第1部 序論

!"# $%&'()*+,-./"$01
23
4/5(6
7!89:;<=>(?@"A;<=BCD EFG:HI
J9KL9MN'OPQ%/R>(STUVWXY#Z[\?(]^_`abY
cdce(fg"#h/"$0"Q"ijQklmXnopqqrstuv
wxuyfz{#|}C~€hMu"‚‚JijƒO„…†(‡ˆM
‰Š‹Œ"-(Ž"#M9i!D-j#O/80
J{#‘
’“no‚O#l”|}•–Kno—˜™š›œ
9!lžŸ Y9no¡<¢+)5£
¤¥1¤‘n!O¦§¨'©-j#O/80ª«
…¬|}­u®¯+°-ks4uK±²u"#OMi!D
-jij/5!³{$ $%…¬´˜µ¶·¸¹kj9i!§¨/j/80/$
…†º»]U‚O#…†¼½¾¿¡y{#ÀÁª«Ã†Ä{
#h#O/80U$¹ŦÆ?ÇÈÉ_ʓ”RU’ˉŠ¶·"%
k_ÌV\"#OMi!ÍÎ580
ii!QkÏÐÑÒ%º»]ÓÔ$¹ÅÕƾ¿Ö×(ØÏ89!!ÙÚ
!ÛÇ(B!"%k…¬Ü-Ä"OÝÞ_Q‚Ýß_%\?(fg"#OM$¹
4Qk‘3
4/5(67!"$ $%/RàMáâ!"#;
<=ãäå:<=>!O¦0æ(?@"/80
<=ÆçԆXè(©8<=!"#éê``a"¼ëì<=†Xè(í
î9580
/$lKïz Y9Æ?K\?†Xè(ð/îñè(ò9i!5óô"$‡
Á(¡y"/80
!"#$%&'()*+,-./0
12!34*567!89:;<=88
>?@AB!CD-:EF60GHIJKLMNOPQRSTC!UKVWXN
*Y887Z![\F]!^_OP`Mab*Y
KcdNefghijeklhiKmnhdN
KcdNyc
{c
efghijekmhiKzhdN
ekfhijeklhiKzhdN
|f}
|kn
|km
|kf
|kk
|k
|k€
|kl
KmnhdN
ycKzhdN
|f~
|fg
Yop^_*78Z![\Fqr]OP`Mstuvwx*
Y
{cKzhdN
QRSTC!U*[
o6Q!9‚ƒ„
9‚ƒ„
…†0‡DF
QRST
C!U
!"#$
!"#$%&'()*+,-./01#023456
578
#9:;6<:=>?
2@ABC?DEF
%&'("#$
#G5H%IJKC?L.M5N%#GO,PQRST/0
1U2#GV6PW#G5H%XU?0
KY?Z[
)*
+,("#$
4\%1W]D
6^_`abcdefdg7K/%#C?W#Gh104\
ij(V
6^klabcdmng7WjiDopqEForst
1T
uvklwxyz_{W%0KY?ij:
-./
J|}
#G~2€‚ƒ„…
†J‡Owˆ‰Š‹ŒŽ?‘’i?H%XU
!"#“”•–—
#˜61™ši›W‘–
Rœ?
¡¢“”£¤rsP¥¦“”
!"#“”žŸEF —
2§¨©IªDEF‡
¢j«‰¬­® —¯°?
³´µ¶]DP„…u·¸k„…—–
p±²
‡¹º»¼¥¦“”66?
½±¾¿¢WÀÁ0Â?
!"#$%&
'()*+,-./01234 56789:;<"=>?89@ABC
+(#D+ED(FG
HIJ( K67LMDNO K67PQR67FESPT89UV
+WXY(D(FG
Z89K[\
]^_
`aUbScd
```efghij
Z89kl\
mnopmnq$
Z89rs\
tuvwx Wy7PT
z K67LMZ{|}~}\
€‚xƒ„…†‡*Pˆ
‰Š^Pˆ
‹DNOŒŽ
E‘6’“01”+X) ˆyF
Zq$•–\
op—˜_d
™™`šZ›`šœž\
q$—˜™_›š
q$Ÿ˜c` ¡¢
!"
!"#
$%&
'()*+,--.
X%&YZ
[\]^_
X%&H`Z
\_
ab:cdefg
X%&4hZ
ijklmnopqABeI
rstusvw)
xyz{9|}
~€I]^‚ƒ
„…#†#‡
ˆ‰Š‹vyzŒ)+;I=@
XfgŽZ
cd‘’“a
fg‘’”a
fg•–“—
”˜
/012345678*9:;<12*=>,?@ABCDEFGHI
JKLMNOOPQRSTUV$W9:56
<9-.
!"
#$%&'()*+,-./01234%56789:;8<=>?@A>+
BC
DEFGH !"IJBKLMA>NO3/+
P?QRS
TU5M%V>WB,GXY
?Z[\]^_`a]^?>+%C
bcdefM]^BGHXY%BP/ghiGKLHjkl
XY%G
J?Dmno> !"pql
Wrstq+/mniWJBQR()iuvw
x
i/GQRyXzK{1|}Oaeql
H~
]^?>+%C
!"
#$%&'()*+,- .'/0123456789:;<23=>?
@ABCDEF,- GH#$IJK4#$%LMN23OPQRI
STUV- .'/
WXYZ[\'(%]^_`,-.NabAcdOef'(gh.i=jklm)Nab^_nViopqrks)tuvV- .'/XY
wx4yz{UXb) |q}(ab~H€ NU‚
ƒ}(9:„=)a0B…†‡ˆ‰'Š‹TUV- .'/
!"
Œb5678Ž‘?X74’“”•A–KNV'))
—˜G™(YbIJtu‰ .'/
hšN›œžŸ f¡O¢£¤¥¦§¨¨©ª«¬™N­®¯
GH—˜°±01²op¬™XY³4´µyz{Ž7
¶'(#·¸¹BºH‹»¼½}H.'/
#$%&'()*+
,-./
¾¿;À)ÁÂÃěŒbÅ(ÆfÇ%BÅHÈÉc“ÊËÌÍÎÏ
@'(gÐ˛ÑÒÓԒ“œÕÖ×À)Ø .'/
–;ÙnV
AŒbÔÙ¥Ú¬r.H.NÛjÔÜÝ9š#·;<'(gÒÓG™(Þ
ßàá¢âãX GHäåæ56ãçsº‹)ÒÓԒ“L_rÔèé
TUV- .'/
0.1234567
áfeêë4”ì°¢fíîïð‘?X74ÆàñòóOôëõHöK
NV GH÷øùúV-(ûöüÏfýìþ–.-(@
A .'/KLMNw7Óv()ù4ýïð
ãU n™-H.»/
89:
;<"=
>?)@ABCD
Ã234…†œ23é
)XBœÕ
—˜æcdºH‹–)Ø .'/Œb78G œÕ%¬™
Nº‹z,-NX7G 04,X7s‚y–U .'/
A !G™(ãL'(
Ñ.Ø GH
RXïðA)Ø .'/
!"
!"
#$#%#&'()*"+,-./0*1234$
(56$7
89:;<=>6$#%?@ABCDEFGHIJKL*MNOLP
QR9"#STUVPW4XYT*Z[\]^_`ab3LP\LR
Ycd9e@f$#%
ghiTj9kl>6mgh*"+,nop"+,qr@6op9st6
$#%u:;vw>xy#'zg{*"+,|}3l<=9
~i>6ST'z*€UV:;PW4‚ƒ„d…†9‡@f$#%
#$%&'()*
"ˆ‰Š‹Œˆ&Ž‘’“*”•–—˜™_`>\š›>‡œ3
žŸf#4M ¡?O¢—9X£?fqq¤¥¦*§¨©ª«
9kl>6$#%
l¤¥¦*¬­®¯°:;…†±xx)kl©ª«²6&³
¡§¨´ªµ¶ab9e@f$#%
+,-./01234
·Š¸
¹$º»MUV¼7½¾q¿ÀO9Š}Á§?f(UVÂ_*©ª
«²
&}6&#ÃÄÅT9qÆe@f$#%#&ÇÈÉUV
ÊËÌ9ÍΤ?fSTkl>©ª«*UVÏ=ÐјÒ$¡ÓÔÕ©
Ö×͔\Ø>6ÙÚxÛÜ6$Ò¡9#ÃÄÅTÝx$#%
!
"#$%&'( )* +,-./*0123456789:& );<=>
?@A7B:&C-D
E!FGHIJ
KLFKMNOIJPQIJRSTU5$
IJVW7B-XYZ?@A[W\]^?_`ab((cIJdef
#gh[W:ijklmnoFipqrqst:&C-D
!"#$%&'()*
+,-.$/01234&..56
7
896:;<
,=$%1>
? @1&ABCD
AEFGFH6I:&
/012DJKALMNHO
;<
P.Q;<DRST
.IU1>
VW%XYZ[\
V]^_:&`a[\
Vb&c
;< d8ef6ghi&
V
jk%l"$gh1m 89$%&no
!"#$%&'()*+,
pqrstuvwbXYZ[\
x]
pEryz{|l"
} Q~.&`a
x]
pGr€"hef‚1&ƒWU
p„r…}†.U
‡kˆi‰ŠƒWU
-+,.!/012/031"
?R‹Œq
HŽ"h‹ŒE
HŽO.A‘’D6I%$A“‡”
&•–&W—c˜%™"šD?
›œ.$347
896:‹ŒEGHŽ"h
‹ŒE
HŽ
žHO6I:&Ÿ
,=1AMD Ÿx
]$¡>
MRšƒWU
¢£A“‡
¤¥DA‰•‰Š
‘¦DA§
¨no
8©D.ª«¬.6­
AŸ
®¯D°.Ÿ±²$%1>
!"#$%&'
()*+,-./01234567
+,8
9:;<3*=() >?@A;BCDEFGH>I J
KIL1MI1N
3O6#$%&'%P
1MI1N
;BCL
@Q34567RSI TUVIW>
GDEF 1MI1N
L1M
IXM
TUVIYZ
3O6#[\@]3^_E`E"#$%&'
7]abcde
fg8hEi!F+,8
9:Qjk@]lmj$12Qno-.Q3pF%8
qr
st
k3@];GL3uv&FA%-.QEs$#$%&'
%P
L]jk7]3jw#xQyE8
@]^_36G]3
zY{;|6P}~j!
&'
!"#$%&'()*+,-./01&)2345678&
9:;<=>:?@&AB3*
!"
C=DE,FGHIJK
JLMHNHO!P&AB3*
C=QRST=UVDEWX
Y&Z[ GO\]'^_
`abWcdefB3*%
ghij
kOP]l!OP]m
= On]op O\]&AB3
*
'()*+(,-./
!"#$%&'&
!"#$"%&'()*+,-&.'(/
/01234
567/89#:;<
%=>?*+&@A"'(0B2CDE0
F'(70G234HIE.#:;<
5JKL+MN 5JO7J3PQR*+"STUV5J
OWX@"ST#YD
0Y:#Z+[\R]&^A0_`"#:a&b
E.#:;<
0YTBJcdefgehijkl5
5'(//mn#
5
5
5
J0opD;7
J3&qr#:st89#:;&
'(//+8:uvwx&55JyJ0T#z{|qr#:}~8€
89#:;<
!
"#$%&'()*+,-."
/0&'()
1234-56
!
7877879/:;<34
."
/0&'()=
>234-56
"#"$%& !
!"
#$%&'
"()"*+,-./01&$234()%56,7$
89:2
"492()%,-./
;<=
">.?@ABC%D4EB
FGCHIJKLMN' %,-./O"PQRSIJ
'T%DHU,-./
WX
YZ[
WX
WX
\]^_`
\]MN
a\]KLMNb
\]MNFcH
\]ABFcH
\]EBFcH
\]IJ
\]PQRSKLIde
V
V
!"#$
%&'()*+,-./%0123#$456789:;0<=>?@AB@
CD@?EFGHIJ-KLM-=NOPQRSTUHIJ=VWXYZ[\
]J1=^_Q`aTUHIJ=bcPQdefghiZ[J1Q;jkl
mn#$456789o;0<=pqrstJ-KLM-=urs
tJ=vw\]J=xyz{|J=}~€‚J1Q;jkl
¡(
¢¡(
£
>?@AB@CD@?EFGHI
¤
¥¦
pqrst
§¤
¥¨
©
NOPQRSTUHI
¤
¥
urst
§¤
¥
ª
VWXYZ[\]
§¤
«
vw\]
§¤
¬
­
^_Q`aTUHI
§¤
«
xyz{|
§¤
(
bcPQdefghiZ[
§¤
«
}~€‚
§¤
®¬
ƒ„…4'=„…456J-†&156789:<=urstJ1Q;
‡LM-=pqrstJ=ˆ‰FG‚J=}~€‚J=xyz
{|J1Šjkl
mn56789o<=‹Œ@ŽCstJ-M-=bcPQdefg
hiZ[J=S‘’“”&j•LJ=–—˜™Z[š›œJ=^_QžSŸ
HIJ1Q;jkl
¡(
¢¡(
£
urst
®¤
¦§
‹Œ@ŽCst
¤
§¯
©
pqrst
®¤
®®
bcPQdefghiZ[
¤
®¥
ª
ˆ‰FG‚
®¤
®¬
S‘’“”&j•L
¤
®§
­
}~€‚
®¤
¬
–—˜™Z[š›œ
¤
®¯
(
xyz{|
®¤
§¦
^_QžSŸHI
¤
¦®
!""#$%
&#$%'()*)
+,-./-0123+,$45
67
67$%""67$% !%8967$:;&
67$:;'()*)
+,-./-0123+,$45
!"#$%&
'( !"#$)&*+,-.$/0*1232!"456789
:;<=
>?@ABCDEF*GHI
,-JKL.MNN
O<PHI
>?@k
#Q45RSP'( #U45RSU
VWXLi U'( U`lJmn$opH2qcrs
82bI
>?@t
#Q45RTP'( #U45RTU
VWXL$u0HbfvfgYZ$wxHbiQjbI
>?@C
#Q45RTP'( #L45RSU
VWXL$u0Hbfvfgopy$wxHbiQjbI
#Q45RSP'( #L45RTU
VWXLYZ[$\]*^8_'( $`abcdefg$h
diQjbI
>?@A
!"#$%
!&#$'()*+,-./$
!"#$%#&'#"()*
+
,-./01
++
23456789)*
+
+
+
::
;<=>?
+
@ABCDEFDGH
IJKL
+
MN5OP89)*
:
+
:+
@A&'QRS
+
+
:
TUKLVWXYSH
+
:
Z[\]JKL
+
:^
0_`MN5ab)*
+
cdefg
+
hij#kijlm
+
^^
noVp`qX)*
rstefg
:
Quvwtxa#@y)*
+
:
z{|X}~€
+
k]J<‚ƒ„…†YSH
+
:+
Mt‡ˆ‰GŠ‹
+
:+
ŒŽƒ)*VWXYSH
“”•–—˜™š›œžsŸt” ˜™š›œž
¡¢£¤
¥£
¤
+
¦§45¨©ª«¬­Y®
:+
+
7¯°±VWX²³´µ¶
^
+
‹·G¸Y®¹º»¼
+
^
½¾¿HY®KL
:
+
MN5ŽÀ7Á)*
^
+
3ÂOP¹º»¼
^
+
^
ÃÄAÅÆÇÈÉʁ
^+
+
:
ƒ„ËXÌ`OÍÎÀ>?
^:
+
ÏÐÏÑY®
+
!Òe0_0ÓÔ
^
+
՛5Ö×89Ô_
^:
+
τØ-
+
ÙÚ´µ¶
:
+
^^
+
^
^
ƒ„#‘&’
!"#$%&
'()
*
+,-.*/012
+34,)
'5)*
-6+,-.*/012
-6+
34,)789:;<;<"=>,?,@
'()
'5)ABC;<D"$&EF:A
BGHI
'();<'
5);<"J3K:?E@
L*MNOPQ+
&
*RSTUVWX+
&
*YZ[$\]^_`+aID'bc-6K
:?E@
'()
'5)ABC;<D"$&*def6g
hijklmn+&*op^qrst$mXu+&*vwxumnyz+aI
'
();<'t{(-&*|}B~+&*MNOPQ+aI
'5);
<'t{(-6K:?E@
!"
#$%&'()*+,-()./0123456789:;<=>
?@ABCD:EFG56#$%HIJK
&'LM8NOPQR;<SITUVW89!X,YZ[(8\N
]^_`abXca8defghi8j5k#l,Y8XmnopWq
5rks7tuP#vMcPw2x#789
Cyz{k5|}-A~€
€‚ƒW€„…†‡56789~ˆ
„
‰Š‹ŒŽ„
‘’5j5^X_`w2|}%“”•8
j5–—7"789l˜|}
q™#š›JvM*+|}%
œLMclžŸ q¡¢£55D¤R¥¦R§¨©ªk«¬
­®¯°±²³´a|}%a!c
µ¶hiMN·¸7WD¹ºc
FGWbX8j5W\fguP#w2W89
»¼½¾¿ÀÁ-ÂÃCRÄWÅÆÇÈÉÊ-*+ËÅÆSI£6
789DFG:Ìd^cÍÎÏÐaÑÒÓÅÔ|ÕÖ×-£
55DØ˖—NÅÆÙÚÛaÜÆ_`ÉÝ"Pw2x#789
!XމSI8N7tß5àºáFeÌ-w2Wx#j"
7WMN\µ¶hiD5âãäåDæNçè7#éH8QSI?N
X"789
!"#$%&'()*
7têëìíîŽïsðYV^ñ7ñò9Ëóô>õt
€öØˆ
öØmnopS,·Dtld\ÉqY÷55D7t(8
ø#ùcPj512W89úND,·Dt“\ûüWDxlõý
þqNFGXW-a^ûd^ce
a£6Pw2x#789
+,-
,./01
2345
¹BR¹º(8
ºR¿|7#ÂÃd 5ðÅN
vM8w2x#7895#‰Ãóde“\
#Ê-?NX"789¥¦=>W!"l¸
qà5c|R¥¦£w2x#7897|
Ëóhi!"µ¶-
()aç(8
Ê-Ù¹BR¹ºbXcPj5W\fghiMNPw2x#7
89
!"#
$%&'()*+,
-./0*1230%456758*9:;
<=
>)%?@A
'BCDE.)FGCH1IJK$8?L)F?@AMN
OP1QRS
TKUVW/0*123XYZ[\]
L^F_`a8&bcT
Dd$ef88a
1IJK$%gCDhi
jVkl1IJK$DjV
0*Km8On<Q23