部(1)を、the redとthe poolが意味するものを具体的に明示して和訳しなさい。 (2)この文章の内容に一致するものを全て選びなさい。 ① You always need a lot of good experiences to wipe out a bad one.
② You should avoid a person only after you try to get along with that person and fail.
③ When you are sacrificing yourself to help someone, in most cases he or she realizes it and
expresses his/her gratitude.
(3)空所(a),(b)に入れるのに最適なものを1つずつ選びなさい。 ① however
② that is
③ while
④ in addition
⑤ finally

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