教科書の内容が理解できたなら演習問題へ進む

現在完了形
演習問題
1.次の2つの文を1つにまとめなさい。
(1) I made friend with Takeshi five years ago. We are friends now.
(2) Jane came to Japan in 2010. She is in Japan now.
(3) My mother went to the supermarket. She is just now at home.
(4) He didn't finish his job. He doesn't still finish now.
(5) I met that man once. So I know him.
(6) She went to Paris to study art. And she isn't here now.
2.次の(
)の中から、正しいものを選び○で囲みなさい。
(1) I ( am / have been ) in Tokyo since last week.
(2) Hana ( finished / has finished ) reading the magazine an hour ago.
(3) It ( wasn’t rained / hasn’t rained ) here for a month.
(4) Ken and I ( were / have been ) good friends since we were little children.
(5) When ( did you lose / have you lost ) your favorite bag ?
(6) Mari ( has been to / has gone to / visited ) Kobe with them last summer.
(7) ( Have you ever been / Have you ever gone / Were you ever ) abroad before ?
3.次の(
)内に、since か for を入れなさい。
(1) Have you heard from your son in Paris (
(2) I have known him (
) ten years.
(3) I've been absent from school with a cold (
(4) Jane has wanted to visit Japan (
(5) My aunt has stayed in Paris (
(6) They have lived there (
) last month ?
) yesterday.
) a long time.
) a week.
) 1989.
(7) He was standing in front of the building (
) two hours.
4.次の(
)内に、下の[
]の中から正しい語を選んで入れ、日本語の
意味を表す英文を完成させなさい。
(1) 私はその村を訪れたことがありません。
I have (
) visited that village.
(2) 今列車が着きました。
The train has (
) arrived.
(3) あなたは2千円札を見たことがありますか。
Have you (
) seen a two thousand yen bill ?
(4) まだ宿題を済ませていないの。
Haven't you finish your homework (
* bill : 紙幣、お札
)?
(5) かつてその小説を読んだかもしれません。
I may have read the novel (
).
[ just
already
ever
never
yet
before ]
5.次の文の誤りを正しなさい。
(1) What time has your brother had breakfast this morning ?
(2) Five years passed since he is in Japan.
(3) Have you ever seen a panda ? ―― Yes, much times.
(4) Masao has been sending fifty e-mails already.
(5) Does anyone know whose bicycle is this ? It's been left here for last week.
(6) Keiko has just gone to the airport to meet him.
(7) It was a long time since he wrote to us.
解答と解説
1. (1) I have made friend with Takeshi for five years.
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
She has been in Japan since 2010.
My mother has just been to the supermarket.
He hasn‘t finished his job yet.
I have met that man before.
She has gone to Paris to study art.
・現在完了形は
「過去に起こった事柄」 が 「現在にまでつながっている」 ことを表わす
(5) 「かつて」 を表す once は過去を表すことばで、完了形では
「かつて=以前」 を表す before にかえる
ただし、「1度」の意味では完了形といっしょに用いられる
Ken lived in Okinawa once. 沖縄に〈かつて〉住んでいた
Ken has been to Okinawa once. 〈1度〉沖縄に行ったことがある
2.
(1) have been
(5) did you lose
3.(1)since
(6)since
(2) finished
(6) visited
(2)for (3)since
(7) for
(3) hasn’t rained (4) have been
(7) Have you ever been
(4)for
(5)for
・since: 時の起点を表し 「~(して)以来」
・for: 期間を表し 「~の間」
〈過去を表すことば〉
when:「いつ」 what time:「何時に」
~ ago:「~前」
last~ : 「昨~、去~」
2.(7) before : 「以前、かつて」は〈経験〉を表すことば
⇔ gone は〈結果〉を表す語
4.
(1)never
(2)just (3)ever (4)yet (5)before
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
never: 「1度も~ない」 を用いる
→ 「ちょうど列車が着いたところだ」
「(今までに)2千円札を見たことがありますか」 と考える
完了を表すことば
・already:「すでに、もう」 ・・・ 肯定文で
・just:「ちょうど、たった今」
・yet:「まだ」 ・・・ 否定文で /:「もう」 ・・・ 疑問文で
(5) 「かつて」という意味では once を使うが、
この語は現在完了形といっしょに使わずに「過去形」で用いる
She lived in Nagoya once. 「かつて名古屋に住んでいた」
She has visited Nagoya once. 「1度名古屋を訪れたことがある」
ここでは 「かつて = 以前:before」 と考える
5. (1) has → did
(3) much → many
(5) for → since
(2) passed → have passed / is → was
(4) has been sending → has sent
(6) gone → been (7) was → has been / is
(1) What time did your brother had breakfast this morning ?
・what time, this morning は過去を表す語句
(2) Five years have passed since he was in Japan.
・since 以下は「過去形」にする
(3) Have you ever seen a panda ? ―― Yes, many times.
→ Yes, (I’ve seen it) many times. の省略形
(4) Masao has sent fifty e-mails already.
・already は「完了」を表す語
(5) Does anyone know whose bicycle this is ?
It's been left here since last week.
(6) Keiko has just been to the airport to meet him.
・just は「完了」を表す語に対し gone は結果を表す
(7) It has been [ is ] a long time since he wrote to us.
・It を主語にした言い方では「現在形」「現在完了形」の2通りが可能