33
南太平洋海域調査研究報告　No.56（2015年3月）
OCCASIONAL PAPERS　No.56（March 2015）
኱㝰༙ᓥ࡟⏕ᜥࡍࡿ㔝⏕ࢽ࣍ࣥࢨࣝࡢ⩌ࢀࢧ࢖ࢬ
㸫ᒇஂᓥ࡜ࡢẚ㍑㸫
⸨⏣ᚿṌ 1࣭ᗙ㤿⪔୍㑻 2࣭➉ࣀୗ♸஧ 3࣭࿴⏣୍㞝 4࣭ᕷ᮶ࡼࡋᏊ 5
Group Size of Wild Japanese Macaques
(Macaca fuscata fuscata) in the Osumi Peninsula:
The Comparison with M. f. yakui in Yakushima Island
FUJITA Shiho1, ZAMMA Koichiro2, TAKENOSHITA Yuji3, WADA Kazuo4 and ICHIKI Yoshiko5
1: 㮵ඣᓥ኱Ꮫඹྠ⋇་Ꮫ㒊
2: ி㒔኱Ꮫ࢔ࢪ࢔࣭࢔ࣇࣜ࢝ᆅᇦ◊✲◊✲⛉㸭㔝⏕ື≀◊✲ࢭࣥࢱ࣮
3: ୰㒊Ꮫ㝔኱ᏛᏊ࡝ࡶᏛ㒊
4: NPO ἲேࣉࣛ࢖࣓࢖ࢺ࣭࢔ࢦࣛ
5: ኱㝮༙ᓥࡢ⮬↛ࢆ⪃࠼ࡿ఍
1: Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University
2: ASAFAS/WRC, Kyoto University
3: Faculty of Child Science, Chubu Gakuin University
4: Primate Agora
5: Care for Nature in Osumi Club
せ᪨
ࢽ࣍ࣥࢨࣝࡢ⩌ࢀࢧ࢖ࢬࠊ㐟ືᇦ㠃✚ࠊಶయᐦᗘ࡜࠸ࡗࡓ⏕ែᏛⓗ≉ᚩࡣᆅᇦᕪࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ
࡜ࡃ࡟ⴠⴥᶞᯘᖏ࡜↷ⴥᶞᯘᖏ࡛ࡣ኱ࡁࡃ␗࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࡣࠊ
࣍ࣥࢻࢽ࣍ࣥࢨࣝ㸦Macaca fuscata fuscata㸧࡜ࣖࢡࢩ࣐ࢨࣝ㸦M. f. yakui㸧࡜࠸࠺ࠊ஧ࡘࡢள✀ࢆẚ㍑ࡋࡓ
ࡶࡢࡀ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡢᕪ␗ࡀ⎔ቃせᅉ࡟ࡼࡿࡶࡢ࠿ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣள✀㛫ࡢ㐪࠸࠿ࢆ᫂☜࡟༊ูࡍࡿ
ࡇ࡜ࡣᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋᮏ◊✲ࡣࠊࡇࡢၥ㢟ࢆゎỴࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠊ↷ⴥᶞᯘᖏ࡟⏕ᜥࡍࡿ࣍ࣥࢻࢽ࣍ࣥࢨࣝ
࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⏕ែᏛⓗᇶ♏㈨ᩱࢆ཰㞟ࡋࠊྠࡌࡃ↷ⴥᶞᯘᖏ࡟⏕ᜥࡍࡿࣖࢡࢩ࣐ࢨࣝࡢࡑࢀ࡜ẚ㍑ࡋࡓࠋ
ㄪᰝᆅࡣ✄ᑿᓅ⮬↛⎔ቃಖ඲ᆅᇦ࡜ࡑࡢ࿘㎶ᇦ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ2013 ᖺ 9 ᭶࡜ 2014 ᖺ 8 ᭶࡟ࠊ⩌ࢀᩘ࠾ࡼࡧ
⩌ࢀࢧ࢖ࢬࢆㄪ࡭ࡿࡓࡵࡢ࣮ࣝࢺࢭࣥࢧࢫࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋㄪᰝࡢ⤖ᯝࠊ኱㝮༙ᓥ࡟⏕ᜥࡍࡿࢽ࣍ࣥࢨࣝࡢ
⩌ࢀࢧ࢖ࢬࡣࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛࡟ሗ࿌ࡉࢀࡓࣖࢡࢩ࣐ࢨࣝࡢࡑࢀ࡜ẚ㍑ࡋ࡚࠿࡞ࡾ኱ࡁ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡗࡓࠋ
34
FUJITA Shiho, ZAMMA Koichiro, TAKENOSHITA Yuji, WADA Kazuo and ICHIKI Yoshiko
⫼ᬒ
ࢽ࣍ࣥࢨࣝ㸦Macaca fuscata㸧࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ⩌ࢀࢧ࢖ࢬࠊ㐟ືᇦ㠃✚ࠊᐦᗘ࡜࠸ࡗࡓࠊ♫఍
ᵓ㐀ࡸศᕸ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ≉ᚩࡣᆅᇦᕪࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ࡜ࡃ࡟ⴠⴥᶞᯘᖏ࡜↷ⴥᶞᯘᖏ࡛ࡣ
ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢ⤖ᯝࡣࠊ
኱ࡁࡃ␗࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦e.g., TAKASAKI 1981㸧
࣍ࣥࢻࢽ࣍ࣥࢨࣝ㸦M. f. fuscata㸧࡜ࣖࢡࢩ࣐ࢨࣝ㸦M. f. yakui㸧࡜࠸࠺ࠊ஧ࡘࡢள✀ࢆẚ㍑
ࡋࡓࡶࡢࡀ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡢᕪ␗ࡀ⎔ቃせᅉ࡟ࡼࡿࡶࡢ࠿ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣள✀㛫ࡢ㐪࠸࠿
ࢆ᫂☜࡟༊ูࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋᮏ◊✲ࡣࠊࡇࡢၥ㢟ࢆゎỴࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠊ↷ⴥᶞᯘ
ᖏ࡟⏕ᜥࡍࡿ࣍ࣥࢻࢽ࣍ࣥࢨࣝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⏕ែᏛⓗᇶ♏㈨ᩱࢆ཰㞟ࡋࠊྠࡌࡃ↷ⴥᶞᯘᖏ࡟
⏕ᜥࡍࡿࣖࢡࢩ࣐ࢨࣝࡢࡑࢀ࡜ẚ㍑ࡋࡓࠋ
᪉ἲ
ㄪᰝᆅࡣ✄ᑿᓅ⮬↛⎔ቃಖ඲ᆅᇦ࡜ࡑࡢ࿘㎶ᇦ࡛࠶ࡾࠊᾏᓊ࠿ࡽᒣ㡬ࡲ࡛⮬↛᳜⏕ࡀ
㐃⥆ࡍࡿࠋㄪᰝࡣ 2013 ᖺ 9 ᭶㸦6 ᪥㛫㸧࡜ 2014 ᖺ 8 ᭶㸦8 ᪥㛫㸧࡟⾜ࡗࡓࠋ
ᶆ㧗 90㹼270m ࡟㉮ࡿබ㐨 15.7km ࢆ 7 ༊㛫࡟ศࡅ㸦ᅗ 1㸧
ࠊྛ༊㛫࡟ 1ࠥ2 ேࡢㄪᰝဨࢆ
㓄⨨ࡋ࡚ࠊ༗๓࡜༗ᚋࡢ 2 ᅇࠊྛ 4 ᫬㛫ࡢ࣮ࣝࢺࢭࣥࢧࢫࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋㄪᰝဨࡣྛ༊㛫ࢆ
ྠ᫬࡟ࢫࢱ࣮ࢺࡋ୍࡚ᐃ㏿ᗘ࡛Ṍࡁࠊ⤊஢᫬้ࡲ࡛ྛ༊㛫ࢆ ᚟ࡋࡓࠋ㋃ᰝ୰࡟ࢽ࣍ࣥࢨ
ࣝࢆ┠ᧁࡋࡓሙྜࠊ࠾ࡼࡧ㡢ኌࢆ☜ㄆࡋࡓሙྜࡣࠊ᫬้࠾ࡼࡧ఩⨨࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࡑࡢ᝟ሗࢆ
グ㘓ࡋࠊྍ⬟࡛࠶ࢀࡤᛶ࣭ᖺ㱋ẖ࡟ಶయᩘࢆ࢝࢘ࣥࢺࡋࡓࠋ
ᅗ 1A ㄪᰝᆅ
ᅗ 1B ࢭࣥࢧࢫࡢ㋃ᰝ࣮ࣝࢺ㸦a-h㸧
35
Group Size of Wild Japanese Macaques (Macaca fuscata fuscata) in the Osumi Peninsula: The Comparison with M. f. yakui in Yakushima Island
⤖ᯝ
2013 ᖺࡢㄪᰝ࡛ࡣࠊ㋃ᰝ࣮ࣝࢺୖ࡛ᑡ࡞ࡃ࡜ࡶ 3 ࡘࡢ⩌ࢀࡀ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁࡓࠋ࠸ࡎࢀࡶࣇࣝ
࢝࢘ࣥࢺࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡶࡢࡢࠊ⩌ࢀࢧ࢖ࢬࡣࡑࢀࡒࢀ 14ࠊ56 ࠾ࡼࡧ 66 ಶయ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ
2014 ᖺࡢㄪᰝ࡛ࡣࠊ2ࠥ4 ⩌ࡢ⩌ࢀࡀ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁࠊࢧࣈࢢ࣮ࣝࣆࣥࢢ㸦⩌ࢀࡀ୍᫬ⓗ࡟
ศ⿣ࡍࡿ⌧㇟㸧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ඙ೃࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊ2 ࡘࡢ⩌ࢀࡀࡑࢀࡒࢀ୍᫬ⓗ࡟
ศ⿣ࡋࠊ4 ࡘࡢ⩌ࢀ࡜ࡋ࡚☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓྍ⬟ᛶࡶ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡓࠋ2 ࡘࡢ⩌ࢀ࡜ࡍࡿ࡜ࠊ⩌ࢀࢧ࢖
ࢬࡣࡑࢀࡒࢀ 95 ࠾ࡼࡧ 124 ಶయ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ
⪃ᐹ
ᮏ◊✲ࡢㄪᰝᆅ࡜࡯ࡰྠࡌᶆ㧗ࡢᒇஂᓥす㒊ᯘ㐨࡟⏕ᜥࡍࡿࣖࢡࢩ࣐ࢨ࡛ࣝࡣࠊᖹᆒ⩌
ࢀࢧ࢖ࢬ㸦ಶయᩘ㸧ࡣ 16.9㸦⠊ᅖ 7ࠥ29㸧࡛࠶ࡿ㸦YOSHIHIRO et al. 1999㸧ࠋᮏㄪᰝࡢ⤖ᯝࠊ
኱㝮༙ᓥ✄ᑿᓅ࿘㎶࡟⏕ᜥࡍࡿ࣍ࣥࢻࢽ࣍ࣥࢨࣝࡢ⩌ࢀࢧ࢖ࢬࡣᒇஂᓥす㒊ᯘ㐨ࡢ⩌ࢀࡢ
2ࠥ7 ಸ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊᒇஂᓥす㒊ᯘ㐨࡛ࡣ 1km ࠶ࡓࡾ 4ࠥ6 ࡢ⩌ࢀࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࡢ࡟ᑐࡋ
㸦YOSHIHIRO et al. 1999㸧ࠊᮏㄪᰝᆅ࡛ࡣ 1km ࠶ࡓࡾࡢ⩌ࢀᩘࡣ 0.1ࠥ0.2 ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ
ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊᒇஂᓥ࡟ࡣᑠࡉ࡞⩌ࢀࡀᑠࡉ࠸⾜ືᅪࢆࡶࡗ࡚ᩘከࡃᏑᅾࡍࡿࡢ࡟ᑐࡋࠊ
኱㝮༙ᓥ࡛ࡣ኱ࡁ࡞⩌ࢀࡀ኱ࡁ࡞⾜ືᅪࢆࡶࡗ࡚⏕ᜥࡋࠊ⩌ࢀࡢᩘࡣᑡ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ♧၀
ࡉࢀࡓࠋ
↷ⴥᶞᯘ࡛ࡣࠊࢽ࣍ࣥࢨࣝࡢ୺せ㣗≀࡛࠶ࡿᯝᐇ㢮ࡀ࡯ࡰ୍ᖺ୰฼⏝ྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡾ
㸦AGETSUMA and NAKAGAWA 1998㸧ࠊ㧗ᐦᗘࡢಶయࢆ⥔ᣢ࡛ࡁࡿ⏕ᜥ⎔ቃ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀ
ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ኱㝮༙ᓥ࡜ᒇஂᓥࢆẚ㍑ࡋࡓሙྜࠊྠࡌ㧗ᐦᗘ࡛ࡶࠊ⩌ࢀࢧ࢖ࢬࡀ
኱ࡁࡃ␗࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢ⌮⏤࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ᫂ࡽ࠿࡛࡞࠸ࡀࠊள✀㛫ࡢ㑇ఏⓗ࡞㐪࠸ࡢ࡯࠿ࠊ
⩌ࢀ㛫➇ྜ࡞࡝ࡢ♫఍ⓗせᅉࠊ᭷ᐖᤕ⋓࡞࡝ே㛫࡜ࡢ㌵㎚ࠊ᳃ᯘ⎔ቃࡢṔྐⓗኚ㑄㸦ఆ᥇
ࡢᙳ㡪㸧࡞࡝ࠊ」ᩘࡢせᅉࡀᙳ㡪ࡍࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ௒ᚋࠊᮏㄪᰝᆅ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⩌ࢀࡢศᕸ
≧ἣࡸ⩌ࢀࢧ࢖ࢬ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡉࡽ࡟⢭ᰝࡍࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊᒇஂᓥ࡜ࡢᕪ␗ࢆࡶࡓࡽࡍせᅉ࡟
ࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࡍࡿணᐃ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩
AGETSUMA, N. and NAKAGAWA, N. 1998. Effects of Habitat Differences on Feeding Behaviors of
Japanese Monkeys: Comparison between Yakushima and Kinkazan. Primates, 39: 275-289.
TAKASAKI, H. 1981. Troop Size, Habitat Quality, and Home Range Area in Japanese Macaques.
Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 9: 277-281.
YOSHIHIRO, S., OHTAKE, M., MATSUBARA, H., ZAMMA, K., HAN’YA, G., TANIMURA, Y., KUBOTA, H.,
KUBO, R., ARAKANE, T., HIRATA, T., FURUKAWA, M., SATO, A. and TAKAHATA, Y. 1999. Vertical
Distribution of Wild Yakushima Macaques (Macaca fuscata yakui) in the Western Area of
Yakushima Island, Japan: Preliminary Report. Primates, 40: 409-415.