Kobe University Repository : Kernel Title Experimental Staphylococcus hyicus Infection in Piglets Author(s) Shimizu, Akira / Kawano, Junichi Citation 神戸大学農学部研究報告, 18(2): 207-212 Issue date 1989-01 Resource Type Departmental Bulletin Paper / 紀要論文 Resource Version publisher URL http://www.lib.kobe-u.ac.jp/handle_kernel/00200508 Create Date: 2015-01-31 神大農研報 C S c i .H e pt .F a c .A g r .K o b cU n i v . )1 8・2 0 7 2 1 2 .1 開9 EXPERIMENTAL STAPHYLOCOCCUSHYICUS INFECTION IN PIGLETS Akira SHIMIZU~ Kosuke OKADAヤ Shige KIMURA~ Junichi KAWANO~ Haruka TERANISHI~ and Kazumi SUGIHAHA川 本 C H e c e i v e df o rp u bi 1c a t i o no nA u g u s t1 0,1 9 8 8 ) A b s t r a c t fStα : ph y l o c o c c u sh y i c u si s o l a t e d Twos t r a i n s Cphage t y p e s89/839/8188 and 89/8188) o fromp i g sw i t he x u d a t i v ee p i d e r m i t i s (EE) were u s e di nt h i se x p e r i m e n ti no r d e rt os t u d y t h ep a t h o g e n e s i so fEE i np i g s . Thed i s e a s e was r e p r o d u c e di nt h ep i g l e t so f3 0 days o l d tu r e so ft h e 2s t r a i n s were i n o c u l a t e ds u b c u t a n e o u s l yo r by s c a r i f i c a t i o n . A l l whent h ec u1 f o ft h e 3p i g sshowed mild e x u d a t i v eg r o s sl e s i o n so f EE. H i s t o l o g i c a l l y,accumulation o c e l l u l a rd e b r i si n c l u d i n gc o c c o i d organisms was o b s e r v e d on t h ee p i d e r m a ls u r f a c e . The .h y i c u si s f a c tt h a t an i n f e c t i o n was e x p e r i m e n t a l l yi n d u c e d by i n o c u l a t i o np r o v e st h a tS . r e s p o n s i b l ef o rp a t h o g e n e s i so fswineEE I ntroduction Exudative e p i d e r m i t i s (EE) i sas k i nd i s e a s et h a ta f f e c t smainly s u c k l i n gp i g so f one s commonly month and downward, and i r e fe r r e dt oa sg r e a s yp i gd i s e a s e . The d i s e a s e 'I ¥ " O L Ai n i ss a i dt ob ei n t r o d u c e df i r s t by 8I nG e r 1842 a st h e name o f “Hautauschlag" i fter t h a t,i t so c c u r r e n c ehas b e e n many6,7). A r e p o r t e d i n e a c h o f European c o u n t r i e s, A u s t r a l i aand t h eUnited 8 t a t e s . I nJapan1 ! ), e v e rs i n c et h eo c c u r r e n c ei nN i i g a t aP r e f e c t u r e ob et h ef i r s t . numeri n1 9 6 6,whichseemed t 6 )haved e a l twitht h i sd i s o u si n v e s t i g a t o r s l 5,1 1 2 s e a s ei nt h e i rr e p o r t s . We )a l s oe n c o u n t e r e d an outbreak o f EE i na l i t t e ro f 7 newborn p i g so f 2 -3 days o l di n a farm i n Hyogo s o l a t e dStα p h y l o c o c c u sh y i c u s P r e f e c t u r e,andi i np u r ec u l t u r e from t h es k i nl e s i o n so ft h e h e a f f e c t e d p i g s, and furthermore, from t i v e r, parenchymatous organs s u c ha sh e a r t,l k i d n e y sand s p l e e no ft h ep i gd i e d . 3 ,6 ,札 1 4 )i n Europe have 80mei n v e s t i g a t o r sl - *Laboratoryo fA n i m a lf l y g i c n c * *F a c u l t yo fA ε r i c u l t u r c,l w a t aマ しn i v e r s i t y * * *Laboratory( ) fA n i m a lM a n a g e m c nt . attemptede x p e r i m e n t a li n f e c t i o no fS .h y i c u s i np i g l e t s . I n 1953,80MPOLINSKyI3) i s o l a t e d ag r a m p o s i t i v ec o c c u s from t h ep i g s with e s u c c e e d e d i n r e p r o d u c i n g t h e EE, and h d i s e a s e by i n o c u l a t i n gc u l t u r es u s p e n s i o no f t h i s organism i n t o t h e a p p a r e n t l y h e a l t h y p i g s . He named t h i sg r a m p o s i t i v ec o c c u s Micrococcus h y i c u s . Later i n 1978,t h eo r : p h y ganism was c l a s s i f i e da st h e genus Stα l o c o c c u s, and was d e s i g n a t e d Stα : p h y l o c o c c u s tαl . 4 ) h y i c u sby DEVHIESEe T h i s paper d e s c r i b e s an e x p e r i m e n t a l l y i n d u c e di n f e c t i o ni np i g l e t s by u s i n gs t r a i n s y i c u si s o l a t e d from p i g s with EE. o fS .h Materials and Methods S .h y i c u ss t r a i n sand c u l t i v a t i o n y i c u s (phage t y p e so f Two s t r a i n so fS .h 89/839/8188and 89/8188) i s o l a t e d from p i g s I 2 with EE )were u s e di nt h i se x p e r i m e n t . The s t r a i n shad b e e np r e s e r v e di nt r y p t o・soyagar )s t a bc u l t u r e sa tambient temperature ( N i s s ui u n t i lt h e y were u s e d . I no r d e rt op r e p a r e h es t o c kc u l t u r e so fS .h y i c u s t h e inoculum,t were t r a n s p l a n t e dt o 5% s h e e p blood agar o r1 8hours,and t h e n and i n c u b a t e da t3 7C f t h e y were c u l t i v a t e di nb r a i nh e a r ti n f u s i o n 0 2 0 8 A .SHIMIZU,K.OKADA,, 1 .KAWANO ,H .TERANISHI,S .KIMURAand K .SUGIHARA Table 1 . Experimentald e s i g n Inoculum I n o c u l a t e dp ig -s Age 8 t r a i nNo. Route本 Dose* * 8ex Weight 3 0 f e m a l e 5 . 0kg NO.9 ( 8 9 / 8 3 9 / 8 1 8 8 ) 8C 8CN 1ml 1ml 2 3 0 male 4. 4kg No. 3 8 ( 8 9 / 8 1 8 8 ) 8C 8CN 1ml 1ml 3 3 0 f e m a l e 5 . 0kg 8 NO.9+No.3 8C 8CN 1ml 1ml No. (Days) (Phage t y p e ) *8C=8ubcutaneous, 8CN=Scarification. 川 Inoculum:1 8 h o u rBHIb r o t hc u l t u r e . o c ) broth (Nissui ) with shaking a t 37 (BHI f o r1 8h o u r s . Experimental p i g s Three Landrace p i g l e t so f 30 days o l d wei g h i n gabout5 kg were s e l e c t e d from a l i t t e r and u s e df o rt h i se x p e r i m e n t . P r i o rt ot h e experiment, n a s a l and s k i n swab samples were obtained from e a c hp i g l e tt ob a c t e r i o l o g i c a l l ya s c e r t a i nt h a tt h ep i g s were not i n f e c t e d withS .h y i c u s . Experimental i n f e c t i o n Experimental p r o c e d u r ei s summarized i n Table 1 . A volume o f 1 ml o ft h e 18-hour BHI broth c u l t u r e was subcutaneously i n o c u h i l e l a t e di n t ot h er i g h te a ro fe a c hp i g l e t,w t h esame amount was i n o c u l a t e dbys c a r i f i c a t i o ni n t ot h el e f te a ro f each p i g l e t . Pig No.1 was g i v e nas t r a i no f phage t y p e 89/ 839/8188o n l y,and p i g No.2 was g i v e n 89/ 8188 o n l y . Pig No.3 was g i v e n a mixture o fe q u a lmeasureso f phage t y p e s89/839/8188 and 89/8188. A l lt h ep i g l e t s were examined f o rc l i n i c a ls i g n sd a i l yf o r 7p o s t i n o c u l a t i o n d a y s . Recovery o f orgamisms Recoveryo forganismswasconductedfrom t h en a s a lc a v i t y and s k i ns u r f a c eo f body o f e a c hp i g l e tu s i n gcotton swab on p o s t i n o c u l a t i o n day 2 . The c o t t o n sawb samples taken frome a c hp i g l e t was d i r e c t l yt r a n s p l a n t e dt o )andc .h y i c u ss e l e c t i v e agar mediuma u l t h eS 7C f o r 48 h o u r s . I d e n t i f i c a t i o no f t u r e da t3 t h er e c o v e r e d organisms was done c o n forming t ot h ec r i t e r i ad e s c r i b e dbyDBVHIESBe tα1 .1) A l lt h ep i g l e t s were exsanguinated f o r auto psy on t h ep o s t i n o c u l a t i o n day 7 . Recovery o ft h e inoculum organisms was attempted e v e n from t h ei n t e r n a l organs ( h e a r t,l i v e r, l u n g s, s p l e e n, and kidneys) and s u p e r f i c i a l lymph nodes o fe a c hp i g l e t . Hi s t o p a t h o l o g i c a l examination H i s t o p a t h o l o g i c a l examination o ft h es k i n l e s i o n so fe a c hp i g l e t was conducted on t h e p o s t i n o c u l at i o n day 7 . P i e c e so fs k i nt i s s u e weref i x e di n 10% n e u t r a l formalin s o l u t i o n, and t h e n embedded i np a r a f f i n .8 e c t i o n s were s t a i n e d with hematoxylin and e o s i n (HE). 0 白 Results C Ii n i c a lf i n d i n g s y i c u s A l lt h ep i g l e t si n o c u l a t e d with S .h s t r a i n s hadmildc l i n i c a ls i g n so fEE . Exudat i o n,hyperemia,and s w e l l i n g were observed i nt h ei n o c u l a t e ds i t e so ft h es k i ni ne a c h p i g l e t 1-2daysa f t e ri n o c u l a t i o n . Thes u p e r f i c i a ll a y e ro ft h es k i n was s of r a i la st ob e p e e l e d even by rubbing with c o t t o n swab. h e Three t o f o u r days a f t e r i n o c u l a t i o n, t 幽 2 0 9 ExperimentalS .h y i c u sI n f e c t i o ni nP i g l e t s y i c u sfroms k i n so fi n f e c t e dp i g s Table2 . Recoveryo fS .h o l o n i e sr e c o v e r e d* No .o fS . hyicusc Pig No. E y e l i d Naris Ear Abdomen L e f t 2 +++ +++ 3 +十+ Thigh + + Dorsum 十 + *No. ofS .h y i c u sc o l o n i e s / o n ep l a t e,一:nor e c o v e r y,十:l e s sthan5 0c o l o n i e s, ++: 5 0- 1 0 0c o l o n i e s,++十:moret h a n1 0 0c o l o n i e s . Table3 . Recoveryo fS .h y i c u sfromi n t e r n a lorgansand lymphnodeso fi n f e c t e dp i g s No. o fS . hyicusc o l o n i e sr e c o v e r e d* Pig No. Lymphnode Organ Heart Lung L i v e r Submaxi- P t i d S p l e e n Kidney ~~ií~;;". 2 3 *For 十 C e r v i - R e t r o - Poplト c a l pharynx t e a l +++ ++ 十+十 十++ + + + + t o +十+s e eremarkso fTable2 . l e s i o n s were found t a k i n ga t u r nf o rr e s t o r a h i n firm t i o n and d r y i n gu p . Furthermore,t s c a b s were observed c o v e r i n gt h ei n o c u l a t e d s i t e s5-6 days a f t e ri n o c u l a t i o n . Autopsy N0 g r o s sl e s i o n s were r e c o g n i z e di n t h e i n t e r n a l organs i ne i t h e ro ft h ei n o c u l a t e dp i g l e t s . Recovery o f organisms I n each o ft h e 3p i g l e t s, t h e inoculum organisms were r e c o v e r e di nl a r g e numbers from t h es k i no ft h el e f te a r,but not from t h es k i no ft h er i g h te a r (Table 2 ) . The i n oculum organisms were a l s or e c o v e r e d from t h e hypogastric s k i no fp i g s No.1and No.2 i n small numbers. Table 3 i n d i c a t e st h er e s u l t so fr e c o v e r yo ft h e inoculum organisms from t h e i n t e r n a l organs and s u p e r f i c i a l lymph n o d e s . The inoculum organisms were not r e c o v e r e d from t h ei n t e r n a l organs s u c h 倫 刷 a sh e a r t,l u n g s,s p l e e n,k i d n e y s,and l i v e ri n h i l ec o n e i t h e ro ft h ei n o c u l a t e dp i g l e t s, w s i d e r a b l e numbers o f them were i s o l a t e d from t h e p a r o t i d lymph nodes i n a l l t h e p i g l e t s . Hi s t o p a t h o l o g y Locationsands e v e r i t y of h i s t o p a t h o l o g i c a l 1t h ep i g sa r e summarized s k i nl e s i o n si n al i n Table4 . 8 i t eo fi n o c u l a t i o n : There was no remarka b l ed i f f e r e n c ei ns e v e r i t y of t h es k i nl e s i o n s o ft h ee a r between t h ep i g si n o c u l a t e d with phaget y p e s 89/S39/8188and t h o s ei n o c u l a t e d with 8 9 / 8 1 8 8 . 8 i m i l a rh i s t o p a t h o l o g i c a lf i n d i n g s were obtained from t h el e s i o n si nt h e r i g h t and l e f te a rs k i n, and t h ee a rl e s i o n s were c h a r a c t e r i z e d by t h e following f i n d i n g s . 1u l a r d e b r i s i n c l u d i n g Accumulation o f c el c o c c o i d organisms was observed on t h e ,2 ) . p a r a k e r a t o t i c epidermal s u r f a c e '( F i g s .1 2 1 0 A .SHIMIZU,K.OKADA,J .KAWANO ,H .T E R A N I S I I J,S .KJMUHAand K .S L 'G I I I AHA Table4 . H i s t o l o g i c a ls e v e r i t yo fe x u d a t i v ee p i d e r m i t i si np i g si n o c u l a t e d w i t hS .h y i c u s* Pig 8 t r a i nNo. No. (Phaget y p e ) No.9 (89/839/8188) 2 3 NO.38 ( 8 9 / 8 1 8 8 ) NO.9+No.3 8 Ear Abdomen E y e l i d L e f t本* Right**ホ 十十 +十十***ホ 十十+ 十++**** ND +++ +十十**** + Dorsum Fore p a r t Middle p a r t Rear p a r t + 十 十十 * 十 十 +:s e v e r echanges,十十:moderate, 十 :mild, - :noremarkable,ND:n o td o n e . * *Inoculatedbys c a r i f i c a t i o n . * * *8ubcutaneousinoculation * * * *Accompaniedwithabscessformationa ts i t eo fi n o c u l a t i o n . There was a c a n t h o s i so ft h ee p i d e r m i s . The dermis was i n f i l t r a t e d by h i s t i o c y t e, lympho c y t e,ande o s i n o p h i lwitha b s c e s s e sformation a tt h es i t eo fi n o c u l a t i o n( F i g . 3 ) . Others k i n :P a s t u l a rl e s i o n s were o b s e r v e d ont h eepidermal s u r fa c eo ft h es k i no f lower abdomen C F i g . 4 ) . Discussion EE i se x p e r i m e n t a l l yr e p r o d u c i b l ebyi n o c u l a t i n gp i g l e t swithS .h y i c u s1.a ,6, 8,14). I nt h i s .h y i c u si s o l a t e d from study,two s t r a i n so fS p i g s with EE were u s e da si n o c u l ai no r d e r t or e p r o d u c et h ed i s e a s e . The p i g si n o c u l a t e d withe a c ho ft h es t r a i n sd e v e l o p e d both g r o s s and h i s t o l o g i c a l l e s i o n s i n t h e i n o c u l a t e d s it e s . These g r o s s and h i s t o l o g i c a ll e s i o n s o b s e r v e di nt h i s study were s i m i l a rt ot h o s e 6 9 r e p o r t e dbyJONES ),L ) 'ECCYERandJERICH( 1 0 and MEBUSe ta l .) Concerning t h ep a t h o g e n i c i t yo f swine S . h y i c u ss t r a i n s f o r p i g s, HU~TER e t α. l5) s t a t e di nt h e i rr e p o r tt h a tt h es t r a i n si s o l a t e d from p i g s with EE showed p a t h o g e n i c i t y when i t was i n o c u l a t e di n t op i g l e t s,but t h e s t r a i n si s o l a t e d from a p p a r e n t l yh e a l t h yp i g s 3 d i dn o t . On t h e o t h e r hand, DIWH . IE S E) s t a t e dt h a tt h e r e was no remarkable d i f f e r e n c ei np a t h o g e n i c i t yf o rp i g s between t h e inoculum s t r a i n so fS .h y i c u si s o l a t e d from p i g s with EE and t h o s ei s o l a t e d from p i g s without EE. I ti sw e l l known t h a t EE f r e q u e n t l ya t t a c k ss u c k l i n gp i g sbetween 1and 20 days o f o e x p e r i a g e . T h e r e f o r e, we attempted t mentallyi n d u c eani n f e c t i o nu s i n gtwop i g l e t s o f2days o f age i n our p r e v i o u s study CData a r e n o t shown). Although t h e inoculum s t r a i n su s e d were d i f f e r e n t from t h o s ei nt h e p r e s e n t study,none o ft h ep i g l e t sg i v e nt h e s t r a i n sshowed c l i n i c a ls i g n so fEE. t was estimated t h a t From t h e s er e s u l t s,i t h e r ea r es e v e r a lf a c t o r si n v o l v e di ni n f e c t i o n o f EE s u c ha sv i r u l e n c eo fs t r a i n s, and s u s c e p t i b i l i t yo fp i g s . At a l le v e n t s, i ti s c e r t a i n thatS .h y i c u s has pat h o g e n i ce f fe c t onp l g S . References 1 ) A¥ 1T SBEHG,G . :D t s c h .T i e r αe r z t. l Wo c h e n s c h l ・ . , 8 5, 433-438, 1 9 7 8 . 1T SBEHG,G . andS . HAlEM: B e T ・ . lT i e r 2 ) A¥ ・ . , 9 1, 2 9 9 3 0 1, 1 9 7 8 . a e r z t l . WochenschT 、T H I E S E, L .A . : Am. J .V e t .R e s ., 38, 3 ) D氏 7 8 7 7 9 2,1 9 7 7 . 4 ) DI 刊 H I E S E, L .A ., V . HA, J E K, P . OE J) I~G , 8.A.M日YEHandK.H .S C H L E I F E l t :I n t .. 1 . S y s t . Bαc t e r i ol . , 2 8, 482-490, 1 9 7 8 . E x p e r i m e n t a lS .h y i c u sI n f e c t i o ni nP i g l e t s 5 ) HUNTEH,D .,J .N.TODD and 恥1 .LAHKIN: B r .V e t .J .,126,225-229,1970. 6 ) JONES,L .D . : Am. J .V e t .R e s .,17,179 193,1 9 5 6 . .D . :V e t . Med.,56,95-1ω ,1 0 0 1 . 7 ) JOKES,L 8 )L 'ECUYEH,C . :C αn .J . Comp. Med. V e t . S c i .,30,9-16,1 9 6 6 . 9 )L 'ECUYEH,C . and K.JEHICHO: C αn .J . 9 6 6 . Comp. Med. V e t .S c i .,30,9.φ101,1 1 0 ) MEBじS,C .A.,N.R.UNDEHDAHL and M. J .TWIEHAUS: pαt h o l .V e t .,5, 146-163, 1 9 6 8 . 1 1 ) ODA,S .,N.TAMAKI,K.CHlBA,E .SASAKI and H.TANAKA: J .V e t . Med.,No. 426, 739-743,1966 C in Japanese). 1 2 ) Sl II : v 1I Z C, A., K.OKAD九 J .KAWAKO, H. 冊 , 2 1 1 TEHANISHI,S .KIMUHA,T .YABIKI and 1 . NANJYO: S c i .R e p t ., Fαc .A g r .KobeU n i v ., 17,259267,1987 C in Japanese with Eng l i s h summary). . :S c h w e i z .A r c h . T i e r 1 3 ) SOMPOLINSKY, D 9 5 3 . h e i l k d .,95,302-309,1 1 4 ) UNDEHDAHL,N.R .,O.D.GHACE and G. 個 閑 A.YOUNG: J . Am. V e t . Med.A s s o c .,1 4 2, 754-762,1 9 6 3 . ., J .KATO, T .NOZAKI, T . 1 5 ) WATANABE, T KAGEUHA and Y.MANABE: J .J p n .V e t . in JapaMed. A s s o c .,29,217 220,1976 C n e s e with English summary). 凶 1 6 ) YAGじCHI,N., S.INo, K.UDAGAWA, S . . V e t . SUGAWARA and Y.KOBAYASHI: J 錦 3C inJapanese). Med.,NO.742,263-267,1 Explanation o ff i g u r e s F i g .1 . Inoculateds i t e 7days a f t e rs c a r i f i c a t i o nC le f t ear s k i no f No.1 ) . Accumulation o f p a r a k e r a t o t i cc e l l u l a rd e b r i si n c l u d i n gc o c c o i d organisms i ss e e n on t h e epidermal s u r f a c ewitha c a n t h o s i so ft h ee p i d e r m i s . I n f i l t r a t i o no fh i s t o c y t i cc e l l,lymphocyte 0 . ande o s i n o p h i li ss e e ni nt h ed e r m i s . HEs t a i n,X 6 F i g .2 . I n o c u l a t e ds i t e 7 days a f t e r subcutaneous i n o c u l a t i o n C r i g h t ear s k i no f No. 2 ) . Accumulation o f degenerated n e u t r o p h i l s and c e l l u l a rd e b r i s i n c l u d i n g c o c c o i d organismsont h eepidermals u r f a c e,a c a n t h o s i so ft h eepidermis,andi n f i1 tr a t i o no f 0 . inframatoryc e l li nt h edermisa r eo b s e r v e d . HEs t a i n,X 6 F i g .3 . I n o c u l a t e ds i t e 7 days a f t e r subcutaneous i n o c u l a t i o nC r i g h t ear s k i no f No. 3 ) . Abscess i s formed i ni n o c u l a t e ds i t eo ft h ed e r m i s . There a r en e c r o t i c areas with colony o f organisms i nt h ec e n t e r . The l e s i o ni s surround by i n f i l t r a t i o no f n e u t r o p h i landgranulart i s s u e . HEs t a i n,X 3 0 . F i g .4 . Abdominal s k i n 7 days p o s t i n o c u l a t i o n (No. 2 ) . P u s t u l e sa r e observed on t h e epidermals u r f a c eo ft h elowerabdominals k i n . HEs t a i n,X 6 0 . Stα phylococcus hyicusのブタへの感染実験 清水 晃・岡田幸助・河野潤一・寺西 木村 永 重・杉原一二 要 約 S t αp h y l o c o c c u s! りn c u sの ブ タ に 対 す る 病 原 性 に つ い て 検 討 し た 。 ブ タ 穆 出 性 表 皮 炎 か ら 分 離 さ れ た S .h y i c u s菌株(ファージ型 89/839/8188 と 89/8188の 2株)の培養菌液を、 3 0日齢のプタ 3頭 に 皮 下 接 種あるいは皮膚擦過接種して感染実験を行ったところ、 3頭いずれも接種部位に自然発生例と同様の接出性皮 膚病変が形成された口しかし、その皮膚病変像は自然発生例のそれに比べると軽度であった口病理組織学には、 皮膚の表皮表層に球菌塊を伴う細胞崩壊物の堆積が認められた。以上のことより、 皮炎との関連が示唆された口 S .! りn c u sとブタの海出性 2 1 2 A.SHIMIZU,K.OKADA,J .KAWANO,H.TEHANISHI,S .KIMUHA and K.SUGIHAHA ぬ)ザ帯構 ..へ ""r~ 穐込J γ事 態 : w で tf-
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