Title Author(s) Citation Issue Date ニヴフ語東サハリン方言の複数標識 -gun について 蔡, 熙鏡 北方人文研究 ＝ Journal of the Center for Northern Humanities, 7: 71-81 2014-03-31 DOI Doc URL http://hdl.handle.net/2115/55038 Right Type bulletin (other) Additional Information File Information jcnh07-04-CHAE.pdf Instructions for use Hokkaido University Collection of Scholarly and Academic Papers : HUSCAP 71 ⎇ޛⓥࡁ࠻ޜ ࠾ࡧࡈ⺆᧲ࠨࡂࡦᣇ⸒ߩⶄᢙᮡ⼂ -gun ߦߟߡ ⬰ ᾨ㏜ ᧲੩ᄖ࿖⺆ᄢቇᄢቇ㒮ඳ჻ᓟᦼ⺖⒟/ᣣᧄቇⴚᝄ⥝ળ․⎇ⓥຬ ߪߓߦ ࠾ࡧࡈ⺆ߪ࡞ࡓࠕޔᎹਅᵹၞߣࠨࡂࡦፉߩ৻ㇱၞߢߐࠇߡࠆዋᢙ᳃ᣖߩ⸒ ⺆ߢࠆޕฎࠕࠫࠕ⻉⺆ߪߚ߹ޔฎࠪࡌࠕ⻉⺆ߣಽ㘃ߐࠇࠆߎߣ߇ࠆ߇⛔♽ޔ㑐ଥ ߪࠄ߆ߦߐࠇߡߥޕ ᣇ⸒ߪޔᄢ߈ߊࠕࡓ࡞ᣇ⸒ߣࠨࡂࡦᣇ⸒ߦᄢߐࠇߩ߆ߟߊࠇߙࠇߘޔਅᣇ ⸒ߦಽߌࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ࡞ࡓࠕޕᣇ⸒ߩ႐วߪޔᄢ㒽ߩࠕࡓ࡞Ꮉਅᵹၞߢߐࠇ ߡࠆޟᄢ㒽ࠕࡓ࡞ᣇ⸒ࡦࡂࠨߣޠፉߩᶏጯߢߐࠇߡࠆࡦࡂࠨޟᣇ⸒ޠ ޔ ߘߒߡࠨࡂࡦፉߩࠪࡘࡒ࠶࠻ඨፉၞߢߐࠇߡࠆޟർࠨࡂࡦ (ࠪࡘࡒ࠶࠻) ᣇ ⸒ࡦࡂࠨޔࠇࠄ߇ޠᣇ⸒ߩ႐วߪࡦࡂࠨޔፉߩ᧲ᶏጯ߅ࠃ߮࠻࠘ࡒᎹᵹၞߢ ߐࠇߡࠆࡦࡂࠨ᧲ޟᣇ⸒ࠗ࠽ࡠࡐߣޠᎹᵹၞߢߐࠇߡߚޟධࠨࡂࡦ (ࡐࡠ࠽ ࠗࠬࠢ) ᣇ⸒( ࠆࠇࠄߡ┙߇ޠPanfilov 1962: 1, Krejnovich 1979: 296, Gruzdeva 1998: 7, Shiraishi 2006: 10-11)ޕ ࠾ࡧࡈ⺆ߩฬ⹖ߪޔනᢙߣⶄᢙߦߐࠇⶄޔᢙࠍߔߚߦߪⶄޔᢙᮡ⼂ߩ -gun1 ࠍ ઃടߔࠆᣇᴺߣฬ⹖⺆ᐙࠍ㊀ⶄߔࠆᣇᴺ߇↪ࠄࠇࠆޕቯᒻേ⹖ߦ߽ -gun ߇ઃടߐࠇޔ ਥ⺆߇ⶄᢙߢࠆߎߣࠍߔߎߣ߇ࠆ߇⟵ޔോ⊛ߥ߽ߩߢߪߥޕ ቯᒻേ⹖ߦઃടߐࠇߡࠆ -gun ߩᗧᯏ⢻ߦ㑐ߒߡߪޔ㊄ሶ (2010: 46) ߇ࠕࡓ࡞ ᣇ⸒ߦߟߡోޟ߇৻✜ߦⴕേߒߡࠆߣ߈ߦߪⶄᢙ␜ߦߥࠆߎߣ߇ᄙࠃ߁ߦߺ ߃ࠆߚ߹ޔࠅ߅ߡߒ⸥ߣޠਤ⩵ (2012: 117) ߪ࠻࠘ࡒᎹᵹၞ߅ࠃ߮ᴡญၞߩ᧲ࠨࡂ ࡦᣇ⸒2 ߩⶄᢙᮡ⼂ߦߟߡ࡞ࡓࠕޔᣇ⸒ߣหߓᯏ⢻ࠍᜬߟߣㅀߴߡࠆޕ ᧄⓂߢߪࡦࡂࠨ᧲⺆ࡈࡧ࠾ޔᣇ⸒ߩ࠹ࠠࠬ࠻⾗ᢱ߆ࠄⶄᢙᮡ⼂ -gun ߩᒻᘒ⛔⺆ ⊛ߥ߰ࠆ߹ࠍ⺞ߴߚ⚿ᨐࠍၮߦߦ⺆⊛⋡ޔઃടߐࠇߡࠆ -gun ߪޔਥ⺆߇ⶄᢙߢ ࠆߎߣࠍߔߎߣ߇ࠅߩߘޔ㓙ߦߪ㈩ಽ⊛ߥ (distributive) ⸃㉼ߦᓇ㗀ߒߡࠆน⢻ ᕈ߇ࠆߎߣࠍᜰ៰ߔࠆޕ એਅߢߪ ╙ߕ߹ޔ2 ▵ߢ࠾ࡧࡈ⺆ߩⶄᢙᮡ␜ߦ㑐ߔࠆవⴕ⎇ⓥࠍ◲නߦ߹ߣ ╙ޔ3 ▵ߢ࠹ࠠࠬ࠻⾗ᢱ߆ࠄᓧࠄࠇߚ↪ߩಽᨆ⚿ᨐࠍឭ␜ߔࠆޕᰴߦ ╙ޔ4 ▵ߢ᧲ࠨࡂࡦ ᣇ⸒ߩⶄᢙᮡ⼂ -gun ߇ਥ⺆ߩⶄᢙᕈࠍߒߡࠆߣᕁࠊࠇࠆࠍឭ␜ߒޔ㈩ಽ⊛ߥᗧ ⸃㉼ߣߩ㑐ଥߦߟߡㅀߴࠆ ╙ޕ5 ▵ߢߪᦺޔ㞲⺆ߣߩ⧯ᐓߩኻᾖࠍⴕ ╙ޔ6 ▵ߢ * ᧄⓂߩᚑߦߚߞߡ⾆ޔ㊀ߥߏᜰ៰ߣࠦࡔࡦ࠻ࠍߒߡߊߛߐߞߚᩏ⺒⠪ߩవ↢ߦᷓߊᗵ⻢↳ ߒߍߚ⎇ᧄޔ߅ߥޕⓥߪޔᢥㇱ⑼ቇ⋭⑼ቇᛛⴚ⎇ⓥ⾌ഥ㊄ (․⎇ⓥຬᅑബ⾌; 2410830) ߩഥᚑࠍฃߌߡⴕࠊࠇߚޕ 1 -gun ߪ᧲ࠨࡂࡦᣇ⸒ߢ↪ࠄࠇࠆᒻᑼߢࠅ߇ࠇߘޔઃടߐࠇࠆᒻᘒ⚛ߩᧃሶ㖸ߦࠃߞߡ -kun~-gun~-ᖤun~-xun ߩ⇣ᒻᘒࠍᜬߟ࡞ࡓࠕޕᣇ⸒ߢߪ -gu ߩᒻᑼ߇↪ࠄࠇࠆޕ 2 ਤ⩵ (2012) ߢߪࡒ࠘࠻ޔᎹᵹၞ߅ࠃ߮ർㇱ᧲ᶏጯߢߐࠇߡࠆࠨࡂࡦᣇ⸒ߩਅᣇ⸒ࠍ ࡦࡂࠨޟർㇱᣇ⸒ߣޠࠎߢࠆ߇ᧄޔⓂߢߪޟޔർࠨࡂࡦ (ࠪࡘࡒ࠶࠻) ᣇ⸒ߩߣޠᷙੂ ࠍㆱߌࠆߚߦࡦࡂࠨ᧲ޟᣇ⸒ߩޠฬ⒓ࠍ↪ࠆߎߣߦߔࠆޕ 72 ർᣇੱᢥ⎇ⓥ╙ޓ㧣ภޓᐕ㧟 ߪᓟ⸃ߔߴ߈㗴ὐࠍ␜ߔޕ వⴕ⎇ⓥ ࠕࡓ࡞ᣇ⸒ߩᢥᴺᦠߢࠆ Panfilov (1962: 92) ߩⶄᢙᮡ␜ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⸥ㅀߦࠃࠆߣޔ ਥ⺆ߩᜰ␜ኻ⽎߇ⶄᢙߢࠆ႐วޔਥ⺆ߣㅀ⺆ߩਔᣇߦⶄᢙᮡ⼂߇ઃടߐࠇࠆ႐วߣޔ ਥ⺆ߣㅀ⺆ߩਔᣇߦઃടߐࠇߥ႐วߡߒߘޔਥ⺆ߣㅀ⺆ߩߤߜࠄ߆ߦߩߺઃടߐࠇࠆ ႐วߩ 4 ߟߩࡄ࠲ࡦ߇ࠅᓧࠆޔߚ߹ޕ4 ߟߩࡄ࠲ࡦߩ߁ߜ߇ࠇߤޔㆬᛯߐࠇࠆ߆ ߪᢥ⣂ߦࠃࠆߣߎࠈ߇ࠆߣㅀߴߡࠆޕ Nedjalkov & Otaina (2012: 51) ߪ࡞ࡓࠕޔᣇ⸒ߦ㑐ߒߡޔ ⶄޟᢙࠍࠧ࠹ࠞߩޠᰴ ߩࠃ߁ߦ⺑ߒߡࠆޕ (a) නᢙᒻߪනᢙߣⶄᢙޔਔᣇߩᗧߦ⸃㉼ߐࠇᓧࠆޕ (b) ⽎ฬ⹖ߪⶄᢙᒻࠍᜬߚߥޕ (c) ⾰㊂ฬ⹖ߣ㓸วฬ⹖ߪⶄᢙᒻࠍขࠅᓧࠆ߇ⶄޔᢙߩᗧߪᜬߚߥޕ (d) ੱฬ߿ⷫᣖฬ⒓ߩⶄᢙᒻߪㄭૃⶄᢙ (representative plurality) ߩᗧࠍߔޕ ৻ᣇޔਤ⩵ (2012: 115) ߪࡦࡂࠨ᧲ޔᣇ⸒ߩⶄᢙᮡ␜ߦߟߡޟฬ⹖ (น▚ฬ⹖) ߇ ⶄᢙߩ႐วߪ⟵ോ⊛ߦઃടߐࠇࠆޕേ⹖ߩ႐วߪࠝࡊ࡚ࠪ࠽࡞ߢࠆߣޠㅀߴߡ߅ࠅޔ ฬ⹖ߩⶄᢙᮡ␜ߩ⟵ോᕈߦ㑐ߒߡߪࠕࡓ࡞ᣇ⸒ߣߩ㑆ߢᏅ߇ࠄࠇࠆޕ (1) Panfilov (1962: 99) (2) ਤ⩵ (2012: 116) im qan ᖤ-dᦚ-ᖤu *qan 3PL ࠗ ึ߃ࠆ-IND-PL ࠗ ޟᓐࠄߩ›߇ึ߃ߚޠ ve-d-ᖤun ㅢࠆ-IND-PL ߇ࠗޟㅢߞߚޠ ߟ߹ࠅ(ޔ1) ߩࠕࡓ࡞ᣇ⸒ߢߪਥ⺆߇නᢙߢߞߡ߽ㅀ⺆ߦⶄᢙᮡ⼂߇ઃടߐࠇᓧ ࠆߩߦኻߒ(ޔ2) ߩ᧲ࠨࡂࡦᣇ⸒ߢߪߘࠇ߇⸵ߐࠇߥޕ-gun ߪቯᒻേ⹖ߦઃടߐࠇ ߡਥ⺆߇ⶄᢙߢࠆߎߣࠍߔᯏ⢻ࠍᜬߟ߇ޔධࠨࡂࡦ (ࡐࡠ࠽ࠗࠬࠢ) ᣇ⸒ߦ㑐ߒ ߡㅀߴߡࠆ㜞ᯅ (1942) ߦߪޔએਅߩࠃ߁ߥ⸥ㅀ߇ࠆޕ േ⹖ߩⶄᢙࠍߔߦߪޔฬ⹖ߩⶄᢙࠍࠆᤨߣห᭽ߦޔਇቯᴺߩᒻߦ -kunޔ-un ࠍߟ ߌࠆߒ߆ߒޕᗧߐ߳ㅢߓࠇ߫ߥࠆߴߊ⋭⇛ߔࠆߩ߇᥉ㅢߢࠆޔࠄ߆ߛޕਥᩰߣㅀ⺆ߣ ߪᢞߩߢߪᔅߕߒ߽⋧ᙥߖߕޔߪߦᤨޔਥᩰߪ༞ᢞߢ߽⋡⊛ᩰ߇ⶄᢞߥࠆ߇ߦㅀ⺆ࠍ ⶄᢞߦߔࠆߐ߳ࠆ ޕ 㜞ᯅ (1942: 49) ߟ߹ࠅޔධࠨࡂࡦ (ࡐࡠ࠽ࠗࠬࠢ) ᣇ⸒ߦ߅ߡߪޔㅀ⺆ߦઃടߐࠇߚⶄᢙᮡ⼂߇ ⋡⊛⺆ߩⶄᢙࠍߔߎߣ߇ࠆࠃ߁ߢࠆޕ㜞ᯅ (1942) ߩߎߩ⸥ㅀߦ㑐ㅪߒޔਤ⩵ (2012) ߪ㓞ធߔࠆࠕࠗ⺆ࠨࡂࡦᣇ⸒߆ࠄᓇ㗀ߐࠇߡࠆน⢻ᕈ߇ࠆߣᜰ៰ߒߡ ࠆޕ ⬰ޓᾨ㏜ࡦࡂࠨ᧲⺆ࡈࡧ࠾ޓޓᣇ⸒ߩⶄᢙᮡ⼂IWPߦߟߡ IWPߩᒻᘒ⛔⺆⊛ߥ․ᓽ ߎߎߢߪ╩ޔ⠪ߩ⺞ᩏߢᓧࠄࠇߚ࠹ࠠࠬ࠻⾗ᢱߣਤ⩵ࡄࠢ࠽ (2008) ࠍ↪ ߡ3ࡦࡂࠨ᧲ޔᣇ⸒ߦ߅ߌࠆ -gun ߩᒻᘒ⛔⺆⊛ߥ߰ࠆ߹ࠍᬌ⸛ߔࠆޕಽᨆߩ㓙ߦ ߪߕ߹ޔ-gun ߇ઃടߐࠇߡࠆ⺆ࠍຠ⹖ߦಽ㘃ߒߚޔฬ⹖ߪᖱ‛ (animate) ߣ ήᖱ‛ (inanimate) ߦޔേ⹖ߪᕈ⾰േ⹖ߣ㕖ᕈ⾰േ⹖4 ߦߐࠄߦਅಽ㘃ࠍⴕߞߚޕಽ 㘃ߩ⚿ᨐࠍ 1 ߦ␜ߔޕ 㪈㪑㩷㪄㪾㫌㫅㩷 䈏ઃട䈘䉏䈩䈇䉎⺆䈱ຠ⹖䈮䉋䉎ಽ㘃㩷 ຠ⹖ ↪ᢙ ฬ⹖ േ⹖ ઍฬ⹖ ᖱ‛ 105 ήᖱ‛ 21 㕖ᕈ⾰േ⹖ 55 ᕈ⾰േ⹖ 1 ᜰ␜ઍฬ⹖ 7 ⇼ઍฬ⹖ 2 ว⸘ 191 (66.0%) (29.3%) (4.7%) (100%) ฬ⹖IWP 1 ߦࠆࠃ߁ߦޔ-gun ߪᖱ‛ฬ⹖ߣήᖱ‛ฬ⹖ߩਔᣇߦઃടߐࠇᓧࠆ߇ޔᖱ ‛ฬ⹖ߦઃߡࠆ߇ୟ⊛ߦᄙޕήᖱ‛ฬ⹖ߦߪ haps ޔޠ⨲ࠬࡊࡂޟharᦘޟ᮸ ⊹ኈེޠ ޔkᦘazmޔޠ⟂ࡓ࠭ࠞޟacx ޟ⣉ޠ ޔcᦘa߅ޟ㊄ޔ߆߶ߩޠqᦘalޟ᳁ᣖޔޠqᦘaޟฬ ೨‛ߥ߁ࠃߩޠฬ⹖એᄖߩ߽ࠄࠇߚޕએਅߦߘࠇߙࠇߩࠍߍߡ߅ߊޕ (3) ਤ⩵ࡄࠢ࠽ (2008: 13) haps-kun iᖪ-in-t vi-d-ᖤun ࡂࡊࠬ-PL 㘩ߴࠆ-INT-CVB.3PL ⴕߊ-IND-PL ߡߞߣࠍ⨲ࠬࡊࡂޟ㘩ߴࠆߚߦⴕߞߚޠ (4) ਤ⩵ࡄࠢ࠽ (2008: 31) hu-kᦘazm-ᖤun xici-rᦘ ߘߩ-ࠞ࠭ࡓ⟂-PL ᒁ߈ߍࠆ-CVB.3SG ࠍ⟂ࡓ࠭ࠞߩߘޟᒁߞᒛߞߡޠ (5) hu-cᦘa-ᖤun-ᖤirᦘ pᦘe-r ki ᖤe-ta larᦘq ߘߩ-߅㊄-PL-INS ⥄ಽ-DAT 㕦 ⾈߁-ENU.1SG ᖤe-ta ⾈߁-ENU.1SG ߪ⑳(ޟࠍߒߡ߆ࠄ߽ࠄߞߚ) ߘߩ߅㊄ߢ⥄ಽߩ㕦ࠍ⾈ߞߡޠߚߞ⾈ࠍޔ ਤ⩵ࡄࠢ࠽ (2008) ߪࡈࡧ࠾ޔりߩࡧ࠺ࠖࡒ࡞ࡒࡂࠗࡠࡧࠖ࠴ࠨࡦࠡ᳁߇ 1970 ᐕઍߦណ㍳ߒߚ㍳㖸⾗ᢱߩ৻ㇱࠍᢥሼൻߒߚ߽ߩߢࠅࠅ⺆ޔᚻߪࠨࡂࡦፉ᧲ᶏጯၞりߩ ᅚᕈߢࠆ╩ޕ⠪ߩ⾗ᢱߩ⺆ࠅᚻ߽ࡦࡂࠨޔፉ᧲ᶏጯၞりߩᅚᕈߢࠆޕ 4 ࠾ࡧࡈ⺆ߢߪޔᒻኈ⹖ߣ߫ࠇࠆຠ⹖ߪേ⹖ߣ߶ߣࠎߤหߓᒻᘒ⺰ࠍ␜ߔ (ㇱ 1944: 53) ߎ ߣ߆ࠄޔᒻኈ⹖ߩ⺆㘃ࠍ┙ߡߥߩ߇৻⥸⊛ߢࠆߩ⺆ࡈࡧ࠾ޔࠅ߹ߟޕേ⹖ߪᕈ⾰േ⹖ߣ㕖ᕈ ⾰േ⹖ߦਅಽ㘃ߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆޕ 3 73 74 ർᣇੱᢥ⎇ⓥ╙ޓ㧣ภޓᐕ㧟 ߐࠄߦޔ-gun ߇ઃടߐࠇߚฬ⹖ 126 ߩ߁ߜ 75 ߪᢥߩਥ⺆ߢࠆߜ߁ߩࠄࠇߘޕ 1 ࠍ㒰ߊ 74 ߪᖱ‛ฬ⹖ߢࠆޕ એਅߩߪޔήᖱ‛ฬ⹖ acxޟ⣉ ߦޠ-gun ߇ઃߡਥ⺆ߦ↪ࠄࠇߡࠆߢࠆޕ (6) in acx-kun kl-ta 3PL ⣉-PL ut paq-ta 㐳-ENU.3PL ha-d-ᖤun-furu ⍴-ENU.3PL ߘ߁ߢࠆ-IND-PL-HRS ޟᓐࠄߪ⣉߇㐳ߊޔ߇⍴߆ߞߚߘ߁ߛޠ Panfilov (1976: 22) ߪਥᩰฬ⹖ฏࠃࠅ߽ᢳᩰฬ⹖ฏߩ႐วߦⶄᢙᮡ⼂߇⪭ߜ߿ߔߣ ㅀߴߡࠆޔߪߣߎߩߎޕਥ⺆ߦߪᖱ‛ฬ⹖߇᧪ࠆߎߣ߇ᄙߊⶄߦࠄߐޔᢙᮡ⼂߇ή ᖱ‛ฬ⹖ࠃࠅᖱ‛ฬ⹖ߦઃߊߎߣ߇ᄙߣ߁ߎߣߦ࿃ߔࠆ߽ߩߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ߹ޕ ߚޔPanfilov (1962: 113) ߦߪࠆࠁࠊޔㄭૃⶄᢙߩᗧࠍߒߡࠆ߇ឭ␜ߐࠇߡ ࠆޕᰴߦߘߩࠍ␜ߔޕ (7) Panfilov (1962: 113) Xevgun-gu aro-t vi-in-dᦚ Xevgun-PL ⟂ࠍដߌࠆ-CVB.3PL ⴕߊ-INT-IND ࠍ⟂ޔߪߜߚࡦࠣࡧࡋޟដߌࠆߚߦⴕߊޠ (7) ߩ Xevgun-gu ߪޔ ߣࡦࠣࡧࡋޟ߫ࠇࠆⶄᢙߩੱޔߊߥߪߢޠ ߩߘߣࡦࠣࡧࡋޟખ 㑆ߚߜ߁ߣޠᗧࠍߔޕNedjalkov & Otaina (2012: 50) ߪ࡞ࡓࠕޔᣇ⸒ߦ߅ߡޔ ੱߩฬ೨߿ⷫᣖฬ⒓ߩⶄᢙᒻߪㄭૃⶄᢙߩᗧࠍߔߣߒߡࠆޕᰴߦ␜ߔߩࠃ߁ߦ ᧲ࠨࡂࡦᣇ⸒ߦ߅ߡ߽ੱฬ߿ⷫᣖฬ⒓ߦઃടߐࠇߚ -gun ߪㄭૃⶄᢙߩᗧࠍ ߔޕ (8) tk-ᖤun-a tuk-to pᦘrᦘ-gu-d ߅ῳߐࠎ-PL-CAUSEE ߎߎ-DAT ᧪ࠆ-CAUS-IND ߅ޟῳߐࠎߚߜࠍߎߎ߳᧪ߐߖߚޠ (8) ߩ tk-ᖤun߅ޟῳߐࠎߚߜ߅ޟߪޠῳߐࠎߣߘߩખ㑆ߚߜ߁ߣޠᗧࠍߔߐޕ ࠄߦޔᢙ⹖ߪฬ⹖ߩ೨ߦ᧪ࠆߎߣ߽ࠇ߫ޔᓟࠈߦߊࠆ႐ว߽ࠅߩࠄߜߤޔ㗅ᐨ߽น ⢻ߢࠆ߇ޔฬ⹖ߦ -gun ߇ઃടߐࠇߡࠆߪ߁ߌࠄࠇߥޕૉߒޔฬ⹖+ᢙ⹖ߩ 㗅ᐨߢߪฬ⹖ߦ -gun ߇ઃടߐࠇࠆߎߣ߇ࠆࠃ߁ߢࠆ5ޕ (9) a. ax raf 6 ኅ ޟ6 イߩኅޠ b. taf-kun ax ኅ-PL 6 ޟኅ 6 イޠ ਤ⩵ࡄࠢ࠽ (2008) ߩ✬⠪ߢࠆࠟ࠽ࡄࠢ࠽ߐࠎߩߏᢎ␜ߦࠃࠆޕᓐᅚ߽᧲ࠨ ࡂࡦᣇ⸒⠪ߢࠆޕ 5 ⬰ޓᾨ㏜ࡦࡂࠨ᧲⺆ࡈࡧ࠾ޓޓᣇ⸒ߩⶄᢙᮡ⼂IWPߦߟߡ 75 ቯᒻേ⹖IWP -gun ߪ㕖ቯᒻേ⹖ߦઃടߐࠇࠆߎߣߪߥߊޔኾࠄቯᒻേ⹖ߦߩߺઃടߐࠇࠆޕ࿁ ↪ߚ࠺࠲ߢߪ ޔ1 ߦࠆࠃ߁ߦߘߩ߶ߣࠎߤ߇㕖ᕈ⾰േ⹖ߦઃടߐࠇߡ߅ࠅޔᕈ ⾰േ⹖ߦઃടߐࠇߡࠆߪᰴߩ 1 ߩߺߢߞߚޕ (10) ਤ⩵ࡄࠢ࠽ (2008: 42) pᦘake fake aw ᖤl-d-ᖤun ߛࠎߛࠎ ߛࠎߛࠎ ჿ 㐳-IND-PL )ߩߜߚࡦࡑࡖࠪ(ޟჿ߇ߛࠎߛࠎ㐳ߊߥߞߚޠ (10) ߪᕈ⾰േ⹖ ᖤl-ޟ㐳/㐳ߊߥࠆ6 ߦޠ-gun ߇ઃടߐࠇߡࠆߢࠆޔߦࠄߐޕ ⋧⊛ߥേࠍߔേ⹖ߩ႐วߪޔቯᒻേ⹖ߢ↪ࠄࠇߚᤨߦ -gun ࠍขࠅ߿ߔߣ ߁น⢻ᕈ߇ࠆޔ߫߃ޕvarᦘk-ޟ༗ནߔࠆߩޠേ⹖ߪޔቯᒻേ⹖ߦ↪ࠄࠇߚ 2 ߣ ߽ -gun ߇ઃടߐࠇߡࠆޕᰴߦᒰߩࠍ␜ߔޕ (11) ਤ⩵ࡄࠢ࠽ (2008: 35) arᦘqif-kin kᦘeq-ᖤin, hmdᦚit varᦘk-d-ᖤun ࠲ࠦ-COM ࠠ࠷ࡀ-COM ߘ߁߁߰߁ߦ ༗ནߔࠆ-IND-PL ߦ߁߰߁߁ߘߪࡀ࠷ࠠߣࠦ࠲ޟߞߡߚޠ ቯᒻേ⹖ߦ -gun ߇ઃߡࠆ 56 ߩߔߴߡߪޔਥ⺆߇ⶄᢙߢࠆߎߣࠍߒߡࠆޕ ઍฬ⹖IWP Panfilov (1962: 235) ߪੱ⒓ઍฬ⹖ߩⶄᢙᒻߦ߽ⶄᢙᮡ⼂߇ઃടߐࠇᓧࠆߣㅀߴߡ ࠆ߇ⶄޔᢙᮡ⼂߇ઃടߐࠇߚ႐วߣߘ߁ߢߥ႐วߣߩ㑆ߦߤߩࠃ߁ߥᗧߩᏅ߇ࠆ ߆ߪࠄ߆ߢߪߥޕ࿁ߩ࠺࠲߆ࠄߪੱ⒓ઍฬ⹖ߦઃടߐࠇߚߪࠄࠇߕޔᜰ␜ ઍฬ⹖ߣ⇼ઍฬ⹖ߦઃടߐࠇߡࠆ߇ߘࠇߙࠇ 7 ޔ2 ⏕ߢ߈ߚޕ (12) ਤ⩵ࡄࠢ࠽ (2008: 33) hud-ᖤun tᦘunᖤu-rᦘ iᖪ-d ߘࠇ-PL ߣࠆ-CVB.3SG 㘩ߴࠆ-IND ߡߞߣࠍࠄࠇߘޟ㘩ߴߚޠ (13) ਤ⩵ࡄࠢ࠽ (2008: 33) nud-ᖤun ᖤe-n iᖪ-i-d? -PL ߣࠆ-CVB.1SG 㘩ߴࠆ-FUT-IND ޟࠍߣߞߡ㘩ߴࠆ㧫ޠ ㇱ (1944: 53) ߪ࠾ࡧࡈ⺆ߩᒻኈ⹖ ( = ᕈ⾰േ⹖) ߦߟߡߦ⥸৻ޟᒻኈ⹖ߣⒶߖࠄࠇߡዬࠆ ຠ⹖ߪࠡࡗࠢ⺆ (࠾ࡧࡈ⺆ߩߎߣ; ╩⠪ᵈ) ߢߪหᤨߦേ⹖ߢ߽ࠆߣޠㅀߴޔ ޟᄢ߈ޠ ޟᥦ ߆ޠ ޟ⠧ߚޟޠᒝߪ⺆ߩߤߥޠหᤨߦߘࠇߙࠇޟᄢ߈ߊߥࠆޟޠᥦ߆ߊߥࠆޟޠ⠧ࠆޠ ޟᒝ ߊߥࠆ߁ߣޠᗧࠍᜬߟߣᜰ៰ߒߡࠆޕ 6 76 ർᣇੱᢥ⎇ⓥ╙ޓ㧣ภޓᐕ㧟 ࠾ࡧࡈ⺆ߩ㈩ಽ⊛ⶄᢙᕈ FKUVTKDWVKXGRNWTCNKV[ Gruzdeva (1997) ߪߪߦ⺆ࡈࡧ࠾ޔ㈩ಽ⊛ߥᗧࠍߔ․ߥᒻᑼ߇ߥߊߩߘޔᗧ ߪ㊀ⶄߩᒻᘒ⺰⊛ߥᚻᴺߦࠃߞߡߐࠇࠆߣߒߡࠆޔߦࠄߐޕGruzdeva (2007) ߪޔ ㈩ಽ⊛ߥⶄᢙᕈߩᗧࠍࠅ➅ޟߐࠇࠆᘒߪ⇣ߥࠆෳਈ⠪ߦࠃߞߡหߓᤨὐߢⴕࠊࠇ ࠆߣޠㅀߴߩ⺆ࡈࡧ࠾ޔ㈩ಽ⊛ߥ᭴ᢥ (distributive construction; DC) ࠍᰴߩ 5 ߟߩਅ ࠲ࠗࡊߦಽ㘃ߒߡࠆ (ߘࠇߙࠇߩᢥߪ Gruzdeva (2007) ߦឭ␜ߐࠇߡࠆ߽ߩߢ ࠆ)ޕ (14) Actor (= Agent / Experiencer) DC: ⴕὑߪ⇣ߥࠆⴕὑ⠪ߦࠃߞߡㅪ⛯⊛ߦⴕࠊࠇࠆޕ ⶄᢙᒻߩⴕὑ⠪㗄ߣ㊀ⶄߐࠇߚേ⹖⺆ᐙޔ㈩ಽ⹖ (છᗧ) ߢᮡ␜ߐࠇࠆޕ ke-xun ᖪan+ᖪan sik pui+vui-t ࠞࡕࡔ-PL ోㇱ ৻+৻ pᦘrᦘ-ar-d-ᖤun 㘧߱+㘧߱-CVB.3PL ᧪ࠆ-PFV-IND-PL ߇ߜߚࡔࡕࠞߩߡߴߔޟᰴߣޘ㘧ࠎߢ߈ߚޠ (15) Undergoer (= Patient / Theme) DC: ⴕὑߪߘࠇߙࠇߩ Undergoer ߦ߅ߡㅪ⛯⊛ߦ ⴕࠊࠇࠆⶄޕᢙᒻߩ Undergoer 㗄ߣ㊀ⶄߐࠇߚേ⹖⺆ᐙޔ㈩ಽ⹖ߢᮡ␜ߐࠇࠆޕ ᖪaqr+ᖪaqr-gurᦘ mk ir-gun Უ ࠦ࠶ࡊ-PL ৻ߟ+৻ߟ-ADV zu+zu-d ᵞ߁+ᵞ߁-IND ޟᲣߪࠦ࠶ࡊࠍ৻ߟ৻ߟᵞߞߚޠ (16) Partitive DC: ⴕὑ⠪ / Undergoer ߪⴕὑߦࠃߞߡో߆ࠄㇱಽߦಽߌࠄࠇࠆޕേ ⹖⺆ᐙߩ㊀ⶄߢᮡ␜ߐࠇࠆޕ pilkarᦘ cᦘo ᄢ߈ 㝼 kᦘe-ro j-uᖤ-rᦘ vac+vac-u-ar-d ✂-DAT 3SG-ࠆ-CVB.3SG ⎕ࠇࠆ+⎕ࠇࠆ-TR-PFV-IND ޟᄢ߈㝼߇ߞߡో✂ޔࠍᒁ߈ⵚߚޠ (17) Instrumental DC: ⴕὑߪߘࠇߙࠇߩౕࠍᜬߞߡޔㅪ⛯⊛ߦⴕࠊࠇࠆޕ㊀ⶄߐࠇ ߚౕ㗄ߢᮡ␜ߐࠇࠆޕ azmceᖤl i-ro pa+pa-kis paz-d ↵ߩሶ ᓐ-DAT ⍹+⍹-INS ᛩߍࠆ-IND ߩ↵ޟሶ߇ᓐߦ⍹ࠍ৻ߟ৻ߟᛩߍߚޠ (18) Locative DC: ߘࠇߙࠇߩ․ቯߩ႐ᚲᣇะߣ㑐ㅪߔࠆㅪ⛯⊛ߥⴕὑޕ㊀ⶄߣ⹖ ߦࠃߞߡᮡ␜ߐࠇࠆޕ tolvt-an qᦘotr eri+eri-in cᦘo -r iᖪ-ra… [Panfilov 1962:97] ᄐ-CVB ᾢ Ꮉ+Ꮉ-LOC 㝼 តߔ-CVB.3SG 㘩ߴࠆ-ENU.3SG ޟᄐߩᤨޔᾢߪ (⇣ߥࠆ) Ꮉߢ㝼ࠍ₪ߞߡ㘩ߴߚޠ ㈩ಽ⊛ߥⶄᢙᕈߩቯ⟵ߦ㑐ߒߡߪ⎇ޔⓥ⠪ߦࠃߞߡ㆑߇ࠅᓧࠆ߇ޔ⸥ߢ␜ߒߚ ࠃ߁ߦ Gruzdeva (2007) ߪޔ㈩ಽ⊛ߥⶄᢙᕈࠍࠅ➅ޟߐࠇࠆᘒߪ⇣ߥࠆෳਈ⠪ߦࠃ ⬰ޓᾨ㏜ࡦࡂࠨ᧲⺆ࡈࡧ࠾ޓޓᣇ⸒ߩⶄᢙᮡ⼂IWPߦߟߡ 77 ߞߡหߓᤨὐߢⴕࠊࠇࠆߩߎޔࠄ߇ߥߒ߆ߒޕࠆߡߒߣޠᗧߦ߅ߡ߽ (16) ߇ ㈩ಽ⊛ߥⶄᢙᕈࠍߒߡࠆ߆ߦߟߡߪ⇼߇ᱷࠆ(ޔࠄߥߗߥޕ16) ߦߪࠆߥ⇣ޟ ෳਈ⠪ޠ ⶄࠅ߹ߟޔᢙߩෳਈ⠪ߪ⊓႐ߒߡ߅ࠄߕޔ ࠅ➅ޟߐࠇࠆᘒ߇ߺߩޠሽߒߡ ࠆ߆ࠄߢࠆޕ ߐࠄߦޔGruzdeva (2007) ߪⶄޔᢙᮡ⼂ߩ -gun ߇ઃടߐࠇߚฬ⹖ߣቯᒻേ⹖ࠍਔᣇߣ ߽㓸ว⊛ߥⶄᢙᕈ (collective plurality) ࠍߔߣߒߡࠆޔ߇ࠈߎߣޕᰴߦ␜ߔᢥߪ㊀ ⶄߐࠇߚⷐ⚛ࠍࠎߢߥߦ߽߆߆ࠊࠄߕޔ㈩ಽ⊛ߥᗧ (Actor DC) ߦ⸃㉼ߐࠇࠆޕ (19) ਤ⩵ࡄࠢ࠽ (2008: 24) hud-ᖤun, pᦘ-a-ᖤun fur-ᢖavr-d ߘࠇ-PL REFL-ฬ೨-PL ⸒߁-NEG-IND (ޟൻ‛ߚߜ߇ฬ೨ࠍߨߚᤨߦ) ᓐࠄߪ⥄ಽߩฬ೨ࠍ⸒ࠊߥ߆ߞߚޠ (19) ߩᢥߪ⋡⊛⺆ߦ -gun ߇ઃߡࠆߢࠆ߇ޔ㈩ಽ⊛ߥᗧࠍߔߣߺߥߐࠇ ࠆޟޕฬ೨ߟ৻ߦੱ৻ߦ⊛⥸৻ߪޠᜬߞߡࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆߚߩߎޔᢥࠍࠇߙࠇߘޟ ߩੱ߇ⶄᢙߩฬ೨ࠍ⸒ࠊߥ߆ߞߚޕߒ߆ߕߪߣߎࠆߔ㉼⸃ߣޠ-gun ߇ઃടߐࠇߡ ߥᰴߩ (20) ߽ޔᢥ⣂ߦࠃߞߡߪ㈩ಽ⊛ߥᗧߦ⸃㉼ߐࠇᓧࠆޕGruzdeva (2007) ߦࠃࠇ߫ޔ㈩ಽ⹖ߩᮡ␜ߪޔActor DC ߦ߅ߡ⟵ോ⊛ߢߪߥߚޔ㈩ಽ⊛ߥ⸃㉼ ߩน⢻ᕈ߇ߥߊߥߞߡࠆࠊߌߢߪߥޕ (20) ਤ⩵ࡄࠢ࠽ (2008: 24) sik pᦘ-a ߺࠎߥ REFL-ฬ೨ t fur-ᢖavr- ᱜߒߊ ⸒߁-NEG-CVB ⥄ߥࠎߺޟಽߩฬ೨ࠍᱜߒߊ⸒ࠊߥ߆ߞߚߩߢޠ (19) ߩߢᵈ⋡ߔߴ߈ὐߪߦ⺆⊛⋡ޔઃടߐࠇߡࠆ -gun ߇ਥ⺆ߩⶄᢙᕈࠍߒߡ ࠆߣ߁ߎߣߢࠆޔߡ߅ߦ⺆ࡈࡧ࠾ޕਥ⺆ߩ␜ߪ⟵ോ⊛ߢߪߥߊߣߎࠆߜ⪭ޔ ߇ᄙߎߣߦ߽ᵈᗧߔࠆᔅⷐ߇ࠆ(ޔ߫߃ޕ19) ߆ࠄਥ⺆ߣ -gun ࠍขࠅߞߚᢥߪޔ ᢥ⣂ߦࠃߞߡනᢙਥ⺆ߣⶄᢙਥ⺆ߩਔᣇߩᗧߦ⸃㉼ߐࠇᓧࠆ߇ޔਥ⺆ߛߌࠍขࠅߞ ߚ႐วߪޔ᥉ㅢߪⶄᢙਥ⺆ߩᗧߦ⸃㉼ߐࠇࠆޕߦ(ޔ19) ߩਥ⺆߇એਅߩ (19)’ ߦ␜ ߒߡࠆࠃ߁ߦනᢙߢࠆߣߔࠆߣߩߘޔᢥߪਇ⥄ὼߥᢥߦߥࠆޕ (19)’ ? ᖪi 1SG pᦘ-a-ᖤun fur-ᢖavr-d REFL-ฬ೨-PL ⸒߁-NEG-IND ⥄ߪ⑳ޟಽߩฬ೨ (ⶄᢙ) ࠍ⸒ࠊߥ߆ߞߚޠ ߎߩߎߣ߆ࠄߡ߽(ޔ19) ߩ -gun ߇ਥ⺆ߩⶄᢙᕈࠍߒߡࠆߎߣߪࠄ߆ߢࠆޕ ⋡⊛⺆ฬ⹖ߦઃടߐࠇߡࠆ -gun ߇ਥ⺆ߩⶄᢙᕈࠍߔߎߣ߇ࠆߣ߁ߎߣߪޔ㈩ ಽ⊛ߥ⸃㉼ߦ߽߆߆ࠊߞߡߊࠆޔࠄߥߗߥޕ㈩ಽ⊛ߥ⸃㉼ (Actor DC) ߪⴕὑ⠪߇ⶄᢙ ߢࠆߎߣ߇ᔅⷐߛ߆ࠄߢࠆ(ޔࠅ߹ߟޕ19) ߩࠃ߁ߦ⋡⊛⺆ߦઃടߐࠇߡਥ⺆ߩⶄ 78 ർᣇੱᢥ⎇ⓥ╙ޓ㧣ภޓᐕ㧟 ᢙᕈࠍߒߡࠆ႐วߩ -gun ߪޔ㈩ಽ⊛ߥ⸃㉼ߦᓇ㗀ࠍਈ߃ࠆߣ߁ߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆޕ 㘃ૃߩߪ࡞ࡓࠕޔᣇ⸒߆ࠄ߽ߐࠇࠆޕ (21) Shiraishi (2002: 32) pala-mur-ku tᦘx rᦘjiv-d ⿒-㚍-PL ߦ ਸ਼ࠆ-IND (ޟᓐᅚߚߜߪ) ⿒㚍ߩߦਸ਼ߞߚޠ (21) ߩ႐วߪޔਥ⺆߇␜ߐࠇߡߥᢥߢࠆ߇ޔ ߩੱ৻ޟᅚᕈ߇ⶄᢙߩ㚍ߩߦ ਸ਼ߞߚߪߦࠆߔ㉼⸃ߣޠήℂ߇ࠅⶄޟޔᢙߩᅚᕈ߇ߘࠇߙࠇߩ㚍ߩߦਸ਼ߞߚߣޠ ߁㈩ಽ⊛ߥᗧߦ⸃㉼ߔࠆᣇ߇ࠃࠅ⥄ὼߢࠆޕ ᦺ㞲⺆ߣߩ㘃ૃὐ ࠾ࡧࡈ⺆ߣᦺ㞲⺆ߣߩ㑆ߩᢥᴺ⊛ߥ㘃ૃᕈߪޔᐲޘᵈ⋡ߐࠇߡ߈ߚࡧ࠾ޔߪߢߎߎޕ ࡈ⺆ߣᦺ㞲⺆ߩⶄᢙᮡ␜ߦߟߡ⧯ޔᐓߩኻᾖࠍⴕ߁ᦺࠆߡࠇࠄ↪ߢ▵ᧄޔ߅ߥޕ 㞲⺆ߩᢥߩᢥᴺᕈߣⶄᢙᮡ⼂ߩ⸃㉼ߦߟߡߪ 2 ฬߩᦺ㞲⺆Უ⺆⠪ߦ⏕ࠍⴕߞ ߡࠆޕ ᦺ㞲⺆ߩฬ⹖ߪߣ⺆ࡈࡧ࠾ޔห᭽ޔනᢙߣⶄᢙߦߐࠇⶄޔᢙࠍߔߚߦⶄᢙᮡ ⼂ -dyr ࠍઃടߔࠆᣇᴺߣޔฬ⹖⺆ᐙࠍ㊀ⶄߔࠆᣇᴺࠍ↪ࠆ7ⶄޔߚ߹ޕᢙߩᮡ␜ߪࠝ ࡊ࡚ࠪ࠽࡞ߢࠅޔනᢙᒻߢⶄᢙߩᜰ␜ኻ⽎ࠍߔߎߣ߽น⢻ߢࠆޕ (22) saram-‘i mo-‘ie ‘iss-da ੱ-NOM 㓸߹ࠆ-CVB ࠆ/ࠆ-IND ߇ੱޟ㓸߹ߞߡࠆޠ -dyr ߪޔน▚ฬ⹖ߦߪ߽ߜࠈࠎ⽎ฬ⹖ߦ߽ઃടߐࠇᓧࠆߎߣ߿ㄭૃⶄᢙߩᗧࠍ ᜬߚߥߥߤޔ-gun ߣ⇣ߥࠆὐ߽ࠆ߇ޔหߓᒻᑼ߇ቯᒻേ⹖ߦઃടߐࠇࠆߎߣ߇ ࠅߩߘޔ㓙ߦߪਥ⺆߇ⶄᢙߢࠆߎߣࠍߔὐߢ࠾ࡧࡈ⺆ߦ㘃ૃߒߡࠆ߇ߥߒ߆ߒޕ ࠄޔ-gun ߇ฬ⹖ฏߣቯᒻേ⹖ߦߩߺઃടߐࠇࠆߩߦኻߒޔ-dyr ߪᢥߩࠈࠈߥⷐ⚛ (⹖ޔേ⹖ߥߤ) ߦઃടߐࠇᓧࠆޕ (23) Lee (1991: 81) ai-dyr-‘i Tom-‘eigei-[ ] ሶଏ-PL-NOM ࠻ࡓ-DAT bbang-yr-[ ] manh‘i-[ ] ju‘ess‘e‘io[ ] ࡄࡦ-ACC ߚߊߐࠎ ߍߚ ޟሶଏߪ࠻ࡓߦࡄࡦࠍߚߊߐࠎߍߚޠ ⸥ߩߦ߅ߡ -dyr ߪ [ ] ߩߤߎߦࠇߡ߽ࠃߊޔ2 ߆ᚲએࠇࠆߎߣ߽ࠆ ߇߽ࠇߕޔਥ⺆ߩⶄᢙᕈࠍߔޕਅߩ (24) ߪ⋡⊛⺆ฬ⹖ߦ -dyr ߇ઃߡޔਥ⺆ߩ ⶄᢙᕈࠍߒߡࠆߢࠆޕ 7 jib+jibޟኅ+ኅߦ߁ࠃߩޠฬ⹖⺆ᐙߩ㊀ⶄߦࠃࠆᣇᴺߪ↥↢ޔᕈ߇ૐޕ ⬰ޓᾨ㏜ࡦࡂࠨ᧲⺆ࡈࡧ࠾ޓޓᣇ⸒ߩⶄᢙᮡ⼂IWPߦߟߡ (24) a. hagsaing-dyr-‘i bab-dyr-‘yr meg-go ‘iss-da ቇ↢-PL-NOM ߏ㘵-PL-ACC 㘩ߴࠆ-CVB ࠆ-IND ޟቇ↢ߚߜ߇ߏ㘵ࠍ㘩ߴߡࠆޠ b. ? hagsaing-‘i ቇ↢-NOM bab-dyr-‘yr meg-go ‘iss-da ߏ㘵-PL-ACC 㘩ߴࠆ-CVB ࠆ-IND ޟቇ↢߇ߏ㘵ࠍ㘩ߴߡࠆޠ (24b) ߩᢥߪਥ⺆߇නᢙߦߥࠆߣ㕖Ᏹߦਇ⥄ὼߥᢥߦߥࠆޔߒ߽ޕਥ⺆߇␜ߐࠇߡ ߥߌࠇ߫(ޔ24b) ߪਥ⺆߇ⶄᢙߢࠆߣ⸃㉼ߐࠇࠆߩ߇৻⥸⊛ߢࠅࠨ᧲⺆ࡈࡧ࠾ޔ ࡂࡦᣇ⸒ߢ߽㘃ૃߩ߇ࠄࠇࠆ ( (19))ޕ ࠾ࡧࡈ⺆ධࠨࡂࡦ (ࡐࡠ࠽ࠗࠬࠢ) ᣇ⸒ߢߪޔቯᒻേ⹖ߦઃߡࠆ -gun ߇⋡⊛ ⺆ߩⶄᢙᕈࠍߔߎߣ߇ࠆ߇ (㜞ᯅ 1942)ᦺޔ㞲⺆ߢߪቯᒻേ⹖ߦઃടߐࠇߡࠆ -dyr ߇⋡⊛⺆ߩⶄᢙᕈࠍߔߎߣߪߥޕૉߒ(ޔ25) ߩࠃ߁ߥߪน⢻ߢࠆޕ (25) sensaingnim-‘i jeija-dyr-‘eigei sur-dyr-‘yr meg-‘i-ess-da వ↢-NOM ᒉሶ-PL-DAT 㘩ߴࠆ-CAUS-PAST-IND ޟవ↢߇ᒉሶߚߜߦ߅㈬ࠍ㘶߹ߖߚޠ ㈬-PL-ACC (25) ߦ߅ߡޔsurޟ㈬ߦޠઃടߐࠇߡࠆ -dyr ߪ jeijaޟᒉሶⶄ߇ޠᢙߢࠆߎߣ ࠍߒߡࠆߩߎޔߒ߽ޕᢥ߆ࠄਈᩰฬ⹖ฏࠍ㒰ߒߚ႐วߪޔ ޟవ↢ߪⶄᢙߩ⺕߆ ߦ㈬ࠍ㘶߹ߖߚ߁ߣޠᗧߦ⸃㉼ߐࠇࠆߩ߇৻⥸⊛ߢࠆޔߥ߁ࠃߩߎޕ-dyr ߇ਥ ⺆એᄖߩ㗄ߩⶄᢙᕈࠍߒߡࠆߦኻߒߡޔ㧚䢣ゞ (2000: 46) ߪߦ․ޔᓎߩ ᢥߦ߅ߌࠆ -dyr ߪޔኻᩰ߿ਈᩰฬ⹖ߩⶄᢙᕈࠍߔߎߣ߇ࠆߣᜰ៰ߒߡࠆࡧ࠾ޕ ࡈ⺆᧲ࠨࡂࡦᣇ⸒ߦ߅ߡߪޔ-gun ߇ਥ⺆એᄖߩⶄᢙᕈࠍߒߡࠆߪߩߣߎ ࠈߟ߆ߞߡߥޕ ߅ࠊࠅߦ ᧄⓂߢߪࡦࡂࠨ᧲⺆ࡈࡧ࠾ޔᣇ⸒ߦ߅ߌࠆⶄᢙᮡ⼂ -gun ߦߟߡ⺆⊛⋡ߦ․ޔฬ ⹖ߦઃടߐࠇߡࠆࠍขࠅߍޔ-gun ߇ਥ⺆ߩⶄᢙᕈࠍߔߎߣ߇ࠅ⚿߇ࠇߘޔ ᨐ⊛ߦ㈩ಽ⊛ (distributive) ߥ⸃㉼ߦᓇ㗀ࠍਈ߃ߡࠆน⢻ᕈߦߟߡ⺰ߓߚޕ ߒ߆ߒߥ߇ࠄ⎇ᧄޔⓥߦ↪ߚ࠺࠲ߪ⾗࠻ࠬࠠ࠹ޔᢱࠍၮߦߒߡ߅ࠅޔ㊂߆ࠄߒߡ ߽ߒߡචಽߣߪ⸒߃ߥߎߣ߆ࠄ⺞ࠆߥࠄߐޔᩏࠍⷐߔࠆⶄߩ⺆ࡈࡧ࠾ޕᢙᮡ⼂ߩᯏ ⢻ࠍࠄ߆ߦߔࠆߚߦޔᓟ⸃ߔߴ߈㗴ὐߣߒߡߪޔએਅߩࠃ߁ߥߎߣ߇ߍࠄ ࠇࠆޕ ߹ߕޔᲣ⺆⠪߳ߩ⡞߈ขࠅ⺞ᩏࠍⴕ⺞࠻ࠬࠠ࠹ޔᩏߦࠃࠆᧄ⎇ⓥߩਥᒛࠍᩮߠ ߌࠄࠇࠆ⚦ߥ࠺࠲ࠍ㓸ࠆᔅⷐ߇ࠆޕᰴߦ⎇ᧄޔⓥߢߪᣇ⸒㑆ߢࠅᓧࠆᯏ⢻ߩ ㆑ߦߟߡߪ⠨ᘦߒߡ߅ࠄߕⶄޔᢙᮡ␜ߦ߅ߡޔᣇ⸒㑆ߢᏅ߇ࠆߣߔࠇ߫ޔᣇ⸒ ߏߣߦ⺞ᩏࠍⴕߩࠇߙࠇߘޔᣇ⸒㑆ߩ↪ᴺߩᏅࠍࠄ߆ߦߒߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥࠄߐޕ ߦߪℂ⊛ߦ㓞ធߒߡࠆ࠷ࡦࠣࠬ⻉⺆߿ࠕࠗ⺆⺆⸒ߩߣ⺆ࠕࠪࡠޔធ⸅ߩ㗴߽ ⎇ⓥߦߪᰳ߆ߖߥᄢߥ㗴ߢࠆޕ 79 80 ർᣇੱᢥ⎇ⓥ╙ޓ㧣ภޓᐕ㧟 ⇛ภ৻ⷩ 1/2/3 1st/2nd/3rd person ENU enumerative NEG ADV adverbial FUT future NOM nominative ACC accusative HRS hearsay PAST past CAUS causative IND indicative PFV perfective CAUSEE causee INS instrumental PL plural COM comitative INT intentional REFL reflexive CVB converb ITER iterative SG singular DAT dative LOC locative TR transitiviser negation ෳ⠨ᢥ₂ Gruzdeva, E. 1997 Plurality of situations in Nivkh. In V. S. Xrakovskij, ed., Typology of Iterative Constructions, 164-188. München-Newcastle: Lincom Europa. 1998 Nivkh. München: Lincom Europa. 2007 Distributive plurality in Nivkh. Workshop on Nominal and Verbal plurality, 9-10 November, 2007, Paris. ㇱ ஜ 1944 ᧲ޢࠢࡗࠡޡ᳃ᣖⷐ⾗ᢱ╙৻ภ Ꮲ࿖ቇ჻㒮᧲⻉᳃ᣖ⺞ᩏቶ. ㊄ሶ ੧ 2010⺆ࡈࡧ࠾ޟേ⹖ߩ⺆ᒻᚑޠ ޡජ⪲ᄢቇ࡙ࠪࠕ⸒⺆ᢥൻ⺰㓸 ╙ޢ12 ภ, 41-59. ජ⪲ᄢቇ࡙ࠪࠕ⸒⺆ᢥൻ⺰⻠ᐳ. Kreinovich, E. 1979 Nivkhskii jazyk. Jaziki azii i afriki 3, pp. 295-329. Moscow: Nauka. Lee, Han-Gyu 1991 Plural marker copying in Korean. Studies in the Linguistic Sciences 21, 1. 81-105 㧚䢣ゞ 2000 ⽋ޟ㑮 䚲㰖 ‘✺’ὒ ㌂Ị㎇ޡޠ㞶㌆䞯⽊ޢVol.24, 3-50. 㞶㌆䞯䣢. Nedjalkov, V. P., G. A. Otaina. 2012 Oerki po sintaksisu nivxskogo jazyka. Moscow: Znak. Panfilov, V. Z. 1962 Grammatika nivkhskogo jazyka 1. Moscow and Leningrad: Nauka. 1976 Tipologija grammatieskoj kategorii isla i nekotorye voprosy ee istorieskogo razvitija. Voprosy jazykoznanija 4. 18-38. Shiraishi, H. 2006 Topics in Nivkh Phonology. Ph.D. thesis, Groningen: University of Groningen. Shiraishi, H. and G.Lok. 2002 Sound Materials of the Nivkh Language 1: Folktales of V.F.Akiliak-Ivanova. ELPR publication series A2-15. Suita: Osaka Gakuin University. ⬰ޓᾨ㏜ࡦࡂࠨ᧲⺆ࡈࡧ࠾ޓޓᣇ⸒ߩⶄᢙᮡ⼂IWPߦߟߡ 㜞ᯅ⋓ቁ 1942 ޡ᮹ᄥࠡࡗࠢ⺆ޢᄢ㒋: ᦺᣣᣂ⡞␠. ਤ⩵ㅺᴦ 2012 ⶄߩ⺆ࡈࡧ࠾ޟᢙ␜㧦ࡐࡠ࠽ࠗࠬࠢᣇ⸒ߩ -gun ߩ․ᱶ↪ᴺޡޠർᣇੱᢥ ⎇ⓥ ╙ޢ5 ภ, 113-122. ർᶏᄢቇᄢቇ㒮ᢥቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ർᣇ⎇ⓥᢎ⢒ࡦ࠲. ਤ⩵ㅺᴦࡄࠢ࠽ ✬ 2008 ߩࠎߐࠢࠢ࠻ࡈޡᤄߣ㛎⺣᧲ޢ੩ᄖ࿖⺆ᄢቇࠕࠫࠕ·ࠕࡈࠞ⸒⺆ᢥൻ⎇ⓥᚲ. A Study for the Plural Marker -gun in Nivkh (On the East Sakhalin Dialect) Heekyung CHAE Graduate student, Tokyo University of Foreign Studies / JSPS research fellow In Nivkh, nouns have distinct singular and plural forms. There are basically two ways in which the Nivkh language indicates plurality. One is to add the plural marker -gun to the NP. The other involves indication plurality by means of reduplication of the noun stem. Moreover, plurality of subject is also indicated by means of attaching the plural marker -gun to finite verbs although it is not obligatory. Besides, in some cases, the plural marker that is attached to the object noun like in the following example indicates that the subject of sentence is plural. (19) Tangiku & Paklina (2008: 24) fur-ᢖavr-d hud-ᖤun, pᦘ-a-ᖤun that-PL REFL-name-PL say-NEG-IND ‘They did not say their name’ In this study, I discussed the possibility that the plural marker -gun affects distributive reading. 81
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