Ⓨ㐩㻌 㻞㻭㻹㻝㻟㻥㻌 ᪥ᚰ➨ 㻣㻟 ᅇ䠄㻞㻜㻜㻥䠅㻌 ⥲ሗ㓘㔞ࡢ㐪࠸ࡀ 5 ṓඣࡢሗ㓘ศ㓄⾜ືཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪 ۑὠࠎΎ⨾㸯 㸦 ⨾సᏛᏛ㝔ே㛫Ⓨ㐩Ꮫ◊✲⛉㸧 ࣮࣮࢟࣡ࢻ: ศ㓄ࡢබṇࡉ㸪㸳ṓඣ㸪ᖹ➼࣭බᖹཎ⌮ 㸯 The number of rewards influences reward allocations employed by five-year-old children Kiyomi TSUTSU1 1 ( Department of Human Development, Mimasaka Univ.) Key words: distributive justice, preschool children, equality and equity principle ┠ ⓗ ሗ㓘ࢆศ㓄ࡍࡿࡁసᴗ㔞ࡢ␗࡞ࡿே㸪ࡢࡼ࠺ศ㓄 ࡍࢀࡤ㸪ⓙࡀබṇㄆࡵࡿࡢࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡇࡢၥ㢟ࡣ㸰⪅㛫 ࡢศ㓄࠾࠸࡚㸪సᴗ㔞ሗ㓘㔞ࡢẚ⋡ࡀ➼ࡋ࠸ࡁࢆබṇ ࡍࡿ❧ሙ㸦බᖹ⌮ㄽ㸹HJ$GDPV㸹௨ୗ࡛ࡣࡇࢀ ᇶ࡙ࡃศ㓄ࢆẚⓗබᖹศ㓄ࡪ㸧➼ࡋࡃሗ㓘ࢆศ㓄ࡍ ࡿࡇࡀබṇ࡛࠶ࡿࡍࡿ㸦ᖹ➼⌮ㄽ㸹ᖹ➼ศ㓄㸧 ࡘࡢ❧ ሙࡀ࠶ࡿࠋᏊࡶࢆᑐ㇟ࡋࡓሗ㓘ศ㓄◊✲ࡣ㸪Ⓨ㐩ẁ㝵ࢆ ᳨ウࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸦HJ'DPRQ㸹Ώ㎶㸪㸧㸪 ṓඣࡣ ཝᐦ࡞ᖹ➼ᛶࡽุ᩿ࡋ㸪ᖹ➼ศ㓄ࢆ⾜࠺⤖ㄽࡉࢀࡓࠋࡲ ࡓ㸪 ṓඣ࡛ᖹ➼ศ㓄ࡀከ࠸ࡢࡣ㸪ẚࡢᴫᛕࡀᮍ⇍࡛࠶ࡿ ࡽࡔࡍࡿ◊✲ࡶ࠶ࡿ㸦+RRN㸪㸧ࠋ᭱㏆ࡢ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪ே㛫 㛵ಀࡸⓏሙே≀ࡢ≉ᛶ࡞ࢆタᐃࡋ㸪ࡑࢀࡽࢆᗂඣࡣ⪃៖ࡍ ࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࠺ࡀ᳨ウࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦HJ6LJHOPDQ :DLW]PDQ㸧ࠋ ࡋࡋ㸪ሗ㓘㔞ࡢ⤯ᑐ್㸦⥲ሗ㓘㔞㸧ࡀከ࠸ឤࡌࡽࢀࡿ ࡁᑡ࡞࠸ឤࡌࡽࢀࡿࡁ࡛ࡣሗ㓘ࡢᑠࢆ⪃៖ࡋ࡚ ศ㓄ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣሗ㓘ศ㓄ࢆ⾜࠺ሙ ྜ㸪⥲సᴗ㔞ࡸ⥲ሗ㓘㔞ࡢࡁࡉࢆタᐃࡋ࡚ ṓඣࡀ⥲ሗ㓘 㔞ࢆ⪃៖ࡋ࡚ศ㓄ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠺ࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࡇࢆ┠ⓗ ࡋࡓࠋ ᪉ ἲ ཧຍ⪅ 0 ᗂ⛶ᅬࡢᖺ㛗ඣ ྡࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪ணഛᐇ㦂ࢆ⾜ࡗ ࡓ ྡᩍ♧ࡢഛ➼ࡼࡾ᭱ᚋࡲ࡛㐙⾜࡛ࡁ࡞ࡗࡓ ྡ ࢆ㝖ࡃ㸪 ྡ㸦⏨ඣ ྡ㸪ዪඣ ྡ㸧㸪ᖹᆒᖺ㱋 ṓ㸦VG s ṓ㸧ࢆศᯒᑐ㇟ࡋ㸪 ᭶ࡽ ᭶ࡅ࡚㸪࣮࢝ࢸࣥ ࡀᘬࢀࡓᅬෆࡢ୍ᐊ࡛ಶูᐇࡋࡓࠋ ᐇ㦂ㄢ㢟ᡭ⥆ࡁ ሗ㓘ศ㓄ㄢ㢟 ྡࡢⓏሙே≀ࡀྛࠎసᴗࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ㔞㸦స ᴗ㔞㸹సᴗ㔞ẚ ᑐ 㸧ࡀᥥࢀࡓ⣬Ⱚᒃᙧᘧࡢ≀ㄒࢆ࿊♧ ࡋ㸪ཧຍ⪅ࡀ୍␒Ⰻ࠸ᛮ࠺ࡼ࠺ሗ㓘ࢆⓏሙே≀࠶ࡆࡿ ࡼ࠺ồࡵࡓࠋࡇࡢ㸪 ྡࡢⓏሙே≀ࡢྜィసᴗ㔞㸦⥲సᴗ 㔞㸧ࡀ㸪 ಶ ಶࡢ ࡘࡢ≀ㄒࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪࿊♧㡰ᗎࡢ࢝࢘ ࣥࢱ࣮ࣂࣛࣥࢫࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡓࠋࡲࡓ ᯛࡢ⣬Ⱚᒃࡘࡁ㸪ཧຍ ⪅ࡀⓏሙே≀ศ㓄ࡍࡿ๓ࡢ⥲ሗ㓘㔞ࡣ㸪࡚ ᑐ ࡢẚࡢ ࡕࡽ࡛ࡶศ㓄࡛ࡁ㸪⥲సᴗ㔞➼ࡋ࠸ሙྜ㸦➼᮲௳㸹どぬ ⓗ୍ᑐ୍ᑐᛂྍ⬟㸧ࢆᇶ‽ࡋ࡚㸦୍␒ึࡵ࿊♧㸧㸪ࡑࢀࡼ ࡾࡶᑡ࡞࠸ሙྜ㸦ᑡ᮲௳㸧㸪ከ࠸ሙྜ㸦ከ᮲௳㸧ࡢ ᮲௳ࢆᐇ ࡋࡓࠋ ಶ≀ㄒ࡛ࡣ ಶ㸪 ಶ㸪 ಶ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪 ಶ≀ㄒ ࡛ࡣ ಶ㸪 ಶ㸪 ಶ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢ⥲ሗ㓘㔞ࡢᑠ㸪ከ᮲௳ ࡢᐇ㡰ࡶ࢝࢘ࣥࢱ࣮ࣂࣛࣥࢫࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪 ྡࡢⓏሙ ே≀ࡢᕥྑࡢ⨨㛵ಀ㸪సᴗ㔞ࡢᑠ㛵ಀࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ࡚ࡢ ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏࢆᑾࡃࡋࡓ⣬Ⱚᒃࡀ⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡓࠋⓏሙே≀ࡣཧຍ ⪅ྠᛶ࡛ྠᖺ㱋ࡋࡓࠋ ẚㄢ㢟 ᑐ ㄢ㢟㸦⦎⩦ㄢ㢟㸧 ᑐ ㄢ㢟ࡢ ㄢ㢟 ࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪ㄢ㢟ࡣ࡚ ᑐ ࡢẚタᐃࡉࢀࡓࠋ ࡘࡢࢫࣉ࣮ ࣥ㸦୍᪉ࡣ ಶ㸪ࡶ࠺୍᪉ࡣ ಶධࢀࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸧ࢆ⏝ ࠸࡚㸪⟽ࡢ୰ྠ࠾ࡣࡌࡁࢆධࢀࡓᚋ㸦 ᑐ ㄢ㢟࡛ࡣ ᅇ㸪 ᑐ ㄢ㢟࡛ࡣ ᅇ㸧 㸪ྛࢫࣉ࣮ࣥࢆࡗ࡚ධࢀࡓ࠾ࡣࡌ ࡁࡢᩘࢆᑜࡡࡓࠋ᭱ᚋࢳࢵࣉ ᯛࢆつ๎࿊♧ࡋ࡚ᩘ࠼ ࡿィᩘㄢ㢟ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ ⤖ ᯝ ࡘࡢศ㓄ࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࡀぢฟࡉࢀࡓ㸦Figure 1㸧ࠋࡓࡔࡋ㸪⥲ సᴗ㔞 12 ಶ≀ㄒࡢ 12-4 ᮲௳ࡣ‽බᖹศ㓄ࢆ⾜࠺ࡇࡀྍ ⬟࡞ࡢ࡛㸪㐣බᖹศ㓄㸪ẚⓗබᖹศ㓄࠾ࡼࡧ‽බᖹศ㓄 ࢆබᖹศ㓄ࡲࡵ㸪 ࢝ࢸࢦ࣮࡛ࣜศᯒࡋࡓ㸦Figure 2㸧ࠋ ⥲ሗ㓘㔞ࡢ㐪࠸ࡼࡗ࡚ศ㓄ࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࡢศᕸࡀ␗࡞ࡿ ࠺ࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪ᒾཎ㸦㸧ᇶ࡙࠸࡚㸪㏆ఝⓗศᩓ ศᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪᮲௳ࡼࡗ࡚ศ㓄ࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࡢฟ⌧ ⋡ศᕸࡀ␗࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ㸦)㸦㸧 㸪S㸧ࠋ⥲ሗ㓘 㔞ᑡ᮲௳࡛ࡣ㸪ᖹ➼ศ㓄ࡀ ௨ୖ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ࡢ᮲௳࡛ࡣ ᖹ➼ศ㓄௨እࡢศ㓄ࡀ༙ᩘ㏆ࡃ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 㻝㻜㻜 ே ᩘ ྜ 㻝㻢㻙㻤᮲௳ 㻝㻢㻙㻝㻢᮲௳ 㻝㻢㻙㻞㻠᮲௳ 㻤㻜 㻢㻜 咁 㻠㻜 㻑 咂 㻞㻜 㻜 㐣බᖹศ㓄 ẚⓗබᖹศ㓄 ‽බᖹศ㓄 ᖹ➼ศ㓄 ㏫㌿ศ㓄 )LJXUH ⥲సᴗ㔞 ಶㄢ㢟 ⥲సᴗ㔞 12 ಶㄢ㢟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪᮲௳ࡼࡗ࡚ศ㓄ࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࡢ ฟ⌧⋡ศᕸࡀ␗࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ㸦F㸦㸧=㸪p<.㸧ࠋࡲ ࡓ 3 ࡘࡢศ㓄ࣃࢱ࣮ࣥศ㢮ࡋࡓ⥲సᴗ㔞 16 ಶㄢ㢟࡛ࡶୖグ ྠᵝࡢ⤖ᯝ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸦F㸦㸧=17.769㸪p<.㸧ࠋ 㻝㻞㻙㻠᮲௳ 㻝㻞㻙㻝㻞᮲௳ 㻝㻞㻙㻞㻜᮲௳ 㻝㻜㻜 㻤㻜 ே ᩘ 㻢㻜 ྜ 咁 㻠㻜 䠂 咂 㻞㻜 㻜 බᖹศ㓄 ᖹ➼ศ㓄 ㏫㌿ศ㓄 )LJXUH ⥲సᴗ㔞 ಶㄢ㢟 ⥲ྜⓗ⪃ᐹ ⥲ሗ㓘㔞ࡀᑡ࡞࠸ሙྜࡣᖹ➼ศ㓄ࢆ㸪ከ࠸ሙྜࡣᖹ➼ ศ㓄௨እࡢศ㓄ࡀ༙ศ㏆ࡃ⾜ࢃࢀࡿࡇࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋ⥲ሗ㓘 㔞ࡀᑡ࡞࠸ሙྜࡣసᴗ㔞ࡀᑡ࡞࠸Ⓩሙே≀ᑐࡋ࡚͆ᑡ࡞ ࡍࡂ࡚ྍယ͇࠸࠺Ẽᣢࡕࡽᖹ➼ศ㓄ࢆ㸪⥲ሗ㓘㔞ࡀከ ࠸ሙྜࡣసᴗ㔞ࡀᑡ࡞࠸Ⓩሙே≀ࡢሗ㓘㔞ࡀసᴗ㔞ࡢⓏ ሙே≀ẚ࡚ᑡ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡶ͆ࡇࢀࡔࡅ࡛ࡶ࠸ࡗࡥ࠸࠶ࡿࡽ ༑ศ͇࠸࠺Ẽᣢࡕࡽᖹ➼ศ㓄௨እࡢศ㓄ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡓࡢࡔ ࢁ࠺ࠋ ṓඣࡣ⥲ሗ㓘㔞ࡢࡁࡉࢆ⪃៖ࡋ࡚ศ㓄ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ̿ 1134 ̿
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