1 ᆅ┙ᵓ㐀≀䛾ಙ㢗ᛶゎᯒἲ䛾㛤Ⓨ -☜ᐇᛶ䛾ホ౯䛸ᆅ┙ゎᯒᢏ⾡- 2 Ⓨ⾲ᵓᡂ 2015ᖺ11᭶25᪥ Soil Plus ⪏㟈ゎᯒ䝉䝭䝘䞊2015 ఀ⸨ᛅ䝔䜽䝜䝋䝸䝳䞊䝅䝵䞁䝈䠈䝉䝭䝘䞊䝹䞊䝮 ᪂₲Ꮫ ⮬↛⛉Ꮫ⣔ ➉ 㞝 3 4 ᮏⓎ⾲䛾ᵓᡂ zᛶ⬟タィ䛸ಙ㢗ᛶゎᯒ䠄タィ䠅 zᆅ┙ᵓ㐀≀䛾ಙ㢗ᛶゎᯒἲ䛾ᵓ⠏䠖GRASP (Geotechnical Reliability Analysis by a Simplified Procedure) z◊✲䛻ᇶ䛵䛟☜ᐇᛶᨭ㓄せᅉ䛾ᢳฟ zᩘ್ゎᯒ䜢⏝䛔䛯ಙ㢗ᛶゎᯒ - ᾮ≧ᆅ┙ୖ䛾㛗Ỉ㊰15km䛾༴㝤ᗘゎᯒ - ᆅ㟈䛚䜘䜃ὥỈ䝝䝄䞊䝗䜢⪃៖䛧䛯Ἑᕝሐ㜵20km䛾ಙ㢗ᛶゎᯒ ᛶ⬟タィ䛸ಙ㢗ᛶゎᯒ䠄タィ䠅 5 ᛶ⬟タィ䛾ᐃ⩏ 6 ᛶ⬟タィ䛾2䛴䛾㉳※ 7 ᛶ⬟タィ䛸ಙ㢗ᛶタィ䛾㛵ಀ 8 㐨㊰ᶫ♧᪉᭩䛾ᨵᐃ ⋢㉺㝯ྐ䛂㐨㊰ᶫ♧᪉᭩䛾ᛶ⬟つᐃ䛸 ᚋ䛾ᒎᮃ䛃䠈ᅵᮌᏛㄅ䠈93-3,28-29.䜘䜚 9 10 ᛶ⬟タィ䛸ಙ㢗ᛶゎᯒ䠄タィ䠅䛻㛵䛩䜛䜎䛸䜑 ᆅ┙ᵓ㐀≀䛾ಙ㢗ᛶゎᯒἲ䛾ᵓ⠏ GRASP Geotechnical Reliability Analysis by a Simplified Procedure 12 ಙ㢗ᛶゎᯒ䛷⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛☜ᐇᛶ ᆅ┙ᵓ㐀≀䛾タィ䛻䛚䛡䜛☜ᐇᛶ Ⲵ㔜ഃ ☜ᐇᛶ ᵓ㐀ᕤᏛ䛾ಙ㢗ᛶゎᯒ䛻䛚䛡䜛☜ᐇᛶ䛾ศ㢮 • ≀⌮ⓗ☜ᐇᛶ䠖እຊ䜔ᢠຊ䚸ᙧ≧ᑍἲ➼䛜ᮏ᮶ᣢ䛳䛶䛔䜛䜀䜙䛴䛝 • ⤫ィⓗ᥎ᐃㄗᕪ䠖㝈䜙䜜䛯䝕䞊䝍䛛䜙䜀䜙䛴䛝䛾⤫ィ㔞䠄ᖹᆒ್䚸ศᩓ➼䠅䜢᥎ᐃ䛩䜛ㄗᕪ 䚹 • 䝰䝕䝹ㄗᕪ䠖༢⣧䞉⌮䛥䜜䛯ィ⟬䝰䝕䝹䞉☜⋡䝰䝕䝹➼䛾ㄗᕪ • 䜾䝻䝇䞉䜶䝷䞊䠖䝠䝳䞊䝬䞁䞉䜶䝷䞊䛾ู⛠ 䝰䝕䝹 ᆅ┙ ᐇᆅ┙ 䠄㼀㼔㼛㼒㼠㻙㻯㼔㼞㼕㼟㼠㼑㼚㼟㼑㼚㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㻮㼍㼗㼑㼞䛂ᵓ㐀ಙ㢗ᛶ䛃䠈㻝㻥㻤㻞䠅 ㄪᰝ ィ ㄗᕪ ✵㛫ⓗ䢆䢚䢓䡾䡳 䠇 ⤫ィⓗ᥎ᐃㄗᕪ タィ⏝ ᆅ┙ ኚㄗᕪ タィ ⤖ᯝ タィ 䝰䝕䝹ㄗᕪ ᆅ┙ᵓ㐀≀䛾ಙ㢗ᛶゎᯒ䛻䛚䛡䜛☜ᐇᛶ䛾ศ㢮 V • ✵㛫ⓗ䝞䝷䝒䜻䛾ᙳ㡪䠖 ᆅ┙䝟䝷䝯䞊䝍䛾✵㛫ⓗ䝞䝷䝒䜻䛜ᵓ㐀≀䛾ᛶ⬟䛻䛘䜛ᙳ㡪䠊 N್ • ⤫ィⓗ᥎ᐃㄗᕪ䠖 䝃䜲䝖䛤䛸䛻㝈䜙䜜䛯⨨䛸ᩘ䛾ᆅ┙ㄪᰝ⤖ᯝ䛛䜙䠈ᆅ┙䝟䝷䝯䞊䝍䛾 N್ ≉ᛶ䜢᥎ᐃ䛩䜛䛸䛝䛾ㄗᕪ䠊 • ኚㄗᕪ䠖 䝃䜴䞁䝕䜱䞁䜾䛻䜘䜚ồ䜑䜙䛘䜛ᆅ┙䛾≉ᛶ್䛛䜙䠈タィ䛻ᚲせ䛺ຊᏛⓗ䛺ᐃ ᩘ䛻ኚ䛩䜛䛸䛝䛾ㄗᕪ • 䝰䝕䝹ㄗᕪ䠖༢⣧䞉⌮䛥䜜䛯ィ⟬䝰䝕䝹䞉☜⋡䝰䝕䝹➼䛾ㄗᕪ • እຊ䛾☜ᐇᛶ䠖ᅛᐃⲴ㔜䠈ኚືⲴ㔜䠈അⓎⲴ㔜➼ ĭ M H ș Depth Depth +ı -ı ȝ Depth 13 14 ᆅ┙ᵓ㐀≀ಙ㢗ᛶゎᯒ䛾≉ᚩ䛸☜ᐇᛶ • • • • ᆅ┙䛿ᆒ㉁䛺㐃⥆య䛷䛒䜛䠊 – ᆒ㉁ᛶ䛜ᵓ㐀≀䛾ᛶ⬟䛻䛘 䜛ᙳ㡪ホ౯ ✵㛫ⓗ䝞䝷䝒䜻 ⤫ィⓗ᥎ᐃㄗᕪ 䝃䜲䝖䛤䛸䛻ᆅ┙ㄪᰝ䛻䜘䜚ᆅ┙䝟䝷 䝯䞊䝍್䜢Ỵᐃ䛧タィ䛩䜛 – ⤫ィⓗ᥎ ⌮ㄽ䛾ᚲせᛶ ᆅ┙䜢☜⋡ሙ䛸䛧䛶䝰䝕䝹䛧䠈 ᑐฎ䛩䜛䠊䛣䛣䛷䛿䠈ᒁᡤᖹᆒ 㻔㻸㼛㼏㼍㼘㻌㻭㼢㼑㼞㼍㼓㼑㻧㻌㻸㻭㻕䛜䜻䞊䝽䞊 䝗䛸䛺䜛䠊㻳㻾㻭㻿㻼䛷䛿䠈䛣䛾㒊ศ 䛜≉䛻䜸䝸䝆䝘䝹䛷䛒䜛䠊 ᕤᏛⓗุ᩿䛸タィィ⟬⢭ᗘ䛾㝈⏺ – せồ䛥䜜䜛ィ⟬䛾⢭ᗘ䠈⤒㦂ⓗ ุ᩿䛾㔜ど 䋻 ㏆ఝィ⟬䛷㻻㻷 ᐇつᶍ䛻㏆䛔㍕Ⲵヨ㦂䜔䠈◚ቯ 䛾Ꮡᅾ – 䝰䝕䝹ㄗᕪ䛾ᐃ㔞䛾ྍ⬟ᛶ ኚㄗᕪ 㻺್䛛䜙䃥䜔㻱䜈䛾ኚ➼䠊ከ䛟 䛾◊✲䛾✚䛜䛒䜛䠊 ☜ᐇᛶ䛾ᐃ㔞 ✵㛫ⓗ䜀䜙䛴䛝䛜ᵓ㐀≀䛾ᛶ⬟䛻䛘䜛ᙳ㡪 ✵㛫ⓗ䜀䜙䛴䛝䛸⤫ィⓗ᥎ᐃㄗᕪ䛾⡆᫆ホ౯⌮ㄽ ኚㄗᕪ 䝰䝕䝹ㄗᕪ 䝰䝕䝹ㄗᕪ ㍕Ⲵᐇ㦂䠈◚ቯ➼䛛䜙ᐃ㔞 䛩䜛䠊 15 ᆅ┙䝟䝷䝯䞊䝍䛾✵㛫ⓗ䜀䜙䛴䛝䛜ᛶ⬟䛻䛘䜛ᙳ㡪 • ᆅ┙䝟䝷䝯䞊䝍䛾✵㛫ⓗ䜀䜙䛴䛝䛜᭱⤊ⓗ䛻ィ⟬䛥䜜䜛ᵓ㐀≀䛾ᛶ⬟䛻 䛹䛾䜘䛖䛻ఏᦙ䛩䜛䛛䠛 • “䜀䜙䛴䛔䛶䛔䜛”䛣䛸䛜ၥ㢟䛷䛿䛺䛟䠈䛻ᢕᥱ䛷䛝䛺䛔䛷タィ䛧䛺䛡䜜 䜀䛺䜙䛺䛔䛣䛸䛜ၥ㢟 ᆅ┙䛾✵㛫ⓗ䜀䜙䛴䛝 э౽ᐅⓗ䡞☜⋡ሙ䡟䛸௬ᐃ 䞉ᆅ┙ㄪᰝ(䝪䞊䝸䞁䜾ㄪᰝ䛺䛹) 䞉᪤ 䛾⤫ィ㈨ᩱ䛛䜙 ✵㛫ⓗ䜀䜙䛴䛝䛾 ☜ᐇᛶ䠙䠌 <㔜せ䛺䜻䞊䝽䞊䝗> 䐟 ☜⋡ሙ 䐠 ⮬ᕫ┦㛵㊥㞳 䐡 ᒁᡤᖹᆒ(Local Average) 16 ヲ⣽ィ⟬䛻䜘䜛ᙳ㡪ホ౯ • ᑐ㇟ᵓ㐀≀䠖ὸ䛔ᇶ♏(ᨭᣢຊ䠈ᙎᛶỿୗ) • ✵㛫ⓗ䜀䜙䛴䛝䛾䝰䝕䝹䠖☜⋡ሙ(༢⣧䞉⌮) • ᆅ┙ゎᯒᡭἲ䠖᭷㝈せ⣲ἲ(ᙎᛶ䡡ᙎረᛶ) • ಙ㢗ᛶゎᯒἲ䠖䝰䞁䝔䜹䝹䝻䝅䝭䝳䝺䞊䝅䝵䞁(MCS) ᖹᆒ್䠖ȝ ศᩓ䠖ı2 ⮬ᕫ┦㛵㊥㞳䠖ș șx=20m䠈ș䡕=1m ͤከᩘ䛾┦㛵䛩䜛☜⋡ኚᩘ䜢ྲྀᢅ䛖 17 0 18 䐟 䐠 䐡 䐢 䐣 䐤 䐥 䐦 䐧 䐨 䐩 䐪 2 ⮬ᕫ┦㛵㛵ᩘ(⮬ᕫ┦㛵㊥㞳ș) 0.5 䠖ᣦᩘᆺ 6 0 20 SPT-N ș=1m 0 1 2 3 ǻX(m) 4 (☜⋡ኚᩘྠኈ䛾┦ᑐ㊥㞳) 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 30 30 ș=1m 40 ș=10m 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 • ୧⪅䛿䠈䝣䞊䝸䜶(㏫)ኚ䛾㛵ಀ(Wiener-Khintchine䛾බᘧ) • ᆅ┙ㄪᰝ䛛䜙┤᥋䠈᪤ 䛾◊✲➼䜢ཧ⪃䛻タᐃ 20 20 10 10 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 ȡ=0.12 ȡ=-0.18 10 30 20 30 20 10 20 10 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 ȡ=0.07 40 ǻx=4m 䐟~䐦 VS 䐣~䐪 40 ǻx=3m 䐟~䐧 VS 䐢~䐪 40 ǻx=2m 䐟~䐨 VS 䐡~䐪 40 ǻx=1m 䐟~䐩 VS 䐠~䐪 ȡ=0.4 ȝ=0䠈ı2=1.0䠈ș=1m or 10m • ⮬ᕫ┦㛵㛵ᩘя䝟䝽䞊䝇䝨䜽䝖䝹(ྠ౯) ǻx=0m ȡ=1.0 ⮬ᕫ┦㛵㛵ᩘ 5 䐟~䐪 VS 䐟~䐪 30 40 ఏ 12 ߩ ȟܺ ൌ ݁ ݔെ 0.0 -0.5 ┦㛵ಀᩘ 1.0 10 8 Depth(m) 4 Investigation 10 20 30 40 19 20 ☜⋡ሙ䛾⏕ᡂ+᭷㝈せ⣲ἲ MCS(1) ☜⋡ሙ䛾⏕ᡂ+᭷㝈せ⣲ἲ MCS(2) • RFEM(Fenton and Griffiths)䛾᪉ἲ • ᩘ䛻䜘䜛ሙ⏕ᡂ䠇FEMゎᯒ(⢓ᛶᅵᆅ┙䛾ᨭᣢຊィ⟬) • ὸ䛔๛యᇶ♏䛾ᙎᛶኚᙧ䠈ᙎረᛶ(ᨭᣢຊ)䛻≉䛧䛯ィ⟬䝥䝻䜾䝷䝮 • ◚ቯᇶ‽䠖Mohor-Coulomb䠈Drucker-Prager ȝc=30kN/m2 , COVc=0.15 șx=0.1m, șz=0.1m ͤRFEM(Fenton and Griffiths)䛻䜘䜛ゎᯒ B=2(m) • 㛵㐃ὶ䜜๎(䝎䜲䝺䜲䝍䞁䝅䞊ಀᩘ䃧䠙ෆ㒊ᦶ᧿ゅ䃅) ͤᨭᣢຊබᘧ䛸䛾ᩚྜᛶ䛻㓄៖ • ᩘ䛻䜘䜛ሙ䛾⏕ᡂ э ᨭᣢຊィ⟬(⧞㏉䛧ヨ⾜䛩䜛) FEMゎᯒ⤖ᯝ(ᴟ㝈ᨭᣢຊⓎ⏕䛾ኚᙧᅗ) ͤᴟ㝈ᨭᣢຊ䛜ᚓ䜙䜜䛯䛾ኚᙧᅗ Sample-1 Sample-2 Sample-3 Sample-4 Sample-5 Sample-6 B=2(m) Frequency ȝc=30kN/m2 , COVc=0.15 șx=10m, șz=10m ͤᴟ㝈ᨭᣢຊ䛜ᚓ䜙䜜䛯䛾ኚᙧᅗ ͤᴟ㝈ᨭᣢຊ䛜ᚓ䜙䜜䛯䛾ኚᙧᅗ 21 ☜⋡ሙ䛾⏕ᡂ+᭷㝈せ⣲ἲ MCS(2) ͤRFEM(Fenton and Griffiths)䛻䜘䜛ゎᯒ B=2(m) ͤᴟ㝈ᨭᣢຊ䛜ᚓ䜙䜜䛯䛾ኚᙧᅗ Bearing Capacity (kN/m2) ȝc=30kN/m2 , COVc=0.15 șx=10m, șz=10m B=2(m) LOCAL AVERAGE ͤᴟ㝈ᨭᣢຊ䛜ᚓ䜙䜜䛯䛾ኚᙧᅗ ͤᴟ㝈ᨭᣢຊ䛜ᚓ䜙䜜䛯䛾ኚᙧᅗ Bearing Capacity (kN/m2) Bearing Capacity (kN/m2) B=2(m) LOCAL AVERAGE Frequency ȝc=30kN/m2 , COVc=0.15 șx=10m, șz=10m ͤRFEM(Fenton and Griffiths)䛻䜘䜛ゎᯒ B=2(m) LOCAL AVERAGE Frequency LOCAL AVERAGE • ᩘ䛻䜘䜛ሙ⏕ᡂ䠇FEMゎᯒ(⢓ᛶᅵᆅ┙䛾ᨭᣢຊィ⟬) ȝc=30kN/m2 , COVc=0.15 șx=0.1m, șz=0.1m Frequency • ᩘ䛻䜘䜛ሙ⏕ᡂ䠇FEMゎᯒ(⢓ᛶᅵᆅ┙䛾ᨭᣢຊィ⟬) ȝc=30kN/m2 , COVc=0.15 șx=0.1m, șz=0.1m Frequency ☜⋡ሙ䛾⏕ᡂ+᭷㝈せ⣲ἲ MCS(2) 22 ͤᴟ㝈ᨭᣢຊ䛜ᚓ䜙䜜䛯䛾ኚᙧᅗ Bearing Capacity (kN/m2) 23 Vanmarcke䛾ศᩓ㛵ᩘ(2) ᆅ┙䛾ᛶ㉁䛸䛔䛖䜘䜚䛿䠈䛒䜛㠃✚䜔య✚(ᒁᡤᖹᆒ)䛻䛴䛔 䛶䛾ᖹᆒ್䛷䛒䜛ሙྜ䛜ከ䛔䠊 Vanmarcke(1977) ܼ ሺݔሻ ൌ ͳ න ܼ ݑ݀ ݑ ܸ ଶ ߪ ൌ ܧሺܼ ݔെ ߤ௭ ʹሿ ൌ ܧሾ ൌ ͳ න න ሺ ݑ ݖെ ߤݖሻሺ ݒ ݖെ ߤݖሻ݀ݒ݀ݑሿ ܸଶ ߪଶ ィ ್䛻䜏䜙䜜䜛 ศᩓ䛛䜙పῶ 1.0 • ᆅ┙䛾ᨭᣢຊ䠈Ᏻᐃ䠈ኚᙧ➼䛷ၥ㢟䛸䛺䜛䛾䛿䠈䛒䜛1Ⅼ䛾 ߁ʹሺܸሻ 0.8 Vanmarcke䛾ศᩓ㛵ᩘ(1) 24 ZV ( x) 1 Z (u )du V V³ ଶ ィ ್䛻䜏䜙䜜䜛ศᩓߪଶ 䛷䛿䛺䛟䠈ᒁᡤᖹᆒ䛾ศᩓߪ 䜢 ⏝䛔䛶ಙ㢗ᛶゎᯒ䜢⾜䛘䜀䜘䛔 0.6 0.4 0.0 0.2 Variance 䕔⮬ᕫ┦㛵㛵ᩘ䛜ᣦᩘᆺ䛾ሙྜ䛾ศᩓ㛵ᩘ 0 2 4 6 V/ș 8 Local Average Length V/ș (b) Variance Functions 10 25 26 ᒁᡤᖹᆒ䛾⠊ᅖ(ᙎረᛶ䠈ᨭᣢຊၥ㢟) ᒁᡤᖹᆒ䛾⠊ᅖ(ᙎᛶኚᙧ䠈ỿୗၥ㢟) • ᨭᣢຊ(⢓ᛶᅵᆅ┙) • ᙎᛶኚᙧ(ỿୗ) ቑຍᛂຊ䠋㍕ⲴⲴ㔜=0.1䛾⠊ᅖ 0 B C L B 0.4 Vz=3.6B z/B 2 1 z/B 0.3 Vz=2B 0.2 3 2 0.2 -2 4 -1 0 1 2 7 4 Vx=2B 7 3 0.5 0.6 0.3 䃥=45㼻 Vx=6.4 2 1 0 0.4 0.5 䃥=35㼻 Vz=3.0 Vx=2.2 Vx=3.1 Vz=1.6 Vz=1.9 0 䃥=30㼻 ʌ/4+䃥/2 1 2 z/B 0.6 0.9 0.7 0.1 0.7 0 0.1 B Vx=2B 0.8 • ᨭᣢຊ(◁㉁ᅵᆅ┙) ʌ/4 Vz=0.7B ʌ/4 Vx=3B -2 x/B 6 -1 (a) B㽢B x/B 0 1 (b) B㽢3B 27 28 䜎䛸䜑(1) 䜎䛸䜑(2) • Vanmarcke䛾ศᩓ㛵ᩘ䛷㏆ఝ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛻䜘䜚䠈ᆅ┙䝟䝷䝯䞊䝍䛾✵㛫ⓗ䜀 • タィ⏝ᆅ┙䝟䝷䝯䞊䝍䛾᥎ᐃ䛸䛿䠈䛂ᒁᡤᖹᆒ್䜢᥎ᐃ䛩䜛ၥ㢟䛃䛷䛒䜛 䜙䛴䛝䛜ᵓ㐀≀䛾ᛶ⬟䛻䛘䜛ᙳ㡪䜢⡆᫆䛻ホ౯䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䜛䠊 • ᒁᡤᖹᆒ䛾⠊ᅖ䛿⮬ᕫ┦㛵㊥㞳䠈ᆅ┙䝟䝷䝯䞊䝍䛾ィ ್䛻䜏䜙䜜䜛ศ ᩓ䛾䛝䛥䛻䜘䜙䛪ᴫ䛽୍ᐃ䛷䛒䜛䠊(ᵓ㐀≀䛾つᶍ䛷Ỵ䜎䜛) • ᒁᡤᖹᆒ䛾⠊ᅖV䛾タᐃ᪉ἲ䛻䛴䛔䛶䛿䠈䛾㢮ఝᆅ┙ᵓ㐀≀䛾ಙ㢗 ᛶゎᯒ䜈ά⏝䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䜛䠊 䕔ᮺ䛾Ỉᖹኚ 䕔ᮺ䛾㖄┤ᨭᣢຊ 䕔ᩳ㠃Ᏻᐃ • ᨭᣢຊၥ㢟(ᙎረᛶၥ㢟)䛷䛿䠈Prandtlᆺ䛾䛩䜉䜚⥺䛻ᇶ䛵䛔䛶ᒁᡤᖹᆒ 䛾⠊ᅖ䜢タᐃ䛩䜜䜀Ⰻ䛔䠊 • ᙎᛶỿୗၥ㢟(ᙎᛶኚᙧၥ㢟)䛿䠈ᛂຊቑศྜ䠄ᛂຊቑศ/㍕ⲴⲴ㔜)䛜 0.1௨ୖ䛸䛺䜛⠊ᅖ䜢ᒁᡤᖹᆒ䛾⠊ᅖ䛸䛧䛶タᐃ䛩䜜䜀Ⰻ䛔䠊 Vz ➉䞉ᮏᇛ䛂ᆅ┙䝟䝷䝯䞊䝍ᒁᡤᖹᆒ䜢⏝䛔䛯✵㛫ⓗ䜀䜙䛴䛝䛾⡆᫆ಙ㢗ᛶホ౯ἲ䛾᳨ド䛃䠈ᅵᮌᏛㄽᩥ㞟C 2012.8 CriticalSlipCircle Vx 2 29 30 ᒁᡤᖹᆒ್䛾᥎ᐃၥ㢟䛾ᐃᘧ • 䛒䜙䛯䜑䛶䠈䛂ᒁᡤᖹᆒ್䛾᥎ᐃၥ㢟䛃䜢ᩘᏛⓗ䛻⪃䛘䜛䠊 ☜ᐇᛶ䛾ᐃ㔞 ✵㛫ⓗ䜀䜙䛴䛝䛜ᵓ㐀≀䛾ᛶ⬟䛻䛘䜛ᙳ㡪 ✵㛫ⓗ䜀䜙䛴䛝䛸⤫ィⓗ᥎ᐃㄗᕪ䛾⡆᫆ホ౯⌮ㄽ ኚㄗᕪ 䝰䝕䝹ㄗᕪ • タィ䜢⪃䛘䜛䛸䠈㝈䜙䜜䛯䝃䞁䝥䝹(ᆅ┙ㄪᰝ)䛛䜙䛂ᒁᡤᖹᆒ 䛾᥎ᐃ䛃䜢⾜䛖ၥ㢟䛸䛧䛶ᐃᘧ䛩䜛ᚲせ䛜䛒䜛䠊 • ᒁᡤᖹᆒ್䛾᥎ᐃㄗᕪ䛻䛿䠈䛂✵㛫ⓗ䜀䜙䛴䛝䛃䛸䛂⤫ィⓗ᥎ ᐃㄗᕪ䛃䛾ຠᯝ䛜ྵ䜎䜜䛶䛔䜛䛿䛪䛷䛒䜛䠊 31 32 ᒁᡤᖹᆒ䛾᥎ᐃศᩓ (✵㛫ⓗ䜀䜙䛴䛝䠇⤫ィⓗ᥎ᐃㄗᕪ) ᒁᡤᖹᆒ(Local Average)䛾᥎ᐃ • ☜⋡ሙ䛾䛒䜛ᒁᡤ㒊ศ䛾ᒁᡤᖹᆒ ܼ ݔൌ ᒁᡤᖹᆒZV(䡔)䛾᥎ᐃศᩓ䛿䠈ḟᘧ䛻䜘䜚ồ䜑䜙䜜䜛䠊 ௫ା ଶ ͳ න ܼሺݑሻ ݀ݑ ܸ ௫ି ᒁᡤᖹᆒ䛾୰ᚰ⨨ ଶ 䠖ݔ • ݊⟠ᡤ䛾ᆅ┙ㄪᰝ䛛䜙ᒁᡤᖹᆒ䜢᥎ᐃ䛩䜛 ܼመܸ ݔൌ ܼ݅ݒሺ݅ݔሻ ୀଵ ݅ݒൌ ͳȀ݊ ᘓタᆅⅬ V(m) Ɣ݊ ൌ Ͷ䛾ሙྜ ㄪᰝᆅⅬ ィ ್ 㔜䜏 ܼሺͳݔሻ 䃜㻝 䛣䛾ᘧ䜢ᒎ㛤䛩䜛䛸䠈ḟᘧ䛜ᚓ䜙䜜䠈䛭䜜䛿3䛴䛾㡯䛻ศゎ䛷䛝䜛䠊 䛣䛣䛷䠈ㄪᰝᆅⅬ䛾㔜䜏䛜୍ᐃ䛾ሙྜ ㄪᰝᆅⅬ (1) ㄪᰝᆅⅬ ܼሺʹݔሻ ܼሺ͵ݔሻ 䃜㻞 䃜㻟 ㄪᰝᆅⅬ ܼሺݔͶሻ 䃜㻠 (3) (2) 33 ⤫ィⓗ᥎ᐃㄗᕪ䠖ṇつẕ㞟ᅋ䛛䜙䛾⊂❧䛺ᶆᮏ ᒁᡤᖹᆒ䛾᥎ᐃศᩓ䛾3䛴䛾㡯䛾ゎ㔘 (3) 10 5 (2) 0 (1) 0 ͤ➨(3)㡯䛾䛯䜑䠈᥎ᐃ䜢䛂୍⯡᥎ᐃ䛃䛸䛂ᒁᡤ᥎ᐃ䛃䛻ศ䛡䛶⪃䛘䜛䠊 40 X i (i=1, n)'ࡣ㸪⊂❧ྠ୍ࡢN ( P ,V 2 )ᚑ࠺㸬 sL 2 2 E ª¬( X P )2 º¼ V n ࡇࡇ㸪ᶆ‽೫ᕪ ( ) =V N(50,10^2)傱僯僔 16ಶᶆᮏ僔 100ಶ僔ᶆᮏᖹᆒ 0 n ẕ㞟ᅋ䛛䜙䡊ಶ䛾ᶆᮏ䜢ྲྀ䜜䜀䠈䛭䜜䜢ᇶ䛻 0 20 ẕᖹᆒ䛾Ꮡᅾ䛩䜛ಙ㢗༊㛫䜢ồ䜑䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䜛䠊 40 35 80 ➨2㡯䠖⤫ィⓗ᥎ᐃㄗᕪ ᖹᆒ᥎ᐃศᩓ㛵ᩘ (ẕᖹᆒ䛾᥎ᐃㄗᕪ) ➨1㡯䠖✵㛫ⓗ䜀䜙䛴䛝 Vanmarke䛾ศᩓ㛵ᩘ 1.0 ᥎ᐃ⨨䛸ㄪᰝ⨨䛾┦ᑐⓗ䛺⨨㛵ಀ䜢⪃៖䇾䇾䛧䛺䛔䇿᥎ᐃἲ • ᒁᡤ᥎ᐃ(L.E.): ᆅ┙䝟䝷䝯䞊䝍䛾ᒁᡤᖹᆒ䛾᥎ᐃ䛻䛴䛔䛶䠈᥎ ᐃ⨨䛸ㄪᰝ⨨䛾┦ᑐⓗ䛺⨨㛵ಀ䜢⪃៖䇾䇾䛩䜛䇿᥎ᐃἲ ṇつᶆᮏㄽ 0.8 ı䡡¥1/n 0.6 Variance ୀଵ ¥1/4 0.4 ܼመܸ ݔൌ ܼ݅ݒሺ݅ݔሻ ¥1/16 for G.E. ¥1/64 0.2 ¥1/100 for L.E. 0.0 ( ݅ݒൌ ͳȀ݊ሻ 100 (1)✵㛫ⓗ䜀䜙䛴䛝䛸(2)⤫ィⓗ᥎ᐃㄗᕪ䛾ᅗ • ୍⯡᥎ᐃ(G.E.): ᆅ┙䝟䝷䝯䞊䝍䛾ᒁᡤᖹᆒ䛾᥎ᐃ䛻䛴䛔䛶䠈 ᥎ᐃศᩓ 60 y 36 ᒁᡤᖹᆒ䛾୍⯡(General) vs. ᒁᡤ (Local) ᥎ᐃἲ(Estimation) ᥎ᐃᖹᆒ 100 30 1 n ¦ X i ࡢ᥎ᐃศᩓࡣ㸪 ni1 80 20 X 1 n ¦ X i ࡼࡾ᥎ᐃࡍࡿ㸬 ni1 P ࢆX ᖹᆒ್E ª¬ X º¼ 60 10 (1) Vanmarcke(1977)䛻䜘䜚ᣦ䛥䜜ᐃ⩏䛥䜜䛯ศᩓ㛵ᩘ䠊ᒁᡤᖹᆒ䜢ྲྀ䜛 ✵㛫ⓗ䜀䜙䛴䛝䠈Vanmarke䛾ศᩓ㛵ᩘ 䛣䛸䛻䜘䜛ศᩓ䛾పῶ䠊 (2) ➨2㡯䛿䠈䛣䛾☜⋡ሙ䛾ẕᖹᆒPZ䜢䡊ಶ䛾䝃䞁䝥䝹䛻䜘䜚᥎ᐃ䛩䜛䛸䛝䛾 ⤫ィⓗ᥎ᐃㄗᕪ䠊 ⤫ィⓗ᥎ᐃㄗᕪ䠈ㄪᰝᩘ䛾ຠᯝ (3) ➨3㡯䛿䠈ほ ್䛸᥎ᐃ್䛾┦ᑐⓗ䛺⨨䛻䜘䜛ᒁᡤᖹᆒ䛾᥎ᐃศᩓ䛾 పῶ䜢⾲䛩䠊ほ Ⅼ䛜᥎ᐃ⨨䛻㏆᥋䛧䛶䛔䜛䜋䛹䠈䛩䛺䜟䛱䠈┦㛵䛜 㧗䛔⨨䛷ィ 䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䜋䛹䠈᥎ᐃศᩓ䛿ᑠ䛥䛟䛺䜛䠊(Kriging䛾ෆᤄ ຠᯝ) ⤫ィⓗ᥎ᐃㄗᕪ䠈⨨㛵ಀ䛾ຠᯝ 20 x F re q u e n c y ィ ್䛻 ぢ䜙䜜䜛䛾ศᩓ F re q u e n c y 15 N(50,10^2)僔100ಶ僔ᶆᮏ LN=L䠋ș 0 (㔜䜏࢜䛿 䛾ᡭ㡰䛻䜘䜚タᐃ䠈┦㛵䛾ᙉ䛥䛻ᛂ䛨䛶㔜䜏䜢㓄ศሻ 2 4 6 8 V䠋ș Local Average Length V/ș (b) Variance Functions 10 䝃䞁䝥䝸䞁䜾ᩘ䜢ᅛᐃ䛩䜛䛸 䝃䞁䝥䝸䞁䜾䛾⊂❧ᛶ䛜㧗䛟䛺䜛 37 38 (3)⨨㛵ಀ䛻㛵䜟䜛⤫ィⓗ᥎ᐃㄗᕪ䛾ຠᯝ(Kriging) 䠄䝅䝭䝳䝺䞊䝅䝵䞁䝧䞊䝇䛷⪃䛘䛶䜏䜛䠅 (3)⨨㛵ಀ䛻㛵䜟䜛⤫ィⓗ᥎ᐃㄗᕪ䛾ຠᯝ(Kriging) 䠄䝅䝭䝳䝺䞊䝅䝵䞁䝧䞊䝇䛷⪃䛘䛶䜏䜛䠅 ㄪᰝᆅⅬ ୍⯡᥎ᐃ ㄪᰝᆅⅬ Z Z ୍⯡᥎ᐃ ☜⋡ሙ䠈ȝ=105䠈ı=12䠈ș=30m ㄪᰝᆅⅬ ㄪᰝᆅⅬ ᒁᡤ᥎ᐃ Z Z ᒁᡤ᥎ᐃ ☜⋡ሙ䠈ȝ=105䠈ı=12䠈ș=30m ☜⋡ሙ䠈ȝ=105䠈ı=12䠈ș=30m ⨨(m) ☜⋡ሙ䠈ȝ=105䠈ı=12䠈ș=30m ⨨(m) 39 40 䜎䛸䜑 • ᆅ┙䝟䝷䝯䞊䝍䛾ᒁᡤᖹᆒ䛾⤫ィⓗ᥎ᐃㄗᕪ䜢ᐃ㔞ⓗ䛻ホ ౯䛩䜛⌮ㄽ䜢㛤Ⓨ䛧䛯䠊 • ᥎ᐃ䛿䠈୍⯡᥎ᐃ䛸ᒁᡤ᥎ᐃ䛻ศ䛡䛶⪃䛘䜛ᚲせ䛜䛒䜛䠊୧ ⪅䛾ᛶ㉁䛿␗䛺䜛䠊 • ⌮ㄽ䜢ᐇ㝿䛻ィ 䛥䜜䛯㧗ᐦᗘCPTヨ㦂䛾㈏ධᢠ್qt䛻 䜘䜚䠈↷ᰝἲ䛻䜘䜚⌮ㄽ䛾᥎ᐃ⤖ᯝ䛸┿್䜢ẚ㍑䛩䜛䛣 䛸䛻䜘䜚᳨ド䛧䠈⌮ㄽ䛾ጇᙜᛶ䜢♧䛧䛯䠊 ᮏᇛ䞉➉䞉ຍ⸨䠖䛂ᆅ┙䝟䝷䝯䞊䝍ᒁᡤᖹᆒ䛾✵㛫ⓗ䜀䜙䛴䛝䛸⤫ィⓗ᥎ᐃㄗᕪ䛾⡆᫆ホ౯⌮ㄽ䛃䠈ᅵᮌᏛ ㄽᩥ㞟C䠈2012 ➉䞉ᮏᇛ䠖䛂ᆅ┙䝟䝷䝯䞊䝍ᒁᡤᖹᆒ䛾⤫ィⓗ᥎ᐃㄗᕪホ౯⌮ㄽ䛾᳨ド䛃䠈ᅵᮌᏛㄽᩥ㞟C䠈2012 ☜ᐇᛶ䛾ᐃ㔞 ✵㛫ⓗ䜀䜙䛴䛝䛜ᵓ㐀≀䛾ᛶ⬟䛻䛘䜛ᙳ㡪 ✵㛫ⓗ䜀䜙䛴䛝䛸⤫ィⓗ᥎ᐃㄗᕪ䛾⡆᫆ホ౯⌮ㄽ ኚㄗᕪ 䝰䝕䝹ㄗᕪ 41 42 ෆ㒊ᦶ᧿ゅĭ ⢓╔ຊc • SPT䡬N䛛䜙ෆ㒊ᦶ᧿ゅĭ (⚟(2002)䠈㐨㊰ᶫ♧᪉᭩(2002)) • SPT䡬N䛛䜙⢓╔ຊc (Hara et al.(1974)䠈Ching et al.(2009)) ͳͲܰ ܰͳ ൌ ᇱ ĭ ൌ ͶǤͺ݈݊ܰͳ ʹͳ ߪ௩ ᇱ ǣ ᭷ຠୖ㍕ᅽ(kN/m2) ߪ௩ Ͳ • CPT䡬qc䛛䜙ෆ㒊ᦶ᧿ゅĭ (Kulhawy and Mayne(1990)) ܿݍȀܲ ĭ ൌ ͳǤ ͳͳǤͲሾ ᇱ ሿ ሺߪ௩ ȀܲሻͲǤͷ ܲ 䠖Ẽᅽ ᇱ ߪ௩ ǣ ᭷ຠୖ㍕ᅽ(kN/m2) sd=2.4㼻 COV=0.07 ⚟(2002) Ǥ ܵ ݑൌ ʹ ൌ ͲǤʹͻܰͲ ʹͲ • CPT䡬qc䛛䜙⢓╔ຊc ൌ ܿݍെ ߪݒ ܰ݇ݐ ܰ݇ݐ䠖䝁䞊䞁ಀᩘ ߪ௩ ǣ 㖄┤ᛂຊ(kN/m2) ܿ ൌ ͲǤͻ ܿݍെ ʹǤͶͲͺ sd=2.8㼻 COV=0.08 (⏣୰(1992)) (Ching et al.(2009)) 䝕䞊䝍䜢ㄞ 䜏ྲྀ䜚ゎᯒ COV§0.30 Kulhawy and Mayne(1990) Ching et al.(2009) 䛾ゎᯒ䜘䜚 COV § 0.34 ⏣୰(1992) Hara et al.(1974) 43 ኚᙧಀᩘE 44 ኚㄗᕪ୍ぴ⾲ • SPT䡬N䛛䜙ኚᙧಀᩘE (ྜྷ୰(1967)䠈ᅵ㇂䞉㇏ᒸ(1980)䠈୰㇂(2009)) 䃥 ܧൌ ʹͲͲܰǡ 䚷͵ͲͲ ܧൌ ʹͺͲͲܰ • CPT䡬qc䛛䜙ኚᙧಀᩘE (NCHRP(2007)) ሺͳ ߥሻሺͳ െ ʹߥሻ ܦൌ ͷሺ ܿݍെ ߪ௩ ᇱ ሻ ܧൌܦ ሺͳ െ ߥሻ ୰㇂(2009) for sand COV=0.55 for clay COV=0.65 㼏 ⾲ᒙᆅ┙ NCHRP(2007) 䛾䝕䞊䝍䜢ㄞ 䜏ྲྀ䜚ゎᯒ COV§0.94 㻱 䃒 䃥 ᒾ┙ 㼏 㻱 SPTN CPTqc SPTN CPTqc SPTN CPTqc CPTqc SPTN SPTN SPTN CPTqc SPTN SPTN SPTN SPTN SPTN SPTN ⚟ (2002) 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10) 11) 12) 13) 14) 15) 16) 17) COVҸ0.10 Kulhawy and Mayne(1990) COV Ҹ 0.30 Haraetal.(1974) Ching etal.(2010) +OCR䠃 ʍV’ COV Ҹ 0.20 Localsitedata Alldata Sand COV Ҹ 0.6 ~ 1.0 Clay ᐊ⏫(1957) ୰㇂ (2007) NCHRP(2007)䠈 ᮏᇛ (2011) Nexco(2007) Sand Mud Sand Mud 4.1 SPTN NCHRP(2007) CPTqc 0 1 2 3 ィ ್ 䠋 ィ⟬್ (㼼1ı䠈COV䛾⠊ᅖ) 4 45 46 䝰䝕䝹ㄗᕪ䛾ᐃ㔞᪉ἲ • ಙ㢗ᛶゎᯒ䛾◚ቯ☜⋡䜢ᐃ㔞ⓗ䛻ព䛾䛒䜛䜒䛾䛻䛩䜛䠊 䕔┒ᅵ䛾ᘼ䛩䜉䜚ゎᯒ(ĭ=0)䠈 Matsuo and Asaoka(1976)䛾 • ᅜෆ17䠈ᾏእ22䛾㌾ᙅᆅ┙ୖ䛾┒ᅵ䛾◚ቯ䛸ィ⟬⤖ᯝ䛸䛾ᕪ␗䜢 ᩚ⌮䛧䛯䠊[ (◚ቯ䜘䜚᥎ᐃ䛥䜜䛯┿䛾Ᏻ⋡)= (ィ⟬Ᏻ⋡)䠇(ㄗᕪ) ] • ㄗᕪ䛿-0.1䡚+0.1䛾㛫䛻୍ᵝศᕸ • Wu(2009)䛜↷ᰝ䠖bias=0.98-1.0䠈COV=0.067-0.087 ☜ᐇᛶ䛾ᐃ㔞 ✵㛫ⓗ䜀䜙䛴䛝䛜ᵓ㐀≀䛾ᛶ⬟䛻䛘䜛ᙳ㡪 ✵㛫ⓗ䜀䜙䛴䛝䛸⤫ィⓗ᥎ᐃㄗᕪ䛾⡆᫆ホ౯⌮ㄽ ኚㄗᕪ 䝰䝕䝹ㄗᕪ ᅜෆ17䠈ᾏእ22䛾㌾ᙅᆅ┙ ୖ┒ᅵ䛾◚ቯ䛸↷ᰝᘧ䛾ㄗᕪ (Matsuo and Asaoka(1976)) 47 48 䝰䝕䝹ㄗᕪ䛾୍ぴ 䝰䝕䝹ㄗᕪ୍ぴ⾲ • Ᏻᐃၥ㢟䛻ẚ䜉䛶䠈ኚᙧၥ㢟䛾䝰䝕䝹ㄗᕪ䛜䛝䛔䠊 • ┤᥋ᇶ♏䛾䝰䝕䝹ㄗᕪ(ᖹᯈ㍕Ⲵヨ㦂vsタィᘧ) • ᘼ䛩䜉䜚ィ⟬䛾䝰䝕䝹ㄗᕪ䛿ᴟ䜑䛶ᑠ䛥䛔䠊 ⤊ᒁ㝈⏺(Ᏻᐃ) ↷ᰝ᪉ἲ ┤᥋ᇶ♏ ᮺᇶ♏ ᩳ㠃Ᏻᐃ (ĭ=0) ᅵ␃䜑ቨ bias 㐨♧(2002) ᨭᣢຊබᘧͤ1 0.85 㐨♧(2002) ᨭᣢຊ᥎ᐃᘧͤ1 (tip+side) 0.93 ᘼ䛩䜉䜚ィ⟬ ʊ 1.0 ʊ ⏝㝈⏺(ኚᙧ) COV ↷ᰝ᪉ἲ bias COV 0.30 ᘓ⠏ᇶ‽(1988) Boussinesqᙎᛶゎ Steinbrennerᘧͤ2 (1.26) (0.35) 㐨♧(2002) ᙎᛶᗋୖ䛾ᱱͤ1 (ኚἲ) 1.22 0.33 0.10 ʊ ʊ ௬タᵓ㐀≀ᣦ㔪(1999) ᙎረᛶἲͤ3 ʊ 1.08 䡬ᨭᣢຊබᘧ䛿䠈ᆅ┙᮲௳䠈タィᐃᩘ䛾タᐃ᪉ἲ䠈ᖹᯈ㍕Ⲵヨ㦂䛾ᇶ♏ᖜ➼䛾ᙳ㡪䛻䜘䜚䠈bias䛜䛝䛟 ኚ䛩䜛䠊⢓ᛶᅵ䜢㝖䛔䛯䠈ᅜෆ᥎ዡ್䛸AASHTO䛸䛾Natural soil䛾䝰䝕䝹ㄗᕪ䛿ྠ⛬ᗘ (bias=0.85, COV=0.30⛬ᗘ) 䡬ᙎᛶỿୗィ⟬ᘧ䛿䠈Ꮿᆅ┒ᅵ䛻䛚䛡䜛ᖹᯈ㍕Ⲵヨ㦂䝕䞊䝍(Ⳣ(2001))䜢ゎᯒ䛧䠈 bias=1.2䠈COV=0.2-0.35⛬ᗘ䛸ᐃ䛥䜜䛯䠊 0.63 ʊ ὸ䛔ᇶ♏ ┤᥋ᇶ♏ ᨭᣢຊ (ᨭᣢຊබᘧ) 0.67 ͤ1䠖ᅵᮌ◊✲ᡤ(ᒸཎ(1990)䠈Kohno et al.(2009)䠈୰㇂(2009))䛜ᐇ䛧䛯⤫ィゎᯒ⤖ᯝ ͤ2䠖Ⳣཎ(2001)䛾Ꮿᆅ┒ᅵ䛾㍕Ⲵヨ㦂䛻䛚䛡䜛ኚィ ್䛸タィィ⟬䛾ㄗᕪゎᯒ䠈䛒䜛1ᆅⅬ䛾⤖ ᯝ䛛䜙ィ⟬䛧䛯್䛷䛒䜚ཧ⪃್䛸䛩䜛䠊 ͤ3䠖୰䛾୍㐃䛾◊✲(ᒾ⏣(2007)䠈Nakai(2007)䠈ຍ⸨(2010))䛾ᶍᆺᐇ㦂䛸タィィ⟬䛾ㄗᕪゎᯒ ᙎᛶኚᙧ䠈ỿୗ AASHTO Kohnoetal.(2009) Gravel䐟 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10) 11) Sand䐠 Siltandclay Siltandclay Softrock䐡 䐟+䐠+䐡䠄recommended䠅 Naturalsoil Controlledsoil Alldata 6.9 Paikowsky etal. (2010) AASHTO Ⳣ (2001) 0 1 2 3 ィ ್ 䠋 ィ⟬್ (㼼1ı䠈COV䛾⠊ᅖ) 4 49 50 䝰䝕䝹ㄗᕪ୍ぴ⾲ • ᮺᇶ♏䛾䝰䝕䝹ㄗᕪ(㖄┤orỈᖹ㍕Ⲵヨ㦂vsタィᘧ) 䡬ᢲ㎸䜏ᨭᣢຊ(TIP+SIDE)䛿䠈ሙᡤᡴ䛱ᮺ(CCP)䠈㗰⟶ᮺ(SPP)䛷ᴫ䛽ྠ⛬ᗘ䛾ㄗᕪ䜢᭷䛩䜛䠊 (bias=0.9-1.0⛬ᗘ, COV=0.32-0.33⛬ᗘ) 䡬Ỉᖹ䝞䝛(kH)䛿䠈䛝䛺೫ᕪ䛸ኚືᖜ䜢᭷䛩䜛䠊 kH䠖bias=1.22, COV=0.63(Sand)䠈kH䠖bias=3.66, COV=0.93(Clay) 䡬㖄┤䝞䝛(KV)䛿䠈ᮺ✀㛫䛾ᕪ␗䛜䛝䛔䛜䠈bias=0.73-0.91, COV=0.31-0.56⛬ᗘ䛷䛒䜛䠊 ᢲ䛧㎸䜏ᨭᣢຊ (TIP) ᢲ䛧㎸䜏ᨭᣢຊ (SIDE) ῝䛔ᇶ♏ ᮺᇶ♏ ᢲ䛧㎸䜏ᨭᣢຊ (TIP+SIDE) Ỉᖹ kH 㖄┤ KV AASHTO ) 12) 13) 14) 15) 16) 17) 18) 19) 20) 21) 22) 23) 24) CCP SPP CCP SPP CCP SPP COVҸ0.50 COVҸ0.40 ᒸཎ (1991)䠈 Honjo etal.(2002) COVҸ0.30 Sand Clay Mixed ᆺⓗ䛺ᆅ┙ᵓ㐀≀䛾タィ㢟 タィ䜢ᨭ㓄䛧䛶䛔䜛☜ᐇᛶ䛾ᩚ⌮ ୰㇂ (2009) Paikowsky etal. (2004) AASHTO Sand Shirato et al.(2009) Clay 7.1 CCP SPP 0 ◊✲䛻ᇶ䛵䛟☜ᐇᛶᨭ㓄せᅉ䛾ᢳฟ ᒸཎ (1991)䠈 Honjo etal.(2002) ୰㇂(2009) Matsuo and 1 2 3 4 ィ ್ 䠋 ィ⟬್ (㼼1ı䠈COV䛾⠊ᅖ) 51 52 ┤᥋ᇶ♏䛾タィ(Ᏻᐃ䠖ᨭᣢຊ䠈ኚᙧ䠖ᙎᛶỿୗ) ◁㉁ᅵᆅ┙䛾┤᥋ᇶ♏ 䝁䞊䞁㈏ධヨ㦂(CPT)䛻䜘䜛ᆅ┙ㄪᰝ (4⟠ᡤ䠈᱁Ꮚ㓄⨨䠜12m) z 䛺タィ⏝ᆅ┙䝟䝷䝯䞊䝍 Ᏻᐃ䠖⢓╔ຊc䠈ኚᙧ䠖ኚᙧಀᩘE z z z z z z z ◁㉁ᅵᆅ┙䛻タ⨨䛥䜜䛯ᮺᇶ♏(ሙᡤᡴ䛱ᮺ) ᶆ‽㈏ධヨ㦂(SPT)䛻䜘䜛ᆅ┙ㄪᰝ(4ᆅⅬ䠈ㄪᰝ㛫㝸䠜36m) 3⟠ᡤ䛷㍕Ⲵヨ㦂䛜ᐇ䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊 N್䜢タィィ⟬䛻┤᥋⏝䛔䜛䠊 ᮺ䛾Ỉᖹ᪉ྥ䛾ᙎᛶ㝈⏺್䛾☜ᐇᛶ䛜䛝䛔䠊 䕔Ỉᖹ᪉ྥᙎᛶ㝈⏺䠖ሙᡤᡴ䛱ᮺ䛾ሙྜ ᖹᆒ್(Sy/D)=1.3%䠈COV(Sy/D)=0.85 5@18m=90m 12m 22m SPT Bor1 Bor2 9.4m 2.4m CPT1 CPT2 Ac As1 1m Construction location Ls z(Depth) 6m y mu x GS (glacialoutwashsand) 8m As2 6m CPT3 CPT4 (a)ᖹ㠃ᅗ Rock (b)᩿㠃ᅗ Dg 10m P53 1.7m z Ἶᒾୖ䛾┤᥋ᇶ♏ ᶆ‽㈏ධヨ㦂(SPT)䛻䜘䜛ᆅ┙ㄪᰝ (2⟠ᡤ䠈㛫㝸22m) 䛺タィ⏝ᆅ┙䝟䝷䝯䞊䝍 Ᏻᐃ䠖⢓╔ຊc䠈ኚᙧ䠖ኚᙧಀᩘE 2.5m z (1) ◁㉁ᅵᆅ┙䛻タ⨨䛥䜜䛯ᮺᇶ♏䛾タィ (2) ETC10タィ㢟 (1) Ἶᒾୖ䛾ᶫྎᇶ♏ z ᮺᇶ♏䛾タィ(Ᏻᐃ䠖㖄┤ᨭᣢຊ䠈ኚᙧ䠖Ỉᖹኚ) ሙᡤᡴ䛱ᮺ L=18m ʔ1000n=4ᮏ SPT P54 SPT P55 P56 SPT P57 P58 SPT 53 ྛ☜ᐇᛶ䛾ᐤᗘ V MODEL Qu ୍㍈ᅽ⦰ヨ㦂䛻䜘䜚㠀Ỉ䛫䜣᩿ᙉᗘ䜢ィ (5ᆅⅬ㽢῝ᗘ᪉ྥ7⟠ᡤ䠈ㄪᰝ㛫㝸䠜40m) ReliabilityIndexɴ 20% 0% 1.0 LOAD (EQ) TRANS 2.5 1.0 (EQ) (4)DL/CPT/Sand ȕ= 1.5 0.9 Ᏻᐃ (5)DL/SPT/Rock TRANS f 㻿㼕㼐㼑 MODEL MODEL qd qd 㼀㼕㼜 ᮺᇶ♏ 䠄ᴟ㝈ᨭᣢຊ䠅 Tip Side MODEL MODEL SPA䠇 STA LOAD (EQ) (6)DL/SPT/Sand (7)EQ/SPT/Sand CriticalSlipCircle Ap 2.8 㼗㻴 5m ᮺᇶ♏ 䠄Ỉᖹኚ䠅 ┒ᅵ 䠄ᘼ䛩䜉䜚Ᏻ⋡䠅 Ᏻᐃ Vx Kv kH MODEL MODEL STA SPA䠇 STA SPA LOAD (EQ) (8)EQ/SPT/Sand (EQ) (9)DL/Soiltest/Clay 0.8 ȕ= 1.5 1.5m 3.8 (EQ) ኚᙧ 㻷㼢 Vz 1.4 Side Tip ȕ= 3.1 - 4.3 f 4.0 3.6 (3)EQ/SPT/Rock SPA+ STA TRANS ┤᥋ᇶ♏ 䠄ᙎᛶỿୗ䠅 V B 3.0 SPA+ STA ᆅ┙ㄪᰝᆅⅬ 8m 2.0 (2)DL/SPT/Rock TRANS ኚᙧ 0.0 (1)DL/CPT/Sand TRANS ┤᥋ᇶ♏ 䠄ᴟ㝈ᨭᣢຊ䠅 (2) ୍㍈ᅽ⦰ᙉᗘ䛜ィ 䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛㌾ᙅ⢓ᛶᅵᆅ┙ୖ䛾┒ᅵ z 40% ȕ= 3.1 - 4.3 Ᏻᐃ 60% ȕ= 3.1 - 4.3 ㌾ᙅ⢓ᛶᅵᆅ┙ୖ䛾┒ᅵ䛾⤊ᒁ㝈⏺≧ែ(Ᏻᐃၥ㢟) 100% 80% 1.7 CriticalSlipCircle Ƚ 55 MODEL TRANS STA SPA LOAD 56 ☜ᐇᛶᨭ㓄せᅉ䠄ᐤᗘ䠅䛾䜎䛸䜑 • ┤᥋ᇶ♏䠄Ᏻᐃ↷ᰝ䠈ᴟ㝈ᨭᣢຊ↷ᰝ䠅 N್䛛䜙c䠈䜈䛾ኚㄗᕪ䛸ᨭᣢຊ᥎ᐃᘧ䛾䝰䝕䝹ㄗᕪ䛜䛝䛺☜ᐇᛶせ ᅉ䠊䠄✵㛫ⓗ䝞䝷䝒䜻䛾ᙳ㡪䜔⤫ィⓗ᥎ᐃㄗᕪ䛿䛭䛾㝜䛻䛖䜒䜜䜛䠅 • ┤᥋ᇶ♏䠄ኚᙧ↷ᰝ䠈㖄┤ኚ↷ᰝ䠅 N್䛛䜙ᆅ┙ኚᙧಀᩘE䜈䛾ኚㄗᕪ䛜ᨭ㓄ⓗ䛷䛒䜛䠄せᅉ䛿䛭䛾㝜䛻䛖䜒䜜 䜛䠅 • ᮺᇶ♏䠄Ᏻᐃ↷ᰝ䠈ᴟ㝈ᨭᣢຊ↷ᰝ䠅 N್䛛䜙ᨭᣢຊ䜢┤᥋᥎ᐃ䛩䜛බᘧ䛻䛺䛳䛶䛔䜛䛯䜑䠈ඛ➃ᨭᣢຊ䠈࿘㠃ᦶ᧿ຊ 䛸䜒䛻䠈ᨭᣢຊ᥎ᐃ䛾䝰䝕䝹ㄗᕪ䛜ᨭ㓄ⓗ䛷䛒䜛䠊䛯䛰䛧䠈✵㛫ⓗ䝞䝷䝒䜻䛾ᙳ 㡪䜔⤫ィⓗ᥎ᐃㄗᕪ䜒୍ᐃ䛾ᐤ䛜䛒䜛䠊 • ᮺᇶ♏䠄ኚᙧ↷ᰝ䠈Ỉᖹኚ↷ᰝ䠅 N್䛛䜙ᆅ┙䝞䝛䠄≉䛻Ỉᖹᆅ┙ຊಀᩘ䠅䛾䝰䝕䝹ㄗᕪ䛜ᨭ㓄ⓗ䛷䛒䜛䠊䛯䛰 䛧䠈✵㛫ⓗ䝞䝷䝒䜻䛾ᙳ㡪䜔⤫ィⓗ᥎ᐃㄗᕪ䜒୍ᐃ䛾ᐤ䛜䛒䜛䠊 • ㌾ᙅᆅ┙ୖ䛾┒ᅵ䠄Ᏻᐃ↷ᰝ䠅 䝰䝕䝹ㄗᕪ䛜ᑠ䛥䛔䛯䜑䠈✵㛫ⓗ䝞䝷䝒䜻䛾ᙳ㡪䛸⤫ィⓗ᥎ᐃㄗᕪ䛜┦ᑐⓗ䛻 䛝䛟䛺䜛䠊䛣䜜䛿䠈ᆅ┙ᵓ㐀≀タィ䛾ᮏ᮶䛾ጼ䛷䛒䜛䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛䠊 ᩘ್ゎᯒ䜢⏝䛔䛯ಙ㢗ᛶゎᯒ ᾮ≧ᆅ┙ୖ䛾㛗Ỉ㊰15km䛾༴㝤ᗘゎᯒ ᆅ㟈䛚䜘䜃ὥỈ䝝䝄䞊䝗䜢⪃៖䛧䛯Ἑᕝሐ㜵20km䛾ಙ㢗ᛶゎᯒ 5.0 57 タᴫせ(2) ᆅ┙᮲௳ タᴫせ(1) ᵓ㐀᮲௳ z ὶୗ᪉ྥ z z ᑐ㇟Ỉ㊰ z ୗὶഃ䜋䛹 ᆅ㟈ືᙉ䛥䠗 58 ᘓタᖺ䠖50ᖺ௦ ⥲ᘏ㛗⣙12km ᮾᾏ䞉ᮾ༡ᾏᆅ㟈䛻䜘䜛⿕ ⅏䛜ᠱᛕ䛥䜜䜛ᆅᇦ z z ⾲ᒙ㒊䛻ᾮ≧ᠱᛕᒙ䠄⣙12mཌ䠅 ᶆ‽㈏ධヨ㦂䠄⦪᩿᪉ྥ n=32@400m䠅 9 Site-r1 9 Site-r3 : ῝ᗘ1m㛫㝸䛷N್ィ 䠄n=13䠅 : ῝ᗘ3m㛫㝸䛷N್ィ 䠄n=19䠅 ┒ᅵ䝍䜲䝥 ┒ᅵ䝍䜲䝥 ᇼ㎸䝍䜲䝥 ┒ᅵ䝍䜲䝥 Site-r3 Site-r1 N=13䠄◁㉁ᅵ䠅 z ᇼ㎸䝍䜲䝥 8m⛬ᗘ H:V = 1: 100 N=2䠄⢓ᛶᅵ䠅 㟈ኸ ͤ1STA=100m 59 60 タᴫせ(3)䠖ᆅ㟈ື≉ᛶ タᴫせ(4) 㝈⏺≧ែ • ᑐ㇟ᆅ㟈䠖ᮾᾏ䞉ᮾ༡ᾏ㐃ືᆺᆅ㟈䠄୰ኸ㜵⅏㆟䠅 • ⤯ᑐỿୗ㔞䠖60cm䠄ᖖ䛾䝣䝸䞊䝪䞊䝗 ͤἼᾉ䛺䛹䠅 • ┦ᑐኚ㔞䠖60cm䠄ᗏ∧䛾ཌ䛥䠅 ୖὶ㒊䠖᭱ຍ㏿ᗘ 135gal Longitudinal ഃ㠃ᅗsection Cross section ᩿㠃ᅗ Free board (before shaking) ୰ὶ㒊䠖᭱ຍ㏿ᗘ 175gal Over flow Over flow 㻝㻟㻡㼓㼍㼘 㻝㻣㻡㼓㼍㼘 㻞㻠㻝㼓㼍㼘 ୗὶ㒊䠖᭱ຍ㏿ᗘ 241gal Water leakage After shaking ᭱ຍ㏿ᗘ135gal䡚241gal䛻ศᕸ䠄䝇䝨䜽䝖䝹≉ᛶ䛿ᴫ䛽୍⮴䠅 ͤ⦪᩿᪉ྥ10m㛫㝸䛾䝉䜾䝯䞁䝖 ĺᆅ㟈䛻䛿⊂❧䛻ᣲື After shaking ͤ࿘㎶䛾Ẹᐙ䞉㎰ᆅ䜈⮬↛ὶୗ ĺỈ䜢⥔ᣢ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜㔜せ 61 62 ᆅ┙ゎᯒ䠖ゎᯒᡭἲ ᆅ┙ゎᯒ䠖せ⣲䝅䝭䝳䝺䞊䝅䝵䞁(1) • ゎᯒᡭἲ䠖2ḟඖ᭷ຠᛂຊゎᯒ䠄LIQCA) • ゎᯒ䝟䝷䝯䞊䝍 ᆅ┙≀ᛶ䝟䝷䝯䞊䝍 Bs1:◁䛾ᙎረᛶ䝰䝕䝹䠄⇱䠅 Ỉቃ⏺ グྕ STA 0 STA 50 STA 145 eo Ȝ 0.67 0.0033 0.76 0.0057 1.00 0.0046 0.00130 ึᮇ㛫㝽ẚ ᅽ⦰ᣦᩘ ț 0.00083 0.00140 Go/ı'm 790 630 600 ㏱Ỉಀᩘ (m/s) k 8.56E-05 1.43E-04 1.43E-04 ᐦᗘ (tf/m3) 䠯Ἴ㏿ᗘ (m/s) 䠬Ἴ㏿ᗘ (m/s) ኚ┦ᛂຊẚ ◚ቯᛂຊẚ ȡ Vs Vp Mm* M䡂* 1.90 204 405 0.908 1.157 1.80 187 371 0.908 1.122 1.80 183 362 0.908 1.050 ◳㛵ᩘ୰䛾䝟䝷䝯䞊䝍 Bo* 6800 6200 5400 ◳㛵ᩘ୰䛾䝟䝷䝯䞊䝍 * ⭾₶ᣦᩘ As1:◁䛾ᙎረᛶ䝰䝕䝹 ึᮇ䛫䜣᩿ಀᩘẚ ഃ㠃咏ఝ⮬⏤ᆅ┙ቃ⏺ ഃ㠃咏ఝ⮬⏤ᆅ┙ቃ⏺ As2:◁䛾ᙎረᛶ䝰䝕䝹 Ac1:R-O䝰䝕䝹 As3:R-O䝰䝕䝹 B1 ఝ㐣ᅽᐦẚ 䝎䜲䝺䜲䝍䞁䝅䞊ಀᩘ 䝎䜲䝺䜲䝍䞁䝅䞊ಀᩘ ᇶ‽䜂䛪䜏䠄ረᛶ䠅 ᇶ‽䜂䛪䜏䠄ᙎᛶ䠅 Ds:ᙎᛶ䝰䝕䝹 ᗏ㠃䠖ᅛᐃ䞉㠀Ỉ OCR* Do* n ȖrP* ȖrE* 72 80 80 1.1 0.7 7.0 0.0072 0.058 1.1 2.0 5.0 0.0066 0.030 1.1 2.0 5.0 0.0064 0.024 63 ᆅ┙ゎᯒ䠖せ⣲䝅䝭䝳䝺䞊䝅䝵䞁(3) -15 -10 -5 0 İa% 5 10 15 -5 0 İa% 5 10 15 60 40 0 2 ıdkN m -20 -40 60 40 20 0 2 ıdkN m -20 -40 Simulation Simulation STA145 ıdkN m 40 60 80 pckN m 2 100 120 0 -20 -40 Soil Test Soil Test 20 Simulation Simulation -60 0 2 20 40 40 2 -10 STA50 -60 60 60 Soil Test 0 -15 Simulation Simulation -60 2 0 -20 -40 -60 60 40 20 0 2 ıdkN m -20 -40 -60 Soil Test STA145 20 ıdkN m 20 0 Simulation Simulation STA0 20 60 ıdkN m 20 40 40 2 0 -20 -40 -60 60 20 0 -20 -40 -60 60 40 Soil Test Soil Test Soil Test Soil Test STA50 -40 200 -20 100 Simulation Simulation -40 50 STA0 STA145 2 ıdkN m 20 40 20 0 2 ıdkN m 10 Number of cycles -20 5 -40 2 STA50 2 ıdkN m 20 0 2 ıdkN m -20 -40 -60 Soil Test Soil Test STA145 -60 1 Simulation Simulation 40 STA50 60 STA0 STA50 STA145 20 ıdkN m 20 0 -40 60 -60 Soil Test Soil Test 40 0.3 0.2 0.1 Soil Test 0.0 Cyclic stress ratio 0.4 STA0 STA50 STA145 • ᭷ຠᛂຊ⤒㊰ STA0 -60 Simulation -20 0.5 2 ıdkN m 40 STA0 -20 60 60 • ᛂຊ䡬䜂䛪䜏㛵ಀ • ᾮ≧ᙉᗘ᭤⥺䛾䝣䜱䝑䝔䜱䞁䜾 -60 ᆅ┙ゎᯒ䠖せ⣲䝅䝭䝳䝺䞊䝅䝵䞁(2) 64 0 20 40 60 80 pckN m 2 100 120 65 66 タᴫせ(5) ┒ᅵ䝍䜲䝥䛾ᆅ㟈ᣲື 㻟㻜㻜 㻟㻜㻜 ຍ㏿ᗘ㻔㼏㼙㻛㼟㻕 Ἴᙧ⤊(100s) 㻞㻜㻜 ຍ㏿ᗘ㻔㼏㼙㻛㼟㻕 タᴫせ(6) ᥀㎸䜏䝍䜲䝥䛾ᆅ㟈ᣲື 㻝㻜㻜 㻜 1.2m 㻙㻝㻜㻜 㻙㻞㻜㻜 㻙㻟㻜㻜 Ἴᙧ⤊(100s) 㻞㻜㻜 㻝㻜㻜 0.60m 㻜 㻙㻝㻜㻜 㻙㻞㻜㻜 㻙㻟㻜㻜 㻜 㻞㻜 㻠㻜 㻢㻜 㻤㻜 㻝㻜㻜 㻝㻞㻜 㻜 㻞㻜 㻠㻜 㻢㻜 㼀㼕㼙㼑㻔㼟㼑㼏㻕 㻝㻜㻜 㻤㻜 㻝㻜㻜 㻝㻞㻜 㻝㻚㻜 㻝㻚㻜 㻜㻚㻡 㖄┤ኚ㻔㼙㻕 㖄┤ኚ㻔㼙㻕 㻤㻜 㼀㼕㼙㼑㻔㼟㼑㼏㻕 㻜㻚㻜 㻙㻜㻚㻡 㐣㛫㝽Ỉᅽᾘᩓ 㻙㻝㻚㻜 㻜 㻞㻜 㻠㻜 㻢㻜 㻤㻜 㻝㻜㻜 㻜㻚㻢 㻜㻚㻠 㻜㻚㻞 㐣㛫㝽Ỉᅽᾘᩓ 㻜㻚㻜 1.5m 㻙㻝㻚㻡 㻜㻚㻤 㻜 㻞㻜 㻠㻜 㻢㻜 0.45m 㻝㻞㻜 㼀㼕㼙㼑㻔㼟㼑㼏㻕 㻝㻞㻜 㼀㼕㼙㼑㻔㼟㼑㼏㻕 㻝㻚㻜 㖄┤ኚ㻔㼙㻕 㖄┤ኚ㻔㼙㻕 㻝㻚㻜 䝻䞁䜾䝇䝟䞁 㻜㻚㻡 㻜㻚㻜 㻙㻜㻚㻡 㻙㻝㻚㻜 㻙㻝㻚㻡 㻜 㻡㻜㻜 㻝㻜㻜㻜 㻝㻡㻜㻜 㻞㻜㻜㻜 㻞㻡㻜㻜 㻟㻜㻜㻜 㻟㻡㻜㻜 㼀㼕㼙㼑㻔㼟㼑㼏㻕 㻠㻜㻜㻜 㻠㻡㻜㻜 㻡㻜㻜㻜 䝻䞁䜾䝇䝟䞁 㻜㻚㻤 㻜㻚㻢 㻜㻚㻠 㻜㻚㻞 㻜㻚㻜 ͤ᭷ຠᛂຊືⓗFEMゎᯒ䠄LIQCA䠅 䛻䜘䜛ゎᯒ 㻜 㻡㻜㻜 㻝㻜㻜㻜 㻝㻡㻜㻜 㻞㻜㻜㻜 㻞㻡㻜㻜 㻟㻜㻜㻜 㻟㻡㻜㻜 㻠㻜㻜㻜 㻠㻡㻜㻜 㼀㼕㼙㼑㻔㼟㼑㼏㻕 㻡㻜㻜㻜 ͤ᭷ຠᛂຊືⓗFEMゎᯒ䠄LIQCA䠅 䛻䜘䜛ゎᯒ 67 68 ᛂ⟅᭤㠃䜢⏝䛔䛯ಙ㢗ᛶゎᯒ ᛂ⟅᭤㠃ἲ(Response Surface, RS) 䐠☜ᐇᛶゎᯒ ☜ᐇᛶゎᯒ X䛾☜ᐇᛶ 䛾ᐃ㔞 䞉☜ᐇᛶ䛻ᑐ䛩䜛 ᪤Ꮡ䛾▱㆑ 䞉䝕䞊䝍䞉䝧䞊䝇 ᆅ┙ゎᯒ 䐟ᆅ┙ゎᯒ ⟅್ y 䛸ᇶᮏኚᩘ x ㏆ఝ䛧䛯㛵ᩘ • 㝈⏺≧ែ㏆䜢⢭ᗘⰋ䛟㏆ఝ䛷䛝䜛㛵ᩘ䜢⟬ᐃ ⤫ ィ ゎ ᯒ ᇶᮏኚᩘ 䞉ᆅ┙タィ䝒䞊䝹 Y=F(X) 䞉ᕤᏛⓗุ᩿ • ᩘ್ᐇ㦂(䝟䝷䝯䝖䝸䝑䜽䝇䝍䝕䜱)䛻䜘䜚䠈ᑐ㇟⌧ሙ䛻䛚䛡䜛ᛂ X䛻㛵䛩䜛 ᩘ䛾Ⓨ⏕ 1.2m ಙ㢗ᛶゎᯒ 䠄MCS) y䛾☜ᐇᛶホ౯䠖 EX. P(Y>Y*䠅䠙Pf ᆅ ┙ ゎ ᯒ ᵓ㐀≀䛾ᛂ⟅䠖Y 䠄ᵓ㐀≀䛾ᛶ⬟䠅 ᛂ⟅᭤㠃 䛻䜘䜛㏆ఝ yF(X) ኚᙧ㔞 ゎ ᯒ ᮲ ௳ 䜢 ኚ ᭦ 1.0m ไ㝈್ 㻩㻢㻜㼏㼙 0.8m 㻲㼍㼕㼘㼡㼞㼑 ኚᙧ䜢ᨭ㓄䛩䜛ᣦᶆ ಙ㢗ᛶゎᯒ 䐡ಙ㢗ᛶゎᯒ • ᑐ㇟⌧ሙ䛾㝈⏺≧ែ㏆䛻㝈ᐃ䛧䛶ά⏝䛷䛝䜛㏆ఝᘧ 69 ௦⾲᩿㠃䛾ᆅ┙ゎᯒ ᛂ⟅᭤㠃䜢⏝䛔䛯ಙ㢗ᛶゎᯒ䠖ᆅ┙ゎᯒ 䐠☜ᐇᛶゎᯒ ☜ᐇᛶゎᯒ 䞉☜ᐇᛶ䛻ᑐ䛩䜛 ᪤Ꮡ䛾▱㆑ 䞉䝕䞊䝍䞉䝧䞊䝇 • ᆅ┙ゎᯒ䠖 ᭷ຠᛂຊືⓗFEMゎᯒ䠄LIQCA䠅 X䛻㛵䛩䜛 ᩘ䛾Ⓨ⏕ X䛾☜ᐇᛶ 䛾ᐃ㔞 ⤫ ィ ゎ ᯒ • 䝟䝷䝯䞊䝍䠖 ಙ㢗ᛶゎᯒ 䠄MCS) ᇶᮏኚᩘ y䛾☜ᐇᛶホ౯䠖 EX. P(Y>Y*䠅䠙Pf ᆅ ┙ ゎ ᯒ 䞉ᆅ┙タィ䝒䞊䝹 Y=F(X) 䞉ᕤᏛⓗุ᩿ ᾮ≧ᠱᛕᒙ䛾ᒙཌ䠈ᾮ≧ᙉᗘ 䠈ᆅ㟈ືᙉ䛥 • ゎᯒ䜿䞊䝇䠖 ┒ᅵ䝍䜲䝥䠈᥀㎸䜏䝍䜲䝥 䛭䜜䛮䜜11䜿䞊䝇 ᛂ⟅᭤㠃 䛻䜘䜛㏆ఝ yF(X) ᵓ㐀≀䛾ᛂ⟅䠖Y 䠄ᵓ㐀≀䛾ᛶ⬟䠅 ᆅ┙ゎᯒ 䐟ᆅ┙ゎᯒ 70 㖄┤ኚ(cm) ᆅ㟈ືᙉ䛥 Case ᒙཌ (m) Sn್ RL20 Acc 䠄gal䠅 (kN/m2) ┒ᅵ ᥀㎸ 47 1 12 0.25 -0.25 175 16.0 -76 2 12 0.29 -0.51 175 16.0 -31 29 3 12 0.21 -0.14 175 16.0 -115 49 4 10 0.25 -0.40 175 16.0 -57 37 5 10 0.29 -0.58 175 16.0 -20 27 6 10 0.21 -0.47 175 16.0 -40 26 7 12 0.25 -0.25 135 12.0 -20 30 8 12 0.25 -0.25 150 14.0 -47 32 9 12 0.25 -0.25 200 16.5 -101 42 10 12 0.25 -0.25 220 17.0 -106 46 11 12 0.25 -0.25 241 17.2 -110 57 ಙ㢗ᛶゎᯒ 䐡ಙ㢗ᛶゎᯒ 71 ᛂ⟅᭤㠃䛻⏝䛔䜛ᆅ┙䝟䝷䝯䞊䝍 72 ᛂ⟅᭤㠃䛻⏝䛔䜛ᆅ┙䝟䝷䝯䞊䝍 20 Sn ࠉ ࠉ 0.264 ¦ exp(0.04N1 ( x))㺃exp(0.24x) 0.885 ῝䛥䛻ᛂ䛨䛯㔜䜏 N್ Sn ࠉ ࠉ 0.264䠄ᑠ䛥䛔䜋䛹䜘䜚䛝䛔䠅 0.885 ¦ exp 0.04N1 ( x) 0.24x 䠄ᆅ⾲㏆䛷䛝䛔䠅 20 > @ x 1.0 x 1.0 x 1.0 N1 䝟䝷䝯䞊䝍䜢㞟⣙䛧䛯䜘䛖 䛺ᣦᶆ䜢⏝䛔䜛䛾䛜Ⰻ䛔 N1(x)䠖ıv’=100kN/m2┦ᙜ䛻⟬䛧䛯N್ 䡔䠖῝ᗘ(m) • N1್䛾῝ᗘ᪉ྥ䛾㔜䜏䛝✚ศ್䠄N್䛾䜏䛷Ỵᐃ䠅 • ⾲ᒙ㒊ศ䠄20m௨ୖὸ䠅䛾㌾ᙅ䛥䜢⾲䛩ᣦᶆ • N್䠈ᒙཌ䠈῝ᗘ䜢⪃៖ эN್䛜ᑠ䛥䛔䜋䛹䠈ᒙཌ䛜ཌ䛔䜋䛹䠈ὸ䛔⨨䛾䜋䛹䛝䛔㔜䜏 䠄್䠅䜢♧䛩 0 Depth X (m) 20 ࠉࠉ0.264 ¦ exp(0.04N1 ( x))㺃exp(0.24x) 0.885 10 20 30 Weight exp(-0.24X) exp(-0.04N1) 40 50 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 4 4 4 6 6 8 8 10 10 10 12 12 12 14 14 14 㽢 6 8 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 = Sn್ • N್䠈ᒙཌ䠈῝ᗘ䠄㔜䜏䠅䜢⪃៖䛧䛯⾲ᒙᆅ┙䛾㌾ᙅ䛥ᣦᶆ䠄N್䛾䜏䛷⟬ᐃ䠅 эN್䛜ᑠ䛥䛔䜋䛹䠈ᒙཌ䛜ཌ䛔䜋䛹䠈ὸ䛔⨨䛾䜋䛹䛝䛔㔜䜏䠄್䠅䜢♧䛩 䠄⾲ᒙᆅ┙䛾㌾ᙅ䛥ᣦᶆ䠅 74 73 ᛂ⟅᭤㠃 ᛂ⟅᭤㠃䜢⏝䛔䛯ಙ㢗ᛶゎᯒ䠖☜ᐇᛶゎᯒ ̺220䞉Sn - 17.9䞉IJ䠇144 • D embk= • D embd =̺53.9䞉Sn + 3.5䞉IJ̺0.6 ┒ᅵ䝍䜲䝥 ᇼ㎸䝍䜲䝥 䐠☜ᐇᛶゎᯒ ☜ᐇᛶゎᯒ -0.7 -0.5 -0.3 0 -0.1 0.0 ᆅ ┙ ゎ ᯒ 䞉ᆅ┙タィ䝒䞊䝹 Y=F(X) 䞉ᕤᏛⓗุ᩿ 10 12 14 16 18 ᆅ┙ゎᯒ 䐟ᆅ┙ゎᯒ ShearStressWkN m 2 Sn value ᛂ⟅᭤㠃 䛻䜘䜛㏆ఝ yF(X) ᵓ㐀≀䛾ᛂ⟅䠖Y 䠄ᵓ㐀≀䛾ᛶ⬟䠅 20 y䛾☜ᐇᛶホ౯䠖 EX. P(Y>Y*䠅䠙Pf ಙ㢗ᛶゎᯒ 䠄MCS) ᇶᮏኚᩘ -100 Vertical Displacement(cm) ไ㝈್ ⤫ ィ ゎ ᯒ 䞉☜ᐇᛶ䛻ᑐ䛩䜛 ᪤Ꮡ䛾▱㆑ 䞉䝕䞊䝍䞉䝧䞊䝇 -150 0 -50 -100 -150 Vertical Displacement(cm) ไ㝈್ Sn =-0.34 -50 䕔┒ᅵ䝍䜲䝥䛾ᛂ⟅ᒁ㠃䛾⢭ᗘ IJ =16kN/m2 X䛻㛵䛩䜛 ᩘ䛾Ⓨ⏕ X䛾☜ᐇᛶ 䛾ᐃ㔞 ಙ㢗ᛶゎᯒ 䐡ಙ㢗ᛶゎᯒ 75 76 Sn್䛾୍⯡᥎ᐃ(1)䠗ㄪᰝ⨨䜢⪃៖䛧䛺䛔 Sn್䛾୍⯡᥎ᐃ(1)䠗ㄪᰝ⨨䜢⪃៖䛧䛺䛔 ✵㛫ⓗ䝞䝷䝒䜻䛾䝰䝕䝹 䠄☜⋡ሙ䠅 э MCS䛻䜘䜚Sn್᥎ᐃ ✵㛫ⓗ䝞䝷䝒䜻䛾䝰䝕䝹 䠄☜⋡ሙ䠅 э MCS䛻䜘䜚Sn್᥎ᐃ • N1್䛾✵㛫ⓗ䝞䝷䝒䜻䛾䝰䝕䝹 䝷䞁䝎䝮ኚᩘ䛾䝰䝕䝹 䝰䝕䝹䠖ᣦᩘ㛵ᩘ ⮬ᕫ┦㛵㊥㞳䠖0.86m䠄㖄┤᪉ྥ䠅 7.39 1615 4 6.69 1569 -40 -20 0 Residual ṧᕪ 12 3ḟ㛵ᩘ 0.30 6.65 1 ȡ䠄ǻX)䠙exp(-ǻX/0.86) ǻXẖ䛾ᖹᆒ್ -2 0.00 6 0.29 0 0.13 -1 AIC auto-correlation coefficient 0.06 r.s.e 2 R2 10 8 2ḟ㛵ᩘ 20 40 0 1 2 3 4 5 ǻX(m) 1571 ͤỈᖹ᪉ྥ䠖ᆅ┙ㄪᰝ㛫㝸(400m⛬ᗘ䠅䛻ẚ䜉䛶ᴟ䜑䛶ᑠ䛥䛔 э ⊂❧䛻ྠ୍䛺䝃䞁䝥䝸䞁䜾 14 Depth(m) 1ḟ㛵ᩘ Mean=0.0 Sd=6.65 COV=0.50 0.04 n=236 n=236 Density 0 䝰䝕䝹㑅ᢥ 0.02 䝷䞁䝎䝮 İ(X) 䝖䝺䞁䝗 t(X) 2 ݕሺࢄሻ ൌ ݐሺࢄሻ ߝሺࢄሻ 0 10 20 N1-value 30 40 -40 -20 0 Residual 20 40 77 3 Sn್䛾⮬ᕫ┦㛵ศᯒ э ⮬ᕫ┦㛵㊥㞳ș=150m 2 General Estimate ୍⯡᥎ᐃ 5 4 3 Density Embankment Box 0.0 Local Est.凚±ı凛 1 -0.2 Stastistical Estimate General Est.(±ı凛 FEM Model error Model error mean=1.0 sd=0.24. sd=0.24 mean=1.0 0 ᒁᡤ᥎ᐃ Local Estimate Density ǻX ǻX(m) 6 4 1000 3 800 2 600 1 400 Residual Displacement(EX.) Residual Displacement (Ex.) -0.8 200 -0.4 -0.6 0 Investigation Site Site-r1 Site-r3 g n=17 2 1 0 ǻX=50mẖ䛾ᖹᆒ್ Ỉᖹ᪉ྥ䛾᮲௳䛝䝅䝭䝳䝺䞊䝅䝵䞁䠄௵ពᆅⅬ䛾Sn್䠅 Sn-value 㢮ఝᵓ㐀≀䠄┒ᅵ䠈ᆅ୰ᵓ㐀≀➼䠅䛾ᶍᆺᐇ㦂䝤䝷䜲䞁䝗ゎ ᯒ䠄ᐇ㦂๓ゎᯒ䠅䜢㞟ᩚ⌮䠄17䠅 ȡ(ǻX)=exp(-ǻX/150) -1 9 Ỉᖹ᪉ྥ䛾᮲௳䛝䝅䝭䝳䝺䞊䝅䝵䞁 -2 auto-correlationcoefficient coefficient Auto-Correlation 9 Sn್䛾⮬ᕫ┦㛵䛾᥎ᐃ • ᆅ┙ゎᯒ䠄FEMゎᯒ䠅 -3 • STEP2 ☜ᐇᛶゎᯒ(2)䠖䝰䝕䝹ㄗᕪ(FEM) 0 Sn್䛾ᒁᡤ᥎ᐃ(2) 78 0 40 60 80 100 120 1 2 3 4 0.4 140 0.6 Residual Displacement(NUM.) Residual Displacement (Num.) STA 0.8 1.0 1.2 79 ᛂ⟅᭤㠃䜢⏝䛔䛯ಙ㢗ᛶゎᯒ䠖ಙ㢗ᛶホ౯ 䐠☜ᐇᛶゎᯒ ☜ᐇᛶゎᯒ X䛾☜ᐇᛶ 䛾ᐃ㔞 䞉☜ᐇᛶ䛻ᑐ䛩䜛 ᪤Ꮡ䛾▱㆑ 䞉䝕䞊䝍䞉䝧䞊䝇 ᇶᮏኚᩘ 䞉ᆅ┙タィ䝒䞊䝹 Y=F(X) 䞉ᕤᏛⓗุ᩿ ᆅ┙ゎᯒ 䐟ᆅ┙ゎᯒ ಙ㢗ᛶゎᯒ 䠄MCS) y䛾☜ᐇᛶホ౯䠖 EX. P(Y>Y*䠅䠙Pf ᆅ ┙ ゎ ᯒ ᵓ㐀≀䛾ᛂ⟅䠖Y 䠄ᵓ㐀≀䛾ᛶ⬟䠅 ᛂ⟅᭤㠃 䛻䜘䜛㏆ఝ yF(X) ಙ㢗ᛶホ౯䠖RS䜢⏝䛔䛯䝰䞁䝔䜹䝹䝻䝅 䝭䝳䝺䞊䝅䝵䞁䠄MCS) ̺220䞉Sn - 17.9䞉IJ䠇144 䠅䞉įFEM䞉įRS • D embd =䠄̺53.9䞉Sn + 3.5䞉IJ̺0.6 䠅䞉įFEM䞉įRS ⤫ ィ ゎ ᯒ 1.6 80 •D X䛻㛵䛩䜛 ᩘ䛾Ⓨ⏕ 1.4 EX. / Num. Ex䠊/ Num. embk=䠄 ┒ᅵ䝍䜲䝥 ᇼ㎸䝍䜲䝥 ᇶᮏኚᩘ グྕ ᖹᆒ್ ᶆ‽೫ᕪ ศᕸ Sn್ Sn -0.34ͤ1) 0.85ͤ1) ṇつศᕸ ᆅ㟈䛫䜣᩿ᛂຊ IJ [12-17.5] 0 ☜ᐃ್ 䝰䝕䝹ㄗᕪ(FEM) įFEM 1.0 0.24 ṇつศᕸ 䝰䝕䝹ㄗᕪ䠄RS䠅 įRS 1.0 0.14ͤ2) (0.10) ͤ3) ṇつศᕸ ಙ㢗ᛶゎᯒ 䐡ಙ㢗ᛶゎᯒ ͤ1)୍⯡᥎ᐃ䛾್ 2)┒ᅵ䝍䜲䝥 3)᥀㎸䜏䝍䜲䝥 82 81 ಙ㢗ᛶホ౯䠖RS䜢⏝䛔䛯䝰䞁䝔䜹䝹䝻䝅 䝭䝳䝺䞊䝅䝵䞁䠄MCS) ಙ㢗ᛶホ౯䠖RS䜢⏝䛔䛯䝰䞁䝔䜹䝹䝻䝅 䝭䝳䝺䞊䝅䝵䞁䠄MCS) • ኚᙧᅗ䠄ᖹᆒ್䠅 • ኚᙧ㔞䛸㉸㐣☜⋡䠄ไ㝈್䠗⤯ᑐỿୗ㔞60cm) 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 -0.5 -1 ᇼ㎸䝍䜲䝥 Embd. type 㖄┤ኚ A 90 ᇼ㎸䝍䜲䝥 Embd. type Siphon 130 A’ 150 STA 50 70 90 110 130 A’ 150 STA Leakage r1 r3 r1 r3 r3r3 r1 r3 r3 r3 r3 r1 r3r3r3 r1 r3 r3 r3 r3 r3 r3 0 -50 ୍⯡᥎ᐃ 60 80 100 120 140 General Local 1.0 0.6 0.8 Statistical Estimate ୍⯡᥎ᐃ General Estimate Local Estimate ᒁᡤ᥎ᐃ 40 60 80 ͤ10mẖ䛻MCS䜢ᐇ䛧ኚᙧ㔞䜢᥎ᐃ э Ỉ㊰య䜢㐃⥆ⓗ䛻ホ౯ 100 120 140 STA 84 83 Reliability analysis results Reliability analysis results • It is easy to calculate whole channel deformation scenarios • It is easy to calculate the whole channel deformation based on the numerical analysis Sn-value scenarios based on the numerical analysis Sn-value 3.5 Cross section View Side View䠗deformation 3 2.5 Side View䠗deformation of 50m-fluems Top of the channel (Before shaking) Top of the channel (Before shaking) Water Level in the channel Over flow Leakage 0.5 0 Elevation Elevation 2 1.5 1 Water Level in the channel -0.5 Basement of channel -1 30 50 r1 r3 General Estimate 0.0 Over flow Failure Probability Water level 30 r1 r3 r3 A-A’ section Top of Channel (before shaking) ͤNote General Local ㉸㐣☜⋡40 A Siphon r3 Local Estimate ᒁᡤ᥎ᐃ Statistical Estimate 0.4 Local Estimate 110 -100 70 Vertical Displacement (cm) 50 r3 r3 50 r3 r3 -150 Water level ᒁᡤ᥎ᐃ Elevation(m) Siphon A-A’ section 30 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 -0.5 -1 Siphon Top of Channel (before shaking) 0.2 Elevation(m) General ୍⯡᥎ᐃ Estimate 70 Basement of channel 90 Location 110 130 150 Location 85 86 Reliability analysis results ಙ㢗ᛶホ౯䠖ྛ☜ᐇᛶ䛾ᐤ⋡(2) • It is easy to calculate the whole channel deformation • ☜ᐇᛶ䛾ᐤ⋡䠄ᒁᡤ᥎ᐃ䛾ሙྜ䠅 scenarios based on the numerical analysis r3 r1 r3 r3 r1 r3 r1 r3 r3r3 r1 r3 r3 r3 r3 r1 r3r3r3 r1 r3 r3 r3 r3 r3 r3 r1 r3 50 r3 r3 0 1.0 -150 -100 -50 +ı -ı ㉸㐣☜⋡ 0.4 Superimposing of some calculated deformations 0.2 Side View䠗deformation of 50m-fluems Pf 0.6 0.8 Sn-value Vertical Displacement (cm) r3 r3 㖄┤ኚ 2 ı Sn-value 56 60 63 FEM 200 Basement of channel ☜ᐇᛶᐤྜ 400 600 800 Elevation 0.0 Top of the channel (Before shaking) 0 RS 40 60 80 100 120 140 STA Location 87 88 Ἑᕝሐ㜵䛾ᾐ㏱䛻క䛖⿕⅏ᙧែ 䛾䜚䛩䜉䜚䠖 ᾐ㏱䛻క䛖ᙉᗘపୗ䛜ᘬ䛝㉳䛣䛩䠈䛩䜉䜚◚ቯ䠊 ᩘ್ゎᯒ䜢⏝䛔䛯ಙ㢗ᛶゎᯒ 䝟䜲䝢䞁䜾䠖 ᾐ㏱◚ቯ䛻䜘䜚䠈Ỉ䜏䛱䛜ᙧᡂ䛥䜜䠈 ሐ㜵䛾Ᏻᐃᛶ䜢ᦆ䛺䛖䠊 ᾮ≧ᆅ┙ୖ䛾㛗Ỉ㊰15km䛾༴㝤ᗘゎᯒ ᆅ㟈䛚䜘䜃ὥỈ䝝䝄䞊䝗䜢⪃៖䛧䛯Ἑᕝሐ㜵20km䛾ಙ㢗ᛶゎᯒ ⌧⾜䛾ᾐ㏱Ᏻᐃᛶ↷ᰝ ᪤ ↷ᰝ䛻䛶せᑐ⟇䛸ุ᩿䛥䜜䛯⿕⅏ཎᅉ䛾䛖䛱 98.0%䛜ୖグ䛔䛪䜜䛛䛾⿕⅏ᙧែ䠊 せᑐ⟇ ⌧⾜↷ᰝἲ䛾ㄢ㢟 య䛾⣙4䛜せᑐ⟇䛸ุ᩿䛥䜜䛯䠊 эᑐ⟇ඃඛ㡰䛾Ỵᐃ䛜ᅔ㞴䠊 ᅜᅵ㏻┬┤㎄୍⣭Ἑᕝሐ㜵䛾⥲ᘏ㛗⣙1km୰䛾ヲ⣽Ⅼ᳨⤖ᯝͤ 89 90 Ἑᕝሐ㜵䛾⌧⾜↷ᰝἲ䛸ㄢ㢟 ◊✲䛾᪉ἲ ᾐ㏱ὶゎᯒ ᛂ⟅᭤㠃ἲ䠖 䇾㝈⏺≧ែ (Ᏻ⋡Fs=1.0)㏆䇿䛷 ⢭ᗘ䜘䛟ᆅ┙ゎᯒ䜢⌧䛩䜛㏆ఝ㛵ᩘ䇾ᛂ⟅᭤㠃䇿䜢⏝䛔䜛᪉ἲ ᆅ┙ゎᯒ ᘼ䛩䜉䜚Ᏻᐃゎᯒ Fs=1.05 ᛂ⟅᭤㠃సᡂ䛾䛯䜑䛻ᚲせ䛺ሗ 9 ሐ㜵䛾ᾐ㏱Ᏻᐃᛶ䛻ᐤ䛩䜛せ⣲䛾ᢳฟ 9 㝈⏺≧ែ䛻䛚䛡䜛ྛせ⣲v.sᏳ⋡䛾㛵ಀ(ឤᗘ) ᛂ⟅್ ᛂ⟅᭤㠃 9 ᙉᗘ䞉㏱Ỉಀᩘ䛿ᾐ㏱Ᏻᐃᛶ䜢Ỵᐃ䛩䜛 㔜せ䛺せ⣲䛷䛒䜛䛣䛸䛜ண䛥䜜䜛䠊 9 ᩿㠃ᙧ≧䜒Ᏻᐃᛶ䜢ᨭ㓄䛩䜛 㔜せ䛺せ⣲䛷䛒䜛䛸ண䛥䜜䜛䠊200m䝢䝑䝏䛻 ⾜䜟䜜䛶䛔䜛 㔞ㄪᰝ䛾ሗ䜢ㄝ᫂ኚᩘ䛻 ⤌䜏㎸䜐䛣䛸䛷䇾ᐦ䛺䇿༴㝤ᗘホ౯䛜ྍ⬟䛸䛺䜛 せᑐ⟇ Fs RS Fs=1.0 parameter NEXT э ᾐ㏱Ᏻᐃᛶ䛻ᐤ䛩䜛せ⣲䛾ᢳฟ 91 92 ᾐ㏱Ᏻᐃᛶ䛻ᐤ䛩䜛せ⣲䠖≀ᛶ್ ᾐ㏱Ᏻᐃᛶ䛻ᐤ䛩䜛せ⣲䛾ೃ⿵䠖᩿㠃ᙧ≧せ⣲ Ἑᕝሐ㜵᩿㠃ᙧ≧䛾ᵓᡂせ⣲ 400 ᆅ┙≀ᛶ್䛾ᩚ⌮䠖ᑐ㇟༊㛫䛷⾜䜟䜜䛯䛶䛾ヨ㦂⤖ᯝ䜢⏝䛔䛶䝰䝕䝹䛩䜛䠊 䛫䜣᩿ᙉᗘ䛾⤫ィ㔞 ἲᑼ໙㓄 0.08 Density ᧦ቨ㧗 0.04 2 200 WkN m 0.00 100 n=54 0 ĭ’ 䠖 54䝕䞊䝍 ᖹᆒ್ 䠖36.0 ᶆ‽೫ᕪ 䠖4.1 COV 䠖0.11 300 0.12 Total <effect> 20 300 25 30 35 400 0.8 100 Hazen Creager Fukuda and Uno 0.6 Bs 䠖ἲᑼ໙㓄 0.2 Gradient of Toe 5 0.4 Density 60 40 20 50 1e-01 Grain diameter (mm) 1e+01 1 1e-03 0.0 0 P ercent finer logk 䠖 79䝕䞊䝍 ᖹᆒ್ 䠖-2.37 ᶆ‽೫ᕪ 䠖0.56 COV 䠖0.15 45 ᑐ㇟22km༊㛫䛻䛚䛔䛶200m䝢䝑䝏䛻⾜䜟䜜䛶䛔䜛 㔞ㄪᰝ䝕䞊䝍(688䝕䞊䝍)䛛䜙 ྛせ⣲䛾≀⌮㔞䜢 ᐃ䠊⤫ィ㔞䜢ᩚ⌮䛩䜛䠊 80 ㏱Ỉಀᩘ䛾⤫ィ㔞 40 Ic ĭ’ 2 4 200 VkN m 3 100 2 0 -8 -6 -4 -2 log k 0 2 5.0km 10.0km 15.0km ⦪᩿᪉ྥ(Ἑཱྀ䛛䜙䛾㊥㞳) 20.0km 93 94 ឤᗘศᯒ(ᐇ㦂ィ⏬ἲ䛻䜘䜛䜰䝥䝻䞊䝏) ᾐ㏱Ᏻᐃᛶ䛻ᐤ䛩䜛せ⣲(ೃ⿵)䛾⤫ィ㔞 ᳨ウせ⣲䠖ᙧ≧せ⣲(䠑せ⣲)䠈≀ᛶ್(䛫䜣᩿ᙉᗘ䠈㏱Ỉಀᩘ) Parameter ʔ' ke/kb ≀ᛶ್ ᖹᆒືỈ໙㓄 Į.hyd ἲᑼᖜ B.toe ᙧ≧せ⣲ ሐ㜵ᖜ B.all ᧦ቨ㧗 H.wal ឤᗘศᯒ 9 ྛ᳨ウせ⣲䛜ᖹᆒ್䛸䛺䜛᩿㠃䜢ᶆ‽᩿㠃䛸䛧䠈ឤᗘศᯒ䜢⾜䛖䠊 9 ゎᯒ᩿㠃䛿䠈ᑐ㇟Ἑᕝሐ㜵䛾ᅵᒙᵓᡂ(ሐయ䞉ᇶ♏ඹ䛻◁㉁ᅵయ)䜢⪃៖䛧䠈 ሐయ◁㉁ᅵᒙ(Bsᒙ)䞉ᇶ♏◁㉁ᅵᒙ(Ausᒙ)䛾2ᒙ䛛䜙䛺䜛᩿㠃 ᖹᆒ್ ᶆ‽೫ᕪ タᐃ᰿ᣐ 36.0 4.10 CUBヨ㦂(54䝕䞊䝍) 1.00 0.79 ⢏ᗘヨ㦂(79䝕䞊䝍) 0.16 0.07 㔞ㄪᰝ(688䝕䞊䝍) 8.19 5.36 㔞ㄪᰝ(688䝕䞊䝍) 26.36 7.08 㔞ㄪᰝ(688䝕䞊䝍) 1.19 0.69 㔞ㄪᰝ(688䝕䞊䝍) ゎᯒ᩿㠃 ἲᑼ໙㓄䛾ឤᗘ 95 96 ឤᗘศᯒ䐟 0 1 2.0 1.2 2 -2 -1 0 1 2 0.15 2.0 H.wal_Level Fs 0.10 1.2 Fs=1.0 0.8 Fs=1.0 -1 0 1 2 -2 -1 D.toe_Level 0 1 2 D.hyd_Level 2.0 0.05 -2 1.6 Fs 1.2 㻲㼟 㻝㻚㻠㻡 㻝㻚㻣㻞 㻝㻚㻟㻞 㻝㻚㻞㻞 㻝㻚㻝㻟 㻝㻚㻜㻥 㻝㻚㻜㻟 㻝㻚㻤㻡 㻝㻚㻠㻣 1 Fs=1.0 Fs=1.0 Ic 0.8 㻴㻚㼣㼍㼘㼘 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻜 0 1.6 2.0 1.6 Fs 1.2 㻮㻚㼍㼘㼘 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻜 0.8 㻮㻚㼠㼛㼑 㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻜 2.0 䃐㻚㼔㼥㼐 㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻜 -1 ke/kb_Level 1.6 䃐㻚㼠㼛㼑 㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻝 㻜 0.8 -2 Ic_Level Fs 㼗㼑㻛㼗㼎 㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻜 Fs 2 1.2 䃥 㻝 㻝 㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻜 Fs=1.0 0.8 -1 0.8 㻺㼛 㻝 㻞 㻟 㻠 㻡 㻢 㻣 㻤 㻥 1.6 2.0 1.6 Fs Fs=1.0 0.8 Fs=1.0 -2 0.00 䝟䝷䝯䞊䝍ᩘ: n = 7 ⤌䜏ྜ䜟䛫 : N = 27 = 128 ᐇ㝿䛾ゎᯒᩘ = 9 (┤⾜⾲䜢⏝䛔䛯ᐇ㦂ィ⏬ἲ) ᖹᆒ್࿘䜚(ᖹᆒ್䠈ᖹᆒ್㼼1ᶆ‽೫ᕪ) 1.2 1.2 Fs 1.6 2.0 STEP-1䠖ឤᗘゎᯒ -2 -1 0 B.toe_Level 1 2 -2 -1 0 B.all_Level 1 2 ke/kb D.toe D.hyd B.toe B.all H.wal ἲᑼ໙㓄 ἲᑼᖜ ሐ㜵ᖜ ᧦ቨ㧗 ᖹᆒືỈ໙㓄 ⥆䛔䛶…䛣䛾⤖ᯝ䜢ཧ⪃䛻㝈⏺≧ែ(Fs=1.0)㏆䛷ᗘឤᗘศᯒ䜢⾜䛖 䛶䛾せ⣲䛻䛚䛔䛶䠍ᶆ‽೫ᕪศ䠈䛺᮲௳䛾䝟䝍䞊䞁䜢୰ᚰ䛸䛧䠈 䛣䛾୰ᚰ್ᅇ䜚䛷ᆅ┙ゎᯒ䜢⾜䛖䠊 97 98 STEP-2䠖ᛂ⟅᭤㠃䛾ᑟฟ 㝈⏺≧ែ㏆䛾ឤᗘゎᯒ ឤᗘศᯒ䐠 1.4 1.2 1.4 Fs 1.0 1.2 -1 0 1 -2 2 㻞㻟 㼍㼎㼏㼑 㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻜 㻞㻠 㼐㼑 㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻜 㻞㻡 㼍㼐㼑 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻜 㻞㻢 㼎㼐㼑 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻜 㻞㻣 㼍㼎㼐㼑 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻜 㻞㻤 㼏㼐㼑 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻜 㻞㻥 㼍㼏㼐㼑 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻜 㻟㻜 㼎㼏㼐㼑 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻜 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻜 㻟㻝 㼍㼎㼏㼐㼑 㻲㼟 㻝 㻜㻚㻤㻠㻟 㻙㻝 㻜㻚㻤㻤㻥 㻙㻝 㻜㻚㻥㻠㻞 㻝 㻝㻚㻜㻞㻥 㻙㻝 㻜㻚㻥㻣㻠 㻝 㻝㻚㻝㻠㻠 㻝 㻝㻚㻝㻝㻥 㻙㻝 㻝㻚㻟㻟㻝 㻙㻝 㻝㻚㻜㻣㻝 㻝 㻝㻚㻜㻤㻢 㻝 㻝㻚㻝㻝㻡 㻙㻝 㻝㻚㻝㻢㻝 㻝 㻝㻚㻟㻤㻝 㻙㻝 㻝㻚㻠㻢㻠 㻙㻝 㻝㻚㻠㻣㻥 㻝 㻝㻚㻢㻡㻟 㻙㻝 㻜㻚㻢㻥㻣 㻝 㻜㻚㻣㻡㻤 㻝 㻜㻚㻣㻣㻟 㻙㻝 㻜㻚㻤㻢㻥 㻝 㻜㻚㻤㻣㻞 㻙㻝 㻝㻚㻜㻠㻣 㻙㻝 㻜㻚㻥㻥㻝 㻝 㻝㻚㻝㻥㻣 㻝 㻜㻚㻤㻤 㻙㻝 㻜㻚㻥㻝㻤 㻙㻝 㻜㻚㻥㻝㻠 㻝 㻜㻚㻥㻣㻣 㻙㻝 㻝㻚㻞㻞㻟 㻝 㻝㻚㻟㻞 㻝 㻝㻚㻞㻥㻤 㻙㻝 㻝㻚㻠㻤㻠 㻜 㻝㻚㻝㻠㻞 0.08 1.4 Fs=1.0 Fs=1.0 0.04 㻞㻞 㼎㼏㼑 㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻜 -2 -1 0 1 -2 2 -1 0 1 2 0.00 㻞㻝 㼍㼏㼑 㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻜 Fs 㻞㻜 㼏㼑 㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻜 1.0 㻝㻥 㼍㼎㼑 㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻜 0.8 㻝㻤 㼎㼑 㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻜 0.6 㻝㻣 㼍㼑 㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻜 H.wal_Level B.toe_Level 1.4 㻝㻢 㼑 㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻝 㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻝 㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻝 㻜 Ic 1.2 㻝㻡 㼍㼎㼏㼐 㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻝 㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻝 㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻜 Fs=1.0 Fs 㻝㻠 㼎㼏㼐 㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻝 㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻝 㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻝 㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻜 1.0 㻝㻟 㼍㼏㼐 㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻝 㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻝 㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻝 㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻝 㻜 ke/kb Fs=1.0 -2 -1 0 1 2 -2 -1 D.toe_Level 0 1 D.toe D.hyd B.toe H.wal ἲᑼ໙㓄 ἲᑼᖜ ᧦ቨ㧗 ᖹᆒືỈ໙㓄 0.8 㻝㻞 㼏㼐 㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻝 㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻜 2 0.6 㻝㻝 㼍㼎㼐 㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻝 㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻝 㻜 1 1.2 1.4 1.2 㻝㻜 㼎㼐 㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻝 㻜 Fs 㻥 㼍㼐 㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻜 1.0 㻤 㼐 㻝 㻝 㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻝 㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻝 㻝 㻝 㻝 㻝 㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻜 0.8 㻣 㼍㼎㼏 㻝 㻝 㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻝 㻝 㻝 㻝 㻝 㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻝 㻝 㻝 㻜 0.6 㻢 㼎㼏 㻝 㻝 㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻝 㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻝 㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻝 㻝 㻝 㻜 1.4 㻡 㼍㼏 㻝 㻝 㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻝 㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻝 㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻝 㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻜 1.2 㻠 㼏 㻝 㻝 㻝 㻝 㻝 㻝 㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻝 㻝 㻝 㻝 㻝 㻝 㻝 㻜 Fs 㻟 㼍㼎 㻝 㻝 㻝 㻝 㻝 㻝 㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻝 㻝 㻝 㻝 㻝 㻝 㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻜 1.0 㻞 㼎 㻝 㻝 㻝 㻝 㻝 㻝 㻝 㻝 㻝 㻝 㻝 㻝 㻝 㻝 㻝 㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻙㻝 㻜 0 ke/kb_Level Ic_Level 0.8 㼍 㻝 㻞 㻟 㻠 㻡 㻢 㻣 㻤 㻥 㻝㻜 㻝㻝 㻝㻞 㻝㻟 㻝㻠 㻝㻡 㻝㻢 㻝㻣 㻝㻤 㻝㻥 㻞㻜 㻞㻝 㻞㻞 㻞㻟 㻞㻠 㻞㻡 㻞㻢 㻞㻣 㻞㻤 㻞㻥 㻟㻜 㻟㻝 㻟㻞 㻟㻟 -1 0.12 0.6 0.6 -2 0.6 㻝 㻺㼛 Fs=1.0 0.8 Fs 1.0 Fs=1.0 0.8 䝟䝷䝯䞊䝍ᩘ : n = 31 (䜽䝻䝇㡯ྵ䜐) ⤌䜏ྜ䜟䛫 : N = 231 = 2㽢109 ᐇ㝿䛾ゎᯒᩘ = 33 (┤⾜⾲䜢⏝䛔䛯ᐇ㦂ィ⏬ἲ) 㝈⏺≧ែ㏆䛾ᆅ┙ศᯒ䛾⤖ᯝ 2 D.hyd_Level 䛣䛣䛷䛿䠈┦స⏝㡯䜢ྵ䜑䛯᳨ウせ⣲䛿35せ⣲䠈 49䝟䝍䞊䞁䛾ᆅ┙ゎᯒ䛾⤖ᯝ䜢⏝䛔䛶ᅇᖐศᯒ䜢⾜䛖䠊 99 18 ᛂ⟅᭤㠃䛾ᑟฟ᪉ἲ䛾ᥦ䠄ᾐ㏱Ᏻᐃᛶ䠅 z ᐇ㦂ィ⏬ἲ䛻ᇶ䛵䛟ྜ⌮ⓗ䛺ᛂ⟅᭤㠃䛾ᑟฟ䠄ᾐ㏱Ᏻᐃᛶホ౯䛾䠅 z 䛂ᾐ㏱ὶゎᯒ䠇ᘼ䛩䜉䜚ィ⟬䛃䛾㛵ᩘ㏆ఝ ሐ㜵ᖜ B.slp B.top 0.15 ᩳ㠃ᖜ ኳ➃ᖜ 0.10 H.all B.toe ሐ㜵㧗 2.2 1.9 1.2 case1 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 2.1 ȝ 3 4 5 3 1.7 2 3 4 2.2 2.3 5 ȝ 2.6 6 ἲ㠃໙㓄(1:n) Ҹ 1.8 ᧦ቨ㧗 䕔ᇶᮏゎᯒ䝰䝕䝹(ᛂ⟅᭤㠃ᑟฟ䛾䛯䜑䛾ឤᗘศᯒ䝰䝕䝹) 1.8 1.9 2 2.1 1 ሐ㜵ᖜ 1.4 1.5 1.6 2.4 6 Fs=1.0 1 1.2 1.3 ἲᑼᖜ 4 1.7 1.1 0 2 0.7 0.8 0.9 2 0.4 1.6 0.0 1.0 1.1 1.4 1.5 0.2 ᖹᆒືỈ໙㓄 0.8 Ͳ0.20 0.5 0.6 1 1.4 0.6 Ͳ0.15 kb䠖ᇶ♏ᆅ┙䛾㏱Ỉಀᩘ 1.2 1.3 ἲ㠃໙㓄(1:n) 0.6 Fs 1.2 1.0 0.8 R2=0.953 ı=0.054 Ͳ0.10 ke䠖ሐయ䛾㏱Ỉಀᩘ ĭ’=32㼻 ȝ Fs=1.0 1 tanĭ:ෆ㒊ᦶ᧿ゅ ᖹᆒືỈ໙㓄 ᖹᆒᑟỈ໙㓄 ἲᑼ໙㓄 Į.hyd H.wal ᧦ቨ㧗䛥 ᧦ቨ㧗(m) 1.6 ἲᑼ໙㓄 1 Fs=1䜎䜟䜚 Ͳ0.05 Į.toe 0.9 ᖹᆒ್䜎䜟䜚 0.00 ἲᑼᖜ 䕔ᛂ⟅᭤㠃 ĭ’=32㼻 ȝ ᙧ≧䠈ቃ⏺᮲௳䛾ᐤ䛜㧗䛔 0.05 ㏱Ỉಀᩘẚ 1.8 ᆅ┙ゎᯒ⤖ᯝ䛸ᛂ⟅᭤㠃᥎ᐃ್䛾ᑐᛂ㛵ಀ 䕔せ䝟䝷䝯䞊䝍䛾ᐤ(ಀᩘ) 0.20 B.all 䕔ゎᯒ䝟䝷䝯䞊䝍 䛫䜣᩿ᙉᗘ Generalized Response Surface Fs = 1.382 䠇 0.066 ĭ’ 䠖䛫䜣᩿ᙉᗘ – 0.030 log(ke/kb) – 0.080 Įhyd 䠖ሐෆỈ – 0.049 Hwal 䠖ሐ㜵ᙧ≧ 䠇 0.160 Įtoe 䠇 (0.125 Btoe 㽢 Hwal – 0.044 Įtoe 㽢 Hwal – 0.027 Įtoe 㽢Įhyd 101 102 ヲ⣽ゎᯒ(ヲ⣽ゎᯒ᩿㠃䛾୍) ヲ⣽ゎᯒ(ᑐ㇟ᆅⅬ䛾ᛂ⟅᭤㠃䛻䜘䜛㉸㐣☜⋡) <6.55k>䠖ሐయ䛻ᪧሐ(⢓ᛶᅵᒙ)䜢᭷䛩䜛䠊ĸᙧ≧せ⣲䠈≀ᛶ್䛛䜙䛰䛡䛷䛿⾲⌧䛷䛝䛺䛔 せ⣲䜢ྵ䜐᩿㠃 ἲᑼᖜ(B.toe)䠖8.688 䛆ȝ=8.19䛇 ἲᑼ໙㓄(Į.toe) 䠖1䠖2.307 䛆ȝ=1䠖2.4䛇 <6.55k>䠖ሐయ䛻ᪧሐ(⢓ᛶᅵᒙ)䜢᭷䛩䜛䠊ĸᙧ≧せ⣲䠈≀ᛶ್䛛䜙䛰䛡䛷䛿⾲⌧䛷䛝䛺䛔 せ⣲䜢ྵ䜐᩿㠃 ἲᑼᖜ(B.toe)䠖8.688 䛆ȝ=8.19䛇 ἲᑼ໙㓄(Į.toe) 䠖1䠖2.307 䛆ȝ=1䠖2.4䛇 ᖹᆒືỈ໙㓄(Į.hyd) 䠖0.173 䛆ȝ=0.16䛇 ᧦ቨ㧗(H.wal) 䠖1.234 䛆ȝ=1.19䛇 ᧦ቨ㧗(H.wal) 䠖1.234 䛆ȝ=1.19䛇 ᖹᆒືỈ໙㓄(Į.hyd) 䠖0.173 䛆ȝ=0.16䛇 Fˆs 1.382 0.066I c 0.030ke / kb 0.081D.hyd 0.161D.toe 0.049H.wal 0.044D.toe H.wal 0.125H.wal B.toe 0.027D.toeD.hyd Fˆs 1.366 0.066I 0.03ke / kb ᛂ⟅᭤㠃䛻ᑐ㇟᩿㠃䛾ᙧ≧せ⣲䜢௦ධ䛩䜛䠊 ㉸㐣☜⋡Pf = 5.13% 103 104 ϫ Fs 0.40 0.06logk.Bs 0.06logk.Aus 0.02I c 5 4 3 2 20 5 10 15 20 5 10 15 20 5 10 15 20 5 10 15 20 10 15 0.2 4 0.0 Gradient of Toe ἲᑼ໙㓄 1 15 0.4 10 0 1.224 0.0752 1.527 0.0513 1.366 0.0013 2.186 0.0026 1.587 0.210 1.296 0.1341 1.265 5 10 15 20 25 0.1847 2.0 0 1.497 1.5 0.0527 1.0 Ᏻ⋡ Width of Toe ἲᑼᖜ ㉸㐣☜⋡ 1.0000.5 Fs 0.30 0.04logk.Bs 0.06I c Ᏻ⋡ Safety Factor Ᏻ⋡ 0.97 0.11 log k .Bs 0.05I c ____ 0.08c 1.38 u 10 3 c 2 7.93 u 10 6 c 3 5 0.050 Ϫ Fs ㉸㐣☜⋡ Failure Probabilisty ㉸㐣☜⋡ Fs 0.003 0.04I c Ϩ ϩ ᥦᛂ⟅᭤㠃 ᩿㠃ᅛ᭷䛾ᛂ⟅᭤㠃 Height of Wall ᧦ቨ㧗 ヲ⣽ゎᯒ ᙧ≧䝍䜲䝥 ⦪᩿ⓗ䝥䝻䝑䝖䛸ヲ⣽ゎᯒ䛸䛾ẚ㍑ 3 ᙧ≧儣儈儻䱹<13.675k> 2 ᙧ≧儣儈儻䱸<9.88k> 0.001 ᙧ≧儣儈儻䱷<6.55k> ᖹᆒ ືỈ໙㓄 Hydraulic Gradient ᙧ≧儣儈儻䱶<3.6k> 1 4ᆅⅬ䛾᩿㠃䛻䛚䛡䜛ヲ⣽ゎᯒ䛸䛾ẚ㍑ 5 5.0km 10.0km 15.0km Ἑཱྀ䛛䜙䛾㊥㞳 20 20.0km 105 106 ⤖ㄽ • ᾐ㏱ὶFEMゎᯒ䠈䛩䜉䜚ᘼゎᯒ䜢⏝䛔䜛Ᏻᐃᛶ↷ᰝ⤖ᯝ䜢䠈㝈⏺≧ែ ㏆䛷⢭ᗘ䜘䛟⌧䛩䜛ᛂ⟅᭤㠃䛾సᡂ䛸䠈䛭䛾ᛂ⟅᭤㠃䜢⏝䛔䛯☜ᐇ ᛶホ౯䛻䜘䛳䛶♧䛧䛯䠊 • 200m䝢䝑䝏䛻⾜䜟䜜䛯 㔞ㄪᰝ䛛䜙ᚓ䜙䜜䛯᩿㠃ᙧ≧ሗ䜢ᙧ≧せ⣲ 䛻ศゎ䛧䠈ឤᗘศᯒ䛻䜘䜚ሐ㜵Ᏻᐃᛶ䛻ᙳ㡪䜢䛘䜛せ⣲䜢䠈ᛂ⟅᭤㠃䛾 ኚᩘ䛸䛧䛶᥇⏝䛧䛯䠊 ᭷ຠᛶ䛾᳨ド Ἑᕝሐ㜵䛾ᾮ≧༴㝤ᗘホ౯ • 㐃⥆ⓗ䛺Ᏻᐃᛶホ౯䜢⾜䛔䠈⢭ᗘ䜢᳨ド䛧䛯䠊ヲ⣽ゎᯒ⤖ᯝ䜢䛻 ⌧䛩䜛䛣䛸䛿ᅔ㞴䛷䛒䛳䛯䛜䠈༴㝤ಶᡤᢳฟ䛾୍ḟ䝇䜽䝸䞊䝙䞁䜾䛾ᙺ 䜢ᯝ䛯䛩ᛂ⟅᭤㠃䜢ᑟ䛔䛯䠊 • ᮏ◊✲䛷䛿ᙉᗘ䠈㏱Ỉಀᩘ䛿ᑐ㇟༊㛫ෆ䛻⤫୍ⓗ䛻ྠ䛨☜ᐇᛶ䜢䛘 䠈ᆅ┙ㄪᰝᆅⅬ䛷䛾☜ᐇᛶ䛾పῶ➼䛸䛔䛳䛯ຠᯝ䜢⤌䜏㎸䜐䛣䛸䛿ฟ ᮶䛺䛛䛳䛯䠊ேᕤᵓ㐀≀䛷䛒䜛ሐయ䛾ᙉᗘ䞉㏱Ỉಀᩘ䛾⦪᩿ⓗ䛺㐃⥆ᛶ 䛿ᮇᚅ䛷䛝䛺䛔䛜䠈ᇶ♏ᆅ┙䛾㐃⥆ᛶ䜔 㔞ᆅⅬ㛫䛾⿵㛫➼䜢⪃៖䛩䜛 䛣䛸䛜ᚋ䛾ㄢ㢟䛸䛧䛶ᣲ䛢䜙䜜䜛䠊 108 䛆ၥ㢟タᐃ䛇 ᐇ㝿䛻⿕⅏䛧䛯Ἑᕝሐ㜵20km䛻ᑐ䛧䛶䠈ᾮ≧ᣦᩘPL್䛻䜘䜛⡆᫆䛺༴㝤 ᗘホ౯䛻䜘䜚༴㝤⟠ᡤ䠄ᦆയᆅⅬ䠅䛾ᢳฟ䛾ྍྰ䜢ศᯒ䛩䜛䠊 107 ᳨ウ㡯┠ ᾐ㏱Ᏻᐃᛶ ᾮ≧༴㝤ᗘ ᾐ㏱ὶゎᯒ䠇ᘼ䛩䜉䜚䠄⌧⾜タィἲ䠅 䛻䜘䜛ឤᗘศᯒ ⿕⅏ᒚṔ䝕䞊䝍䛾㞟䞉ศᯒ ᦆയᆅⅬ ᇶᮏゎᯒ䝰䝕䝹䛾タᐃ ᦆയᆅⅬNo3 ᦆയᆅⅬNo2 ྎᆅ䠈ྎᆅ୰䛾ὸ䛔㇂ ᪧἙ㐨䠈⮬↛ሐ㜵 ᦆയᆅⅬNo1 ሐయᙧ≧せ⣲䛾ศゎ ᐇ㦂ィ⏬ἲ䛻䜘䜛ᛂ⟅᭤㠃䛾ᑟฟ STA33 ỏ℃ᖹ㔝 STA31 PL್䛻䜘䜛༴㝤ᗘホ౯ STA36 STA34 STA37 STA38 Bs(earthfilling) STA39 STA40 STA41 STA35 As STA45 STA42 STA43 STA32 STA44 STA30 70cm STA29 䝟䝷䝯䞊䝍✵㛫ศᕸ᥎ᐃ 䠄ᆅ┙ㄪᰝ䛾㐣㊊䛥䠅 ᶆ‽㈏ධヨ㦂䝕䞊䝍䛾ά⏝ ㄪᰝᆅⅬ㛫䛾᥎ᐃㄗᕪ䠄Kriging䠅 ᶓ᩿ 㔞䝕䞊䝍䛾ά⏝ 180cm 70cm Beforeshaking Bc Ἑᕝ ⡆᫆ホ౯ᘧ䛾ᑟฟ 䠄ᛂ⟅᭤㠃䠅 ኚᙧ≧ἣᅗ ᖹ㠃ᅗ ᦆയᆅⅬNo4 STA25 Beforeshaking STA28 STA26 STA27 Bc ୍⯡㒊䠄ỏ℃ᖹ㔝䠅 ᪧἙ㐨䠃⮬↛ሐ㜵 Bs(earthfilling) Ac As 20 Auc Aus ALs ALc 0 䛝䛔 0 5 10 0.5 1.0 1.5 0.5 1.0 1.5 -0.5 300 400 500 0 100 Lag distance (m) ᑠ䛥䛔 ș= 100 exponential gaussian -1.5 200 200 300 400 Lag distance (m) PL್䛾⮬ᕫ┦㛵㊥㞳䠖▷䛔 ș=100m ୍⯡㒊䠄ỏ℃ᖹ㔝䠅 15 ᪧἙ㐨䠃⮬↛ሐ㜵 40 PL(SHAKE) PL(original) 30 PL್ PL (m2) 0.001 10 10 0.050 5 100 5 35 20 0.050 (≉Ṧሐ༊㛫) 0 (b) S ᪧἙ㐨䠃⮬↛ሐ㜵 60 ᾐ㏱Ᏻᐃᛶ 15 50 10 ș= 200 exponential gaussian 0 PL್䛾⮬ᕫ┦㛵㊥㞳䠖㛗䛔 ș=200m 5 ⮬ᕫ┦㛵㊥㞳䛾ྠᐃ -0.5 ▷䛔 (a) All data ୍⯡㒊䠄ỏ℃ᖹ㔝䠅 Auto-correlation coefficient ᪧἙ㐨䠃⮬↛ሐ㜵 㛗䛔 Auto-correlation coefficient ୍⯡㒊䠄ỏ℃ᖹ㔝䠅 ⮬ᕫ┦㛵㊥㞳 ᗉෆᕝ䠄ᕥᓊ䠅20km ᾮ≧༴㝤ᗘ 0 0.001 Failure probability D ᆅ┙ㄪᰝ1ᮏ䛾౯್ 0 Failure probability ᑐ㇟20km༊㛫䜢ᢳฟ䠊4⟠ᡤ䛷つᶍ䛺ᦆയ䛜ぢ䜙䜜䛯䠊 ᩚᆅ⏝䛾ᇙ䜑ᅵᒙ䠄Bs䠅䛜ኚᙧ䛾せᅉ䛸ศᯒ䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊 㟈⅏ᚋ䛻⾜䜟䜜䛯ヲ⣽䛺ᆅ┙ㄪᰝ䜢ά⏝䛧䛶䠈ᆅ┙ㄪᰝᆅⅬ 䜢⪃៖䛧䛯ᾮ≧༴㝤ᗘゎᯒ䛸䛭䛾᭷ຠᛶ᳨ド䜢⾜䛳䛯䠊 ௵ពᆅⅬ䛾༴㝤ᗘホ౯䛸ᐤᗘ䛾ᐃ㔞䠄ୗᅗ䠅 0 -20 Elevation 㐃⥆ⓗ䛺༴㝤ᗘホ౯ ☜ᐇᛶᐤᗘศᯒ B ⿕⅏ᒚṔ䝕䞊䝍䛛䜙ᑟ䛔䛯 䝣䝷䝆䝸䝔䜱䞊㛵ᩘ ᘼ䛩䜉䜚Ᏻ⋡Fs=1.0 -1.5 㝈⏺≧ែ䛾タᐃ 䜽䝷䜲䝔䝸䜰 15 STA 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 STA 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 500 110 䛆᳨ウ⤖ᯝ䛾ᴫせ䛇 ᐇᅾ䛩䜛ᵓ㐀≀䠋ᆅ┙ㄪᰝ䛻㐺⏝䛧䠈ᚤᆅᙧศ㢮䠈ᆅ┙ㄪᰝ䛸䛾⨨㛵ಀ䛻䜘䜛☜ᐇᛶ 䜢⪃៖䠄ᒁᡤ᥎ᐃ䠅䛧䛶䠈ᑐ㇟20km䛾༴㝤ᗘ䜢㐃⥆ⓗ䛻ホ౯䛧䛯䠊 ᆅ┙ㄪᰝ䛾㐣㊊䛥䠄ぢⴠ䛸䛧䛾䝸䝇䜽䠅䛾ᐃ㔞䛻䜘䜚䠈㐺ษ䛺㏣ຍㄪᰝ䠋ㄪᰝᆅⅬ䜢ㄏ ᑟ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷䠈༴㝤⟠ᡤ䠋༴㝤ᅉᏊ䛾✵㛫ศᕸ䜢ᢕᥱ䛷䛝䜛䛣䛸䜢♧䛧䛯䠊 109 䝟䝷䝯䞊䝍䛾✵㛫ศᕸ᥎ᐃ䠇㐃⥆䛧䛯༴㝤ᗘホ౯䠄ᾮ≧༴㝤ᗘ䠅 z ⿕⅏ᒚṔ䠇⿕⅏⟠ᡤ䛾ヲ⣽ㄪᰝ䛜䛒䜛䜈䛾㐺⏝ ㄪᰝ㛫㝸 ᦆയᆅⅬ ᦆയᆅⅬ ᦆയᆅⅬ 0 ㄪᰝ㊊䛻䜘䜛ぢⴠ䛸䛧䛾䝸䝇䜽 ㄪᰝ㊊䛻䜘䜛ぢⴠ䛸䛧䛾䝸䝇䜽 (a) PL-value PL್䛾✵㛫ศᕸ䛸䛭䛾☜ᐇᛶ -value (b) Failure probability ሐ㜵䛾◚ቯ☜⋡(༴㝤ᗘ) lure probability 0.6 30 0 (b) Failure probability ሐ㜵䛾◚ቯ☜⋡ 0.2 10 10 Failure probability 10 20 10 ㄪᰝ㊊䛻䜘䜛ぢⴠ䛸䛧䛾䝸䝇䜽 30 (a) PL-value PL್䛾✵㛫ศᕸ䛸䛭䛾☜ᐇᛶ PL(m2) 40 - 20 ㄪᰝ㊊䛻䜘䜛ぢⴠ䛸䛧䛾䝸䝇䜽 Spatial variability and statistical estimation error ( lack of investigation ) Model error 20 Uncertainties Spatial variability and statistical estimation error ( lack of investigation ) Model error ㄪᰝ㊊䛻䜘䜛ぢⴠ䛸䛧䛾䝸䝇䜽 ontribution of certainties 0.2 0 0.6 Variance of g(ln(PL)) (c) Contribution of ྛ☜ᐇᛶ䛾ᐤ 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 30 0 Spatial variability and statistical estimation error ( lack of investigation ) ㄪᰝ㊊䛻䜘䜛ぢⴠ䛸䛧䛾䝸䝇䜽 䝰䝕䝹ㄗᕪ䠄ゎᯒ䛾㧗ᗘ䛜ᚲせ䠅 Model error (c) Contribution of ྛ☜ᐇᛶ䛾ᐤ 0 10 20 Uncertainties 25 ᆅ┙ㄪᰝ㛫㝸 26 27 䠜150m 28 29 30 STA 31 32 䠜50m 33 34 35 䠜400m 111 ㄪᰝ㛫㝸 䠜150m 39 40 41 42 43 䠜50m 䠜400m z ༴㝤ᗘ䠄ሐ㜵䛾◚ቯ☜⋡䠅䛾䝖䝺䞁䝗䜢ᴫ䛽ᤊ 䛘䛶䛔䜛䠊 z STA32䜘䜚ୖὶ䛷䛿⣙400m㛫㝸䛷ㄪᰝ䛜ᐇ 䛥䜜䛶䛚䜚䠈ぢⴠ䛸䛧䛾䝸䝇䜽䛜㧗䛔䠊 z ୗὶഃ䛿⣙100~150m䛷ㄪᰝ䛜䛺䛥䜜䛶䛚䜚䠈 㐺ษ䛻༴㝤ᗘ䜢ホ౯䛧䛶䛔䜛䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛䠊 z 100m~200m⛬ᗘ䛾ㄪᰝ㛫㝸䛜ồ䜑䜙䜜䜛䠊 䠜300m 䠜50䡚400m z ⮬↛ሐ㜵䞉ᪧἙ㐨㒊䛷䛿༴㝤ᗘ䛾ኚື䛜⃭ 䛧䛔䠊 z యⓗ䛻ᆅ┙ㄪᰝ䛜㊊䛧䛶䛚䜚䠈ぢⴠ䛸䛧 䛾䝸䝇䜽䛜㧗䛔䠊୍⯡㒊䜘䜚䜒ᐦ䛺ㄪᰝ䛜せ ồ䛥䜜䜛䠊 z ⿕⅏ᚋ䛾ヲ⣽ᆅ┙ㄪᰝ䛻䛚䛡䜛ㄪᰝ㛫㝸 50m⛬ᗘ䛾ㄪᰝ㛫㝸䛜ồ䜑䜙䜜䜛 112 ⤖ㄽ 䐟 ᆅ┙ᵓ㐀≀䛾≉ᛶ䛸タィᐇົ䛾⌧≧䜢⪃៖䛧䛯ಙ㢗ᛶタィἲ䜢ᵓ⠏䛧䛯䠊 䠉☜ᐇᛶ䛾ศ㢮᪉ἲ䛸ᐃ㔞᪉ἲ䛾ᥦ♧ 䞉✵㛫ⓗ䜀䜙䛴䛝䛸⤫ィⓗ᥎ᐃㄗᕪ䛾⡆᫆ホ౯⌮ㄽ䛾ᐃᘧ䛸᳨ド 䞉ኚㄗᕪ䠈䝰䝕䝹ㄗᕪ䛾ᐃ㔞 䠉タィ⪅⮬䜙ᐇ䛷䛝䜛䝅䝭䝳䝺䞊䝅䝵䞁䝧䞊䝇䛾ᐇ⏝ⓗ䛺᪉ἲ 䐠 ලయⓗ䛺䜈㐺⏝䛧䠈ಙ㢗ᛶタィయ䝇䜻䞊䝮䛸タィᡭ㡰䞉᪉ἲ䜢♧䛧䛯䠊 䠉タィᇶ‽䛾タィ↷ᰝᘧ䛻ᇶ䛵䛔䛯ᆺⓗ䛺ᆅ┙ᵓ㐀≀䜈䛾㐺⏝ 䠉FEMゎᯒ䛺䛹䛾䜔䜔」㞧䛺ᆅ┙ゎᯒ䜢ά⏝䛩䜛ሙྜ䛾ゎᯒ᪉ἲ(ᛂ⟅᭤㠃ἲ)䛾ᥦ♧ 䐡 ලయⓗ䛺◊✲䛻䛚䛔䛶ᐃ㔞䛥䜜䛯☜ᐇᛶ䛾⪃ᐹ䛛䜙䠈タィ䛾ほⅬ 䛛䜙䜏䛯ᆅ┙ᕤᏛ䛾ㄢ㢟䜢♧䛧䛯䠊 䠉⌧⾜䛾タィ䛻ᨭ㓄ⓗ䛸䛺䜛☜ᐇᛶせᅉ䜢᫂☜䛻䛧䛶䠈タィᨵၿ䛾䛯䜑䛾ඃඛㄢ㢟䜢♧䛧䛯䠊 44 STA STA Variance of g(ln(PL)) ㄪᰝ㛫㝸 ᦆയᆅⅬ 20 20 40 Elevation A䡏 A䠿 D䡏 - 20 30 40 10 Elevation B䡏 0 Failure probability ᪧἙ㐨䠃⮬↛ሐ㜵 ୍⯡㒊䠄ỏ℃ᖹ㔝䠅 20 PL(m2) ㄪᰝ㛫㝸 ⿕ᐖ 40 ཧ⪃㈨ᩱ 45 113 GRASP䛻㛵䛩䜛せ䛺Ꮫ⾡ㄅㄽᩥ GRASP䛻㛵䛩䜛せ䛺Ꮫ⾡ㄅㄽᩥ 䕔⌮ㄽ䛾㛤Ⓨ 䐟 䐠 䕔ᛂ⏝◊✲ ᮏᇛຬ, ➉㞝, ຍ⸨ᰤ(2012)䠖䛂ᆅ┙䝟䝷䝯䞊䝍ᒁᡤᖹᆒ䛾✵㛫ⓗ䜀䜙䛴䛝䛸⤫ィⓗ᥎ ᐃㄗᕪ䛾⡆᫆ホ౯⌮ㄽ䛃䠈ᅵᮌᏛㄽᩥ㞟C(ᆅᅪᕤᏛ)䠈Vol.68䠈No.1䠈pp.41-55. 2013 ᖺᗘᅵᮌᏛㄽᩥ㈹ཷ㈹ ➉㞝䠈ᮏᇛຬ(2012)䠖䛂ᆅ┙䝟䝷䝯䞊䝍ᒁᡤᖹᆒ䜢⏝䛔䛯✵㛫ⓗ䜀䜙䛴䛝䛾⡆᫆ಙ㢗ᛶ ホ౯ἲ䛾᳨ド䛃䠈ᅵᮌᏛㄽᩥ㞟C(ᆅᅪᕤᏛ), Vol68, No.3, pp.475-490. 䐡 ᮏᇛຬ䠈➉㞝(2012)䠖䛂ᆅ┙䝟䝷䝯䞊䝍ᒁᡤᖹᆒ䛾⤫ィⓗ᥎ᐃㄗᕪホ౯⌮ㄽ䛾᳨ド䛃䠈ᅵ ᮌᏛㄽᩥ㞟C(ᆅᅪᕤᏛ) , Vol68, No.3, pp.491-507. 䐢 ➉㞝䞉ᮏᇛຬ(2014)䠖䛂ᆅ┙ᵓ㐀≀タィ䛻䛚䛡䜛䝰䝕䝹ㄗᕪ䛾ᐃ㔞䛃䠈ᅵᮌᏛㄽ ᩥ㞟C(ᆅᅪᕤᏛ) Vol.70, No.2,170-185 䐣 ➉㞝䞉ᮏᇛຬ(2014)䠖䛂ᆅ┙ᵓ㐀≀タィ䛻䛚䛡䜛ኚㄗᕪ䛾ᐃ㔞䛃䠈ᅵᮌᏛㄽᩥ㞟 C(ᆅᅪᕤᏛ) ,Vol.70, No.2,186-198. 䐤 ᮏᇛຬ䞉➉㞝(2014)䠖⡆᫆䛺ᆅ┙ᵓ㐀≀ಙ㢗ᛶゎᯒἲ䛾㛤Ⓨ䛸ὸ䛔ᇶ♏䛾タィၥ㢟䜈 䛾㐺⏝䠈ᅵᮌᏛㄽᩥ㞟䠟, Vol.70, No.4, 372-388. 䐥 ➉㞝䞉ᮏᇛຬ(2015)䠖ᆅ┙ᵓ㐀≀タィ䛾☜ᐇᛶᐤᗘศᯒ䛸タィ䛾ほⅬ䛛䜙䜏䛯ᆅ ┙ᕤᏛ䛾ㄢ㢟䠈ᅵᮌᏛㄽᩥ㞟C(ᆅᅪᕤᏛ) ᢞ✏୰ 115 䛤㟼⫈䛒䜚䛜䛸䛖䛤䛦䛔䜎䛧䛯䠊 114 䐟 ➉㞝, ᮏᇛຬ(2012)䠖䛂ᛂ⟅᭤㠃䜢⏝䛔䛯ᐇ⏝ⓗ䛺ᆅ┙ᵓ㐀≀䛾ಙ㢗ᛶタィἲ䠖ᾮ≧ᆅ ┙ୖỈ㊰䛾⪏㟈タィ䜈䛾㐺⏝䛃䠈ᅵᮌᏛㄽᩥ㞟C(ᆅᅪᕤᏛ)䠈Vol.68䠈No.1䠈pp.68-83. 䐠 ➉㞝䠈ᮏᇛຬ䠈ᑠụ(2012)䠖䛂ㄪᰝᆅⅬ䜢⪃៖䛧䛯㛗Ỉ㊰䛾ᾮ≧༴㝤ᗘゎᯒ䛃䠈 ᆅ┙ᕤᏛ䝆䝱䞊䝘䝹䠈Vol.7䠈No.1䠈pp.283-293. 2012ᖺᗘᆅ┙ᕤᏛㄽᩥ㈹ཷ㈹ 䐡 ➉㞝䞉ᮏᇛຬ䞉ᖹᯇభ୍䞉బྂಇ䞉୰ᒣಟ୍(2014): 㟈⅏๓ᚋ䛾ᆅ┙ሗ䜢⏝䛔䛯Ἑᕝ ሐ㜵20km䛾ᾮ≧༴㝤ᗘゎᯒ䠈ᆅ┙ᕤᏛ䝆䝱䞊䝘䝹䠈Vol.9䠈No.2䠈pp.2䠈pp.203-21. 2014 ᖺᗘᆅ┙ᕤᏛㄽᩥ㈹ཷ㈹
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