9. 認知 2PM-038 日心第77回大会（2013） どぬⓗពᛮỴᐃࡢึᮇẁ㝵࠾ࡅࡿど⥺ࡢ೫ࡾ ̿ὀどࣃࢱู࣮ࣥࡢึᅇ␃㛫ࡢ᳨ウ̿ ۑ༟ஓ 1࣭ῲᮏ₶ 1, 2࣭ᆏಙஅ 1 1 㸦 ᮾᏛᏛ㝔ᩥᏛ◊✲⛉࣭2 ࢧࢵ࣏ࣟࣅ࣮ࣝᰴᘧ♫౯್㐀ࣇࣟࣥࢸ◊✲ᡤ㸧 ࣮࣮࢟࣡ࢻ㸸ពᛮỴᐃ㸪ど⥺ࡢ೫ࡾ㸪║⌫㐠ື Gaze bias in the early stage of visual decision making: Pattern-based analysis of first dwell duration Takuya ONUMA1, Jun FUCHIMOTO1,2 and Nobuyuki SAKAI1 1 ( Department of Psychology, Graduate School of Arts and Letters, Tohoku University, 2 Frontier Laboratories of Value Creation, Sapporo Breweries LTD.) Key Words: decision making, gaze bias, eye movement ࠸࡚ࡣ㑅ዲุ᩿ㄢ㢟ࡉุ᩿ㄢ㢟ࡢ㛫࡛ᕪࡣ࡞࠸ࡶࡢࡢ (p = .405)㸪SL ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࡉุ᩿ㄢ㢟ࡼࡾࡶ㑅ዲุ᩿ㄢ㢟ࡢ ␃㛫ࡢ᪉ࡀ㛗࠸ࡇࡀࢃࡗࡓ (p < .001)ࠋࡉࡽ㸪㑅ᢥ 㡰ᗎὀど㡰ᗎࡢ㛫స⏝ࡀࡳࡽࢀ[F(1, 10) = 15.270, p < .005]㸪FL ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ FCT SCT ࡢ㛫࡛ᕪࡣ࡞࠸ࡶࡢࡢ (p = .205)㸪SL ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ FCT ࡼࡾࡶ SCT ࡢ␃㛫ࡢ᪉ࡀ㛗 ࠸ࡇࡀࢃࡗࡓ (p < .001)ࠋࡇࡢࡇࡽ㸪SL ࠾࠸࡚ࡢ ࡳ㸪㑅ࡤࢀࡿ่⃭ࡢど⥺ࡢ೫ࡾࡀࡳࡽࢀࡿࡇࡀࢃࡗࡓࠋ ᐇ㦂2 ཧຍ⪅ ᮾᏛࡢᏛ⏕࣭Ꮫ㝔⏕ 13 ྡ㸦⏨ᛶ 2 ྡ㸪ዪᛶ ― 644 ― Dwell duration (ms) 11 ྡ㸧࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ どぬ่⃭ ᕷ㈍ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㉥࣡ࣥࡢ࣎ࢺࣝ⏬ീࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ 㸦ィ 6 ✀㢮㸧 ࠋᥦ♧᪉ἲࡸᐇ㦂⨨ࡣᐇ㦂 1 ྠᵝ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ᡭ⥆ࡁ ࡼࡾዲࡁ࡞᪉ࢆ㑅ࡪࠕ㑅ዲุ᩿ㄢ㢟ࠖ㸪ࡼࡾⰍࡀ ᫂ࡿ࠸᪉ࢆ㑅ࡪࠕ᫂ࡿࡉุ᩿ㄢ㢟ࠖࡢࡘࡢㄢ㢟ࢆ㡰␒࠾ ࡇ࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡑࢀ௨እࡢᡭ⥆ࡁࡣࡍ࡚ᐇ㦂 1 ྠᵝ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ⤖ᯝ⪃ᐹ ᚓࡽࢀࡓ⤖ᯝࢆᅗ 1㸦ྑ㸧♧ࡋࡓࠋὀどࣃࢱ ู࣮ࣥࡢึᅇ␃㛫ࡘ࠸࡚㸪3 せᅉ㸦ㄢ㢟: 2㑅ᢥ㡰ᗎ: 2 ὀど㡰ᗎ: 2㸧ࡢศᩓศᯒࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞ࡗࡓࡇࢁ㸪ὀど㡰ᗎࡢ ຠᯝࡀࡳࡽࢀ [F(1, 12) = 19.071, p < .001]㸪FL ࡼࡾࡶ SL ࡢ ␃㛫ࡢ᪉ࡀ㛗࠸ࡇࡀࢃࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪㑅ᢥ㡰ᗎὀど 㡰ᗎࡢ㛫స⏝ࡀࡳࡽࢀ [F(1, 12) = 7.724, p < .05]㸪FL ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ FCT SCT ࡢ㛫࡛ᕪࡣ࡞࠸ࡶࡢࡢ (p = .435)㸪SL ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ FCT ࡼࡾࡶ SCT ࡢ␃㛫ࡢ᪉ࡀ㛗࠸ࡇࡀࢃ ࡗࡓ (p < .01)ࠋࡇࡢࡇࡽ㸪SL ࠾࠸࡚ࡢࡳ㸪㑅ࡤࢀࡿ่ ⃭ࡢど⥺ࡢ೫ࡾࡀࡳࡽࢀࡿࡇࡀࢃࡗࡓࠋ 1000 1000 FL SL FL SL chosen 900 chosen chosen 900 800 800 chosen chosen 700 700 chosen 600 600 chosen 500 500 chosen 400 400 300 300 200 200 100 100 0 0 FCT SCT FCT SCT FCT SCT FCT SCT Preference Brightness Preference Roundness ᅗ1 ྛㄢ㢟䛻䛚䛡䜛ὀど䝟䝍䞊䞁䛤䛸䛾FL䛸SL䛾␃㛫 (ms)䠊ᐇ㦂1䠄ᕥᅗ䠅䛸ᐇ㦂2䠄ྑᅗ䠅䠊 䠄䜶䝷䞊䝞䞊䛿ᶆ‽ㄗᕪ䜢⾲䛩䠅 ⪃ ᐹ ᐇ㦂 1 ࠾ࡼࡧᐇ㦂 2 ࡢ⤖ᯝࡽ㸪᭱⤊ⓗ㑅ࡤࢀࡿࡇ ࡞ࡿ่⃭ࡢど⥺ࡢ೫ࡾࡣ㸪ẚ㍑ࡢẁ㝵࡛ึࡵ࡚⏕ࡌ࡚࠸ࡿ ྍ⬟ᛶࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪ᐇ㦂 1 ࡢ⤖ᯝࡽ㸪㑅ዲุ᩿ࡢ ㄢ㢟≉␗ᛶࡼࡿຠᯝࡶẚ㍑ẁ㝵࠾࠸࡚⏕ࡌ࡚࠸ࡿྍ⬟ᛶ ࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡓࠋ Dwell duration (ms) ┠ ⓗ Schotter et al. (2010) ࡼࢀࡤ㸪どぬⓗពᛮỴᐃ࠾࠸࡚㑅 ࡤࢀࡿࡇ࡞ࡿ่⃭ࡢど⥺ࡢ೫ࡾࡀ㸪ྛ่⃭ࡢึᅇࡢ ␃ࡢⅬ࡛ࡳࡽࢀࡿ࠸࠺ࠋࡋࡋ Schotter ࡽࡣ㸪 ࠕ㑅ࡤࢀ ࡿ่⃭ࢆึࡵぢ࡚㸪㑅ࡤࢀ࡞࠸่⃭ࢆࡑࡢḟぢࡿヨ⾜ 㸦first chosen trial: FCT㸧ࠖࠕ㑅ࡤࢀ࡞࠸่⃭ࢆึࡵぢ࡚㸪 㑅ࡤࢀࡿ่⃭ࢆࡑࡢḟぢࡿヨ⾜㸦second chosen trial: SCT㸧ࠖ ࢆ༊ูࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ᭱ึ࠶ࡿ่⃭ࢆὀどࡋࡓ㝿ࡣ㸦first look: FL㸧 㸪ࡑࡢ่⃭ࡢ࢚ࣥࢥ࣮ࢹࣥࢢࡔࡅࡀ࠾ࡇ࡞ࢃࢀࡿ ୍᪉࡛㸪ࡑࡢḟࡢ่⃭ࡢὀどࡢ㝿ࡣ㸦second look: SL㸧 㸪 ࡑࡢ่⃭ࡢ࢚ࣥࢥ࣮ࢹࣥࢢࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎࡶ࠺୍᪉ࡢ่⃭ࡢど ぬ⾲㇟ࡢẚ㍑ࡶ࠾ࡇ࡞ࢃࢀࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ㸪ࡇ ࢀࡽࡢὀどࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࡼࡗ࡚ど⥺ࡢ೫ࡾࡀ␗࡞ࡿ⌧ࢀ᪉ࢆࡍ ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪ୖグࡢὀどࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࢆ༊ูࡋ ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪㑅ࡤࢀࡿ่⃭ࡢど⥺ࡢ೫ࡾࡀึᅇࡢ␃࠾࠸࡚ ࡳࡽࢀࡿ࠺ࢆ㸪どぬ่⃭ࡋ࡚ேࡢ㢦㸦ᐇ㦂 1㸧࠾ࡼ ࡧ࣡ࣥ࣎ࢺࣝ㸦ᐇ㦂 2㸧ࢆ⏝࠸᳨࡚ウࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪Shimojo et al. (2003) ࡀᙇࡍࡿど⥺ࡢ೫ࡾࡢㄢ㢟≉␗ᛶࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ᳨ ウࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪㑅ዲุ᩿ㄢ㢟ࡑࡢࡢᐈほⓗุ᩿ㄢ㢟ࡼࡿ ẚ㍑ࡶ࠾ࡇ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ ᐇ㦂1 ཧຍ⪅ ᮾᏛࡢᏛ⏕࣭Ꮫ㝔⏕ 11 ྡ㸦ࡍ࡚ዪᛶ㸧࡛ ࠶ࡗࡓࠋ どぬ่⃭ ATR ⾲ࢹ࣮ࢱ࣮࣋ࢫࡽ⏨ᛶ 3 ྡ㸪ዪᛶ 3 ྡࡢ ┿㢦┿ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ㸦ィ 6 ✀㢮㸧 ࠋ6 ✀㢮ࡢ่⃭ࡢ୰ࡽ 2 ✀㢮 ࢆࣛࣥࢲ࣒࣌ࡋ㸪17 ࣥࢳࣔࢽࢱࡢ⏬㠃ୖࡢᕥྑ⟠ ᡤྠᥦ♧ࡋࡓࠋึࡵὀどⅬࡀ 2000ms ᥦ♧ࡉࢀࡓᚋ㸪 ่⃭ࡀᥦ♧ࡉࢀ㸪࣮࢟ᢲࡋᛂྠḟࡢヨ⾜ࡢὀどⅬࡀ ᥦ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋ ᐇ㦂⨨ ║⌫㐠ືࡢ ᐃࡣ㸪Eyetech TM3㸦▖Ꮝᙳࡼࡿ 㠀᥋ゐᆺࡢど⥺ᐃ㸧ど⥺ゎᯒࢯࣇࢺ࢙࢘ QG-Plus ࢆ⏝ ࠸࡚࠾ࡇ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ่⃭ࡢᥦ♧࠾ࡼࡧ࣮࢟ᢲࡋᛂࡢグ㘓ࡣ㸪 E-prime 2.0 ࢆ⏝࠸࡚࠾ࡇ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ ᡭ⥆ࡁ ࡼࡾዲࡁ࡞㢦ࢆ㑅ࡪࠕ㑅ዲุ᩿ㄢ㢟ࠖ㸪ࡼࡾ࠸ 㢦ࢆ㑅ࡪࠕࡉุ᩿ㄢ㢟ࠖࡢࡘࡢㄢ㢟ࢆ㡰␒࠾ࡇ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ ࡞࠾㸪ㄢ㢟ࡢ㡰ᗎࡘ࠸࡚ࡣཧຍ⪅㛫࡛࢝࢘ࣥࢱ࣮ࣂࣛࣥࢫ ࢆࡗࡓࠋཧຍ⪅ࡣ㸪ྛㄢ㢟ࡢᩍ♧ᚑ࠸㸪ᕥࡢ่⃭ࢆ㑅ᢥ ࡍࡿ㝿ࡣ 1 ࣮࢟ࢆ㸪 ྑࡢ่⃭ࢆ㑅ᢥࡍࡿ㝿ࡣ 3 ࣮࢟ࢆᢲࡋࡓࠋ ᐇ㦂ࢹࢨࣥ ὀどࣃࢱู࣮ࣥࡢึᅇ␃㛫ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ㄢ 㢟㸦㑅ዲุ᩿㸪ࡉุ᩿㸧 㸪㑅ᢥ㡰ᗎ㸦FCT㸪SCT㸧㸪ὀど㡰 ᗎ㸦FL㸪SL㸧ࡢ⿕㦂⪅ෆ 3 せᅉィ⏬࡛ศᯒࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ ⤖ᯝ⪃ᐹ ᚓࡽࢀࡓ⤖ᯝࢆᅗ 1㸦ᕥ㸧♧ࡋࡓࠋὀどࣃࢱ ู࣮ࣥࡢึᅇ␃㛫ࡘ࠸࡚㸪3 せᅉ㸦ㄢ㢟: 2㑅ᢥ㡰ᗎ: 2 ὀど㡰ᗎ: 2㸧ࡢศᩓศᯒࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞ࡗࡓࡇࢁ㸪ὀど㡰ᗎࡢ ຠᯝࡀࡳࡽࢀ [F(1, 10) = 46.727, p < .001]㸪FL ࡼࡾࡶ SL ࡢ ␃㛫ࡢ᪉ࡀ㛗࠸ࡇࡀࢃࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪ㄢ㢟ὀど㡰ᗎ ࡢ㛫స⏝ࡀࡳࡽࢀ [F(1, 10) = 13.517, p < .005]㸪FL ࡘ
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