Thermoforming Material - Soccer Fitness

Fabrication Technique forCustom Faceguard with
Thermoforming Material
Toshiaki Ueno, DDS, PhD i and Hiroshi Churei, DDS, PhD 2
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Key words: face guard, maxillofacial injury, mandibular fracture, thermoforming material,
facial moulage
nasal bone, zygomatic arch, frontal bone and man-
Faceguards are well-known protective gear that
dibular fractures. However, there are few reports that
shield against the maxillofacial traumatic injuries dur-
illustrate the step-by-step technical points of custom
ing exercise and sporting actMties. Recently, custom
faceguard fabrication. This article comprehensibly
faceguards have been introduced as protective
illustrated the technique of custom faceguard fabrica-
equipment for those who return early to play after
tion with thermoforming and soft cushioning materials
surgical treatments for maxillofacial injuries such as
on a facial cast.
罫占
Abstract:
Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan.
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tistry, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan.
2Assistant Professor, Department of Sports Medicine / Dentistry,
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lntroduction
(40mL) of the recommended power-to-water
The faceguard (FG) is well-known protective
ratio (8.4g: 20mL) by the manufacturer.
gear that shields against the maxillofacia[ trau-
P[ace the hydrocolloid material over the
matic injuries during exercise and sporting ac一一
surface of the face; before it sets, lay cotton
tivities. ln recent years, custom FGs have been
and/or gauze on top of the hydrocolloid to
introduced as protective equipment for those
facilitate binding to the backing material.
injured participants who return early to play
Then place the impression plaster over the
after surgical treatments for maxillofacial inju-
hydroco[loid and cotton.
ries such as nasal bone, zygomatic arch, frontal
2. Measure the girth of patientis head with a
bone and mandibuiar fractures.i’7 ln fact,
tape.
soccer and rugby football players who often
3. Pour the moulage with Type IV dental stone
sustain maxillofacial injuries use custom FGs to
(Fujirock’M, GC, Tokyo, Japan) to make the
protect their affected areas. The Laws of the
facial cast.
Game of Federation lnternationale de Football
4. Draw the outline of the FG on the cast.
Association (FIFA) have already been modified
Fig. 2 shows the outline of a FG which is
to permit the use of modern protective equip-
commonly used to protect nasal bone, zy-
ment such as headgear, facemasks, knee and
gomatic arch or frontal bone fractures. [t is
arm protectors made of soft, lightweight and
critical to leave the eyes uncovered to avoid
padded material, because such equipment is
narrowing the field of vision. To protect
not considered to be dangerous.8
from a mandibular fracture. the FG should
l
Even though the demand for custom FGs
cover the body of mandible completely, the
is expected to grow, there are few reports in
ramus and extend to the condylar head and
published literature that illustrate the detailed
the coronoid process bilaterally (Fig. 3).
technique for custom FG fabrication. This
5. To provide adequate space between the FG
article describes, step by step, the technique
and the injured area, cover the injured area
for custom FG fabrication with thermoforming
on the facial cast with a layer of plaster or
and rubber cushioning materials on a cast
silicone material for dental laboratory use
obtained from a facial moulage.
(Lab Si[icone’M, Shofu lnc., Kyoto, Japan)
approximately 5mm thick (Fig. 4). A sheet
of 3.2mm thick thermoplastic material
一口 ,
Fabrication technique
(Aquaplast’M splinting material, Sakai Medi-
1. Make a facial moulage with an irreversible
cal Co., Tokyo, Japan) is softened in a hot
hydrocolloid impression material (Aroma
water bath at 70-75 degrees Celsius for a
Fine DF lll’M, GC Co. Tokyo, Japan) and an
few minutes. Then the softened material is
impression plaster material (XanthanoTM,
applied and molded over on the cast with
Bayer Dental Co., Leverkussen, Germany)
light finger pressure (Fig. 5).
(Fig. 1-1-4). Place a straw in the patient’s
6. After the materia[ has cooled down, trim
mouth to maintain proper air ventilation
it to the desired outline drawn on the cast
during the impression procedure. To ensure
with a pair of arts and crafts scissors, then
adequate flow of the hydrocolloid, the vol-
finish and polish with fissure bars, tungsten
ume of water should be twice the amount
carbide bars and polishing diiscs.
068
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Fabrication Technique for Custom Faceguard with Thermoforming Material
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Fig. 1-1-4 Facial moulage with irre-
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Fig. 2 Outline of the FG in a case of
nasal bone fracture.
Fig. 3 Outline of the FG in a case of
mandibular fracture.
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Fig. 4 Mold the thermoplastic mate-
rial on the facial cast.
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局g.5 Cover the injured area on facial cast with a silicone material to provide
space between the FG and the injured area.
Fig. 6 Attach rubber cushioning materials on surfaces of thermoplastic material.
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Fig. 7 Sew the edges of cushioning
Fig. 8 Posttreatment, 18 year-old
male patient wears a custom FG to
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7.Use adhesive(Aronalpha丁M superglue、 Toago-
and to finish his/her FG. Furthermore, since
sei Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) to adhere 3.2mm-
the working temperature of the thermoplastic
and 1.6mm-thick rubber cushioning materials
material used in this fabrication technique is
(NeopreneTM rubber cushioning material,
relatively low, the expensive vacuum and/or
Sakai Medica[ Co., Tokyo, Japan) to the inner
pressure thermoforming machines are not
and outer surfaces of the trimmed thermo-
needed. This fabrication technique makes the
plastic material from Step 6, respectively. The
specialized equipment and facilities unneces-
cushioning materials need to be trimmed as
sary.
well (Fig. 6).
This custom FG design has a better shock
8. Sew the edges of the cushioning liner
absorbing quality. Namely, the combination
materials of FG with 5mm stitch width with
of the hard thermoplastic material and the
a needle and cotton yarn (Fig. 7).
soft cushioning material yields an outstanding
9. The FG is secured on the face of the patient
shock absorbing capability. According to pre-
using two stretch bands with the hook and
vious research, this type of FG was measured
loop fasteners (VelcroTM sew on tape, Velcro
to have 85-88 O/o of shock absorption when
USA lnc., NH, U.SA) (Fig. 8).
an impact load over 2,700 N was applied
on the FG by a free-faliing object.9 The
impact absorption of the FG made with hard
Discussion and Summary
thermoplastic material only was 28 to 30 O/o.
This technique described here offered
When adding the cushioning materia[ on the
several advantages compared to previous
outer surface of hard thermoplastic material,
reportsi・ 3’ 7 on the FG fabrication methods.
the impact absorption increased to 26 to 39 O/o,
First, the direct method to form the FG on
slightly better than without the cushioning ma-
the patientis face can result in a poorly-fitted
terial. lt seems that lining the inner surface of
FG even with any type high-performance FG
the FG with cushioning material is significantly
material because of soft tissue displaceability.
more effective in improving the shock absorp-
ln this respect, the indirect method of forming
tion capability. The Laws of the Game of the
the FG on the facial cast is considered to have
FIFA indicated that the outer surface of FGs
a better fit of the FG. The faciaj moulage can
must be padded with soft material to avoid
be made with precision impression materials
hurting other players. Thus, this custom FG
which allows the dentist to customize a FG
design described here not only protects the
more accurately for each patient. The indirect
injured player with inner lining of cushioning
technique is also more comfortable for the pa-
material but also contributes to improve the
tient because it eliminates the need for the pa-
overall safety for al[ players by covering the
tient to withstand the prolonged time to form
outer surface of FGs with the same material.
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Fabrication Technique for Custom Faceguard with Thermoforming Material
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References
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・
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6
Correspondence
Toshiaki Ueno, DDS, PhD
Address: 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
Phone & Fax: +81-3-5803-5867
Yoshida, K.: Fabrication of a facial guard after zygo-
り
E-mail: t.ueno.spmd@tmd.ac.jp
matic arch fracture, PO Academy J., 14: 150-151, 2006.
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