Title Author(s) Citation Issue Date ウワロフスキによる最古のサハ語文の特徴 江畑, 冬生 北方人文研究 ＝ Journal of the Center for Northern Humanities, 7: 55-69 2014-03-31 DOI Doc URL http://hdl.handle.net/2115/55037 Right Type bulletin (other) Additional Information File Information jcnh07-03-EBATA.pdf Instructions for use Hokkaido University Collection of Scholarly and Academic Papers : HUSCAP 55 ⎇ޛⓥࡁ࠻ޜ ࠙ࡢࡠࡈࠬࠠߦࠃࠆᦨฎߩࠨࡂݶᢥߩ․ᓽ ᳯ⇌ ౻↢ ᣂẟᄢቇ ߪߓߦ ࠨࡂݶዄࡗࠢ࠻ݶዅߪࠕ࡙ࠪޔᄢතߩ᧲ߦڿᐢ߇ࠆ࠴ࡘ࡞ࠢ ߩݶ1 ߟߢࠆ1ޕ ⚂ 30 ߩ࠴ࡘ࡞ࠢߩݶਛߢޔߪݶࡂࠨޔฎᲑߩണᲣຨࠍᜬߔࠆߥߤᲧফݶ܂ ቇߢ୰․ߥۀᓽߢ⍮ࠄࠇࠆߩݶࡂࠨߒߛߚޕᱧผ⊛ࢇᢱߣߥࠆߣߤ߶ࠇߘޔᤄߦઊࠇ ࠆࠊߌߢߪߥޕ ࠨࡂݶᢥᴺߩܕࠍۀਰߒߚᦨೋᦼߩᢥ₂ߣߒߡ Böhtlingk (1851) ߇ࠆܕߩߘޕਰ ߪᒰᤨߩ᳓Ḱߣߒߡ߽ఝࠇߚ߽ߩߢࠆ߇ߩߘޔଔ୯ߪߢ߽ߒߡᷫߓߡߥޕ Böhtlingk (1851: 1-47) ߦߪݶࡂࠨޔᲣݔݶĚߢࠆ࠙ࡢࡠࡈࠬࠠ (Uvarovskij) ߩޟᚻ⚕ޠ ߣޟ࿁ᗐ߇ޠណౣߐࠇߡࠆݶࡂࠨޔߘߎࠄࠇߎޕᲣݔݶĚȴॺߩᚻߦࠃࠆᦨฎߩ࠹ࠢ ࠬ࠻ࢇᢱߦઁߥࠄߥ2ࠍ࠻ࠬࠢ࠹ߩࠠࠬࡈࡠࡢ࠙ޕಽᨆߔࠆߎߣߪޔ19 ♿ඨ߫ߩࠨ ࡂݶᢥߩ․ᓽࠍឬ߈ߔᚻដ߆ࠅߦߥࠆᧄޕⓂߢߪ࠙ࡢࡠࡈࠬࠠߩޟᚻ⚕ࠍޠĘኤኻ࠾ ߣߒߦ․ޔᲣຨߩണ⍴ߦߟߡޔઍᮡḰࠨࡂޕߔ␜ࠍߣߎࠆࠇࠄۇ߇ઁ༙ߩߣݶ ࠙ࡢࡠࡈࠬࠠߣᓐߩ࠹ࠢࠬ࠻ ࠙ࡢࡠࡈࠬࠠ (Ⱥɮɚɧɚɫɢɣ əɤɨɜɥɟɜɢɱ ɍɜɚɪɨɜɫɤɢɣ) ߪ 1800 ᐕ↢߹ࠇߢࡗ࠴ࠢࡗޔዄ ߩࠨࡂ࿖ዅߩࠛࠫࠥࡦᣇߩॺߢࠆ3ޕᓐߪߺኤߩኅߦ↢߹ࠇޔȴॺߪ ᓎੱߣߒߡߚޕ1840 ᐕ߆ࠄ 1852 ᐕ߹ߢߩ 12 ᐕശߪߦࠣ࡞ࡉ࡞࠹ࡍޔዬߒߡ ߚߩߎޕṛߩ߁ߜߩ 7 ߆ߩശ( ࠢࡦ࠻ࡌߪࠠࠬࡈࡠࡢ࠙ޔBöhtlingk) ߦߟ߈ߞ ߈ࠅߢࠨࡂߩߡߟߦݶᖱႎឭଏࠍߞߚߩߛߣ߁ޕ ࠙ࡢࡠࡈࠬࠠߩᚻߦࠃࠆ࠹ࠢࠬ࠻ߪ 2 ߟߩૡಽ߆ࠄᚑࠆޕ1 ߟߪࡌ࠻ࡦࠢߦተߡ ߚᚻ⚕ߢ (Böhtlingk 1851: 1-4) ߁߽ޔ1 ߟߪ૩ߢߏߒߚ˟ᐕᦼߩ࿁ᗐߢࠆ (Böhtlingk 1851: 5-78)ޕBöhtlingk (1851) ߢߪਔĚߦ⁛߇ܦᣉߐࠇߡࠆ߇ࠣ߿ܦݶޔ ࡠࠬߪઃߐࠇߡߥޕ ࠙ࡢࡠࡈࠬࠠߩ࠹ࠢࠬ࠻ࠍಽᨆኻ࠾ߣߒߚ⎇ⓥߦߪ Nelunov (2013) ߿ Nikolaeva (2013) ߥߤ߇ࠆݶ߽ࠇߕߪࠄࠇߎޕᴺ߿܂࿁ߒࠍĘኤߒߚ߽ߩߢࠅߩۇ▤ޔ ඒࠅߢߪᒻᘒຨຯ้ࠍᛒߞߡࠆ߽ߩߪήޕPakendorf (2007) ߪࢇᢱߣߒߡ࠙ࡢࡠࡈ 1 ᧄⓂߪޔᐔᚑ 25 ᐕᐲᣂẟᄢቇੱᢥቇૡ⎇ⓥផࡼߩഥᚑࠍฃߌߚ⎇ⓥᚑᨐߩ৻ૡߢࠆޕᩏ ނĚ߆ࠄߩ⋉ߥࠦࡔࡦ࠻ߦᷓߒߔࠆޕ 2 ࠃࠅฎᢥ₂ߣߒߡ 1844 ᐕߦ ߐࠇߚޡ⍴ࠞ࠹ࠠ࠭ࡓ ࡂࠨࠕࠪࡠޔ2 ߟߩޢࠆࠃߦݶ܂ (Ʉɵɥɝɚɫ ɤɚɬɟɯɢɡɢɫ ɧɭɱɚ, ɫɚɯɚ ɢɤɤɢ ɬɵɥɵɝɚɪ) ߇ࠆ߇╩ޔĚߪᱷᔨߥ߇ࠄോۙߢ߈ߡߥޕ 3 ࠛࠫࠥࡦ (ɗɞɶɢɝɷɷɧ) ᣇߪࡂࠨޔ࿖ߩਛᔃ૪Ꮢࡗࠢ࠷ࠢ߆ࠄർᣇ࠽Ꮉᴪߦ⚂ 900km ࠇߚᚲߦ¾ߔࠆ( ࠢࠬࡦࠞࠫߪߢݶࠕࠪࡠޕɀɢɝɚɧɫɤ) ߣ߫ࠇࠆޕ 56 ർᣇੱᢥ⎇ⓥ╙ޓ㧣ภޓᐕ㧟 ࠬࠠߩޟ࿁ᗐߩޠ౨໑⚂ 3 ಽߩ 1 ࠍᛒߞߡࠆ߇ޔᲣຨߩണ⍴ߦߟߡߪ․ߦޕߥߡߓޠ એਅ ╙ޔ3 ▵ߢߪ࠙ࡢࡠࡈࠬࠠߩ࠹ࠢࠬ࠻ߣઍᮡḰࠨࡂܕ؛ߩݶᴺߩઁߦߟ ߡਰߴࠆ ╙ޕ4 ▵ߢߪ࠙ࡢࡠࡈࠬࠠߩޟᚻ⚕ోߩޠᢥࠍ╩ޔĚߦࠃࠆࠣࡠࠬߣࠍܦઃߒ ߡ␜ߔ ╙ޕ5 ▵ߢߪ࠙ࡢࡠࡈࠬࠠߩޟᚻ⚕ߩޠಽᨆ߆ࠄޔઍᮡḰࠨࡂߟߦઁߩߣݶ ߡĘኤߔࠆ ╙ޕ6 ▵ߢߪᧄⓂߩ⚿ޕࠆߣ߹ࠍޠ ܕ؛ᴺߩઁ ࠙ࡢࡠࡈࠬࠠߦࠃࠆࠨࡂݶᢥߪޔઍᮡḰࠨࡂߣݶᲧফߒߚ႐วߦ˟ᐓߩઁ߇ᢔۇ ߐࠇࠆܕ؛ޔߜ߁ߩߘߪߢ▵ᧄޕᴺߩઁߣࠍߩ߽ࠆߖߥۇߍࠆ[ޕ1]߆ࠄ[6]߹ߢ ߪሶຨߦീߔࠆઁ[ޔ7]ߣ[8]ߪᲣຨߦീߔࠆઁߢࠆܕ؛ߦ☴⚐ߪࠄࠇߎޕᴺߩ ઁߢࠆߣߺߥߖࠆߚᧄޔⓂߩᢥߢߪઍᮡḰࠨࡂܕ؛ߩݶᴺߦ¾߈឵߃ߡࠆ4ޕ [1] ሶຨຨ⚛/s/ߦߟߡ ߪࠠࠬࡈࡠࡢ࠙ޔɫ ߩߺࠍ↪ࠆ߇ޔઍᮡḰࠨࡂ ߪߢݶɫ ߣ h ࠍಽߌࠆ5ޔ߫߃ޕේᢥ ɤɢɫɢ ߩઍࠊࠅߦ 5 ▵ߢߪ ɤɢԣɢࠆߔܕ؛ߣޠੱޟዄਅ ࠍᣉߒߚݕᒰ▎ᚲએᄖߪઍᮡḰࠨࡂޕࠆ↪ࠍܕ؛ߩݶએਅ߽หߓዅޕ [2] ሶຨຨ⚛/l/ߦߟߡ ߪࠠࠬࡈࡠࡢ࠙ޔɥ ߣᠤࠍಽߌࠆ߇ޔઍᮡḰࠨࡂ ߪߢݶɥ ߩߺࠍ↪ࠆ6ޔ߫߃ޕේᢥ ɤɷᠤߩઍࠊࠅߦᧄⓂߢߪ ɤɷɥޕࠆߔܕ؛ߣޠࠆ᧪ޟ [3] ሶຨຨ⚛/j/ߦߟߡ ߪࠠࠬࡈࡠࡢ࠙ޔɣ, ᑳ, ɿ ߩ 3 ⒳ࠍಽߌࠆ߇ޔઍᮡḰࠨࡂݶ ߢߪ ɣ ߩߺࠍ↪ࠆ7ޔ߫߃ޕේᢥ ɦɢᑳɢɝɢɧ ߩઍࠊࠅߦᧄⓂߢߪ ɦɢɣɢɝɢɧޠࠍ⑳ޟ ߣޕࠆߔܕ؛ [4] /rt/ߩࠃ߁ߥᧃݶሶຨਗ਼⛯ߩ╙ 2 ሶຨߦߟߡ ߪࠠࠬࡈࡠࡢ࠙ޔɪɞ ߩࠃ߁ߦჿሶຨ ࠍ↪ߡޔ߇ࠆߔܕ؛ ઍᮡḰࠨࡂ ߪߢݶɪɬ ߩࠃ߁ߦήჿሶຨࠍ↪ߡࠆߔܕ؛8ޕ ߃߫ޔේᢥ ɛɷɪɞ ߩઍࠊࠅߦᧄⓂߢߪ ɛɷɪɬޕࠆߔܕ؛ߣޠ߽ߡߣޟ [5] ሶຨຨ⚛/ž/[dᖵ]ߦߟߡ ߪࠠࠬࡈࡠࡢ࠙ޔʇ ࠍ↪ࠆ߇ޔઍᮡḰࠨࡂ ߪߢݶɞɶ ࠍ ࠙ࡢࡠࡈࠬࠠ߇↪ࠆੑ୰Უຨߩ৻ૡዄɢɷ, ԛԧዅߦߪޔઍᮡḰࠨࡂߪߢݶണᲣຨዄɷɷ, ԧԧዅ߇ ↪ࠄࠇࠆߪࠇߎޕᣇ܂Ꮕࠍᤋߒߡࠆนƫᕈ߇ࠆߚᧄޔⓂߢߪේᢥߩࠅߦߒߡࠆޕ 5 ઍࠨࡂ[ࠆߌ߅ߦݶs]ߣ[h]ߪ⇣ຨߩീଥߦࠅޔᲣຨശߢߪ˟ᐓߩᄖࠍච߈[h]߇ࠇࠆޕ Pakendorf (2007: 82-86) ߪ Böhtlingk (1851) એ೨ߩᢿ ⊛ߥࠨࡂݶݶᒵߩܕౣ߆ࠄߩݶࡂࠨޔᲣ ຨശߩ/s/ߪ 18 ♿ೋ໑ߦ[s]߆ࠄ[h]߳ߩᄌൻࠍ࣐ߎߒߚߩߛߣ⚿ޕߚߌߠޠ 6 ࠨࡂߪߢݶᲣຨގۉೣߦࠃࠅ೨ɐᲣຨߣᓟɐᲣຨ߇ห৻ݶਛߦ࣐ߒߥޕBöhtlingk (1851) ߢߪޔᓟɐᲣຨࠍݶਛߦ ɥ ߇ޔࠇߐܕ؛೨ɐᲣຨࠍݶਛߦᠤ߇ޕࠆࠇߐܕ؛ 7 ࠙ࡢࡠࡈࠬࠠߩᑳߪޟቖຨൻߒߚ[j]ޕߔ؛ࠍޠઍᮡḰࠨࡂޔߪߢݶቖຨൻߒߚ[j]ߣ/j/ࠍᱜᦠᴺ ߢߒߥޕߩࠨࡂݔݶĚߩᄙߊߪߎࠇࠄ 2 ߟߩຨࠍᑯߒߥ߇৻ޔૡݔĚߪຨ⚛ߣ ߒߡߩࠍᜬߞߡࠆߪࠢࡦ࠻ࡌޕᲣຨߩᓟߦ⛯ߊሶຨ/j/ࠍੑ୰Უຨߩᓟඨ⚛ۀ/i/ߣߒߡ ۳୬ߔࠆ ܕ؛ߩࠠࠬࡈࡠࡢ࠙ޕi ߪߎࠇߦ୮ߞߚ߽ߩߢࠈ߁ޕ 8 ࠼ࠗ࠷ޔߪߦݶࠕࠪࡠ߿ݶഭಞຨߩჿߩኻ┙߇ߢᧃݶਛߔࠆ࠾߇ࠆᧃݶߩݶࡂࠨޕሶຨ ਗ਼⛯ߩ╙ 2 ሶຨ߽ޔᲣຨᆎ߹ࠅߩធየ৹߇ᓟ⛯ߔࠆ႐วߦߪჿൻߔࠆߚޔၮᐩߦჿሶຨࠍ ┙ߡߚᣇ߇ʏࠃ߁ߦ߽ᕁࠊࠇࠆߒ߆ߒޕሶຨᆎ߹ࠅߩធየ৹߇ᓟ⛯ߔࠆߦޔធየ৹໑ሶຨߪ ήჿຨߢࠇࠆዄߎߩߣ߈ݶᐙᧃߩ╙ 2 ሶຨȴߪDžΝߔࠆዅࠅ߹ߟޕၮᐩߦήჿሶຨࠍ┙ߡߥ ߣޔធየ৹໑ሶຨߪήჿຨߢࠇࠆℂ↱߇ށߒߦߊߎߣߦߥࠆޕ 4 57 ᳯ⇌ޓ౻↢ᦨࠆࠃߦࠠࠬࡈࡠࡢ࠙ޓޓฎߩࠨࡂ⺆ᢥߩ․ᓽ ↪ࠆޔ߫߃ޕේᢥ ʇɢɷ ߩઍࠊࠅߦᧄⓂߢߪ ɞɶɢɷޟኅޕࠆߔܕ؛ߣޠ [6] ሶຨຨ⚛/Ė/[ᖪ]ߦߟߡ ߪࠠࠬࡈࡠࡢ࠙ޔɧ’ࠍ↪ࠆ߇ޔઍᮡḰࠨࡂ ߪߢݶɧɶ ࠍ ↪ࠆޔ߫߃ޕේᢥ ɦɚɧɧ’ɚ ߩઍࠊࠅߦᧄⓂߢߪ ɦɚɧɧɶɚޟႎଭޕࠆߔܕ؛ߣޠ [7] ࠙ࡢࡠࡈࠬࠠߪ Ɨ ߩࠃ߁ߦണᲣຨࠍࡑࠢࡠࡦࠍ↪ߡޔ߇ߔ؛ઍᮡḰࠨࡂߪߢݶ ɚɚ ߩࠃ߁ߦᲣຨሼࠍ୰ߨߡޔ߫߃ޕߔ؛ේᢥ ƗɬɬƗɯ ߩઍࠊࠅߦᧄⓂߢߪ ɚɚɬɬɚɚɯ ޟฬჿߩࠆޕࠆߔܕ؛ߣޠ [8] ࠙ࡢࡠࡈࠬࠠߪᲣຨሼߣߒߡ ᠦ, ᠰ, ɿ, ᠵ ࠍ↪ࠆ߇ޔઍᮡḰࠨࡂߦࠇߙࠇߘߪߢݶ ɷ, ԧ, ɢ, ԛ ࠍ↪ࠆޔ߫߃ޕේᢥ ᠵɥᠦɛɿɬ ߩઍࠊࠅߦᧄⓂߢߪ ԛɥɷɛɢɬޟᚒߩޘޠ ߣޕࠆߔܕ؛ ࠙ࡢࡠࡈࠬࠠߩᚻ⚕ ᧄ▵ߢߪߩࠠࠬࡈࡠࡢ࠙ޔᚻ⚕ߩోᢥߦኻߒᣣᧄࠍܦߣࠬࡠࠣࠆࠃߦݶઃߒߡ␜ߔޕ ᄥሼ߿ਅ߇␜ߔߩߪޔᰴ▵ߢĘኤߔࠆઍᮡḰࠨࡂࠆࠇࠄۇ߇ઁߩߣݶૡಽߢࠆޕ (0) Ԛɬԛԧ-ɥɷɷɯ ɬɨɣɨɧ Ɉɬɬɨ ɇɵɤɚɥɚɣɚɛɵɫ! ʏ-PROP ണ PSN ޟᢘᗲߔࠆࠝ࠶࠻ࠞࡗࡉࠬኽޠ9 (1) ɗɧ ɷɝɢɧ ɚɚɬ-ɬɚɚɯ ɨɦɭɤ ɬɵɥɵɧ 2SG ߶ߤߩ ฬ-PROP ᳃ᣖ ݶ-P.3SG-ACC ⍮ࠆ-VN.FUT ɚɚɫ-ɩɵɬ ɤɭɥɭɧ ɬɭɬɚɪ ɵɣ-ɝɚ ɛɢɥ-ɢɷɯ ɦɢɧ ɛɚ᠇ɚ-᠇ɵ-ɬɬɚɧ Ꮧᦸ-P.2SG-ABL ɨɥɨɪ-ɨɪ ɞɶɢɷ-ɛɷɪ ߉ࠆ-VN.PST 3 -DAT 1SG -VN.PRS ኅ-P.1SG:DAT ɤɷɥ-ɷɧ ɤɷɩɫɢɷ-ɛɢɬ-ɢ᠏ ɷɧ ɛɚɪɵ ɋɚɯɚ ɤɷɩɫɷɬ-ɷɪ ᧪ࠆ-SEQ ࠆݶ-PST-2SG 2SG ోߡ ࠨࡂ ߔݔ-VN.PRS ɬɵɥ-ɵ-ɧ ɫɭɪɭɤ-ɤɚ ɭɭɪ-ɚɪɵ ɝɵɧ-ɚɪ ɫɚɧɚɚ-᠇ɵ-ɧ. ܂-P.3SG-ACC ᦠܕ-DAT ¾ߊ-PURP ߔࠆ-VN.PRS Ę߃-P.2SG-ACC ߩߤ߶ߚߥޟฬჿࠆੱ߇᳃ᣖࠍݶ⍮ࠅߚߣ߁߆ࠄవߩ 3 ߦ⑳ߩ ኅߦ᧪ߡ܂ߒݔߩݶࡂࠨߩߚߥޔߚߞݶࠍᢥሼߦ౮ߘ߁ߣߔࠆߣ߁Ę߃ࠍޠ (2) Ȼɭ ɷɪɷɣ-ɛɷɪ ɤԧɦԧɥԧɫ ߎߩ -P.1SG:DAT ഥߌࠆ:IMP:2SG ɞɢɷɧ, ɷɧ ɦɢɣɢɝɢɧ ߣ 2SG 1SG:ACC ɤԧɪɞԛԧ-ɛԛɬ-ԛ᠏Ǥ ໜ-PST-2SG ߩߎߩ⑳ޟࠍഥߌࠃߣߦ⑳ߪߚߥޔଐໜߒߚޠ ߩࠢࡦ࠻ࡌޔߪߣޠࠬࡉࡗࠞ࠻࠶ࠝޟฬߣῳ⒓ (Otto Nikolaevich) ߇ࠨࡂݶൻߒߚ ߽ߩߢࠆޕ 9 58 ർᣇੱᢥ⎇ⓥ╙ޓ㧣ภޓᐕ㧟 (3) ɋɚɯɚ ɞɨɣɞɭ-ɬɚ ɦɢɧ 1SG ɬԧɪԛԧ-ɛԛɬ ɫɢɪ-ɢɦ, ↢߹ࠇࠆ-VN.PST ᚲ-P.1SG ɋɚɯɚ ɬɵɥ-ɚ ࠨࡂ ݶ-P.3SG ࠨࡂ ࿖-P.3SG ɦɢɧ ɬԧɪԛԧ-ɛԛɬ ɬɵɥ-ɵɦ: ɛɭ ɝɷɧɧɷ ɷɧ ԛɬԛԧ 1SG ↢߹ࠇࠆ-VN.PST ܂-P.1SG ߎߩ ᓟ 2SG ʏ ɬɭԣɚ-ɥɚɚɯ ԛɥɷ-᠇ɷɪ ɦɢɧ ⋉-PROP -P.2SG:DAT 1SG ɛɚɚɪ-ɚ ɞɭɨ? ࠆ-P.3SG ߆ ɤԧɦԧɥԧԣ-ԛɦɧɷ ɤɢɷɪ ɞɢɷ-ɦ ഥߌࠆ-NEG:SEQ ᜎุߔࠆ:VN.FUT-1SG ߩࡂࠨޟ࿖ዄࡗࠢ࠴ࡗዅߪ⑳ߩ↢߹ࠇߚߛߩ⑳ߪݶࡂࠨޕᲣߡߒߘޕߛݶ ߥߚߩ⋉ߥࠍ⑳߇ഥߌߕߦᢿࠆߎߣߥߤࠈ߁߆ޠ (4) ɋɷɬɬɢ-ɫ ɵɣ ɬɭɨɥ-ɚɧ ɷɪ-ɷɪ 7-ORD ḩߜࠆ-SEQ AUX-PRS:3SG ɷɧ ɋɚɯɚ ɬɵɥ-ɵ-ɧ 2SG ࠨࡂ ݶ-P.3SG-ACC ɬԧɪԛɬɬԛԧ-ɛԛɬ ɤԛ᠏-᠏ԛ-ɬɬɷɧ, ɛɭ ɚ᠇ɵɣɚɯ ɵɣ-ɝɚ ɷɧ ԛɥɷ-᠏ ▽ߊ-VN.PST ᣣ-2SG-ABL ዋߥ -DAT 2SG -P.2SG ɛԛɬ-ɷɧ ɷɪ-ɷɪ. ⚳ࠊࠆ-SEQ AUX-PRS:3SG ߎߩ ޟ7 ࡩ⋡߇⚳ࠊࠈ߁ߣߒߡࠆࠍݶࡂࠨ߇ߚߥޔߞߚᣣ߆ࠄߥ߆ߕࠊߩߎޕ ߩശߦߥߚߩߪ⚳ࠊࠈ߁ߣߒߡࠆޠ (5) ɗɧ ԧɣ-ԛ᠏ ɷɧ ɋɚɯɚ ɬɵɥ-ɵɧ ɬԧɪɞ-ԛ-ɧ ɤԛԛԣ-ԛ-ɧ 2SG ⍮ᕺ-P.2SG 2SG ࠨࡂ ݶ-P.3SG ᩮ-P.3SG-ACC ജ-P.3SG-ACC ɚ᠇ɵɣɚɯ ɵɣ ɢɤɤɢ ɚɪɞ-ɵ-ɝɚɪ ɛɢɥ-ɛɢɬ-ɢ᠏ ɫԧ᠇ԛԛ-ɥɷɷɯ ዋߥ 2 ശ-P.3SG-DAT ⍮ࠆ-VN.PST-2SG ߈-PROP ɞɚ᠇ɚɧɵ ԛɬԛԧ ɞɚ᠇ɚɧɵ ɦɷɤɬɢɷԣɢɬ ɷɧ ɷɪɷɣɞɷɦ-ɦɢɬ ɷɪɷɣ-ɢ᠏ PTCL ʏ PTCL ੱܭ ˠᔃߔࠆ-VN.PST ˠߒߺ-P.2SG ɛɷɪɬ ɬɭԣɚ-᠇ɚ ɬɭɪ-ɭɨ᠇-ɭɧ. ߣߡ߽ ⋉-DAT ┙ߟ-VN.FUT-??10 2SG ߩߚߥޟ⍮ᕺߣߥߚ߇ࠨࡂߩݶᩮᧄߣജࠍࠊߕ߆ߥߩശߦ⍮ߞߚߎߣߪޔ ߈ߢࠅ⚛᥍ࠄߒߎߣߢࠆ߇ߚߥࠆߢੱܭޕˠᔃߒߚˠߒߺߪᄢߦᓎ ߦ┙ߟߢࠈ߁ޠ 10 ߎߩធየ৹-ɭɧ ߇ߥߩ߆╩Ěߦߪࠄ߆ߦߥߞߡߥޕ 59 ᳯ⇌ޓ౻↢ᦨࠆࠃߦࠠࠬࡈࡠࡢ࠙ޓޓฎߩࠨࡂ⺆ᢥߩ․ᓽ (6) ɋɚɯɚ ɬɵɥ-ɚ ɫɭɪɭɝ-ɚ ࠨࡂ ݶ-P.3SG ᦠܕ-P.3SG ɫɭɨ᠇-ɭ-ɬɬɚɧ ԧɥ-ɛԛɬ ɬɵɥ-ɵɧɚɧ ߥ-P.3SG-ABL ᱫߧ-VN.PAST ݶ-INST ɚɚ᠇-ɵɥɥ-ɚɪ, ɷɧ ɤɢɧɢ-ɧɢ ɬɢɥɢɧ-ɧɷɪ-ɢɷɯ ɤɷɦ-ɢ᠏ ނ-PASS-PRS:3SG 2SG 3SG-ACC ດߊ-CAUS-VN.FUT ᤨ-P.2SG ɚ᠇ɵɣɚɯ ɯɚɚɥ-ɥɚ. ዋߥ ᱷࠆ-PST:3SG ߚߥ߇ܕᦠߪݶࡂࠨޟᱫࠎߛߦݶ܂ᢙ߃ࠄࠇࠆߖࠄ߃߇ߺࠃࠍࠇߘ߇ߚߥޕ ࠆᤨߪശ߽ߥߊߛޠ (7) Ⱥ᠇ɵɣɚɯ ɯɚɚɥ-ɥɚ ɷɧ ԛɪɞԛɤ ɞɚ ɞɶɨɧ ɯɚɣɚ᠇ɚɥ-ɥɚɪɵ-ɝɚɪ ዋߥ ᱷࠆ-PST:3SG 2SG ဎ PTCL ੱޘ ⒓-P.3PL-DAT ɬɢɣ-ɢɷ-᠏ ɋɚɯɚ ɞɚ ɨɦɭɤ ɭԣɭɝ-ɚ ɫɭɨɯ ɦɚɯɬɚɧɵɵ-ɬɵ-ɧ ዯߊ-VN.FUT-2SG ࠨࡂ PTCL ᳃ᣖ ᧃ┵-ABE ߥ ᗵߒ-P.3SG-ACC ɵɥ-ɵɚ-᠏Ǥ ขࠆ-VN.FUT.2SG ߇ߚߥޔߛߊߥ߽߹ޟጀߩੱߩޘ⒓ߦߔࠆߩߪࡂࠨޔ᳃ᣖߩ᳗ઉߩᗵߒ ࠍฃߌขࠆߩߪޠ (8) Ɍԧɪԛԧ-ɛԛɬ ɋɚɯɚ ɵɱɱɚ-ɬɚ ɷɧ ɚɣ-ɛɵɤ-ɤɵ-ɧɚɧ ↢߹ࠇࠆ-VN.PST ࠨࡂ ˟Ě-P.3SG 2SG ഃࠆ-VN.PST-2SG-INST චಽߦ ɬɭԣɚɥɚɧ-ɵɚ᠇-ɚ, ɷɧ ɚɚɤ-ɤɵ-ɧ ↪ߔࠆ-FUT-3SG 2SG ฬ-P.2SG-ACC ဎࠆ-FUT-3SG ԛɪɞɷɬ-ɢɷ᠇-ɷ, ɫԛɪɷ᠇-ɢ-ɬɬɷɧ ɷɧ ɬɭɫ-ɤɚɪ ᔃ-P.3SG-ABL 2SG ߎߣ-P.2SG:DAT ဎ ɫԛԣԛԧ᠇-ԛ-ɧ ɫԛɝԛɬԛԧ-᠇-ɷ. ▵-P.3SG-ACC ᛬ࠆ-FUT-3SG ԛɪɞԛɤ ɬɨɥɨɪɭ ɵɪɚɚɫ ߈ࠇߥ ɚɣɵɵ-ɝɚ ɬɚ᠏ɚɪɚ-᠇ɚ ഃਥ-DAT -DAT ˟ߩࡂࠨޟĚߪߺ↢߇ߚߥޔߒߚ߽ߩࠍචಽߦ↪ߔࠆߛࠈ߁ߩߚߥޕฬࠍ ဎࠆߛࠈ߁ߥ☴⚐ޕᔃߢߥߚߩߚߦᄤߩഃਥߚࠆߦȂࠍዮߔࠆߛࠈ߁ޠ (9) Ȼɭ ߎࠇ ɛɭɨɥ-ɭɨ᠇-ɚ ɤɢɧɧɷɪ ɬԧɥԧɛԛɪ-ɞɷɪɷ, ɛɭ ɛɭɨɥ-ɭɨ᠇-ɚ ߥࠆ-FUT-3SG 3PL ኻଔ-P.3PL ߎࠇ ߥࠆ-FUT-3SG ɷɧ ɦɚɧɧɶɚ-᠏Ǥ 2SG ႎଭ-P.2SG ߪࠇߎޟᓐࠄߩኻଔߦߥࠅߩߚߥߪࠇߎޔႎଭߦߥࠆߛࠈ߁ޠ 60 ർᣇੱᢥ⎇ⓥ╙ޓ㧣ภޓᐕ㧟 (10) Ȼɭ ԛɥɷ-ɛɢɬ ɢɤɤɢ ɚɪɞ-ɵ-ɝɚɪ ɷɧ ɛɚ᠇ɚɪ-ɛɵɬ-ɵ᠏ ɦɢɧ ߎߩ -P.1PL 2 ശ-P.3SG-DAT 2SG ᦸ-PST-2SG 1SG ԛԧɫɤɷɷ-ɧ ɬԧɪԛԧ-ɧ ɫɵɥɞɶɵ-ɛɵɬ ɦɚɣɝɵ-ɛɵ-ɧ ɋɚɯɚ-ɥɵ Ⴧ߃ࠆ-SEQ ↢߹ࠇࠆ-SEQ AUX-PST ᳇ᜬߜ-P.1SG-ACC ࠨࡂ-SML ɫɭɪɭ-ɥɥɭ-ɛɭɬ ɫɭɪɭɤ-ɬɚɧ ɛɢɥ-ɢɷɯ-ɯɢ-ɧ. ᦠߊ-PASS-PST ᚻ⚕-ABL ⍮ࠆ-VN.FUT-2SG-ACC ߩߎޟߩശߦߥߚߪᦸࠎߛߩ⑳ߚߞߟߟߓ↢ޔ᳇ᜬߜࠍࠨࡂߚࠇ߆ᦠߢݶ ᚻ⚕ߦࠃࠅ⍮ࠆߎߣࠍޠ (11) ɗɧ ԛɬԛԧ-᠏ ɬɭԣ-ɭ-ɬɬɚɧ ɦɢɧ ɛɭ ɞɚ ɬɭԣ-ɭ-ɝɚɪ 2SG ʏ-P.2SG ߎߣ-P.3SG-ABL 1SG ߎࠇ PTCL ߎߣ-P.3SG-DAT ɷɧ ɛɚ᠇ɚɪ-ɛɵɤ-ɤɵ-ɧ ɤԛԛԣ-ԛɦ ɬɢɪɢɷɪ-ɢɷ᠇-ɢ-ɧɷɧ 2SG ᦸ-PST-2SG-ACC ജ-P.1SG ↢߆ߔ-VN.FUT-P.3SG-INST ɫɢɬɷɪ-ɛɷɬ ɬԛɤɬɷɪɢɢ ɛɚɚɪ-ɚ. ɛɭɨɥ-ɭɨɯ-ɩɭ-ɧ ዧߊߔ-NEG:VN.PRS ߥࠆ-VN.FUT-P.1SG-ACC ਇౕว ࠆ-P.3SG ߩߚߥޟༀʏߐߩߚߩ⑳ࠍߣߎࠎᦸ߇ߚߥߦߚߩߎޔജࠍ⊒ើߒߡᚑߒੰ ߍߥࠊߌߦߪ߆ߥ߆ߞߚޠ (12) Ȼɭ ɫɚɧɚɚ-ɛɵ-ɬɬɚɧ ɦɢɧ ɨɥɨ᠇-ɭɦ ɦɚɣɝɵ-ɬɵ-ɧ ɫɭɪɭɣ-ɚɧ ߎߩ Ę߃-P.1SG-ABL 1SG ੱ↢-P.1SG ᳇ᜬߜ-P.3SG-ACC ᦠߊ-SEQ ɛɚɪ-ɚɧ ɚɯɬɵɵ ɞɢɷɧ ɚɚɬɬɚɚ-ɧ ɛɭ ɫɭɪɭɝ-ɭ ɝɵɬɬɚ ɷɣɢɷɯɷ AUX-SEQ ࿁ᗐ ߣ ฬߠߌࠆ-SEQ ߎߩ ᚻ⚕-ACC ߣ 2SG:DAT ɛɢɷɪ-ɷ-ɛɢɧ. ਈ߃ࠆ-PRS-1SG ߚߒ߁ߎޟĘ߃ߦࠃࠅߩ↢ੱߩ⑳ޔᔃࠍᦠߡ࿁ᗐߣฬઃߌߡߎߩᚻ⚕ߣߣ߽ߦ ߥߚߦ߅ᷰߒߒ߹ߔޠ (13) Ȼɢɥ-ɷ-ɛɢɧ ɛɭ ɫɭɪɭɤ ɬɭԣɚ-ɬɚ ɫɭɨ᠇-ɭ-ɧ: ɤɢɧɢ-ɧɢ ⍮ࠆ-PRS-1SG ߎߩ ᚻ⚕ ⋉-ABES ߥ-P.3SG-ACC 3SG-ACC ɯɨɥɨɛɭɪ ɤɷɪɷɬɷ PTCL ɷɧ ɷɪɷ ɚɚ᠇-ɵɚ-᠏ǡ ɷɣɢɝɢ-ɬɬɷɧ ɚɬɵɧ 2SG ߛߌ ނ-FUT-2SG 2SG-ABL ઁߩ ɤɢԣɢ ɤɢɦ ɞɚ ɚɚ᠇-ɵɚ᠇-ɚ ɫɭɨ᠇-ɚ. ੱ ޅ PTCL ނ-FUT-3SG ߥ-P.3SG ߪ⑳ޟಽ߆ߞߡࠆߩߎޔᚻ⚕߇ᓎߦ┙ߚߥߎߣࠍ߇ߌߛߚߥ߫߃ࠍࠇߘޕ ߚߥޔ߁ࠈߛނએᄖߩੱߪޠ߁ࠈߛߥ߹ނ߽ޅ 61 ᳯ⇌ޓ౻↢ᦨࠆࠃߦࠠࠬࡈࡠࡢ࠙ޓޓฎߩࠨࡂ⺆ᢥߩ․ᓽ (14) Ɉɨɥ ɞɚ ࠇ PTCL ɝɵɧ-ɧɚɪ ɤɢɧɢ-ɧɢ ߔࠆ-COND:3SG 3SG-ACC ɫɭɪɭɣ-ɚɪ ɛɚɥɚɣ ᦠߊ-VN.PRS ൗฅ ɷɪɷ PTCL ɬԛɤɬɷɪɢɢ ɷɪɷɣ-ɞɷɷɯ ɛɚɚɪ-ɚ, ɨɧɧɭɤ ɛɭɨɥɭɨ-ɦ-ɭɨ᠇-ɭ-ɬɬɚɧ ˠߒߺ-PROP ࠆ-P.3SG ߘ߁ ߥࠆ-NEG-VN.FUT-3SG-ABL PTCL ਇౕว ɛɚɚɪ-ɚ: ɭɪɭɬ ɋɚɯɚ ɬɵɥ-ɵ-ɧɚɧ ࠆ-P.3SG ᤄ ࠨࡂ ݶ-P.3SG-INST 1 ɤɢɧɢ ɫɭɪɭɤ-ɤɚ ɤɢɢɪ-ɷɪ ɬɨɫɯɨɥ-ɨ ɯɭɨɥɭ-ɬɚ ᦠܕ-DAT ࠆ-VN.PRS ᣇะ-P.3SG ᘠ-P.3SG ɢɤɢɝ-ɷ, ߹ߛ-P.3SG 3SG ɛɢɥɥ-ɷ ɢɥɢɝ-ɷ. ಽ߆ࠆ-SIM ߹ߛ-P.3SG ɛɢɢɪ ɞɚ ɞɚ ɫɭɪɭɤ ɫɭɪɭ-ɥɥ-ɚ PTCL ᚻ⚕ ᦠߊ-PASS-SIM ߪߦߣߎߊᦠࠍࠇߘޔ߫ࠇߔߣߛ߁ߘޟᄙᄢߥˠߒߺ߇ߞߚߌࠊߥࠄߥ߁ߘޕ ߦߪ߆ߥ߆ߞߚޕᤄ ߢݶࡂࠨޔ1 ߟ߽ᚻ⚕߇ᦠ߆ࠇߥ߆ߞߚᤨ߇ࠇߘޔᢥሼߣߒ ߡᱷࠆߥߤߣߪಽ߆ߞߡߥ߆ߞߚޠ (15) Ȼɵɥɵɪɝɵ ԛɣɷ-ɬɬɷɧ ɚɧɵɚɯɚ ɞɢɷɪɢ ɤԧɫɬ-ԧɪ ɋɚɯɚ-ɥɵ ᤄߩ ♿-ABL :DAT ߹ߢ ࠆ߃ۇ-VN.PRS ࠨࡂ-SML ɫɭɪɭ-ɥɥɭ-ɛɭɬ ɚɪɚɣ ɛɢɢɪ Ʉɷɬɢɯɢɫɢɫ ᦠߊ-PASS-VN.PST ߚߛ 1 ɛɭ ɞɚ ɫɭɪɭɤ ߎߩ PTCL ᦠܕ ɞɢɷɧ ɬɚ᠏ɚɪɚ ɫɭɪɭɝ-ɚ, ࠞ࠹ࠠ࠭ࡓ ߣ߁ ᦠܕ-P.3SG ɇɭɱɱɚ ɤɢɧɢɝɷ-ɬɢ-ɬɬɷɧ ɛɷɪɬ ɤɭԣɚ᠇ɚɧ-ɧɵɤ ࡠࠪࠕ ᧄ-P.3SG-ABL ߣߡ߽ ᖡ-ADVLZ ɬɵɥɛɚɚɫɬɚ-ɦ-ɦɵɬ. đࠆߔܦ-REFL-PST:3SG ޟᤄ߆ࠄ߹ߢߦሽߒߡࠆߚࠇ߆ᦠߢݶࡂࠨޔ໑৻ߩ߁ߣޢࡓ࠭ࠠ࠹ࠞޡ ŋߥࠆᦠ߇߽ߡߣࠄ߆ᧄߩݶࠕࠪࡠߪܕᦠߩߎޕή᭽ߦޠࠆߡࠇߐܦ (16) Ȼɭ ɬɭh-ɭ-ɬɬɚɧ ɦɢɧ ɛɢɥɢɝɢɧ ԛԧɪ-ɷ-ɛɢɧ ɬɚɩɬɵɵ-ɪ ߎߩ ߎߣ-P.3SG-ABL 1SG ༑߱-PRS-1SG ᗲߔࠆ-VN.PRS ɋɚɯɚ-ɦ ɬɵɥ-ɵ-ɧɚɧ ɦɚ᠏ɧɚɣɝɵ ɫɭɪɭɝ-ɭ ɦɢɧ ࠨࡂ-P.1SG ݶ-P.3SG-INST ╙৻ߩ ᚻ⚕-ACC 1SG ɫɭɪɭɣ-ɛɭɩ-ɩɭ-ɬɬɚɧ. ᦠߊ-VNޕPST-1SG-ABL ߪ⑳ߚߩߎޟሜߒޔᗲߔࠆᚒ߇ࠨࡂᦨࠅࠃߦݶೋߩᚻ⚕ࠍ⑳߇ᦠߚߎߣߢޠ 62 ർᣇੱᢥ⎇ⓥ╙ޓ㧣ภޓᐕ㧟 (17) Ȼɭ ɚɯɬɵɵ ɫɭɪɭɤ-ɤɚ ߎߩ ࿁ᗐ ᚻ⚕-DAT ɫɭɪɭɣ-ɭɨɯ-ɩɭ-ɧ ɦɢɧ ɫɨ᠇ɨɬɨɯ ɛɷɣɷ-ɦ ɬɭh-ɭ-ɧ ໑৻ ȴಽ-P.1SG ߎߣ-P.3SG-ACC ɚ᠇ɵɣɚ᠇-ɵɧɚɧ ɚɚɯ-ɩɵɬ-ɵɦ: ዋߥ-INST ᦠߊ-FUT-1SG-ACC 1SG ɫɚɧɚɪ᠇ɵɵ-ɥɚɚɯ ɚɯɬɵɵ-ɬɬɚɧ ɨɪɞɭɤ ࿁ᗐ-ABL ᖤߒߺ-PROP ࠃࠅ ɤɢɧɢɷɯɷ ނ-PST-1SG 3SG:DAT ɬɭɨɯ ɞɚ ɫɭɨɯ. PTCL ߥ ɫɨɪ-ɬɨɧ ᖤຟ-ABL ߩߎޟ࿁ᗐߦߪߚߛȴಽߩߚߦᦠߊߴ߈ߎߣࠍ⑳߇ዋߒ߫߆ࠅߚߪߦߎߘޕ ᖤߒߺޔᖤߒ࿁ᗐߩઁߦߪ߽ߥޠ (18) Ȼɭ ɬɭh-ɭ-ɬɬɚɧ ߎߩ ɦɢɧ, ߎߣ-P.3SG-ABL ɛɷɪɬ ɞɚ ɤɵɥɝɚɫ-ɬɵɤ ߣߡ߽ PTCL 1SG ɛɭɨɥ-ɥɚɪ, ⍴-ADVLZ ߥࠆ-COND:3SG ɷɛɢɢ ɫɭɪɭɣ-ɛɭɬ-ɭɦ ɋɚɯɚ ɨɥɨɪ-ɨɪ ɦɚɣɝɵ-ɬɵ-ɧ ɯɭɨɥɭ-ɬɭ-ɧ. ട ᦠߊ-PST-1SG ࠨࡂ -VN.PRS ᳇ᜬߜ-P.3SG ᘠü-P.3SG-ACC ޔߪ⑳ߦߚߩߎޟᭂߡ⍴ߊߪߞߡ߽ࡂࠨޔߚᦠߦࠄߐޔ᳃ᣖߩᣣߩޘ᳇ᜬ ߜ߿ᘠüࠍޠ (19) ɍhɭɧ-ɧɭɤ ɫɭɪɭɣ-ɭɨɯ-ɩɭ-ɧ ɫɭɪɭɝ-ɭɦ ɤɢɷɛ-ɷ ɛɭɨɣ-ɛɭɬ-ɚ, ണ-ADVLZ ᦠߊ-VN.FUT-1SG-ACC ᚻ⚕-P.1SG ᒻ-P.3SG ߕࠆ-PST-3SG ɨɨɥ ɝɷɧɧɷ ɋɚɯɚ ɨɥɨɪ-ɨɪ ɦɚɣɝɵ-ɬɵ-ɧɚɧ ɛɚɪɵ ɞɶɨɧ-ɬɨɧ ߘߩ ᓟ ࠨࡂ -VN.PRS ᳇ᜬߜ-P.3SG-INST ోߡ ੱޘ-ABL Ⱥɬɵɧ, ɫɚɧɚɚ-ɬɚ ɦɚɣɝɵ-ɬɚ ઁ ᳇ᜬߜ-P.3SG ߊߟ PTCL Ę߃-P.3SG ɯɚɫ ɞɚ ԛɣɷ ɭɫɬɚ-ɬɵ-ɝɚɪ ♿ ണߐ-P.3SG-DAT ɚ᠇ɵɣɚɯ ɭɥɥɚɪɵɣɵɵ-ɥɚɚɯ,11 ɯɭɨɥɭ-ɬɚ ዋߥ ᄌൻ-PROP ɫɢɪ-ɢɧ ɭɫɬɚ-ɬɚ ɤɷɦ-ɷ ɫɭɨɯ, ɬɵɚ-ɥɚɪɚ ɛɚɪɚɦ-ɦɚɬ ᚲ-P.3SG ണߐ-P.3SG ᤨ-ABES ߥ -P.3PL ᘠü-P.3SG ɤԧ᠏ԛɥ-ɷ ɭɪɚɬɵ, ɨɥɨɪ-ɨɪ ȴ↱-P.3SG ․ -VN.PRS ɤԛɧɞԛԛ ዧ߈ࠆ-NEG:VN.PRS ࡶ୰ߥ ɤɵɵɥ-ɵɧɚɧ ɭɭ-ɥɚɪɚ ɚɚɬ-ɬɚɚɯ ԛɬԛԧ ɛɚɥɵɝ-ɵɧɚɧ ɛɚɣɞ-ɚɪ, ᳓-P.3PL ฬ-PROP ʏ ၬ-INST ን-PRS:3SG േ‛-INST ɫɢɪ-ɢɧ ɬɵɦɧɵɵ-ɬɚ ɢɬɢɢ-ɬɷ ᥤ-P.3SG ɤɷɦ-ɷ ᤨ-ABES ɫɭɨɯ ɤԛԛɫ-ɬɷɷɯ, ߥ ജ-PROP ᚲ-P.3SG ኙ-P.3SG ɨɬ-ɨ ɦɚԣ-ɚ ԛԛɧ-ɷɪ ɤԛԛԣ-ɷ ɯɨɥɨɛɭɪ-ɚ ɫɭɨɯ. ̢-P.3SG ᧁ-P.3SG Ƃߟ-VN.PRS ജ-P.3SG -ABES ߥ ߇⑳ޟണߊᦠߊߎߣࠍᚻ⚕ߩᒻᑼ߇ߓߚߪੱࡂࠨߡߒߘޕᣣߩޘ᳇ᜬߜߦ߅ߡ ઁߩੱߩߘޕࠆߥ⇣ߪߣޘĘ߃߿᳇ᜬߜߪ♿߽ߩശ߶ߣࠎߤᄌࠊࠅ߇ߥߘޕ ߩᘠü߿ᮭߪ․ߛߩߘޕዬߩᐢߐߪࠅ܈⍮ࠇߕߩߘޔߪࡶ୰ߥേ‛ߢ 11 ઍᮡḰࠨࡂ ߪߢݶɭɥɚɪɵɣɵɵޟᄌൻߦ߁ࠃߩޠ୰ሶຨࠍᜬߚߥޕ 63 ᳯ⇌ޓ౻↢ᦨࠆࠃߦࠠࠬࡈࡠࡢ࠙ޓޓฎߩࠨࡂ⺆ᢥߩ․ᓽ ߞ߬ߢߩߘޔ᳓ߪฬဎʏၬߦንߺߩߘޔߩኙߐᥤߐߪࠅ܈⍮ࠇߥᒝߐ ߢߩᧁ̢ߩߘޔƂߟജߪ߃ࠃ߁߇ߥޠ (20) Ȼɭ ɦɚɧɵ ɛɚɪɵ-ɬɵ-ɧ ɛɢɢɪɞɢɢ ɛɢɱɢɝɢ-ɥɢ ɫɭɪɭɣ-ɞɚɯ-ɯɚ ߎࠇ ߎࠇ:ACC ోߡ-P.3SG-ACC 1 ߟߕߟ ᢥሼ-SML ᦠߊ-VN.NEUT-DAT ɯɚɫ ɞɚ ɯɚɥɵ᠏ ɤɢɧɢɝɷ ɫɭɪɭɤ ɬɚɯɫ-ɵɚ᠇-ɚ ɷɬɷ. ߊߟ PTCL ෘ ᧄ ᚻ⚕ ࠆ-FUT-3SG PTCL ࠍߡߴߔࠄࠇߎޟ1 ᢥሼߕߟᦠߡߞߚࠄޔౠ߆ߩಽෘᧄߦߥߞߡߒ߹ߞߚ ߢࠈ߁ޠ (21) Ɇɚɧɵɚɯɚ ɷɛ-ɢɥɥ-ɢɷɯ ߎࠇ:DAT ࣧߔ-PASS-FUT ߎߣ-PROP ɵɱɱɚɤ-ɤɚ ɢԣ-ɷɪ ɭɫɤɚɯ ɬɵɥ: ɤɢɦ ɛɚɚɪ-ɚ-ɣ ɤɢɧɢɥɷɪ ˟Ě-DAT ะ߆߁-VN.PRS ༁Ŏ ݶ ޅ ࠆ-P.3SG-Q 3PL ɬԧɪԛɬ ɷԣɷ-ɥɷɪɷ? ᩮ ῳ-3PL ɬɭɫ-ɬɚɚɯ ԛɣɷ-ɬɬɷɧ ԛɣɷ-᠇ɷ ɵɱɱɚɬ-ɬɚɧ ♿-ABL ♿-DAT ˟Ě-ABL ߩߎޟᚻ⚕ߦട߃ࠄࠇࠆߩߪ♿߽ߩശޔઍ߆ࠄઍ߳ߣવࠊࠆ༁Ŏߛߢޅޕ ߞߚߩ߆ᓐࠄߩవߩῳߪޠ߁ߣޔ (22) ɬɭɨɯ-ɬɚɧ ɤɵԣɚɧ-ɚɧ ɤɢɧɢɥɷɪ ɤɷɦ-ɷ ɫɭɨɯ ɵɪɚɚɯ ɞɨɣɞɭ-ɧɭ -ABL ദജߔࠆ-SEQ 3PL ᤨ-ABES ߥ ઉ ࿖-ACC ɛɭɥ-ɛɭɬ-ɬɚɪɚ-ɣ? 12 ࠆߌߟۇ-PST-3PL-Q ޟߩߚߦദജߒߡᓐࠄߪࠅ܈⍮ࠇߥߊઉ࿖ࠍ߆߁ࠈߛߩߚߌߟۇዛޠ (23) ɭɪɭɤɤɭ-ɬɬɚɧ ɤɢɧɧɷɪ ɫɭɪɭɝ-ɭ ɛɢɥ-ɛɷɬ-ɬɷɪɷ ᤄ-ABL 3PL ᦠܕ-ACC ⍮ࠆ-NEG:PST-3PL ߆ ɫɭɪɭɤ-ɬɚɪɵ-ɧ ɫԛɬɷɪ-ɛɢɬ-ɬɷɪɷ ɞɭ? ᦠܕ-3PL-ACC ᄬߊߔ-PST-3PL ߆ ɞɭ, ޟᤄ߆ࠄᓐࠄߪ⍮ࠄߥ߆ߞߚߩ߆ޔᓟߢᦠࠍܕᄬߞߚߩ߆ޠ 12 Böhtlingk (1851) ߢߪ(22)ߣ(23)ߩᢥ໑ߪዊᢥሼߢޕࠆߡࠇߐܕ ɯɨɣɭɬ ᓟߢ 64 ർᣇੱᢥ⎇ⓥ╙ޓ㧣ภޓᐕ㧟 (24) Ȼɭ ɭɫɤɚɯ ɤɷɩɫɷ-ɧ-ɷɪ ɬɵɥ-ɥɚɪ-ɬɚɧ ߎߩ ༁Ŏ ߔݔ-REFL-VN.PRS ܂-PL-ABL ɤɢԣɢ ɬɭɨɯ ɷɦɢɷ ੱ ߽ ɬɭԣɚ-ɥɚɚɯ ɢɬɷ᠇ɷɥ-ɥɷɷɯ ɛɵɥɵɪɝɵ-ɧɵ ɬɚԣɚɚɪ-ɵɚ᠇-ɚ ɷɬɷ. ⋉-PROP ାઔ-PROP ᤄ-ACC PTCL ߔ-FUT-3SG ߩߎޟ༁Ŏ߇܂ࠆࠇߐݔ߆ࠄੱߪࠄ߆ߩ⋉ߥࠍᒁ߈ߒߚߛࠈ߁ߦޠ (25) Ȼɭ ɛɚɪɵ-ɬɚ ɛɢɥɢɝɢɧ ɷɬ-ɢɥɥ-ɢɦɧɷ ɨɨɥ ߎࠇ ోߡ-P.3SG ɞɢɷɪɢ ɬԧԣԧ-᠇ԧ ɋɚɯɚ ɷɧ ɬԧɪԛɬ ԛԧɪɷɯ-ɯɢ-ɬɬɷɧ ɷɬ-ɷɪ ߹ߢ ߤࠇ߶ߤ-DAT ࠨࡂ 2SG ᩮ ᢎƂ-P.2SG-ABL ߁܂-VN.PRS ɯɚɚɥ-ɚɪ ߁܂-PASS-NEG:SEQ AUX-PRS:3SG ɬɵɥ-ɵɧɚɧ ɫɭɪɭɣ-ɚ ԛԧɪɷɧ-ɢɷ᠇-ɷɪ ݶ-INST ᦠߊ-SIM ቇ߱-VN.FUT-DAT ߹ߢ ɞɢɷɪɢ ɤɷɦ-᠏ɷ ߩ ᤨ-DAT ɛɢɷɬɷɪ ɤԧ᠏ԛɥ ɞɶɨɥ-ɥɨɨɯ ߹ߚߪ ȴ↱ ᐘ-PROP ɨɥɨɯ-ɬɨɨɯ ɤԧɪɫԛԧ ɫɚɧɚɚ-ɥɚɚɯ ɇɭɱɱɚ ɨɧɧɭɤ ɷɪɷɣ-ɢ ↢ᵴ-PROP ࢛ Ę߃-PROP ࡠࠪࠕ ߘߩࠃ߁ ˠߒߺ-ACC ɛɷɣɷ-ɬɢ-ɝɷɪ ɵɥ-ɵɧ-ɵɚ᠇-ɚɪ ɞɢɷɪɢ. ȴಽ-P.3SG-DAT ขࠆ-REFL-VN.FUT-DAT ߹ߢ ࡂࠨޔߢ߹ᤨߩߘޔߛ߹߹ߥࠇࠄݶߪߪߡߴߔߩߎޟ᳃ᣖ߇ߥߚߩᢎƂߦࠃ ࠅ܂ߒݔߢᦠߊߎߣࠍቇ߱߹ߢߪࠆޔȴ↱ߢᐘߥ↢ᵴࠍᜬߟ࢛ࡠࠪࠕੱ ߇ߘߩࠃ߁ߥˠߒߺࠍȴಽߚߜߦฃߌࠇࠆ߹ߢޠ (26) Ɉɨɥ ɢɤɤɢ ɚɪɞ-ɵ-ɝɚɪ ɬԧԣԧ ɷɪɷ ɬɭԣɚ-ɥɚɚɯ ɛɭɨɥ-ɚɪ ߘߩ 2 ശ-P.3SG-DAT ߤࠇ߶ߤ PTCL ⋉-PROP ߥࠆ-VN.PRS ɷɬɷ, ɤɢɧɢɥɷɪ ɬɵɥ-ɥɚɪɵ-ɧɚɧ PTCL 3PL ܂-P.3PL-INST ɨɥɨɪ-ɛɭɬ ɦɚɣɝɵ-ɥɚɪɵ-ɧ ɬɚ᠏ɚɪɚ ɫɭɪɭɤ-ɬɚɪɵ-ɧ ɚɚɬ-ɬɚɚɯ ɤɢԣɢ-ɥɷɪ ฬ-PROP ੱ-PL ᦠܕ-3PL-ACC ɬɵɥɛɚɚɫɬɚɚ-ɧ ↢߈ࠆ-VN.PST ᳇ᜬߜ-P.3PL-ACC ߔܦ-SEQ ɵɵɬ-ɚɪ ɛɭɨɥ-ɥɚɪ! ࠆ-VN.PRS ߥࠆ-COND:3SG ɫɭɪɭɣ-ɚɧ ɤɢɧɧɷɪ-ɝɷ ᦠߊ-SEQ 3PL-DAT ߩߘޟശߦߤࠇ߶ߤ⋉ߢߞߚࠈ߁߆ޔᓐࠄߩ܂ߢŋᦠࠍฬߥੱߩޘᣣߩޘ ᔃႺࠍߡߒܦᓐࠄߦߞߚߣߔࠇ߫ኽޠ (27) Ʉɢɧɢɥɷɪ ɨɧɭ ɛɚɪɵ-ɬɵ-ɧ ɚɚ᠇-ɚɧ ԧɣɞԛԧ-ɧ 3PL ࠇ:ACC ోߡ-P.3SG-ACC ނ-SEQ ಽ߆ࠆ-SEQ ɫɚɧɵɵ-ɪ-ɝɚ ԛԧɪɷɯ-ɯɷ Ę߃ࠆ-VN.PRS-DAT ᢎƂ-DAT ɫɵɫɬ-ɵɚɯ-ɬɚɪɚ ɷɬɷ. ઃߊ-FUT-3PL PTCL ޟᓐࠄߪߘࠇࠍߔߴߡߢࠎނℂ۳ߒĘ߃ࠆߎߣߢᢎƂ߇ߢ߈ߚߢࠈ߁ߦޠ 65 ᳯ⇌ޓ౻↢ᦨࠆࠃߦࠠࠬࡈࡠࡢ࠙ޓޓฎߩࠨࡂ⺆ᢥߩ․ᓽ (28) ɋԛɪɷɯ-ɩɢ-ɬɬɷɧ ɛɚ᠇ɚɪ-ɚ-ɛɵɧ ɬԧɪԛɬɬԛԧ-ɛԛɬ ɫɭɨɥ-ɝɭ-ɧ ᔃ-P.1SG-ABL ߁-PRS-1SG ഃᆎߔࠆ-VN.PST -P.2SG-ACC ɛԛɬɷɪ-ɢɷɯ-ɯɢ-ɧ. ⚳߃ࠆ-VN.FUT-2SG-ACC ߪ⑳ޟᔃ߆ࠄ߁߇ߚߥޔᆎߚࠍ⚳߃ࠆߎߣࠍޠ (29) ɕɚɥɞɶ-ɚɪ ɫԛɬ-ɷɪ ɷɣɢɷɯɷ ɤɷɪɝɷ᠏-᠏ɷɪ ɞɚ᠇ɚɧɵ ∛-VN.PRS ήߊߥࠆ-VN.PRS 2SG:DAT ኅᣖ-P.2SG:DAT ߽ ɬɢɢ-ɛɷ-ɬɢɧ, ԧɥ-ԛԧɯ ɞɢɷɪɢ ዯߊ-NEG-IMP.3SG ᱫߧ-VNޕFUT ߹ߢ ɯɚɧɧɵɤ ɞɚ ɫɨɪ ɷɣɢɷɯɷ ߤࠎߥ PTCL ˠߒߺ 2SG:DAT ɫɵɫɬɵ-ɛɚ-ɬɵɧ. ઃߊ-NEG-IMP.3SG ߿∛ޟᱫ߇ߥߚߣኅᣖߦޔߦ߁ࠃࠎߖ߹ࠇܠᱫߧ߹ߢߤࠎߥˠߒߺ߽ߥߚߦ ࠅ߹ߖࠎࠃ߁ߦޠ (30) ɗɣɢɝɢɧ ɦɷɥɞɶɢ ɵɬɵɤɬɚɚ-ɱɱɵ ɷɣɢɷɯɷ ԛɬԛԧ-ɧԛ ɛɚ᠇ɚɪ-ɚɱɱɵ 2SG:ACC Ᏹߦ ዅᢘߔࠆ-ACTOR 2SG:DAT ʏ-ACC ߁-ACTOR ࠍߚߥޟᏱߦዅᢘߒߡ߹ߔߦߚߥޔʏߎߣࠍߞߡ߹ߔޠ (31) ɍɛɚɪɵɫɤɚɣ. PSN ޠࠠࠬࡈࡠࡢ࠙ޟ (32) ɋɚɯɚ ɚɚɯɫɵɵ-ɬɵ-ɧɚɧ ɫɷɬɢɧɧɶɢ ɵɣ ɚ᠇ɵɫ ɫɚ᠏ɚ-ɬɚ. ࠨࡂ ᢙ߃ᣇ-P.3SG-INST ╙7 8 ᣂߒ-P.3SG ߩࡂࠨޟᢙ߃ᣇߢ ╙ޔ7 ߩዄ11 ዅߩ 8 ᣣޠ ࠙ࡢࡠࡈࠬࠠߩޟᚻ⚕ߣޠઍᮡḰࠨࡂઁߩߣݶ Უຨߩണ⍴ ࠙ࡢࡠࡈࠬࠠߩࠨࡂݶᢥߣઍᮡḰࠨࡂߩݶശߦߪޔᲣຨߩണ⍴ߦߟߡ༙ઁ߇ ߕ߹ޕࠆࠇࠄۇធ৹ਛߩᲣຨߦߟߡߪޔᰴߩ ؛1 ߩࠃ߁ߥઁ߇ࠆߢߩࠄࠇߎޕ ߪߕࠇ߽ޔઍᮡḰࠨࡂߩݶണᲣຨ߇ޟᚻ⚕ߪߢޠ⍴Უຨߢࠇߡࠆޕ 66 ർᣇੱᢥ⎇ⓥ╙ޓ㧣ภޓᐕ㧟 ؛፸፧ ធ৹ᬞᬄᬾᲣຨണ⍴ᬡઁ፧ ࠙ࡢࡠࡈࠬࠠߩޟᚻ⚕ޠ ઍᮡḰࠨࡂݶ ᢥ ⋡⊛േ݆ -ɚɪɵ -ɚɚɪɵ (1) ὑĚฬ݆ᵷ↢ -ɚɱɱɵ -ɚɚɱɱɵ (30) -ɥɵ -ɥɵɵ (10)(15)(20) ᭽ᘒᵷ↢ ᰴߦݶᐙਛߩᲣຨߦߟߡߪ ؛ޔ2 ߩࠃ߁ߥઁ߇ࠆ⇼ޕߩޠ)ੱ(ࠕࠪࡠޟߣޠ߆ޟ ߦߟߡߪޔઍᮡḰࠨࡂߩݶണᲣຨ߇ޟᚻ⚕ߪߢޠ⍴Უຨߢࠇߡࠆࡶޟߦੂޕ୰ ߥޠ ޔᜰ␜݆ߩޔޠࠇޟ ޟਇౕว ߩޠ3 ޔߪߡߟߦݶઍᮡḰࠨࡂߩݶ⍴Უຨࠍ࠙ࡢ ࡠࡈࠬࠠߪണᲣຨߢޔࠅ߹ߟޕࠆߡߒܕઍᮡḰࠨࡂߦ࠻ࠬࠢ࠹ߩࠠࠬࡈࡠࡢ࠙ߣݶ ߪᲣຨߩണ⍴ߦߟߡઁ߇ߚߒ৻ߪߦઁߩߘޔࠇࠄۇะ߇ߥߪߢߌࠊࠆࠇࠄۇ ޕ ؛፹፧ ݶᐙᬞᬄᬾᲣຨണ⍴ᬡઁ፧ ࠙ࡢࡠࡈࠬࠠߩޟᚻ⚕ޠ ߆ዄ⇼ዅ ઍᮡḰࠨࡂݶ ᢥ ɞɭ ɞɭɭ (23)ዄ2 ߆ᚲዅ ࡶ୰ߥ ɤԛɧɞԛԛ ɤԛɧɞԛ (19) ࡠࠪࠕ(ੱ) ɇɭɱɱɚ ɇɭɭɱɱɚ (15)(25) ɨɨɥ ɨɥ (14)(19)(25)(26) ɬԛɤɬɷɪɢɢ ɬԛɤɬɷɪɢ (11)(14) ࠇዄᜰ␜݆ዅ ਇౕว ߎߎߢߪᜰ␜݆ߦޠࠇޟᵈ⋡ߒߚ ؛ޕ2 ߦ߽␜ߔࠅߩߎޔᜰ␜݆ߪઍᮡḰࠨ ࡂߪߢݶ⍴Უຨࠍᜬߟ (ɨɥ)ݔޔߒߛߚޕĚ߆ࠄߡۇઍ߆ઉߊߦሽߔࠆ‛ࠍ႐ᜰ␜ ߔࠆߦߪޔണᲣຨࠍ߁ᒻᑼ (ɨɨɥ) ߽↪ࠄࠇࠆޔߪߢܕ؛ߩࠠࠬࡈࡠࡢ࠙ߒ߆ߒޕ 4 ߩઉ⒓ᜰ␜݆߇ߔߴߡണᲣຨࠍߞߡࠆዄޟ࿁ᗐޠ ਛߩߔߴߡߩ߽ห᭽ߢࠆዅ ޕ Old Turkic ߪᲣຨߩണ⍴ߩࠍᜬߞߡߚޕઍࠨࡂߩݶണᲣຨߩ߁ߜ৻ૡߪޔOT ߩണᲣຨࠍฃߌ⛮ߋ߽ߩߢࠆޕOT ߩઉ⒓ᜰ␜݆ߪ ol ߢࠅ⍴Უຨࠍߔࠆߒ߆ߒޕ ߥ߇ࠄ Erdal (2004: 48-49) ߦࠃࠇ߫ޔᲣຨሼ߇୰ߨߡ┙ࠆޔࠅ߇ߣߎࠆࠇߐܕ؛႐ ߢߪߎࠇࠍണᲣຨߣ۳୬ߔࠆߎߣ߇นƫߢࠆߣ߁13ޕ ߐࠄߦᜰ៰ߔߴ߈ὐߣߒߡ࠴ࡘࡧࠔࠪࡘߩߣݶኻᔕ߇ࠆޕOT ߩണᲣຨߩ৻ૡߪޔ ࠴ࡘࡧࠔࠪࡘݶߩݶ໑ߦ߅ߌࠆޟໃᱤᡂຨᲣຨߦޠኻᔕߔࠆߎߣ߇ࠆ14ࡧࡘ࠴ޕ ࠔࠪࡘߩݶઉ⒓ᜰ␜݆߇ ɜăɥ ߢࠆታ߆ࠄߔࠆߣޔOT ߢߪണᲣຨࠍᜬߟߎߣ߇ᦼᓙ 13 ߽߁৻ߟߩ┙႐ߦ┙ߡ߫ޔᲣຨߩੑ୰ߪܕ؛ໃᲣຨߩ೨ɐዋᓟɐࠍߔࠆߚߩ߽ߩߢ ࠆߣ߁ޕ 14 ߣߒߡߪ࠴ࡘࡧࠔࠪࡘ ߩݶɜɭɬޟἫ ߿ޠɜɭɧޟ10ݕ߇ޠᒰߔࠆ ߪߢݶࡂࠨߪࠄࠇߎޕɭɨɬޟἫޠ ߿ ɭɨɧޟ10ߦ߁ࠃߩޠੑ୰Უຨߣߒߡࠇࠆޕ 67 ᳯ⇌ޓ౻↢ᦨࠆࠃߦࠠࠬࡈࡠࡢ࠙ޓޓฎߩࠨࡂ⺆ᢥߩ․ᓽ ߐࠇࠆޕߦ࠙ࡢࡠࡈࠬࠠߩࠅࠃ߇ܕ؛ฎᲑߩࠨࡂߩݶᆫࠍߔ߽ߩߢࠆߣߔࠇ ߫ߩݶࡂࠨޔઉ⒓ᜰ␜݆ߦ߅ߡണᲣຨ߆ࠄ⍴Უຨ߳ߩᄌൻ߇࣐ߎߞߚߎߣߦߥࠆޕ ݶᒵ⊛ᢥᴺ⊛ઁ ݶᒵ⊛ࠆߪᢥᴺߩઁߦߟߡޔએਅߩ 3 ὐߦ◲නߦ۵ࠇࠆޕ ╙৻ߦ࣐⛮ޔേุ݆ቯᒻߩធ৹ᒻᑼߦઁ߇ࠆߩࠍᜰ៰ߢ߈ࠆߩࠠࠬࡈࡠࡢ࠙ޕ ࠨࡂݶᢥߦ߅ߌࠆធ৹ᒻᑼߪ-ɵɦɧɚዄ߅ࠃ߮Უຨގ╬ߦࠃࠆ⇣ᒻᘒዅߢࠆ߇ޔઍ ᮡḰࠨࡂߪߢݶ-ɛɚɤɤɚዄ߅ࠃ߮Უຨގ╬ߦࠃࠆ⇣ᒻᘒዅߢࠆޟޕᚻ⚕ޠਛߦߎߩធ ৹ᒻᑼߪ 2 ዄᢥ(3)߅ࠃ߮(25)ዅࠇߡࠆ߇ޔઍᮡḰࠨࡂݶห᭽ߩᒻᑼߪోߊ ࠇߥ15ޕ ╙ੑߦޔ3 ੱ⒓ٴᢙੱ⒓ઍฬ݆ߩᒻᑼߦំࠇ߇ࠆޕઍᮡḰࠨࡂ ߪߢݶɤɢɧɢɥɷɪ ࠍ ↪ࠆݶࡂࠨߩࠠࠬࡈࡠࡢ࠙ޕᢥߢߪޔɤɢɧɢɥɷɪ ߩઁߦ ɤɢɧɧɷɪ ߽↪ࠄࠇࠆޕ ᐲࠍޔߣࠆۇ ޟᚻ⚕ޠਛߦ೨Ěߪ 4 ࠇޔᓟĚߪ 3 ࠇߡࠆዄɤɢɧɢɥɷɪ ߪᢥ(21)ޔ (22)( ޔ26)( ޔ27)ߦޔɤɢɧɧɷɪ ߪᢥ(9)( ޔ23)( ޔ26)ߦࠇࠆዅޕ ╙ਃߦޔ1 ੱ⒓නᢙੱ⒓ઍฬ݆ߩኻᩰᒻߩઁ߇ᜰ៰ߢ߈ࠆޕ ޟᚻ⚕ߩޠᢥ(2)ߦ ࠇࠆᒻᑼ ɦɢɣɢɝɢɧ ߪઍᮡḰࠨࡂߩݶᒻᑼ ɦɢɢɝɢɧ ߣ⇣ߥߞߡࠆޕ1SG ੱ⒓ઍฬ݆ߩ ਥᩰᒻ߇ቖຨ ɧ ࠍߔࠆߎߣ ߮ࠃ߅ޔ1SG ੱ⒓ઍฬ݆ߩᢳᩰᒻߦߪޟቖຨൻߒߚ ɣ߇ޠ ࠇࠆߎߣ߆ࠄޔߡۇធਝຨ߇Džቖຨൻߔࠆએ೨ߩᆫࠍᤋߒߚ߽ߩߢࠆߣផቯߔࠆߎ ߣ߇นƫߢࠆޔߜࠊߥߔޕᰴߩ ؛3 ߦ␜ߔ[1]߆ࠄ[3]߳ߩᄌൻ߇࣐ߎߞߚߣផቯߢ߈ ࠆዄ ؛3 ߢߪߎߩߎߣࠍ 2 ੱ⒓නᢙੱ⒓ઍฬ݆ߣኻᲧߐߖߟߟ␜ߔዅ ޕ ؛፺፧ ੱ⒓ઍฬ݆ኻᩰᒻᬡDžቖຨൻ፧ ਥᩰ ኻᩰ [1] ɣ ߪቖຨ [2] ɣ ߇Džቖຨൻ [3] ຨ▵ߩG⚂ 1SG ઍฬ݆ ɦɢɧ ɦɢɣɢɝɢɧ ɦɢɣɢɝɢɧ ɦɢɢɝɢɧ 2SG ઍฬ݆ ɷɧ ɷɣɢɝɢɧ ɷɣɢɝɢɧ ɷɣɢɝɢɧ ⚳ࠊࠅߦ Böhtlingk (1851) ߦࠄࠇߚ 2 ߟߩ࠹ࠢࠬ࠻ޟߩࠠࠬࡈࡠࡢ࠙ߜࠊߥߔޔᚻ⚕ޠ ޟ࿁ ᗐݶࡂࠨߪޠᲣݔݶĚߦࠃࠆᦨฎߩࠨࡂݶᢥߢࠆߣĘ߃ࠄࠇࠆᧄޕⓂߢߪ࠙ࡢࡠࡈࠬ ࠠߩޟᚻ⚕ࠍޠĘኤߩኻ࠾ߣߒޔઍᮡḰࠨࡂࠍઁߩߣݶĘኤߒߚޕ ᧄⓂߢߪᲣຨߩണ⍴ߦ․ߦᵈ⋡ߒޔઍᮡḰࠨࡂઁߩߘޔߣߎࠆࠇࠄۇ߇ઁߩߣݶ ߪᔅߕߒ߽৻ߒߚะࠍ␜ߔ߽ߩߢߪߥߎߣࠍᜰ៰ߒߚޕᵈ⋡ߔߴ߈ߥߩߪޔઉ ⒓ᜰ␜݆ߩޠࠇޟᲣຨߩണߐߢࠆޟޕᚻ⚕ޠਛߩో 4 ߢޔઉ⒓ᜰ␜݆ߪണᲣຨࠍ ߞߡޕࠆߡࠇߐܕ؛ߦฎᲑߩࠨࡂߢݶണᲣຨࠍࠎߢߚߣĘ߃ࠄࠇࠇ߫ޔ 15 ߥ߅ޟ࿁ᗐߡߒ৻߽ߦޠធ৹ᒻᑼ-ɵɦɧɚ ߇ࠇߡࠆޕ 68 ർᣇੱᢥ⎇ⓥ╙ޓ㧣ภޓᐕ㧟 Old Turkic ߩߩߣݶࡘࠪࠔࡧࡘ࠴߿ܕ؛ኻᔕߦീߔࠆ 1 ߟߩᚻដ߆ࠅࠍਈ߃ࠆߎߣߦߥ ࠆޕ ⇛ภ ABE: ᰳᩰޔABL: ᅓᩰޔACC: ኻᩰޔADVLZ: ݆ᵷ↢ធ৹ޔAUX: ٜഥേ݆ޔCAUS: ᓎޔ COND: P: ᧦ઙᴺޔDAT: ਈᩰޔFUT: ᧂ᧪ޔIMP: ޔINST: ౕᩰޔNEG: ุቯޔORD: ᐨᢙޔ ᚲធ৹ޔPASS: ฃॺޔPL: ٴᢙޔPROP: ᚲ(proprietive)ޔPRS: ޔPSN: ੱฬޔPST: ޔPTCL: ዊ݆ޔPURP: ⋡⊛േ݆ޔQ: ⇼ޔREFL: ౣᏫޔSEQ: ⛮࣐േ݆ޔSG: න ᢙޔSIM: หᤨേ݆ޔSML: ᭽ᘒᵷ↢(similative)ޔVN: ᒻേ݆ޕ ෳĘᢥ₂ Böhtlingk, Otto. 1851 Über die Sprache der Jakuten. Grammatik, Text und Wörterbuch. St. Petersburg. [Reprinted in 1963, Indiana University Publications, Uralic and Altaic Series, vol. 35. The Hague: Mouton.] Erdal, Marcel. 2004 A grammar of Old Turkic. Leiden/Boston: Brill. Nikolaeva, A.M. 2013 Ⱥ.ə. ɍɜɚɪɨɜɫɤɚɣ «Ⱥɯɬɵɵɥɚɪɵɝɚɪ» ɬɵɥ ɷɬɢɝɷɧ ɧɶɵɦɚɥɚɪɚ.ዷ࠙ࡢࡠࡈࠬࠠߩޡ࿁ ᗐ܂ࠆߌ߅ߦޢ࿁ߒዹ Danilova, N.I. et al. (eds.) O.N. Betlingk i voprosy tjurkskoj filologii. Yakutsk: IGI and PMNS. 205-207. Nelunov, A.G. 2013 Frazeologizmy v «Vospominanijax» A.Ja. Uvarovskogo. Danilova, N.I. et al. (eds.) O.N. Betlingk i voprosy tjurkskoj filologii. Yakutsk: IGI and PMNS. 110-113. Pakendorf, Brigitte. 2007 Contact in the Prehistory of the Sakha (Yakuts): Linguistic and Genetic Perspectives. LOT Dissertation series 170. Utrecht: LOT. ᳯ⇌ޓ౻↢ᦨࠆࠃߦࠠࠬࡈࡠࡢ࠙ޓޓฎߩࠨࡂ⺆ᢥߩ․ᓽ The Oldest Sakha Text by Uvarovskij Fuyuki EBATA Niigata University Böhtlingk (1851), the first comprehensive grammar of Sakha (Yakut), contains two texts written by Uvarovskij, a native speaker of Sakha. These two texts, Uvarovskij’s letter and memoir, are considered to be the oldest texts written in Sakha. This paper gives morpheme-by-morpheme glosses and translations to Uvarovskij’s letter to Böhtlingk, and examines how his language differs from modern standard Sakha particularly focusing on the vowel length. In some cases, Uvarovskij uses short vowels where modern standard Sakha has long ones, and in other cases there are apparently sporadic long vowels corresponding to modern short ones. It is noteworthy that Uvarovskij uses long vowels in all the four examples of the distant demonstrative pronoun ool, which is ol with a short vowel in the modern standard language. Thus Uvarovskij’s text perhaps reflects an older stage of Sakha language, and gives some keys to the comparative studies of Turkic languages. 69
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