Report of a Collaborative Multi-crop and Crop Wild Relatives

〔植探報　Vol. 22 : 49 ～ 61，2006〕
Report of a Collaborative Multi-crop and Crop
Wild Relatives Collection Mission in Papua New Guinea:
Focus Genera Manihot , Metroxylon , Oryza and Vigna .
12th -28th June 2005
Duncan A. VAUGHAN1), Akito KAGA1), Rosa KAMBUOU2),
Janet PAOFA2 ) and Norihiko TOMOOKA1)
1) Crop Evolutionary Dynamics Team , National Institute of Agrobiological Science s,
Kannondai 2-1-2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
2) Dry Lowlands Programme , Laloki , National Agricultural Research Institute , P.O. Box
1828, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea
Summary
This second year of collaboration between the National Agricultural Research Institute,
Papua New Guinea and National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Japan focussed on the
northern provinces of East Sepik and Madang. In accordance with the workplan wild Oryza ,
legumes (Vigna ) and sago (Metroxylon spp.) were the main focus of the collecting. In the East
Sepik Oryza ridleyi was found and collected at 4 locations. This is the first report of this species
from East Sepik. It appears to be common along the banks of the Sepik River and tributaries. O.
rufipogon was also collected in the Blackwater area along a tributary of the Sepik. Surprisingly
it was not found in the Chambri Lakes. In Madang Province O. ridleyi was collected in the lower
Ramu and O. schlechteri in two locations along the Jamu River a tributary of the Minjeng River.
There have been no previous reports of Vigna from East Sepik Province hence all the
collections from there are new records. V. reflexo-pilosa was found along the road side in the
forested hills between Wewak and Maprik. On the native grass Sepik plains between Maprik and
Pagwi an unidentified Vigna species, of the Vigna minima complex, was found in two locations.
Along the Sepik River and abundantly in the Chambri Lakes V. radiata var. sublobata was found.
The taxonomic status of these Vigna species will be clarified based on observations of growing
them with closely related germplasm. In Madang Province V. reflexo-pilosa and V. radiata var.
sublobata were collected in several locations.
In several villages in East Sepik and Madang provinces local residents supplied suckers
of Sago and these materials will form the basis of the NARI Sago collection. A few samples of
cassava were also collected for the cassava collection maintained by NARI at Laloki.
- 49 -
Introduction
Based on a Memorandum of Understanding between the National Agricultural Research
Institute (NARI), Papua New Guinea and National Institute for Agrobiological Sciences (NIAS),
Japan, signed in 2003 a three-year workplan was prepared and this report represents the
activities of the second year of the workplan in Papua New Guinea. The report of the first year
of the workplan in Papua New Guinea has been published (Tomooka et al., 2005). The focus
area of collecting this year was the northern provinces of East Sepik and Madang (Fig.1). Prior
to the visit permission for the mission was obtained from the Papua New Guinea Office of the
Secretary Conservation Division.
The collecting trip in this year had a multi-crop/wild relatives focus because the target area
was quite difficult to get to and in the locations visited there were genetic resources of interest
to the various members of the team and included in the workplan. Hence collections of cassava,
sago (Metroxylon spp.), Oryza and Vigna were made. The trip experiences gave insights into
future approaches to collecting in Papua New Guinea and to in situ conservation.
Methods
Where available seeds were collected otherwise plant samples were collected. Herbarium
specimens were collected for most Vigna and Oryza populations. For Oryza species single
plant DNA samples were taken by crushing leaves onto FTA Classic Card (Whatman) for
selected populations. For wild Oryza samples it was not known in advance if seeds would be
available therefore prior permission was sought from the Japanese quarantine service to import
vegetative samples.
Full passport data was recorded for each sample collected and this is summarized in Table
3a and b.
The itinerary of the trip is given below.
Table 1. Itinerary
Day
mm/dd/yy
Places visited
Overnight
1
6/12/2005
Tsukuba-Narita-Cairns (QF168)
Plane
2
6/13/2005
Cairns-Port Moresby (PX091)
Port Moresby
3
6/14/2005
4
6/15/2005
Madang - Wewak (PX126)
Wewak
5
6/16/2005
Wewak-Maprik-Pagwi
Pagwi
6
6/17/2005
Pagwi-Chambri Lakes-Pagwi
Pagwi
7
6/18/2005
Pagwi-Blackwater-Pagwi
Pagwi
8
6/19/2005
Pagwi-Wewak
Wewak
9
6/20/2005
Wewak-Madang-Brahmin valley-Madang (PX125)
Madang
10
6/21/2005
Madang-Bogia-Namnam (lower Ramu)
Namnam
11
6/22/2005
Namnam-Madang
Madang
12
6/23/2005
Madang-Asui
Forest
13
6/24/2005
Asui-Jamu River-Asui
Asui
14
6/25/2005
Asui-Minjeng River- Madang
Madang
15
6/26/2005
Madang-Port Moresby (PX111)
Port Moresby
16
6/27/2005
Port Moresby
Port Moresby
17
6/28/2005
Port Moresby-Cairns-Narita-Tsukuba (PX090, QF167)
Tsukuba
Port Moresby-Lae (visit NARI headquarters and
Forestry Institute Herbarium)-Madang (PX100, PX309)
- 50 -
Madang
Results
a. Oryza (Fig. 2)
This is the second visit to northern Papua New Guinea to collect wild Oryza . The first visit
occurred in 1990 (Vaughan, 1990). The objective this time was to explore different parts
of the Sepik River for wild Oryza . In addition, one objective was to recollect from previously
visited areas but for which germplasm is not available in Japan, particularly samples of Oryza
schlechteri a little know Oryza species.
The area of the Sepik River explored was from Pagwi to Blackwater and the Chambri Lakes.
The visit to the Chambri Lakes revealed that O. rufipogon does not grow there although local
people recognise two wild rices one in the forest (Oryza ridleyi ) and one at the lake side (O.
rufipogon ). However, O. rufipogon seems not to be in this lake now. This may be due to invasive
plant and fish species. Recently exotic fish have been introduced into the Sepik river system and
this has disturbed the ecological balance. Annual burning that is done when the lake recedes
in the dry season may also explain the absence of O. rufipogon . Another factor maybe water
quality. O. rufipogon grows in the Blackwater Lake area and was collected by the team (Photo
1). Blackwater Lake has water colour that suggests that it is peaty/organic water compared to
the Chambri Lakes and also the vegetation in the two lakes is different. Tall grasses such as
wild sugarcane are abundant in the Chambri Lakes while smaller floating millets are common
in Blackwater. The team were not able to find flowering or seeding material of O. rufipogon
but DNA and vegetative samples were taken. On a subsequent trip the lower Sepik should be
targeted for O. rufipogon .
In the area visited O. ridleyi was commonly found in primary forests close to the river or
lake edge. This species has not previously been reported from East Sepik Province but it seems
to be common. At each population fertile seeds were difficult to find but usually one or two
panicles did have several fertile seeds. Sterility seems to be high in this species. This species can
grow up trees if there are supporting branches. It also seems to find decaying wood a suitable
habitat to grow (Photo 2).
In Madang Province O. ridleyi was also found in the village of Namnam. This village had
been visited before in 1990. At that time seeds were very difficult to obtain and this was the
case this time. On this trip it was learned that the entire village (and O. ridleyi population) was
flooded in March to about 0.5-1m. Thus most of the population was at a young vegetative stage
when we visited and only 2 seeds were found in the large population covering about 1ha.
A major objective of this trip was to recollect O. schlechteri from the type locality. On
the previous visit the village leader in Asui told that there was a second population of this
species further into the mountains but it was too far to visit at that time (Vaughan 1991). On
this occasion the son of that village leader met with us and agreed to take us to the second
population that is larger than the presumed type locality. In order to achieve this it was
necessary to camp beside the river in the forest. The two localities of O. schlechteri are both
on the river Jamu. The first is small and below the Jamu Gorge (Photo 3) the second is larger
and above the Jamu Gorge (Photo 4). Both sites are characterised by the landslip gravely soil
on which they grow. The dry season along the Jamu and Minjeng rivers only lasts for 2 months
between May-July. This appears to be the main flowering time as abundant flowers and seeds
- 51 -
were found on this trip. The sites are partially shaded and the habitat very humid being right
on the riverbank. The sites are very vulnerable to landslides and we were told that part of the
larger, upper population had been buried under a landslide.
b. Vigna (Fig. 3)
There are relatively few reports of Vigna in northern Papua New Guinea compared to the south.
It was therefore surprising that Vigna spp. were found in most places visited. In East Sepik V.
radiata var. sublobata is very common along the Sepik River bank and in the Chambri Lakes.
At the village of Savanaut a small population was growing at the boat jetty in silt from the
Sepik River that is flowing past the site (Photo 5). In the Chambri Lakes as well as finding this
species in each village visited we also found it growing on a small (100 m across) island right
in the middle of the lake. Presumably birds or possibly water flow has been responsible for its
dispersal in the area.
V. radiata var. sublobata was found growing abundantly in more typical habitats for this
wild species along the Madang-Lae Road and in the Brahmin Valley, Madang Province. The
habitat was quite different from the populations found in the East Sepik. Along the MadangLae Road the roadside habitat was highly disturbed and dryer than the Sepik and soils are not
silt. The plants had different characteristics from the Sepik populations more robust leaves
and fewer seeds per pod. Based on our field observations the East Sepik and Madang Province
accessions may represent distinct ecological types.
V. reflexo-pilosa was found in a variety of habitats in both hilly locations and at sea level. In
East Sepik V. reflexo-pilosa was found growing in a disturbed roadside habitat in an area of wet
tropical primary forest. Along the Madang-Lae Road we crossed a mountain range from Madang
into the Brahmin Valley. V. reflexo-pilosa was only found in the hills on the wetter Brahmin
Valley side of the road but not on the Madang side. On the road to Bogia and beyond Bogia V.
reflexo-pilosa was growing at sea level and at one wet site (PNG22) within sight of the sea. V.
reflexo-pilosa at this site (PNG22) was in a very wet ditch beside the road and was climbing to
several meters height in a shrub (Photo 6).
The third Vigna species collected was found on the native grass plains north of the Sepik
River. Ecologically this is considered a part of the dry zones of Papua New Guinea. The species
was found growing up grasses along a drainage ditch (Photo 7) and close to a Sago Swamp
(Photo 8). Based on seed morphology this species appears to represent a member of the Vigna
minima complex. Extremely slender leaves are a characteristic of this species (Photo 7). A full
assessment of this taxonomic status of this germplasm will be necessary since it appears to have
characteristics new to species in section Angularis of the Asian Vigna .
c. Metroxylon spp. (Sago)
Collecting Sago has a different approach to that of collecting wild relatives because Sago
trees are owned and therefore the owner must be approached to obtain permission to take
suckers. Discussion with villagers is essential to learn the various agronomic characteristics of
the Sago. In total 16 Sago samples were collected were 12 cultivated and 4 wild. Among the
characteristics of the sagos were dwarf types and types with no thorns.
- 52 -
d. Manihot esculenta (Cassava)
Papua New Guinea is a secondary centre of diversity for many crops. Among them is cassava
that originally came from South America. During the collecting mission 3 samples of traditional
cassava and 4 weedy samples were collected as vegetative specimens.
e. Collecting plant genetic resources in Papua New Guinea.
This trip gave the team insights into how to better prepare for collecting trips in PNG.
1. Equipment. Mosquito nets are essential and in some places bee net protectors would be
helpful in particularly mosquito-infested areas. We did not find Japanese bought mosquito
repellent sprays particularly effective. Locally bought repellents are recommended. Binoculars
could help identify germplasm from boats.
2. In remote areas it is better to over estimate the need for food. However, usually if water is
insufficient coconuts can be bought from local villagers.
Table 2. Summary of samples collected
Species
Oryza rufipogon
O. ridleyi
O. schlechteri
Vigna radiata var. sublobata
cf. Vigna minima
V. reflexo-pilosa
V. marina
V. luteola
Legume species
Cassava (Manihot esculenta )
Sago (Metroxylon sp.)
Number of samples
2
5
2
10
2
7
1
1
1
7 (3 cultivated, 4 weedy)
16 (12 cultivated, 4 wild)
Acknowledgements
The team thanks the Papua New Guinea Department of the Environment and Conservation
for permission to undertake the trip. The hospitality and help from various people during
the trip is gratefully acknowledged, particularly Mr. Fred Hombuangje (Madang), Mr. Robin
Dee (Minjeng), Mr. Ismael Singut (Wewak) and Mr. Aro (Minjeng). We appreciate receiving
permission from Mr. Robert Kapranis to consult the herbarium at Lae. The help and support of
Dr. Raghunath Ghodake, Director General, and Dr. Sergie Bang, Director of Research, at NARI
Headquarters in Lae is much appreciated.
References
1）Tomooka, N., N. Kobayashi, R.N. Kambuou, J. Risimeri, J. Poafa, A. Apa, A. Kaga, T. Isemura,
Y. Kuroda, D.A. Vaughan. 2005. Ecological survey and conservation of legume - symbiotic Rhizobia genetic diversity in Papua New Guinea. Annual report on exploration and introduction of plant genetic resources, NIAS, Tsukuba. 21:135-143
2）D. A. Vaughan, 1990. The relatives of rice in Papua New Guinea. Report of collaborative germplasm collecting in Papua New Guinea between the Department of Primary Industry and
- 53 -
IRRI. Mimeographed. IRRI library. 51 pages
3）　Vaughan, D.A. 1991. Wild rices of Papua New Guinea. Collaborative Department of Primary
Industry and IRRI collecting of Oryza species from 11th -29th July 1991. Mimeographed IRRI
library. 29 pages
4）Hovius, N., C.P. Stark, M.A. Tutton and L.D. Abbott.1998. Landslide-driven drainage network
evolution in a pre-steady-state mountain belt; Finisterre Mountains, Papua New Guinea. Geology 26: 1071-1074
和文摘要
生物研と NARI（パプアニューギニア）は植物遺伝資源共同探索調査の MOU を 2003 年に取
り交わし，今回の探索はその３年計画の２年目にあたる．1 年目のパプアニューギニア中山間部
や東部の探索（Fig. 1）については友岡ら (2005) が報告している．今回はパプアニューギニア
のなかでもアクセスが極めて困難で，ほぼ手付かずの高温多湿の熱帯雨林が広がるパプアニュー
ギニア北部（Fig. 1）においてイネ（Oryza ）
，
マメ（Vigna ）
，
サゴヤシ（Metroxylon ）およびキャッ
サバ（Manihot ）の探索を行った．調査期間は平成 17 年 6 月 12 日～ 6 月 28 日である．調査
地域は Fig. 1 に示した East Sepik 州と Madang 州の 2 地域である．East Sepik 州では Wewak ～
Pagwi を車で，広大な Sepik 川の氾濫原はボートで探索した．Madang 州では Usino ～ Madang
～ Namnam を車で，
Ramu 川の氾濫原をボートで，
Minjeng 川渓谷 Asui 村は徒歩で探索した (Table
1)．
その結果，イネ属野生種 3 種 9 系統，アズキ亜属野生種 3 種 20 系統およびササゲ亜属野生種
２種を収集することができた (Table 2)．昨年度の探索で見つかっているダイズ属野生種やライ
マメ，ササゲ，シカクマメなどのマメ科作物は確認できなかった．今回訪問した EastSepik 州の
低湿地林帯の住民はサゴデンプンを主食としており，各村が独自のサゴヤシを維持していた．ア
クセスが困難なためこの地域のサゴヤシはこれまで収集されていなかったが，サゴヤシ栽培型
12 系統および野生型 4 系統の吸枝を収集することができた．また，Madang 州ではキャッサバ
在来種 3 系統および雑草型 4 系統を収集した．
イネ属野生種 (Fig. 2): O. rufipogon については Blackwater 湖で収集できたが (Photo 1)，広大
な分布が期待された Chambri 湖では全く見つからなかった．
EastSepik 州 Sepik 川とその支流，Chambri 湖周辺の低湿地林合計 4 ヶ所で Oryza ridleyi を発
見した (Photo 2)．East Sepik 州での記録は今回がはじめてである．Madang 州では，Ramu 川の
低湿地林で O. ridleyi を，Minajim 川上流の支流 Jamu 川の 2 ヶ所において，これまで国内で入
手不可能であった O. schlechteri を発見した (Photo 3 および 4)．これらからは種子および集団
構造分析用のサンプルを収集し，O. rufipogon と O. schlechteri については生茎葉も持ち帰った．
アズキ亜属野生種 (Fig. 3): East Sepik 州でのアズキ亜属野生種に関する記録は今回がはじめ
てである．Sepik 川と Chambri 湖の湿地帯 5 ヶ所においてリョクトウ野生種（V. radiata var.
sublobata ）と考えられる植物を見出した (Photo 5)．これらは乾燥したサバンナ植生で見つかっ
たリョクトウ野生種とは明らかに異なる生育地に広く分布し，形態的にもやや異なる特徴を持っ
ていた．East Sepik 州 Maprik から Pagwi の草原帯のなかの道路沿いの比較的湿った場所で，イ
ネ科植物に巻き付いた V. minima に近縁と考えられる植物を発見した (Photo 7 および 8)．この
植物の花は小さく，葉は植物全体にわたり極めて細長く，種子の臍があまり突出していないなど，
典型的な V. minima とは異なる複数の特徴を持っていた．また，これら 2 種については分類学
上の位置づけが明らかでないので，今後持ち帰った収集品を調査する予定である．
- 54 -
Fig. 1. Locations visited in Papua New
Wewak
Guinea.
(Bold frame: 2005, dotted: 2004).
Madang
Lae
Port Moresby
Wewak
Maprik
Nubia
Namnam
Paparam
Bogia
Ramu River
Pagwi
Savanaut
Sepik River
Aibom
Chambri Lake
Korosameri River
Timbunmeri
Madang
Sangriman
Black Water Lake
Bogadjim
Usino
Minjeng River
O. ridleyi
Asui
O. rufipogon
Fig. 2. Collecting sites of Oryza species.
O. schlechteri
Wewak
Maprik
Nubia
Paparam
Bogia
Ramu River
Pagwi
Savanaut
Sepik River
Aibom
Chambri Lake
Korosameri River
Timbunmeri
Sangriman
Madang
Black Water Lake
Bogadjim
Usino
V. radiata var. sublobata
cf. V. minima
V. reflexo-pilosa
V. luteola
V. marina
Minjeng River
Asui
Fig. 3. Collecting sites of Vigna species.
- 55 -
Table 3a. Passport data of the collected materials in Papua New Guinea
収集品のパスポートデータ
No.
Coll.
Date
Coll. No.
Species
V.reflexo-
Status
1
6/16 05PNG01
1a
6/16 05PNG01a
2
6/16 05PNG02 cf. V. minima wild
3
pilosa
V.reflexopilosa
6/17 05PNG03 O. ridleyi
wild
wild
wild
- 56 -
4
6/17 05PNG04 V. luteola
wild
5
6/17 05PNG05 O. ridleyi
wild
6
6/17 05PNG06
7
6/17 05PNG07
8
6/17 05PNG08
9
6/18 05PNG09 O. ridleyi
cf. V. radiata
var. sublobata
cf. V. radiata
var. sublobata
cf. V. radiata
var. sublobata
10 6/18 05PNG10 O.rufipogon
11 6/18 05PNG11 O.rufipogon
12 6/19 05PNG12
cf. V. radiata
var. sublobata
13 6/19 05PNG13 O. ridleyi
14 6/19 05PNG14
cf. V. radiata
var. sublobata
wild
wild
wild
wild
wild
wild
Collection Site
Latitude/
Altitude
Longitude
(m)
Paparom, Kubalia, 25km
S03-41-43.7
from Wewak
E143-32-05.7
Paparom, Kubalia, 25km
S03-41-43.7
from Wewak
E143-32-05.7
Patugo, Wasara, Afeel,
S03-48-02.4
between Maprik and Pagwi
E143-02-01.2
Short Mary Baret (waterway) S04-10-16.5
Suapmeri, Maprik, East Sepik E143-09-38.6
Aibom, Chambri Lakes,
S04-15-35.1
Pagwi, East Sepik
E143-1059.2
Aibom, Chambri Lakes,
S04-16-07.04
Pagwi, East Sepik
E143-11-36.6
Aibom, Chambri Lakes,
S04-16-07.04
Pagwi, East Sepik
E143-11-36.6
Timbun, Chambri
S04-20-07.5
Lakes,Pagwi, East Sepik
E143-05-05.6
Ari John, middle of Chambri S04-16-17.9
Lakes, Pagwi, East Sepik
E143-06-40.6
Korogu, 15km S Pagwi, Pawi, S04-07-09.1
East Sepik
E143-11-14.4
Sangriman, entrance to the
S04-23-14.7
Blackwater lakes, East Sepik E143-19-09.3
Sangriman, entrance to the
S04-23-14.7
Blackwater lakes, East Sepik E143-19-09.3
wild
Savanaut, Pagwi, East Sepik
wild
Savanaut, Pagwi, East Sepik
wild
Pagwi, East Sepik
S04-05-06.3
E143-03-13.7
S04-05-06.3
E143-03-13.7
S04-03-19.3
E143-01-48.7
200
200
35
10
15
Habitat
roadside in forest
area
roadside in forest
area
roadside in
grassland area
Forest
Growing in the
lake
Shading
open
open
open
Distur-
Population
Growth
bance
size
stage
medhigh
medhigh
high
shaded low
open
low
100x100m
1x1m
50x1m
20x20m
3x3m
22
Village forest
shaded medium 20x20m
22
Lakeside grasses
open
20
Lakeside grasses
15
flowering-
flowering-
maturity
floweringmaturity
Scattered over flowering-
high
large area
open
high
10x10m
Lakeside grasses
open
low
5x5m
15
Primary forest
shaded med
10
Primary forest
10
Primary forest
semi
shade
semi
shade
med
med
6
River bank
open
6
Sago forest
shaded med
5
Pasture and waste
land in the village
open
high
high
10x10m
20x10m
5x5m
maturity
floweringmaturity
floweringmaturity
floweringmaturity
10x10m
silt
maturity
maturity
floweringmaturity
yes
Twining up elephant grass associated with
Pueraria
This one individual was somewhat erect
yes
yes
up grasses. This species most likely belongs to
bulk
yes
no
Scattered over wide area along this channel to
the Chambri Lakes
Growing up grass in standing water. Collected
mud
bulk
yes
no
forest litter
bulk
yes
no
Growing close to the boat jetty in forest shade
lake side silts bulk
yes
yes
Climbing up grasses on the lakeside
lake side silts bulk
yes
yes
Climbing up grasses on the lakeside
lake side silts bulk
no
yes
Climbing up grasses on the lakeside
silt
yes
no
Disturbance from wild pigs, high sterility
yes
no
yes
no
vegetative silt
flowering-
yes
Remarks
bium
the V. minima complex.
vegetative silt
Scattered over floweringlarge area
few plants
maturity
flowering-
rium
Growing close to Sago on raised area, twining
flowering-
maturity
Herba- Rhizo-
one individual
maturity
flowering-
Seed
bulk
maturity
med-
100x100m
Soil
bulk
vegetative
samples
dna samples
only
silt
bulk
yes
yes
forest litter
bulk
yes
no
pasture
bulk
yes
yes
by boat.
Disturbance due to water fluctuation, very tall
plants
Disturbance due to water fluctuation, very tall
plants
Growing alone in the muddy bank of the Sepik
River
Mainly sterile just 2 panicles with fertile seeds
Table 3a (continued).
15 6/19 05PNG15 cf. V. minima wild
16 6/20 05PNG16
17 6/20 05PNG17
18 6/20 05PNG18
19 6/20 05PNG19
20 6/20 05PNG20
21 6/20 05PNG21
22 6/20 05PNG22
- 57 -
23 6/20 05PNG23
24 6/21 05PNG24
V. radiata var.
sublobata
V. radiata var.
sublobata
V. radiata var.
sublobata
V. radiata var.
sublobata
V. radiata var.
sublobata
V.reflexopilosa
V. radiata var.
sublobata
V.reflexopilosa
V.reflexopilosa
25 6/21 05PNG25 V. marina
26 6/21 05PNG26
26a 6/21 05PNG26a
V.reflexopilosa
V.reflexopilosa
27 6/22 05PNG27 O. ridleyi
wild
wild
wild
wild
wild
Saingo, Pagwi, East Sepik
S05-24-10.5
Lae road, Madang
E145-35-29.1
about 30km from Madang,
S05-26-04.9
Naru, Madang
E145-32-58.4
Yagumbu, road to Brahmin,
S05-40-05.4
Ramu valley, Madang
E145-25-36.9
Madang, Madang
S05-29-50.9
E145-27-45.0
Tapopo, Madang, Madang
wild
Tapopo, Madang, Madang
E145-28-42.2
S05-29-38.4
E145-28-42.2
S05-29-07
E145-29-02.7
S04-46-24.3
Karim, Madang, Madang
E145-41-29.8
Between Sarang 1 and 2,
S04-46-24.3
Karim, Madang, Madang
E145-41-29.8
Nubia coconut plantation,
S04-10-31.6
Bogia, Madang
E144-50-35
About 500m from PNG 26
wild
Namnam, Bogia, Madang
Anuta Warumu's land, Wanis
above Jamu gorge, Asui,
Madang
29 6/24 05PNG29 O. schlechteri wild
S05-29-38.4
Between Sarang 1 and 2,
wild
28 6/24 05PNG28 O. schlechteri wild
E145-25-29.2
Madang
wild
wild
S05-31-04.5
33 km east of PNG18,
Tapopo, Madang, Madang
wild
E143-00-32.9
15-20km W of Madang on
wild
wild
S03-58-53.6
S04-11-02.2
E144-49-54.5
S04-09-33.2
E144-40-16.7
S05-39-07.5
E145-41-14.1
Melon Tulo's land, Gulubu,
S05-38-00.3
Asui, Madang
E145-40-49.2
34
Grassland of the
Sepik Plains
open
high
150x3m
floweringmaturity
flowering-
grassland
yes
yes
herbs-grasses bulk
yes
yes
herbs-grasses bulk
yes
?
Many kamemushi on these plants
grass
bulk
yes
yes
Grasses at the edge of road but forest beyond.
herbs-grasses bulk
yes
yes
no
no
193
Roadside
open
high
50x50m
202
Roadside
open
high
50x50m
Roadside
open
high
50x50m
274
Roadside
open
high
100x100m
287
Roadside
open
high
50x50m
flowering
herbs-grasses
320
Roadside verge
open
high
50x50m
flowering
herbs-grasses few seeds
yes
yes
320
Roadside verge
open
high
30x30m
herbs-grasses bulk
no
yes
362
Roadside verge
open
high
100x100m
herbs-grasses bulk
yes
no
5
Roadside ditch
open
high
20x50m
yes
yes
very large
sea level beach
open
high
all along the
beach
9
coconut plantation open
high
20x20m
1
coconut plantation open
high
20x20m
sea level forest
river side, above
361
which is primary
forest
301
steep river side
maturity
floweringmaturity
floweringmaturity
floweringmaturity
floweringmaturity
floweringmaturity
flowering- herbs-grassesmaturity
floweringmaturity
floweringmaturity
floweringmaturity
shrubs
with other
shade
medium 20x20m
herbs-grasses bulk
yes
yes
herbs-grasses bulk
no
no
shrubs
flowering- other herbs,
maturity
Sympatric with V. reflexo-pilosa
On the one side of the road the flower was
much bigger than the other side.
population were climbing over large shrubs to
3-4m
yes
flowering- other herbs,
semi
This species matures later than V. radiata var.
sublobata in this area.
Wet ditch with standing water. Plants of this
bulk
no
semi
maturity
found
bulk
species
vegetative trees
shade
no seeds
belongs with the V. minima complex.
not growing
shaded medium 150x100m
medium 60x10m
Growing along a drainage ditch. Probably
bulk
shrubs
only 2 seeds yes
no
bulk
no
Brown seeds
Close to this population there was a large
yes
landslide. The population is vulnerable to
flooding and landslides. 20 DNA samples taken
bulk
yes
no
The orginal population collected in 1990.
Presumed type population.
Table 3b. Passport data of the collected materials in Papua New Guinea
収集品のパスポートデータ
Sago
- 58 -
Donor name
Donor no. Local name
Meaning of local
name
Jerry Kapa
Petrus Managa
Aivo Audambia
Bernard Upan
Cherobim Wombue
Cherobim Wombue
Ismael Singut
Sebby Janguan
Sebby Janguan
William Bar
William Bar
William Bar
William Bar
William Bar
Joseph Teehan
Joseph Teehan
JK01
PM01
AA01
BU01
CW01
CW02
IS01
SJ01
SJ02
WB01
WB02
WB03
WB04
WB05
JT01
JT02
Short var. no thorns Yatwal
Dwarf medium
Yatwal
Dwarf
Yatwal
Yatwal
Very tall
Yatwal
Medium tall
Yatwal
Sago
Gebmakundi
Wild sago
Gebmakundi
Gebmakundi
Sago
Bosman
Bosman
Bosman
Bosman
Bosman
Ogea
Ogea
Dabum Warawat
Lamenau Waruwat
Lamenau Waruwat
Dabun Upan
Laminau (Walingavi)
Walingavi Varuat
Nau
Wowiak nau
Nau
Tam ves
Pom
Dung
Zimar
Donor ethnic group Coll. No
JPRK01
JPRK02
JPRK03
JPRK04
JPRK05
JPRK06
JPRK07
JPRK08
JPRK09
JPRK10
JPRK11
JPRK12
JPRK13
JPRK14
JPRK15
JPRK16
Coll. Date Province
District
Village
17June05
17June05
17June05
17June05
17June05
17June05
18June05
19June05
19June05
22June05
22June05
22June05
22June05
22June05
23June06
23June06
Wosera-Gawi
Wosera-Gawi
Wosera-Gawi
Wosera-Gawi
Wosera-Gawi
Wosera-Gawi
Wosera-Gawi
Wosera-Gawi
Wosera-Gawi
Bogia
Bogia
Bogia
Bogia
Bogia
Madang
Madang
Aibon
Aibon
Aibon
Aibon
Aibon
Aibon
Yamanumbu
Pagwi
Pagwi
Nemnem
Nemnem
Nemnem
Nemnem
Nemnem
Erima
Erima
East Sepik Prov.
East Sepik Prov.
East Sepik Prov.
East Sepik Prov.
East Sepik Prov.
East Sepik Prov.
East Sepik Prov.
East Sepik Prov.
East Sepik Prov.
Madang
Madang
Madang
Madang
Madang
Madang
Madang
Cassava(Manihot esculenta )
Meaning of local
name
Donor ethnic group Coll. No
Coll. Date Province
District
Village
MMK01
Bel
Madang
RY01
RY02
RY03
Waupe
Waupe
Waupe
23June05
20June05
20June05
20June05
23June05
24June05
24June05
Jimjam
Igriwe
Igriwe
Tapopo
Kulel
Kulel
Yawar
Donor name
Donor no. Local name
Marksy Mareg.K
Ronny Yebu
Ronny Yebu
Ronny Yebu
JPRK01
JPRK01
JPRK02
JPRK03
JPRK04
JPRK05
JPRK06
Madang
Madang
Madang
Madang
Madang
Madang
Madang
Madang
Madang
Madang
Photo 2. Young plants of O. ridleyi
growing on the forest floor and
decaying tree stump.
Photo 1. Habit of Sepik O. rufipogon
at the rivers edge, Blackwater,
Sepik.
Photo 3. O. schlechteri growing on loose
soils at rivers edge.
Photo 4. A large population of O. schlechteri
at rivers edge to the right of picture. The
muddy riverbed is the consequence of a recent
landslide adjacent to the site.
- 59 -
Photo 5. cf. V. radiata var. sublobata
growing in silt at edge of the Sepik
River.
Photo 7. cf. V. minima showing flower and
slender leaflets, growing in grasses on the
Sepik Plain.
Photo 6. V. refexo-pilosa growing
2-3m high in roadside bushes.
Photo 8. cf. V. minima habitat on the natural
grasslands of the Sepik River plains, Sago
trees in the background.
- 61 -

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