3. 社会,文化 1AM-024 日心第77回大会（2013） Work-Family Conflict ࠾ࡅࡿᐙ᪘ᴫᛕࡢᣑᙇ ࠕᐃᐙ᪘ࠖࠕ⏕Ṫᐙ᪘ࠖࡢศࡼࡿ୕⪅㛫ࡢࢥࣥࣇࣜࢡࢺࡢྍ⬟ᛶ ⏿⏣ۑᬛ❶ 1࣭⠛ᓮ㤶⧊ 2㸦㠀ဨ㸧࣭ఀἼᜨ 2 㸦1 ᮾᾏᏛ࣭2 ᮾிᐩኈᏛ㸧 Key words: Work-Family Conflict㸪ᐃᐙ᪘࣭⏕Ṫᐙ᪘㸪⫱ඣ࣭ㆤ Existence of the conflict among Work-Family-Family ۑTomoaki TABATA1࣭Kaori SHINOZAKI2㸦㠀ဨ㸧 ࣭Kazue INAMI2 㸦1Tokai Univ.࣭2Tokyo Fuji Univ.㸧 Key words: Work-Family Conflict㸪family of orientation࣭family of procreation㸪childcare࣭care for the aged ┠ ⓗ ࣮࣡ࢡ࣭ࣇ࣑࣮࣭ࣜࢥࣥࣇࣜࢡࢺ㸦WFC㸧࠾ࡼࡧ࣮࣡ࢡ࣭ ࣛࣇ࣭ࣂࣛࣥࢫ㸦WLB㸧㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪ᐙ᪘㸦ᐙ ᗞ⎔ቃ㸧ࡢ㛵㐃ࢆᤊ࠼ࡿࡇࡀࡓࡿࢸ࣮࣐࡛࠶ࡿࡶ㛵 ࢃࡽࡎ㸪 ࠕᐙ᪘ࠖࡣఱࡘ࠸࡚ཝᐦᐃ⩏ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚◊✲ࡋ ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡣࢇぢࡽࢀ࡞࠸㸬 ➹⪅ࡽࡣࡇࢀࡲ࡛㸪W.L. Warner ࡼࡿࠕᐃᐙ᪘ࠖ ࠕ⏕ Ṫᐙ᪘ࠖ࠸࠺ศ㢮ࢆ WFC ࡢᯟ⤌ࡳࡢ୰ᑟධࡋ㸪ࡇࢀࡽ ࡢ୕⪅㛫ࡢࢥࣥࣇࣜࢡࢺࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓ㸬 ࡍࡿ㸪ᚑ᮶ࡇࡢศ㔝࡛ࡣࢥࣥࣇࣜࢡࢺࡀⓎ⏕ࡋࡸࡍ࠸ᮍ ᑵᏛඣࡢ࠸ࡿᐙᗞᑐࡍࡿ◊✲ࡀከᩘ⾜ࢃࢀ㸪ࡓ࠼ࡤㆤ ࠸࠺ࢥࣥࣇࣜࢡࢺࡸ㸪⫱ඣㆤ࠸࠺ Family-Family ࢥࣥࣇࣜࢡࢺࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢᑐࡋ࡚ࡣ ࠶ࡲࡾ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡇࡀ᫂ࡽ࡞ࡗࡓ㸬 ࡲࡓ㸪ᐙ᪘࠸ࡗࡓ⪅㛫࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ࡓ࠼ࡤ ⫱ඣㆤ࠸ࡗࡓ୕⪅㛫ྠⓎ⏕ࡍࡿࢥࣥࣇࣜࢡࢺࡢᏑ ᅾࡶ⪃࠼ࡽࢀ㸪ࡇࢀࡣࡃᬌ⏘ࢆ㏄࠼࡚࠸ࡿ᪥ᮏ࠾࠸ ࡚ࡣᚋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࢥࣥࣇࣜࢡࢺࢆᢪ࠼ࡿேࡀከࡃ࡞ࡿࡇࡀ ணࡉࢀࡿ㸬 ࡑࡇ࡛ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪୕⪅㛫ྠⓎ⏕ࡢࢥࣥࣇࣜࢡࢺࡢ≉ᚩ ࢆࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗㄪᰝ࡞ࡽ᫂ࡽࡋ㸪ᨭࡢᅾࡾ᪉ࡘ ࠸᳨࡚ウࡍࡿࡇࢆ┠ⓗࡍࡿ㸬 ᐙ᪘ᴫᛕࡢᣑᙇ WFC W.L. Warner ࡼࡿᐙ᪘ࡣ⮬ศࡀᏊࡋ࡚ᡤᒓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ ࠕᐃᐙ᪘ࠖ㸪⤖፧㸪ฟ⏘ࢆ⤒࡚⮬ศࡀぶࡋ࡚ᡤᒓࡍࡿࠕ⏕ Ṫᐙ᪘ࠖࡢ 2 ࡘศ㢮ࡉࢀࡿ࠸࠺㸬 WFC ࠾ࡅࡿᐙ᪘ᑐࡋ࡚ࡇࡢศ㢮ࢆ⾜࠺㸪Fig.1 ࡢࡼ ࠺࡞ 4 ࡘࡢࢥࣥࣇࣜࢡࢺࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࡇࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬a ࡣ ㆤࡢࢥࣥࣇࣜࢡࢺ㸪b ࡣ⫱ඣࡢࢥࣥࣇࣜ ࢡࢺ⪃࠼ࡽࢀ㸪ᚑ᮶ࡢ◊✲࠾࠸࡚ࡣࢇࡀࡇࢀࡽࡢ ࢥࣥࣇࣜࢡࢺࢆᑐ㇟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡋࡋ㸪୰ࡣᐙ᪘㛫ࡢࢥ ࣥࣇࣜࢡࢺ㸦⫱ඣㆤ࡞㸧c ࡸ୕⪅ྠⓎ⏕ࡢ d ࡞ࡶ Ꮡᅾࡍࡿࡇࡀࢃࡿ㸬 Fig.2 ぢࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺㸪ᬌ፧ࡢഴྥࡽẕぶࡢ➨୍Ꮚฟ ⏘ᖺ㱋ࡣୖࡀࡿഴྥ࠶ࡿࡀྠࡌࢫࣆ࣮ࢻ࡛ᖹᆒᑑࡀᘏࡧ ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛㸪d ࡢ୕⪅㛫ࢥࣥࣇࣜࢡࢺࡣᚋቑ ࠼࡚࠸ࡃࡇࡀணࡉࢀࡿ㸬 a ᐃᐙ᪘ d c b ⏕Ṫᐙ᪘ Fig.1 ᐙ᪘ᴫᛕࡢᣑᙇࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢࢥࣥࣇࣜࢡࢺ b ⫱ඣ䞉 Ꮚ⫱䛶 a ㆤ 20௦ 30௦ 40௦ 50௦ a ㆤ b ⫱ඣ䞉 Ꮚ⫱䛶 20௦ 30௦ 40௦ 50௦ Fig.2 ᬌ⏘ࡼࡿ⫱ඣㆤࡢ㔜࡞ࡾ ୕⪅㛫ࢥࣥࣇࣜࢡࢺࡢ≉ᚩ ⫱ඣㆤࡢྠⓎ⏕ࢆ⤒㦂ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ⤒㦂 ࡋࡓ 4 ྡࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗࢆ⾜࠸㸪௨ୗࡢ≉ᚩࡀᾋࡧୖࡀࡗ ࡓ㸬 ࡲࡎ㸪≀⌮ⓗ࡞ၥ㢟ࡋ࡚㸪ᴗࡸ⮬యࡢㆤᨭไᗘ ࢆ⏝ࡍࡿࡇᑐࡋ୍࡚⯡ⓗ๓ࡢᡭ⥆ࡁࡀ↹㞧࡛࠶ࡾ㸪 㸪⫱ඣࢆࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪ࡋࡿࡁᶵ㛵⾜ࡁᚲせ᭩㢮ࢆᥞ ࠼ࡿࡇࡀ㞴ࡋ࠸ࡢࡀ⌧≧࡛࠶ࡿ㸬 ࡲࡓ㸪⫱ඣ୰ࡣ༑ศ࡞╧╀ࢆࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ሙྜࡀከ ࡃ㸪ࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࡶ⫱ඣࡶㆤࡶⴠࡕ╔࠸ࡓẼᣢࡕ࡛ ᑐᛂ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸࠸ࡗࡓ⢭⚄ⓗ࡞ഃ㠃ࡶ࠶ࡿ㸬ࡃ⫱ඣ ㆤࡣࡕࡽࢆ≛≅ࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࢣ࣮ࢫࡀከࡃ㸪ࡋ ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࡑ࠺ࡋࡓࡋ࡚ࡶࡢ⪅㛫ࡢࢥࣥࣇࣜࢡࢺ ࡣᏑᅾࡍࡿ࠸࠺」㞧࡞ᝎࡳࡀぢ࡚ྲྀࢀࡿ㸬 ᨭࡢᅾࡾ᪉ ࡓ࠼ࡤ Staines and Galinsky㸦1992㸧ࡣ㸪⫱ඣ㛵ࡍ ࡿไᗘࢆྲྀࡾୖࡆ㸪ไᗘࡢ᭷↓ຍ࠼࡚㸪ࡑࡢ⏝ࡋࡸࡍࡉ ࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿᣦࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ࡃ㸪ไᗘࡢ㐠⏝ࡢᡂྰࡣ ⫋ሙࡢ⟶⌮⪅౫Ꮡࡍࡿ⛬ᗘࡀ㧗࠸ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬 ᴗഃ࡛ࡣ᭷ຠ࡞ᨭไᗘࢆᣢࡕྜࢃࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡋ࡚ࡶ㸪 ᚑᴗဨࡀࡑࢀࡘ࠸࡚ࡢሗࢆ࠶ࡲࡾᣢࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡇࡼ ࡾά⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ᐇែࡶ࠶ࡿ㸬 ࡲࡎࡣሗࡢ⟶⌮㸦ሗⓎಙ❆ཱྀࡸ┦ㄯ❆ཱྀࡢ࿘▱࡞㸧 ࡸሗࡢඹ᭷㸦ྠᵝࡢቃ㐝࠾ࡅࡿᑐฎࡢ᳨⣴࡞㸧ࡀ ⫢せ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ᴗࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃ㸪⮬యࡢ㐃ᦠࡶᚲせ࡞ࢁ ࠺㸬 ᘬ⏝ᩥ⊩ ⠛ᓮ㤶⧊࣭ఀἼᜨ࣭⏣⏿ᬛ❶ 2012 ࣮࣡ࢡ࣭ࣇ࣑࣮ࣜ 㛵ಀ◊✲࠾ࡅࡿࠕᐙ᪘ࠖᴫᛕࡢᑟධ(3). ⏘ᴗ࣭⤌⧊ᚰ⌮Ꮫ ➨ 26 ᅇண✏㞟. 㐍⸨㞝୕㸦1997㸧 ᐙ᪘ࡢᴫᛕᐃ⩏ ▼ᕝᐇ㸦⦅㸧⌧௦ ᐙ᪘ࡢ♫Ꮫ ᭷ᩫ㛶ࣈࢵࢡࢫ Staines, G. L. and E. Galinsky. [1992] "Parental Leave and Productivity: The Supervisor's View," in Friedman, D. E., E. Galinsky and V. Plowden eds. Parental leave and productivity, Families and Work Institute. ― 84 ―
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