mTavarepiskoposi anania jafariZe
Soba, jvarcma, aRdgoma
da amaRleba
uflisa da macxovrisa Cvenisa
ieso qristesi
1995
1
episkopos anania jafariZis winamdebare wigni mTlianad eyrdnoba
`axal aRTqmas~, maTes, markozis, lukasa da ioanes saxarebebs, mociqulTa
epistoleebs, wmida mamaTa ganmartebebs, Tanamedrove marTlmadidebeli
Teologebis naSromebs. igi warmoadgens Cveni uflisa da macxovris ieso
qristes cxovrebis istorias.
wigni
gansazRvrulia
damxmare
saxelmZRvanelod
sasuliero
saswavleblis studentebisa da farTo mkiTxveli sazogadoebisaTvis.
2
Soba qristesi
saqarTvelodan
Sors
saberZneTSi,
aTonis
wmida
mTaze,
iveronis
monastris berebi Zvelad wirvisas imeorebdnen im sagalobels, romelsac
Cvil ieso qristes yovladwmida RvTismSobeli ugalobda: - wirvis didi
gamosvlisas Sesabamis sagalobels marcxena gundis berZeni mgalobeli
urTavda misamRers yvelasaTvis gaugebari sityvebiT, romelTa Soris
umTavresi iyo `nenana~. `berZen momReralTa swavlebiT `nenana~ igalobeba
mosaxsenieblad RvTismSoblisa, romelic am `nenanas~ (e.i. iavnanas)
ugalobda akvanTan RvTaebriv Cvils Tavisas~ (arqimandriti porfiri,
pirveli mogzauroba aTonis monastrebsa da skitebSi 1845, naw. I, gv. 71).
`naninas~ mxolod qarTul samyaroSi umReris deda Tavis Cvils,
amitomac es sityvebi ucnauria sxvaTa smenisaTvis, magram ucxoel berebs
is daucavT, rac miuTiTebs israelsa da mis CrdiloeTiT mcxovreb
xalxebs
Soris
mWidro
kulturuli
kavSiris
Sesaxeb,
israelis
CrdiloeTiT moqceuli qveynebi – kabadokia, ponto, kolxeTi da iberia –
qarTul samyaros warmoadgenda, dasaxlebuls qarTulad mosaubre
tomebiT, romelTagan mravali TandaTan asimilirda sxva xalxebSi da
ufro metad berZnulenovan elementad iqca.
axalSobili iesos mosagoneblad saukuneTa manZilze _ `iverTa
monastris berebis sagalobelSi qarTuli `nana~ Tu `iavnana~ gaismoda~...
wers g. gozaliSvili (miTridate pontoeli, 186).
ra tkbili iqneboda deda RvTisas bagiT naTqvami - `iavnana~, ra
bednieri sacqeria dedis galobisas akvanSi gaRimebuli da asxartalebuli
RvTaebrivi Cvili.
maTe maxarebels uweria: `xolo ieso qristes Soba ase moxda: misi
dedis, mariamis iosebze daniSvnis Semdeg, vidre isini SeuRldebodnen, igi
aRmoCnda suli wmidisagan daorsulebuli~ (maTe, 2:18).
mociqulebis swavlaSi, romelic Cveni mamebis sarwmunoebrivi kredo
iyo, naTqvamia ieso qristes Sesaxeb, rom igia, Cveni ufali, Ze RvTisa,
mxolodSobili, mamisagan Sobili uwinares yovelTa saukuneTa, WeSmariti
RmerTi, mama RmerTis Tanaarsi, romlisganac yoveli Seiqmna. is Cveni
sicocxlisaTvis `gardamoxda zeciT da xorcni Seisxna sulisagan wmidisa
da mariamisagan qalwulisa da gankacna~.
suli wmida iseTive WeSmariti da Zlieri RmerTia, rogorc mama
RmerTi da
momcemi).
Ze
RmerTi,
is
aris
ufali
cxovelsmyofeli
(sicocxlis
ieso qristes, Ze RmerTis Sesaxeb ambobs ioane maxarebeli:
`pirveliTgan iyo sityva, da sityva iyo RvTisa Tana da RmerTi iyo sityva
igi (ioane, 1,1), mociquli ganagrZobs - `sityva igi xorciel iqmna da
3
daemkvidra
Cvens
Soris
da
vixile
dideba
misi,
dideba
viTarca
mxolodSobilisa mamisa mier, savse madliT da WeSmaritebiT~ (ioane, 1:14).
risTvis ineba RmerTma dedamiwaze mosvla kacis saxiT? amas TviT
ieso pasuxobs: _ `esreT Seiyvara RmerTman sofeli ese, viTarca Zeca Tvisi
mxolod Sobili misca mas~ (ioane, 3:16). xolo maxarebeli amatebs: - rameTu
Ze RvTisa movida da momca Cven gonebai, raTa vicodeT Cven WeSmariti
RmerTi da varT Cven WeSmaritisa Tana Zisa mamisa ieso qristesa, ese ars
WeSmariti RmerTi da cxovreba saukuno (I ioane, 5,20).
RvTis Tanaarsma iesom TviTve brZana - `me da mama Cemi erT varT~
(ioane, 10:30), isaa Semoqmedi qveynisa, viTarca mama da suli wminda RmerTi
- `yovelive mis mier Seiqmna da Tvinier missa arca erTi ra iqmna, raodeni
ra iqmna~ (ioane, 1:3).
da ai, sayvareli kacobriobis gamosaxsnelad sulisagan wmidisa da
maradis qalwul mariamisagan xorci Seisxa iesom. gardamovxed zeciT
ambobda is – ara raTa vyo neba Cemi, aramed neba momavlineblisa Cemisa
(ioane, 6:38), - raTa scnas sofelman rameTu miyvars me mama da, viTarca
mamcno me mamaman, egredve vyo (ioane, 14:38). xolo mociquli ambobs `amisaTvis man daimdabla Tavi Tvisi~.
ieso qristem gamoixsna kacobrioba codvisagan, ra codva hqonda
kacobriobas? nuTu ise didi iyo misi codva, rom mxolodSobili RvTis Zis
qveynad mosvla iyo saWiro?
codva ara Tu hqonda adamianebs, aramed codva warmoadgenda kedels,
mijnas kacobriobasa da RmerTs Soris Cveni pirvelwinaprebis adamisa da
evas Secodebis gamo. RvTis pirveli mcnebis
daSordnen sikeTesa da sisrules, daadgnen
darRvevis Semdeg isini
sikvdilisa da xrwnis
damRupvel gzas. nebisyofa dasustda da adamiani Seiqmna mona. xorcieli
grZnoba gabatonda sulier grZnobaze, sulieri bunebis garyvnas Tan mohyva
xrwna xorcielisa, gaCnda sneuleba da sikvdili, pirveladamianebi
ganidevnen samoTxidan, aseTi iyo Sedegi adam da evas RvTisadmi urCobisa,
da gadaeca maT mierve gamravlebul kacobriobas maTi dacemis Semdgomi
buneba. maTi codva yovel kaczea, rogorc pavle mociquli brZanebs (rom,
5:12)
am codvasTan brZolaSi sust da uZlur adamianebs RmerTma aRuTqva
macxovaris, mxsnelis movlineba. iesom ixsna kacobrioba wyevisagan
`amisTvis man daimdabla Tavi Tvisi da iqmna morCil, vidre sikvdilamde,
da sikvdiliTa miT jvarisaTa~ (fil: 2:8)
ieso qristem kacobrioba gamoixsna
codvisagan Tavisi moZRvrebiT
cxovrebiT, sikvdiliT, mkvdreTiT aRdgomiT da amaRlebiT. aswavla
kacobriobas WeSmariti RvTis cnoba, axsna saidumlo wminda samebisa.
aswavla siyvaruli RvTisadmi da siyvaruli adamianebisadmi.
4
pavle mociquli brZanebs, rom ieso qristes mier gvaqvs Cven gamoxsna
sisxliTa misiTa da moteveba codvaTa CvenTa simdidrisaebr madlisa
misiTa (efes, 1:7) `qristeman mogviyidna Cven wyevisa misgan sjulisa da iqmna
CvenTvis wyevisa qveSe~ (gal. 3:13).
viTarca adami aris xorcieli Tavi mTeli kacobriobisa, radganac
misgan warmosdgnen adamianebi, aseve ieso qriste aris
kacobriobis
sulieri Tavi. amitom rogorc adamis gamo yvela CvenTagani
miveciT
sikvdils, wyevasa da codvas ise qristes mier vixsnebiT codvisa, wyevisa
da sikvdilisagan - `vinaidan Tu erTis danaSauliT sikvdili sufevda
erTis mier, miT umetes isini, romlebic miiReben madls da simarTlis niWs,
imefeben cxovrebaSi erTis, ieso qristes meSveobiT. amrigad Tu erTis
danaSauliT yvela adamians daedo msjavri, aseve erTis simarTliT yvela
adamiani gamarTldeba sasicocxlod, vinaidan rogorc erTi kacis urCobiT
bevri gaxda codvili, aseve erTis morCilebiT bevri gaxdeba marTali~
(rom, 5:17-19).
macxovari ebrael erSi gankacda, rameTu RmerTi gansakuTrebiT
amzadebda am rCeul ers mxsnelis misaRebad. misgan unda gamosuliyo mesia.
aRTqma amisa mravalgzis ganumeora RmerTma ebraelebs. abraams uTxra –
ikurTxeodian Teslisa mimarT Senisa yovelni naTesavni qveynisani (dab,
27:18), daviT winaswarmetyvels ubrZana: aRvadgino Tesli Seni Semdgomad
Senisa da ganvmarTo saydari misi ukunisamde (2 mefeTa, 7:12-13). anu qriste,
qalwulisagan Sobili, abraamisa da daviTis STamomavali unda yofiliyo,
mas unda mieca yvela erisaTvis kurTxeva RvTisa da mas saukunod unda
eufla.
da
ai,
aRsrulda
saukuneTa
manZilze
gamoTqmuli
winaswarme-
tyvelebani: warmoigzavna RmerTisgan angelozi gabrieli galileis qalaqs,
romlis saxelia nazareTi, qalwulTan, romelic daniSnuli iyo kacze,
romelsac erqva iosebi, daviTis saxlisagan da qalwulis saxeli iyo
mariami. Sevida masTan da uTxra: `gixarodes madliano, SenTan ars ufali,
kurTxeul xar Sen dedaTa Soris~. is ki SeaZrwuna am naTqvamma da
Cafiqrda: ranairia es misalmeba da uTxra mas angelozma: `nu geSinia
mariam, vinaidan madli hpove RmerTTan. ai, daorsuldebi da gagiCndeba Ze
da mas saxelad iesos daarqmev, diadi iqneba is da uzenaesis Zed iwodeba.
miscems mas ufali RmerTi misi mamis, daviTis taxts da ukunisamde imefebs
iakobis saxelze da mis mefobas ar eqneba dasasruli.~
uTxra mariamma angelozs: `ranairad iqneba es, roca me mamakaci ar
vici?~
angelozma miugo pasuxad: `suliwmida mova Sens zeda da uzenaesis
Zala dagCrdilavs, amitom wmida Sobilic iwodeba Ze RmerTisad~.
5
maSin
mariamma
Tqva:
`aha,
mxevali
uflisa
dae
iyos
Cemda
Seni
sityvisamebr, da wavida misgan angelozi~ (luka 1: 26-35).
galilea palestinis ayvavebuli mxare iyo, puris yanebiT, xexilis
baRebiT, venaxebiT, civi wyaroebiT, cxvris mravalricxovani farebiT savse.
yvavilovani WalebiT is ar hgavda qvian iudeas. galilea qveynis
CrdiloeTiT mdebareobda da masa da iudeas Soris samaria iyo, xolo
iudeas samxreTiT – idumea. galileas mTavari qalaqebi genesareTis tbis
garSemo iyvnen ganlagebulni. mas tiberiadis, xan ki galileis zRvas
uwodebdnen. misi warmtaci sanapiroebi Tvals xiblavdnen zeTisxilis
baRebiTa da palmis tevrebiT. tbis gemrieli
TevziT ikvebebodnen
sanapiros qalaqebi da soflebi. dRiTa da RamiT tba meTevzeTa navebiT
iyo dafaruli.
tbispira patara lamazi qalaqebi kapernaumi, tiberiada, xorazani da
beTsaida mSromeli xalxiT iyo dasaxlebuli, amuSavebdnen miwas,
vaWrobdnen, Tevzaobdnen da saqmianobdnen. aq galileis patara qalaqSi,
ufro ki sofelSi gaatara iesom Tavis cxovrebis meti nawili, ocdaaT
welze meti. amitomac, vinc misi Sobis
adgili ar icoda, iesos
nazarevels uwodebda. misi WeSmariti samSoblo ki daviTis Zveli qalaqi
iyo iudeaSi, sadac is iSva.
iosebi, mariamis damwindveli, romlis ojaxSic daibada ieso,
galileveli ar iyo, aramed daviTis saxlisa da tomis STamomavali,
daviTis qalaqeli - beTlemeli. amitomac, rac qveyanaSi mosaxleobis
aRwera gamoacxades, valdebuli gaxda Tavisi ojaxiT galileidan Tavis
qalaqSi wasuliyo da iq Caweriliyo.
qveynis aRweris Jams, mariami orsulad iyo, ramac ramdenime Tvis win
maxareblis sityviT, SeaSfoTa iosebi, romelic mariamTan SeuRlebas
apirebda: `mariamis iosebze daniSvnis Semdeg, vidre isini SeuRldebodnen
aRmoCnda, rom mas hyavda CanasaxSi suliwmidisagan. xolo iosebi - misi
qmari marTali iyo. ar isurva misi samagaliTod gamoyvana da undoda
uxmaurod gaeSva igi. roca amas fiqrobda, ai, eCvena mas sizmarSi uflis
angelozi da uTxra: ioseb, Zeo daviTisa, nu SegaSinebs Seni colis mariamis miReba, vinaidan is, romelic masSia Casaxuli, suliwmidisagan
aris. Zes gaaCens da daarqmev mas saxelad iesos, vinaidan igi ixsnis Tavis
xalxs maTi codvisagan. yovelive es moxda, raTa aRsruldes uflis
naTqvami
winaswarmetyvelis
mier,
romelic
ambobs:
ai,
qalwuli
daorsuldeba, gauCndeba Ze da daarqmeven mas saxelad emanuels, rac
TargmaniT niSnavs: RmerTi CvenTanaa. iosebma rom gaiRviZa da wamodga, ise
moiqca, rogorc uflis angelozma ubrZana, da miiRo Tavisi coli. ar
gahkarebia mas~ (maTe, 1:18-25).
6
ramdenime
Tvis Semdeg,
rogorc iTqva, qveyanaSi
aRwera Catarda.
iosebi mSobliur qalaqSi gaemgzavra imJamindeli wesis Tanaxmad `yvelani
midiodnen
Casawerad,
TviToeuli
Tavis
qalaqSi.
iosebic
wavida
galileidan, qalaq nazareTidan iudeas, daviTis qalaqSi,
ewodeba beTlemi, vinaidan igi iyo daviTis saxelisa da
romelsac
tomisagan,
Casawerad mariamTan
erTad, romelic masze iyo daniSnuli da iyo
orsulad. da Sva Ze Tavisi, pirmSo, Seaxvia da miawvina igi bagaSi, vinaidan
sastumroSi ar iyo adgili maTTvis~ (luka, 2. 3-7)
marTalia iosebica da mariamic ebraelTa yvelaze saxelovani mefis
STamomavlebi iyvnen, magram qonebrivad Raribni, Tavi ojaxisa durglobda,
mariami ki ojaxSi saqmianobda. TavianTi didi winaprebis qalaqSi maT
dasaZinebeli adgilic ki aravin misca, Tumca aRweris saqalaqo wignSi
Caewernen viTarca daviTis STamomavlebi, iudeaSi yvelam icoda Tavisi
genealogia da Senaxuli hqonda xsovna winaparTa sanaTesaos ukve gamqrali
ganayofebis Sesaxeb. ebrauli CveviT, rogorc iTqva, aRwerisas winaparTa
qalaqSi ewerebodnen.
iudea, romelic
im
dros
romis
imperiis
nawils
Seadgenda,
politikurad aSlili iyo, ebraelebi Znelad eguebodnen romaelTa
mmarTvelobas. amis gamo albaT mgzavroba galileidan daviTis qalaqamde
gaZnelda. daRlili mgzavrebi sastumroSi ubinaobis gamo iZulebulni
gaxdnen, iqve axlos, gamoqvabulSi mowyobili bagisaTvis SeefarebinaT
Tavi, sadac Tiva da Cala eyara cxvar-Zroxis gamosakvebad. ai, aq saxlidan
moSorebiT, civ Rames, ara Tu raime miwieri fufunebiT, aramed yovlad
keTilmouwyobel garemoSi daibada qriste.
Tuki adamianTa erTi nawilisaTvis iesos Soba SeumCneveli darCa,
zeciuri samyaro Ze RvTisas Sobam SeZra, brwyinvale varskvlavi misi Sobis
adgils daadga, mgalobelma angelozebma ki yvelaze ubralo da martiv
adamianebs – mwyemsebs axares macxovris Soba.
maxarebeli wers: `im mxareSi iyvnen mwyemsebi mindvrad da RamiT
darajobdnen TavianT samwysos. da ai, uflis angelozi warmoudga maT,
uflis dideba gamoubrwyindaT da SeSindnen didi SiSiT. uTxra maT
angelozma: nu geSiniaT, ai gaxarebT did sixaruls, romelic mTeli
xalxisa iqneba: vinaidan dRes daviTis qalaqSi Tqven dagebadaT macxovari,
romelic aris qriste ufali. da es Tqvenda niSnad: im yrmas hpovebT
Sexveuls bagaze mwoliares.
da uecrad gaCnda angelozTa didZali jari cidan, romelnic aqebda
RmerTs da ambobda: `dideba maRalTa Sina RmerTsa da qveyanasa zeda
mSvidoba da kacTa Soris saTnoeba~. (luka, 2:9-14).
7
mwyemsebi
gaocebiT
Sescqerodnen
zecidan
gamosuli
mgalobeli
angelozebis jars da roca angelozebi kvlav zecad avidnen, uTxres
erTmaneTs: wavideT beTlems da vnaxoT ra moxda razec gvauwya ufalma.
`swrafad mividnen da naxes mariami da iosebi, da bagaze mwoliare
yrma. danaxvisTanave uambes imis Sesaxeb, rac eTqvaT am yrmaze. yvelas vinc
ki ismenda, ukvirda, rasac mwyemsebi uambobdnen maT~. (luka, 2:15-18).
magram rogori unda yofiliyo maTi gakvirveba sparseTidan yrmis
Tayvanis sacemad sagangebod Camosuli mogvebis danaxvisas. kidev ufro
gaocebuli iyo mTeli ierusalimi, roca maT mogvebisagan gaigones, rom
daibada iudevelTa mefe. taxtze mjdomi mefe herode ki piriqiT, am ambavis
gagonebisas – gaognda.
maTe wers - `roca ieso daibada iudeas beTlemSi, mefe herodes
dReebSi, ierusalimSi movidnen varskvlavTmricxvelni aRmosavleTidan da
Tqves: sad aris iudevelTa mefe rom daibada? vinaidan vixileT misi
varskvlavi aRmosavleTSi da movediT, rom Tayvani vceT mas. es rom
gaigona, SeZrwunda mefe herode da masTan mTeli ierusalimi~ (maTe, 2:1-3)
ierusalimidan gamosvlis Semdeg mogvebma kvlav dainaxes `varskvlavi,
romelic maT aRmosavleTSi ixiles. win uZRoda maT, vidre mividoda da
gaCerdeboda im adgilze, sadac yrma iyo. varskvlavi rom dainaxes, maT Zalze
didi sixaruliT gaixares. roca saxlSi Sevidnen, dainaxes yrma mariamTan,
Tavis dedasTan, daemxnen da Tayvani sces mas, gaxsnes TavianTi saunjeni da
miarTves mas ZRveni: oqro, gundruki da muri (smirna)~ (maTe, 2:9-11).
herode, xalxisaTvis saZulveli, ukanono, romaelTa mier dadgenili
iudeis mefe, SeZra mogvTa mier motanilma cnobam `iudevelTa mefis~
dabadebis Sesaxeb. ra tanjva-wamebiT, sisxlis wvimebiTa da veragobiT
miiRo man es taxti, romlisTvisac ar daindo yvelaze uaxloesi naTesavebi,
misTvis daxoca sayvareli Svilebi, usayvarlesi meuRle. ebraelebi mas
`ucxoels~ uwodebdnen, ukanonod mjdoms daviTis taxtze, axla ki viRac
yrmas, axladdabadebuls `iudevelTa mefes~ uwodeben, mas ki taxtze
mjdoms ararad Tvlian, mas, romelmac ebraelebs ganuaxla, ufro ki
xelaxla auSena Zvelze gacilebiT mdidruli, solomoniseulze ufro
keTilmowyobili taZari, iseTi arqiteqturuli saocreba, rom ambobdnen
`visac ar uxilavs herodeseuli taZari, man ar icis ra aris mSveniereba~.
auSena qalaqebi, gzebi da navsadgurebi. axla ki moxuc, avadmyof herodes
taxtis mocile gauCnda, Cvili axalSobili. ara, man uTuod unda gaigos
Tu sad daibada yrma da CamoiSoros. TviTon ambis momtani mogvebi ityvian
mis vinaobas, ramdenad sworia am misnebis cnoba? viTom marTla daibada
qriste anu iudevelTa mefe-mesia? amitomaco, wers maTe maxarebeli, herodem
- `Sekriba yvela mRvdelmTavari da xalxis mwignobarni da hkiTxa maT, sad
unda iSvas qriste? maT ki uTxres mas: iudeis beTlemSi, vinaidan asea
8
dawerili winaswarmetyvelis mier: `da Sen beTlemo, iudas miwav, arafriT
xar naklebi iudas mTavrebs Soris, vinaidan Sengan gamova winamZRoli,
romelic damwyemsavs Cems xalxs israels~.
maSin
herodem malulad daibara varskvlavTmricxvelebi, gamoiZia
varskvlavis gamoCenis dro da wargzavna isini beTlems da uTxra: wadiT
gulmodgined gamoikiTxeT im yrmis ambavi da roca ipoviT, SematyobineT,
rom mec mivide da Tayvani vce mas~ (maTe, 2: 4-8).
mogvebma beTlemSi inaxules ieso, Tayvani sces, Semdeg ki sizmrad
miiRes gafrTxileba – ar dabrunebuliyvnen herodesTan. sxva gziT wavidnen
TavianT qveyanaSi.
`Zalian ganrisxda herode, roca naxa, rom gaabaibures varskvlavTmricxvelebma, wargzavna da moakvlevina yoveli yrma ori wlisa da imaze
umcrosebi beTlemSi da mis mTel SemogarenSi, im drois mixedviT, rogorc
varskvlavTmricxvelTagan gamoiZia~ (maTe, 2:16).
beTlemsa da mis midamoebSi ToTxmeti aTasi yrma mouklavT, maT
Soris, herodes fiqriT iqneboda ieso qriste.
herode – erovnebiT ara ebraeli, aramed idumeveli iyo. aqamde, sul
aTiode
wlis
win
miaRebina
idumevelebs
aRmdgenelma ioahan hirkanma (Zv.w. 135-104) –
ebraelTa
saxelmwifos
iudevelTa sarwmunoeba,
romelmac ufro adre samarielebi daimorCila da gerizimis mTaze
aRmarTuli taZari daungria. hirkinis sisxliani STamomavloba marTavda
ebraelTa axlad aRdgenil saxelmwifos. makabelTa gmiruli suli
samagaliTo da xalxisaTvis saTayvano, saxelmwifos gaZlierebis Semdgom
daiSrita. omi taxtisaTvis
genealogia aseTia:
samoqalaqo
omSi
gadaizarda.
makabelTa
9
maTaTia
makabelTa
saojaxo
intrigebma
taxtisken
gza
gaukafa
antipatre
idumiels, gaqnilsa da cbier kacs, romelsac (romaelTa winaaRmdeg
ajanyebul aristobul II-is vaJebis damarcxebis Semdeg) iulius keisarma
uwyaloba prokuratoris wodeba. misi vaJi – herode romaelebma galileis
prefeqtad daniSnes. xolo roca dakninebuli makabelTa STamomavali,
aristobul II-is umcrosi Ze ajanyda da taxti daiWira, romma is meamboxed
gamoacxada, samefo taxtze uflebebi CamoarTva. ase dasrulda makabelTa
dinastiis asocdaaTwliani batonoba.
iudeas mefe – herode imdenad eWviani iyo taxtis kanonieri memkvidre
dinastiis, daviTis STamomavlobis mimarT, rom ar daindo TviT Tavisi
meuRle mariami, dedamisi da sakuTari Svilebi, romelTa ZarRvebSic
makabelTa sisxli
gardaicvala.
Cqefda.
Zv.
welTaRricxvis
4
wels
moxuci
herode
herodes gardacvalebamde, roca man beTlemel ymawvilTa daxocva
brZana, wmida ojaxi – iosebi, mariami da Cvili ieso, angelozis miTiTebiT
egviptisaken
gaemgzavrnen. mogvTaA Tayvaniscemis Semdeg `angelozi
ecxadeba sizmarSi iosebs da eubneba adeqi, waiyvane yrma da misi deda da
gaiqeci egviptes da iyavi iq vidre me getyode; vinaidan herodes surs mag
yrmis moZebna, raTa daRupos igi. igi wamodga, RamiT waiyvana yrma da misi
deda da wavida egviptes. iq iyo herodes sikvdilamde, raTa aRsruldes
uflis naTqvami winaswarmetyvelis mier, romelic ambobs: egviptidan
movuxme Zesa Cemsa~ (maTe, 2:14-15).
10
iqamde ki moses sjulis mixedviT, Cvils merve dRes uwodes saxeli
ieso, Tanaxmad angelozis sityvisa: `rogorc ki merve dRe Sesrulda misi
winadacvisaTvis daarqves mas saxeli ieso, angelozis mier darqmeuli
mucelSi Casaxvamde, xolo roca gasruldnen maTi ganwmendis dReni moses
sjulis mixedviT, Caiyvanes igi ierusalims, uflis winaSe warsdgnen.
rogorc uflis sjulSi sweria, yovel mamrobiTs, romelmac ganapos saSo,
wmida uflisa ewodos. da Seswiron msxverpli, rogorc uflis sjulSia
naTqvami, ori gvriti, an ori marTve mtredisa. da ai, iyo ierusalimSi kaci
saxelad
simoni, kaci marTali da RvTis moSiSi,
romelic moeloda
israelis nugeSiscemas da iyo maszeda suliwmida da suliwmidis
mier
hqonda nauwyebi, rom ar ixilavda sikvdils, vidre ar ixilavda uflis
cxebuls. da sulis STagonebiT mivida taZarSi da rodesac mSoblebma
miiyvanes yrma ieso, rom moqceodnen mas rjulis wesisamebr, man xelT
aiyvana yrma, adida RmerTi da warmoTqva: `aw ganuteve monai Seni, meufeo,
sityvisaebr Senisa mSvidobiT. rameTu ixiles TvalTa CemTa macxovrebai
Seni,
romel
ganumzade
winaSe
pirsa
yovlisa
erisasa,
naTeli
gamobrwyinvebad warmarTTa zeda da didebad erisa Senisa israelisa~. da
mis mamas da dedas ukvirdaT misis naTqvami: akurTxa simonma isini da
uTxra mariams, mis dedas: `aha, esera ese dgas dacemad da aRdginebad
mravalTaA israelsa Soris da saswaulad sityvis sagebelad da TviT
Sensaca sulsa ganvides maxvili, raTa gancxaddnen mravalTagan gulis
zraxvani~. iqve iyo ana winaswarmetyveli fenuelis asuli, aseris tomisagan,
Rrmad moxucebuli, Tavisi qalwulobis Semdeg Svid weliwads nacxovrebi
qmarTan. iyo daaxloebiT oTxmocdaoTxi wlis qvrivi, romelic ar
Sordeboda taZars, marxviT da vedrebiT emsaxureboda RamiT da dRisiT.
isic imave Jams iyo misuli da adidebda RmerTs da elaparakeboda mis
Sesaxeb yvelas, vinc gamosyidvas moeloda ierusalimSi~ (luka, 2:21:19).
simonma, romelic macxovris Sobamde ar unda momkvdariyo, Cvil
iesos uwoda `warmarTTa gasabrwyinvebeli simarTle~ (anu msoflios
yvela xalxisa da eris naTeli), da `Seni xalxis israelis sadidebeli~.
israelis qveS aq igulisxmeba rogorc Zveli aRTqmis ise axali aRTqmis
xalxi. moxucma simonma ganteveba, anu amqveyniuri cxovrebidan imqveyniurSi
gaSveba Txova Tavis ufals iesos. xolo mariams uwinaswarmetyvela
mwuxareba misi Svilis vnebisas. moxuci ana, romelmac icno macxovari,
ierusalimSi auwyebda am sixaruls yvels, ramac, mosaxleobaSi didi
gamoZaxili hpova.
yvela eloda mesias. xmam, Cans herodes yuramdec miaRwia da ufro
ganumtkicda
gadawyvetileba
amoexoca
Cvilebi.
mSoblebma
Cvili
iesosaTvis, rogorc iTqva aRasrules rjulis yoveli wesi. rac gviCvenebs,
rom qriste movida ara kanonebis dasarRvevead, aramed aRsasruleblad, anu
11
rogorc is ambobda - `Svenis Cvenda aRsrulebad yoveli simarTle~ (maTe,
3:15). riTac qristianebs aswavla sulieri winadacveTa, winadacveTa gulisa
da xorcieli grZnobebisa. amave dRes uwodes qristes ieso, rac qarTuli
formaa ebrauli saxelisa ieSua (niSnavs - `misi xsna aris iaRve~,
saxelidan - oSia anu osia - `xsna~ (ix. f. farar, ieso qristes cxovreba,
s. peterburgi, 1893, gv. 8-11).
ieSuadanaa Zveli qarTuli
forma – iesu. ebrauli - `mesia~ da
berZnuli `qriste~ aRniSnavda mis msaxurebas viTarca cxebuli winaswarmetyvelisa, mRvdelmTavarisa da mefisa. meormoce dRes, rogorc iTqva,
axalSobili,
qalwulma
mariamma
taZrad
miiyvana,
gansawmedad
da
RvTisaTvis misaZRvnelad. am dros Sesawiric iyo misatani. mariamma yvelaze
mokrZalebuli ZRveni miitana. magram mesia - Seucnobeli ar darCenila
moxucisaTvis.
sabednierod herode male gardaicvala da wmida ojaxs saSualeba
mieca egviptedan samSobloSi dabrunebisa. `herodes sikvdilis Semdeg ki, ai
egvipteSi iosebs, sizmarSi ecxadeba uflis angelozi da eubneba: adeqi,
waiyvane yrma da misi deda da wadi israelis qveyanaSi, vinaidan daixocnen,
romlebic yrmis suls eZeben. igi adga, waiyvana yrma da misi deda da mivida
israelis qveyanaSi. xolo roca moesma, rom mamamisis herodes nacvlad
arqelaosi mefobs iudeaSi, SeeSinda iq wasvla, magram sizmrad miiRo
gafrTxileba da wavida galileis mxareSi, mivida da dasaxlda nazareTad
wodebul qalaqSi, dae Sesruldes winaswarmetyvelis mier naTqvami, rom mas
daerqmeva `nazareveli~ (maTe, 2:19-23).
maSin ieso erTi wlis Tu iqneboda. nazareTSi gaatara man TiTqmis
mTeli cxovreba. mogzaurTa sityviT nazareTi da misi sanaxebi _ warmtaci
kuTxea wmida miwisa.
mcxovrebni _ lamazi,
gazafxulobiT is namdvili ayavebuli baRia,
warmosadegi, keTili adamianebi mxolod miwis
damuSavebiTaA da saqonlis mwyemsobiT ar iyvnen dakavebulni – galileaSi
ise,
rogorc
mTel
palestinaSi,
duRda
grZnobebi,
ocnebobdnen
Tavisuflebasa da oqros saukuneze. yvela ebraelma palestinis qveyanaSi
icoda, rom idga Jami mesiis mosvlisa, yvelas swamda winaswarmetyvelebani
amis Sesaxeb. xalxi Sepyrobili iyo am ideiT, suliTa da guliT CarTuli
am
sulier
moZraobaSi.
daiwyo
romaelTa,
ukanono
mmarTvelTa,
sawinaaRmdego amboxebebi,
jgufebi, romlebic Tavs
SeTqmulebani, Seiqmna bebuTian teroristTa
esxmodnen romaelebs, ar indobdnen maTTan
moTanamSromle iudevelebs. iudeasa da galileaSi xalxi mZvinvarebda. ase
iyo RvTis Sobidan mis gancxadebamde. amgvar garemoSi gaatara iesom
bavSvoba da siWabuke.
roca is iyo aTi wlisa galilea ajanyda vinme fanatikos iudas
meTaurobiT. man da misma mimdevrebma saTave daudes mebrZoli mesianizmis
12
partias. isini iyvnen anarqistebi religiuri saxis mqoneni. iuda uaryofda
raime
xelisuflebas
RvTis
erze
da
aRiarebda
mxolod
RvTis
xelisuflebas. Teokratiuli ideebiT aRtkinebulma brbom, romelic ukve
TiTqmis armiad qceuliyo, aiRo erTi qalaqi, xelT igdo iaraRi da fuli.
ajanyeba romaelebma CaaxSes. iuda miimala. magram galilevelebi ar
damSviddnen.
iosebis mSvidi ojaxi mdidari ar iyo. durgloba mxolod ojaxis
gamosakvebad iyo sakmarisi. Cans iesom pataraobidanve Seiswavla durgloba,
rac Cans markozis saxarebaSi roca galilevelebi amboben - `es xuro ar
aris, mariamis Ze, iakobisa da moses, iudasi da simonis Zma? aqve CvenTan ar
imyofebian Mmisi debi?~ (mark., 6:3)
iosebis apokrifSi naTqvamia, rom iosebs hyavda oTxi ufrosi Svili
da ramdenime qaliSvili wina qorwinebidan, rom ufrosi vaJebi _ iusti da
simoni da qalebi _ eTeri da Tamari saxlidan gasulebi iyvnen _ TavianTi
ojaxebi hqondaT Seqmnili. magram iuda da iakobi mariamTan da iesosTan
cxovrobdnen. aqve weria, rom patara ieso iosebs _ mamas, mariams ki dedas
uwodebda. is iyo gamgoni da arasodes ewinaaRmdegeboda, mudam emorCileboda maT. ar ganurisxebia, uxeSad arasodes upasuxnia maTTvis. piriqiT
efereboda, ealerseboda usazRvro siyvaruliT: `viTarca Tvalis Cins Tavs
vevlebodi maTo~_ wers iesos piriT avtori.
meore
ufro
gavrcelebuli
TvalsazrisiT
`uflis
Zmebi~
sinamdvileSi misi deidaSvilebi iyvnen. mariamis da, romelsac aseve mariami
erqva, rogorc fiqroben miTxovili iyo alfes anu kleopas da isini iyvnen
maTi Svilebi, isini Semdgom eklesiis svetebad iqcnen.
Cveni macxovari, romelic yovelmxriv Cveni msgavsi
iyo
Tavisi
kacobrivi saxiT, siyrmidanve Cans, iseve swavlobda, rogorc sxva misi
Tanatolebi. pirveldawyebiTi ganaTleba iesom uTuod saxlSi miiRo,
rogorc amas kanoni moiTxovda _ `aswavleT Tqvens Svilebs, elaparakeT
amaze Sin yofnisas da gzaze svlisas, dawolisas da adgomisas~ (meore,
11:19). saerTod iudeveli ymawvilebi sinagogasTan arsebul skolaSi
swavlobdnen wmida werils, wes-Cveulebebs, TviT sinagogaSi locvis
dReebSi ismendnen moxucTagan sjulis kanonebsa Tu winaswarmetyvelebas.
saerTod ebraelebi maRali ganaTlebiT sruliad gamoirCeodnen
sxvaTagan. tyveobidan dabrunebisTanave ezram Zv.w. 450 wels Seqmna
ganswavlul
kacTa
didi
sakrebulo-sasuliero
akademia
moswavle
axalgazrdebis didi ricxviT. dakanonebuli iyo Toris kiTxvis sataZro
wesi. Toris kiTxvis dRed, SabaTisa da dResaswaulebis garda daakanones
orSabaTi da xuTSabaTi. swavlulTa sakrebulo pirvel yovlisa wmida
wignebis
ganmmartebeli
iyo.
saerTod
sarwmunoebrivi
codnis
ganmamatkicebelni iyvnen winaswarmetyvelni _ isini maswavleblebi iyvnen
13
imavdroulad, da xSirad RvTismsaxurebis ritualsa da ceremonialze win
ayenebdnen
adamianTa
samarTlianobas,
RvTis
erTgulebas,
sikeTes,
gulmowyalebas, zneobriv siwmides, patiosnebas yoveli iudevelisas.
pirvelqristianuli eklesiis zogierTi did moRvawe, magaliTad pavle
mociquli cnobili gamalielis, sinedrionis meTauris, mowafed iTvleboda.
es iyo SviliSvili cnobili didad ganswavluli kacisa _ hilelisa,
romelmac daaarsa Tavisi skola iudevelTa rjulis swavlebisa. (am
skolis sapirispiro mimarTulebisa iyo Samais mier Seqmnili skola).
galileaSi ieso `izrdeboda, mtkicdeboda suliT da ivseboda sibrZniT~
(luka, 2:40)
wminda saxareba TiTqmis arafers gvamcnobs qristes yrmobis Sesaxeb,
mxolod luka maxarebelma Semogvinaxa erTi saintereso epizodi
bavSvobidan.
misi
iesos
mSoblebi,
rogorc
sxva
keTilmorwmune
iudevelebi,
dResaswaulis dReebSi dadiodnen ierusalimSi. erTxel paseqamde mcire
xniT adre, sxva mlocvelebTan erTad wavidnen wmida qalaqSi iosebi da
mariami, maTTan erTad iyo RmerTis madliT savse yrma ieso `Tormeti
wlisa rom gaxda maSin amovidnen ierusalimSi dResaswaulis Ceeulebis
mixedviT. roca dResaswaulis damTavrebis Semdeg isini dabrundnen, yrma
ieso darCa ierusalimSi, xolo iosebma da dedamisma ar icodnen. egonaT
mogzaurTa Soris ariso. erTi dRis gza rom gaiares, maSin dauwyes Zebna
naTesavebsa da nacnobebs Soris. da rom ver ipoves igi dabrundnen
ierusalimSi da eZebdnen mas. sami dRis Semdeg ipoves taZarSi, mjdomi
moZRvarTa Soris, usmenda da ekiTxeboda maT. yovel mis msmenels aocebda
misi goneba da pasuxi. rom dainaxes igi gaukvirdaT da dedamisma uTxra
mas: es ra gviyavi Svilo? ai mamaSeni da me guldamwuxrebulebi geZebdiT.
man uTxra maT: `da ras meZebdiT me? ar uwyiT rameTu mamisa Cemisa Tana
jer-ars Cemi yofa? (luka, 2:42-49).
gancxadeba uflisa
maxareblebi arafers gviamboben Cveni
garegnobis Sesaxeb, magram monaTxrobidan
macxovris
Cans, rom
ieso
misi
qristes
ier-saxe
adamianebze ganumeorebel STabeWdilebas tovebda. sakmarisia gavixsenoT
did gandegili ioane naTlismcemeli, romelic Tavisi cxovrebis wesiT
xazgasmiT miuTiTebda, rom ar esaWiroeboda adamianebisagan miRebuli
araviTari amqveyniuri sikeTe, sakvebi Tu tansacmeli, gamoCenil pirebs
uSiSrad ganikiTxavda, ganurCevlad yvelas gawmedisaken mouwodebda da is
SexedvisTanave damatyveveblad moixibla qristes sazeimo didebulebiT.
14
qristem elviseburad daisakuTra Tavisi momavali mowafeebis guli. iyo
raRac mSveniereba mis saxesa, gamoxedvasa da xmaSi, romelic mtrebsac ki
aiZulebda misTvis mowiwebiT miemarTaT. dasaWerad misuli taZris
mcvelebi misiT moixiblnen,
TanagrZnoba da pativiscema.
pilates
SeiZleba iTqvas qristeTi
adamiani, romelmac gabedulad
ki
misma
garegnobam
aRuZra
moxibluli pilate iyo erTaderTi
aRiara
brbosa
da sinedrionis
aRSfoTebuli wevrebis winaSe iesos udanaSauloba, ramdenjerme
gadarCenac scada. pilates meuRle qristes mimdevaric ki gaxda.
aRsaniSnavia, rom
samyarosTan akavSirebda.
misi
mose xorenaci pontoel pilates qarTul
kerZod, misi sityviT qarTvelTa mTavari da
pilates mama modaveni yofilan qveynis sammarTvelo saqmeSi.
miTridate - qarTvelTa mTavari, pontoeli pilates mamas mouwamlavs
_ pompeus didis brZanebiT _ `rac Seexeba pompeusso _ wers mexuTe
saukunis istorikosi Zvel wyaroebze dayrdnobiT _ igi SeebrZola
miTridates, romelmac sastiki winaaRmdegoba gauwia mas, gaumarTa ficxeli
brZola da didi safrTxec Seuqmna, magram ricxvmravlobam Tavisi gaitana
da damarcxebuli miTridate gaiqca pontos mxareebSi. rogorc ki misgan
moisvena pompeusma, rasac arc eloda, aiRo qalaqi maJaqi da Seipyro
miTridate, Ze miTridatisa, qalaqSi ki jari Caayena. merme igi miTridates
ki ar dadevnebia, aramed saswrafod gaeSura uriastanisaken asureTis
gavliT. miTridate ki pilate pontoelis mamas moawamvlina. amas iosebic
gvauwyebs balzamis Sesaxeb saubrisas, igi ambobs: `pompeuss eriqovTan
axara macnem miTridates daRupva~ (movses xorenaci, somxeTis istoria, 1984,
gv. 115).
xorenaci TiTqosda miTridate pontoelisa
da pompeusis ambavs
gadmogvcems, magram is miTridates qarTvelTa istoriul mTavars uwodebs,
im wyaros mixedviT, romelic erT pirveli saukunis istorikoss moupovebia
nineviis saxelganTqmul arqividan gamotanil sabuTebSi: parTiis mefis Zmam
saqarTveloSi anu `kavkasiis mTis mopirdapire mxares CrdiloeTis
ganmgeblad daadgina didi da Zlevamosili gvari, romlis ufalT
gugarelTa
(dariosis)
pitiaxSebi daerqvaT. isini STamomavalni iyvnen darehis
naxararis miTridatisa, romelic wamoiyvana aleqsandrem
(makedonelma) da mTavrad dausva nabuqodonosoris mier tyved moyvanil
iverielTa modgmas~ (iqve, gv.107); Semdgom tigran didis mama danaTesavebia
iverielTa erTerT miTridatian mTavars, miuTxovebia misTvis Tavisi asuli
da Tavisi vrceli samflobelodan iveriis qveynis gareT samarTavad
gadaucia pontos qveyana _ `pontos zRvis gamgebloba~. Semdgom, pompeusis
laSqrobisas,
roca
is
iudeaSi
aristubolis
winaaRmdeg
moadga
ierusalimis kedlebs, pontoeli pilates mamas mouklavs miTridat III,
15
qarTvelTa
mTavari.
xorenacis
sityviT
pompeuss
jer
pontos
mTavari
qalaqi maJaqi (iqve cnobili mazaka) auRia da miTridates Ze Seupyria, da
Semdeg saswrafod wasula `uriastanisaken~ asureTis gavliT~. anu iudeaSi
– siriis gavliT.
pompeusis mier israelis axladaRorZinebuli saxelmwifos ngrevis
dawyebam, iudevelTa Soris kidev ufro gaaRviva mesianizmad cnobili
moZraoba. pompeusis laSqrobis Semdeg iudea romis imperiis provinciad
iqca. iudeas saxelmwifos pompeusma CamoarTva axladmierTebuli miwebi,
Seamcira misi sazRvrebi da qveyanas didi kontribucia daado. romaelebma
TavisuflebisaTvis mebrZol makabelTa STamomavalT dautoves moCvenebiTi
Zalaufleba, oci wlis Semdeg ki romaelebma mefis tituli idumeel
herodes gadasces. herodes, didad wodebulis dros saxalxo ajanyebebi
daiwyo, Tu xasmonelebs kidev itandnen ebraelebi, viTarca daviTis
STamomavlebs, romaelTa mier dayenebuli herode _ mefis xarisxiT maTTvis
mouTmeneli iyo. gamoCndnen mojanyeni, romelnic TavianT Tavs mesiad
acxadebdnen, maTi mimdevrebi did areulobas iwvevdnen. ebraelTa qveyanaSi
sayovelTao gaxda mistikuri ideebi da daZabuli molodini RvTis samefos
moaxloebisa. unda gamoCeniliyo kaci, romelic gamefdeboda ara marto
israelSi, aramed ixsnida msoflios. msoflios yvela eri movidoda mis
Tayvanissacemad. dedamiwaze moispoboda Seviwroeba da usamarTloba, aRar
iqneboda sikvdili, cremli da mwuxareba. WeSmariteba gamoCndeboda
viTarca mze. momlodineTaTvis romis imperia
romelsac daecemoda momavali mesiis maxvili.
warmoisaxeboda
mxecad,
mojanyeni Tavs esxmodnen romaelebs da maT momxreebs. gansakuTrebiT
gaaRiziana mosaxleoba pilate pontoelma, romelic ar icnobda xalxs, mis
fsiqologias, Cveulebebs da tradiciebs. ar icnobda qveyanas. Zalze
aRaSfoTa ierusalimi misma moqmedebam. ebraelebi kerpTayvanismcemlobad
da RvTis Seuracxyofad miiCnevdnen qandakebebs, portretebs, romis
saimperio niSnebs – arwivebs. iudaizmi krZalavda adamianis yovelgvar
gamosaxulebas. pilates razmebi ki ierusalimSi Sevidnen arwivis
gamosaxulebebiT, imperiis niSnebiT, imperatoris portretebiT, rac
iudevelTa mier miCneuli iqna taZris da moses moZRvrebis aSkara
Seuracxyofad, ramac didad aRaSfoTa isini. Seikriba asi aTasze meti kaci
da maT uiaraRod gezi aiRes kesariisaken _ pilates samyofelisaken,
ierusalimidan 120 kilometriT daSorebuli qalaqisaken. fanatikosTa masam
alya Semoartya prokuraturis
rezidencias da kategoriulad moiTxova
dauyonebliv moeSorebinaT imperiis niSnebi da imperatoris portretebi
wmida qalaqidan. xuTi dRe gagrZelda alya, bolos pilatem legionerebs
ubrZana xmali aRemarTaT mojanyeTa dasasjelad, magram asociaTasma kacma
morCilad miuSvira xmals Tavisi qedi, muxlmoyrili da sikvdilisaTvis
16
Tavdadebuli adamianebis uzomo raodenobam gaaogna pilate. xangrZlivi
dumilis Semdeg pilatem daiTxova legionerebi, ebraelebs ki aRuTqva
moTxovnis aRsruleba.
pilates, berZnuli civilizaciiT, antikuri religiiT aRzrdils, ar
SeiZleboda aziuri, veluri fanatizmis gamovlenad ar mieCnia iudevelTa
mgznebare sarwmunoeba, romauli samyaros grandiozulma sulierma
krizisma antikuri religiis gavlena Zalze Seamcira. miTebi, romlebsac
berZnuli RmerTebis Sesaxeb hyvebodnen da romelnic, Semdgom romaul
RmerTebze gadavidnen, mxolod dacinvas iwvevdnen. yvelaze cnobili
adamianebi sarwmunoebas mxolod wesrigis misaRwev saSualebad Tvlidnen.
urwmunoeba samarcxvinod ar miiCneoda, warmoiSva skepticizmi da aTeizmi.
filosofiuri
azri
mivida
dacemamde,
`filosofosebs~
uwodebdnen, romlebic sofistebis brbos aTrobdnen.
oratorebs
religiuri da filosofiuri idealebis imedgacruebam gamoiwvia
sazogadoebrivi zneobriobis moSlac, magram zneobis dacema imavdroulad
iwvevda ltolvas ganwmendisaken. amitomac romaelebi ufro da ufro
interesiT epyrobodnen aRmosavleTidan Semosul kultebs, romlebic
Zalze gavrcelda. egvipturi da aziuri RvTaebebi daiZrnen romisaken.
wyurvili sulieri samyaros Secnobisa, masTan urTierTobisa romis
imperiis dasavleTis mxareebisaken avrcelebda sparsul mazdeanizms,
romelsac materia - borotebis saTaved miaCnda, misgan ganwmendas
moiTxovda. bunebis Secnoba da codnis gaRrmaveba _ gadarCenis saSualebad
miaCnda berZnul da romaul filosofias. bednierebisa da kmayofilebis
miRwevas qadagebdnen epikurelebi. iudevelebis swavlebiT ki erTi uxilavi
RmerTis Tayvaniscema da sjulis dacva yvelaze umTavresi iyo. romauli
samyaro grZnobda Tavis zneobrivi dacemis xarisxs, surda ganaxleba.
piridan pirSi gadaicemoda aRmosavluri winaswarmetyveleba. dadioda
xmebi, rom iudeidan gamovidoda viRac msoflios dasamorCileblad
(tacitusi, istoria 5.13, a. bogoliubovi, Ze kacisa. gv. 30-32).
es rwmena mesiis mosvlisa romaul samyaroSi iudeidan iyo
gavrcelebuli, sadac yvelgan gabatonebuli iyo molodini `didebiT
momavali mesiisa~, romelsac axali samefo unda Seeqmna.
mesiis molodini gansakuTrebiT gaRvivebuli iyo
farisevelTa
partiaSi. farisevlebi kanonis medgar damcvelebad Tvlidnen TavianT Tavs.
partia siriis uRlisagan qveynis gaTavisuflebasa da makabelTa dinastiis
aRzevebisas warmoiSva. isini opoziciaSi edgnen samefo saxls. samefo
xelisuflebas
itandnen
imdenad,
ramdenadac
mesia
mefe
daviTis
STamomavlobaSi
unda
warmoSobiliyo.
maT
wreSi
iqmneboda
winaswarmetyveluri wignebi mSvidobisa
da samarTlianobis samefos
momavali dasawyisis Sesaxeb. farisevelebTan erTad mwignobrebi _ kanonis
17
ganmmarteblebi
da
aseve
moZRvrebi
(rabinebi)
suliskveTebiT kvebavdnen xalxs.
sadukevelebisagan
_
imqveyniuri
_
samyaros,
mesiis
molodinis
sulis
ukvdavebis
uarmyofelebisagan, gansxvavebiT esevelebi umTavresad zrunavdnen sulieri
ganwmendisaTvis. isini gandegilad cxovrobdnen udabnoSi, sul oTxi aTas
kacamde, mZafrad swamdaT mesiis mosvla. farisevelTa msgavsad gulamde ar
iRebdnen xasmonelTa dinastias. monawileobdnen ajanyebebSic. esevelebi
udabnoSi naxevrad monazvnurad cxovrobdnen, mTlianad gandgomodnen
miwier cxovrebas, iyvnen mkurnalni, ganmbanelni da fiqrobdnen xorcieli
ganwmendiT sulier srulyofas. isini mkvdari zRvis maxloblad, iordaniis
gadaRma cxovrobdnen. amuSavebdnen miwas, Tavisufal dros mTlianad
RmerTs uTmobdnen, uaryves piradi sakuTreba, ojaxi, Zaladobisadmi
winaaRmdegobis gaweva, hqondaT saerTo qoneba da saWmel-sasmeli, Zalze
mwiri. mtkiced icavdnen SabaTs, tansacmeli hqondaT uxeSi naWrisa,
dResaswaulis dReebSi ki TeTrebSi imosebodnen. da ai, iordanis wyals
moadga naTlismRemeli, siyrmidanve udabnoSi locviTa da marxviT
mcxovrebi kaci. mis mosasmenad SiSvel kldeTa Soris unayofo gadamwvar,
veluri mxecebiT savse udabnosaken uwyvetad modiodnen adamianebi, maT arc
ioanes garegnoba, moSvebuli Tma-wveri, aqlemis TmiT damzadebuli
tansacmeli afrTxobdaT, piriqiT usmendnen mas, inaniebdnen codvebs da
inaTlebodnen misi xeliT iordanes wyliT.
ioane mesiis Sesaxeb qadagebda. swored amitom modioda xalxi mis
mosasmenad. ucnauri da mimzidveli maTTvis iyo is, rom ioane ar acxadebda
Tavis Tavis mesias _ im dros sxva mraval moqadageTa darad, romlebic
Cndebodnen da ukvalod qrebodnen _ arao, ambobda is, me ara Tu mesia,
mesiis fexsacmelis Tasmebis gaxsnis Rirsic ki ara varo. gansakuTrebiT ki
xalxs izidavda is, rom ioane Tavis Tavs mesiis winamorbeds uwodebda:
mesiis mosvlis dro dgebao, Cems ukan modis, magram is win wava, radgan
Cemze uwin iyo. ioane amowmebda sinaTlis (mesiis) Sesaxeb. “igi movida
dasamowmeblad, raTa daemowmebina sinaTlis Sesaxeb, rom yvelas erwmuna
misi meSveobiT. igi ar iyo sinaTle, aramed movida raTa daemowmebina
sinaTlis Sesaxeb~. (ioane 1:7-8), xolo
qveynierebaze momsvlel yovel adamians.
WeSmariti
sinaTle
gaunaTebs
`da
ai,
mowmoba
ioanesi,
rodesac
iudeevlebma
gaugzavnes
ierusalimidan mRvdelni da levitelni, rom ekiTxaT misTvis _ vin xar
Sen? man aRiara: me ara var qriste. da hkiTxes mas: maS ra? ilia xar? man
Tqva: ara var. winaswarmetyveli xar? man upasuxa: ara. maSin uTxres mas: vin
xar, rom pasuxi gavceT Cvens warmomgzavnelT: ras ityvi Sens Sesaxeb?~
Semdeg ki SeekiTxnen _ maS ratomRa naTlav Tu arc qriste xar, arc ilia
da arc winaswarmetyveli? miugo ioanem pasuxad: me vnaTlav wyalSi, magram
18
Tqvens Soris dgas, visac ar icnobT: vinc Cems Semdgom modis (romelic
Cemze winadaa), romlis sandlis Tasmis gaxsnis Rirsic ara var~ (ioane, 1:2527).
maxareblebi ioanes Sesaxeb weren rom is qadagebda sinanulis
naTliscemas codvaTa misateveblad, rogorc esaia winaswarmetyvelis
sityvaTa wignSia dawerili: `xma mRaRadeblisa udabnoSi~. `ganumzadeT gza
ufals, moasworeT misi bilikebi~ (luka, 3: 4-5)
mesiis mosvlisas yvela xorcieli ixilavda RmerTisagan gadarCenas.
xalxi,
ierusalimidan,
mTeli
iudeidan
da
iordanes Semogarenis
soflebidan modioda
aRiarebda codvebs.
`roca
fariseveli
ioanesTan
ioanem dainaxa
da sadukeveli
da
inaTleboda
misgan
iordaneSi,
misken mosanaTlavad momavali mravali
da uTxra maT: `iqedneTa naSobno, vin
STagagonaT momavali risxvisagan gaqceva? maSin SeqmeniT monaniebis Rirsi
nayofi~ (maTe, 3:6-8).
RvTisagan
rCeuli
eris
Svilebi
amayobdnen
Tavisi
maRali
warmoSobiT, iudevelebi dajerebulni iyvnen, rom mesia yvela xalxTa
Soris maT gamoarCevda da sxvaze aamaRlebda. am Sexedulebas ioane
abaTilebda. RmerTi, romelmac adami miwidan Seqmna, SemZlea iordanes
napiris qvebidanac aRudginos Svilebis abraams. ara warmoSobiT, aramed
keTili nayofiT gadarCeba adamiani _ `culic ukve devs xeTa fesvTan,
yovel xes, romelic keTil nayofs ar moisxams, moWrian da cecxlSi
Caagdeben (maTe, 3:10).
ioane naTlavda wyliT da ambobda _ `Cems Semdeg momavali Cemze
Zlieria, romlis sandlis tarebis Rirsic ara var. is mognaTlavT Tqven
suliwmindiT da cecxliT. misi niCabi mis xelSi aris. is gawmends Tavis
kalos, beRelSi moagrovebs Tavis xorbals, xolo bzes dawvavs
Cauqrobeli cecxliT~. (maTe, 3:11-12)
ioanes qadagebis ori mTavari
sagani
iyo
sinanuli
da
caTa
sasufeveli. ambobda: `moinanieT, vinaidan moaxlebulia sasufeveli caTa~
anu zeciuri samefo.
ioane naTlismcemelis Sesaxeb winaswar iyo naTqvami, rom mis mama
zaqariasa da deda elisabeds, samRvdeloTa STamomavlebs, uflis
angelozis mier exaraT ioanes momavali Soba: is `suliwmidiT aRivseba
dedamisis muclidanve, da mraval Zes israelisas moaqcevs uflisaken, maTi
RmerTisaken. da is ivlis mis winaSe ilias suliT da ZaliT, rom moaqcios
mamaTa gulni Svilebis mimarT, xolo urCni marTalTa gonebaze da
warudginos ufals momzadebuli xalxi~ (luka, 1:15-17).
ioanem uflis moaxloeba jer kidev dedis mucelSive igrZno, rogorc
amas maxarebeli gvauwyebs. roca mariami, deda iesosi da elisabedi –
19
ioanes deda erTmaneTs Sexvdnen, `rogorc ki elisabedma mariamis misalmeba
moismina yrma SeuTamaSda mucelSi da aRivso elisabedi suliwmidiT,
daiZaxa xmamaRla da Tqva: kurTxeul xar Sen dedaTa Soris da kurTxeulia
Seni muclis nayofi da saidan es Cemda, rom Cemi uflis deda movida
CemTan? vinaidan roca Seni mosalmebis xma movida Cems yurTan, sixaruliT
SeTamaSda yrma Cems mucelSi~ (luka, 1:41-44).
gavida amis Semdeg ocdaaTi weli
da
ai,
iordanes
napirTan
macxovaris danaxvisas kvlav SeiZra ioane, myisve icno is, ixila misken
momavali ieso da Tqva: `ai, RmerTis kravi, romelic iRebs qveynierebis
codvas.
es aris, romlis Sesaxebac vTqvi: Cems Semdeg modis kaci, romelic
Cemze wina gaxda, vinaidan Cemze uwin iyo. me ar vicnobdi mas, magram imitom
movedi wyalSi sanaTlavad, rom is gamoecxados israels~.
mowmobda ioane da ambobda: me vixile cidan mtrediviT gardmomavali
suli da darCa masze.
`me ar vicnobdi mas, magram vinc warmomgzavna wyalSi sanaTlavad, man
miTxra: romelzec dainaxo suli gardmomavali da masze darCenili, is
aris suli wmidiT naTlismcemeli. me davinaxe da davamowme, rom es aris Ze
RmerTisa~ (ioane, 1:29-34).
maTe maxarebeli dawvrilebiT aRwers: `maSin ieso movida galileidan
iordanes ioanesTan, raTa mis mier monaTluliyo. xolo ioane winaRudga
da uTxra: me vsaWiroeb Sengan monaTvlas. Sen ki CemTan modixar? magram
iesom miugo pasuxad: dae axla, vinaidan ase gvmarTebs Cven yoveli
samarTlianobis aRsruleba. maSin ioanem miuSva igi. da monaTluli ieso
maSinve amovida wylidan da, ai, gaixsnen cani da ixila RmerTis suli
mtrediviT gardmomavali. masze eSveboda. da, ai, xma cidan metyveli: es
aris Cemi sayvareli Ze, romelSic Cemi saTnoebaa~ (maTe, 3:13-17).
saerTod ebadebaT kiTxva, ratom ineba macxovarma naTlisReba
ioanesgan, iseve rogorc naTlismcemeli SeekiTxa ufals - `me unda
vinaTlebode Sengan da Sen moxvedi CemTan?~ iesos pasuxSi, romelic misi
sazogadoebrivi msaxurebisas warmoTqmuli pirveli sityvaa, naTqvamia:
`axla ase iyos, rameTu ase gvmarTebs samarTlianobis aRsruleba~. saWiro
iyo yovelgvari moTxovnis Sesruleba, romelsac RvTis neba uCvenebda (fs.
39:7,8 ix. f.farar. ieso qristes cxovreba, gv. 67).
wyalSi Sesuli ieso
loculobda. dadga Jami misi mesianuri msaxurebis kurTxevisa. ioane
uyveboda Semdgom mowafeebs, rom am locvisas man ixila daSvebuli suli
da gaigona xma momavali zecidan: `me vixile cidan mtrediviT
gardmomavali suli da darCa masze~ (ioane, 1:32).
naTlobisTanave iesom datova iordanes sanapiro da wavida mkvdari
zRvis udabnos siRrmeSi _ `sulma waiyvana udabnoSi. ormoc dRes cdida
20
mas eSmaki da araferi uWamia im dReebSi, da maTi dasrulebis Semdgom
moSivda: da uTxra eSmakma: Tu Ze RmrTisa xar, uTxari am qvas, rom purad
iqces. uTxra mas iesom pasuxad dawerilia, rom ara puriTa erTiTaA
icocxlebs kaci, aramed RvTis yoveli sityviT~ (luka, 46:1-4).
udabnoSi ineba iesom ganmartoveba, raTa kidev erTxel ganesaja
Tavisi didi saqme adamianTa xsnisa. aq satanam warudgina mas Tavisi xerxebi
kacobriobis gadarCenisa~. pirveli gziT adamianebs yuradReba unda
miepyroT `qveyniuri keTildReobisaTvis: `aqcie es qvebi
gamokvebe xalxi~, razedac satanam miiRo Sesabamisi pasuxi.
purebad
da
meorejer macdurma qristes SesTavaza amqveyniuri Zalaufleba da
dideba. dideba da Zalaufleba `vinaidan me maqvs gadmocemuli, visac minda
imas vaZlev. hoda Tu Tayvansa mcem Seni iqneba yovelive, miugo iesom
pasuxad: dawerilia: ufals Sens RmerTs eci Tayvani da mxolod mas
emsaxure~ (luka, 4:7-9).
amiT iesom uaryo gza ZaladobiT qveynis flobisa. mesame gza, rac
macdurma
iesos
SesTavaza,
iyo
efeqturi
saswauliT
zemoqmedeba
adamianebze. am gzas mravali cru mistikosi gahyva, magram qristem uaryo
da ase upasuxa mas: `naTqvamia, ar gamoscado ufali RmerTi Seni. iesom
ganvlo yvela gansacdeli da `eSmaki dromde ganSorda mas~ (luka, 4:12-13).
ieso gaemgzavra ukanve, iordanes sanapirosaken, sadac qadagebda
ioane. roca winaswarmetyvelma dainaxa qriste, gamoicno is gza, romelzec
udabnoSi fiqrobda ieso da ganacxada_ `ai RmerTis kravi, romelic iRebs
qveynierebis codvas~ (ioane, 1:29).
TviTSewirva adamianebisaTvis aseTia gadawyvetileba. male iesos
vxedavT mowafeebTan erTad iordanes napirze, sadac is ioanes msgavsad
qadagebs RvTis sasufevelis moaxloebaze. ioane naTlismcemelis orma
mowafem gaigona naTqvami _ `ai, RmerTis kravi~ da gahyvnen iesos. erTi
maTgani yofila _ andria pirvelwodebuli, saqarTvelos ganmanaTlebeli,
Zma petre mociqulisa, anu rogorc iqamde erqva simonisa. andriam mouwoda
Tavis Zmas gahyoloda iesos _ `man pirvelma ipova Tvisi Zma simoni da
uTxra: Cven vipoveT mesia, romlis Targmani niSnavs qriste. miiyvana igi
iesosTan. Sexeda mas iesom da uTxra Sen xar simoni, ioanes Ze, amieridan
Sen gerqmeba kefa, romlis Targmani niSnavs – klde~ (ioane, 1:41,42).
aTasi wlis Semdegac ki Rirsi mama giorgi mTawmindeli ixsenebda am
faqts da masze dayrdnobiT `mwodeblis~ _ andria porvelwodebulis mier
daarsebuli qarTuli eklesiis Rirsebas aTanabrebda _ `wodebulis~ petre
mociqulis mier
daarsebul antioqiis sapatriarqosTan. im pirvel ors
Soris iyo ioane, Semdgom RvTismetyvelad wodebuli, iesos sayvareli
mowafe.
21
meore dRes iesom `ipova filipe~, romelic beTsaididan-andrias da
petres qalaqidan iyo. `filipem ipova naTanaeli da uTxra: Cven vipoveT is,
vis Sesaxebac werda moses sjuli da winaswarmetyvelni, ieso, iosebis Ze,
nazareTidan (ioane, 1:45).
iesom uTxra Tavis mowafeebs _ `amieridan ixilavT gaxsnil cas da
RmerTis angelozebs, Zes kacisaze aRmavlebs da Camavlebs~ (ioane, 1:51)
maTes Tanaxmad meTevze Zmebi simon da andria macxovars galileis
zRvasTan daunaxavs, roca bades isrodnen da uTqvams maTTvis: `momyeviT me
da adamianTa mebadurebad gaqcevT. maT myisve miatoves badeebi da gahyvnen
mas” (maTe, 4:19).
Semdgom ki kvlav ori Zma daumowafebia _ zebedes Zeebi _ iakobi da
ioane _mebadurebi _ `maT myisve miatoves navic da TavianTi mamac da
gahyvnen mas~ (maTe, 4:22).
markozis sityviT _ iesos iordanes napirebi miutovebia ioane
naTlismcemlis herodes mier Sepyrobis Semdeg, ieso galileis qalaqebsa
da soflebSi qadagebda sasufevlis
kurnavda yovelgvar sens, moyavdaT
saxarebas, aswavlida sinagogaSi,
masTan uZlurebi, sneulebi da
satanjveliT Sepyrobilni, mTvareulni da davrdomilni, misi ambavi moedo
maxlobel qveynebsa da kuTxeebs. siriidan, iudeidan, ierusalimidan,
aTqalaqidan mis mosasmenad
erTad dayvebodnen mas.
da
sanaxavad
Camosulni,
galilevelebTan
misi Sinagani simSvide da harmonia, mudmivi gawonasworebuloba,
ubraloeba, seriozuloba, sibrZne xiblavda adamianebs. iesos yvelgan
sixaruli Sehqonda, misTvis ucxo iyo qveynis uarmyofelobis sificxe,
avadmyof-egzaltirebuli
mowodebani,
uyvarda
bavSvebi,
yvavilebi,
akurTxebda sicocxles da ambobdnen mis Sesaxeb `ai kaci romelsac uyvars
Wama da Rvinis sma~. amiT TiTqmis saqveynod gamohqonda farisevelTa
moCvenebiTi, garegnuli “siwmide”, romlebic gansakuTrebul RvTismosaobis
niSnad miiCnevdnen ritualuri qmedebebis gawelvasa da gabervas, uadgilo
TavSekavebasa da Cvevebs, romlebsac xSirad TviTonve uCumrad arRvevdnen,
xalxs ki mis Sesrulebas avaldebulebdnen.
iesom pirveli saswauliT gaaxara axladSeuRlebulni da maTi
naTesavebi, roca is da misi mowafeebi galileis qalaq kanaSi miiwvies
qorwilSi, iesos dedac iq iyo. moxda ise, rom Rvino SemoakldaT. mariamma
es amcno Svils `iesom uTxra mas: ra ginda Cemgan dedakaco? Cemi Jami jer
ar damdgara”. dedamisma uTxra “msaxurebs gaakeTeT yvelaferi rasac es
getyviT~ (ioane 2:5). msaxurebma iesos sityviT aavses WurWlebi wyliT,
romelic Rvinos iqca. `ase daiwyo iesom saswaulebis moxdena galileis
kanaSi da gamoavlina Tavisi dideba. irwmunes misma mowafeebma~. (ioane, 2:11).
22
farisevluri
RvTismosaobis
gmobad
miiCnies
iesos
moqmedebani
ierusalimSi, romelic RvTismetyvelTa azriT 28 wels Semdgara.
iudevelTa didi dResaswaulis dros ieso yovelTvis
midioda
ierusalimSi, rogorc amas moiTxovda sjuli. ierusalimis qalaqi taZriT
cxovrobda. didebuli taZari milionobiT ebraelisa da sxvadasxva
erovnebis iudevelTa sarwmunoebriv simbolos, iudeuri religiis msoflio
centrs warmoadgenda. amis gamo dResaswaulis dReebSi qalaqi savse iyo
mlocvelebiTa
da mqadageblebiT, mravlad iyvnen vaWrebi, zogi maTgani
sovdagrobda, zogi samsxverplo cxovelebs hyidda, iyvnen meduqneni, taZris
Ria stoebsa da galereebSi edgaT magidebi fulis damxurdaveblebs
(paseqamde mRvdlebi krefdnen yoveli israelelisagan sataZro gadasaxads).
ioane maxarebeli wers - `axlovdeboda iudevelTa paseqi da ieso avida
ierusalims. naxa taZarSi xarebis, cxvrebis da mtredebis gamyidvelni da
mekermeni msxdomare. gaakeTa sablis Solti da gamoreka taZridan yvela,
agreTve xarebi da cxvrebic, fulis gadamcvlelebs fuli daubnia da
magidebi auyirava. mtredebis gamyidvelebs uTxra: `gaiyvaneT eseni aqedan
da mamaCemis saxls nu gaxdiT savaWro saxlad~ (ioane 2:13-17).
iesos,
xalxisaTvis
sayvareli moZRvris moqmedebam
SeaSfoTa
ierusalimeli rabinebi, radganac is maTeburad ar aswavlida, uaryofda
Zvel Cveulebebs, ar icavda marxvebs. sarwmunoebis medgari damcvelebi
asketurad mcxovrebi ioane naTlismcemelis mowafeebi gakvirvebulni
iyvnen. gansakuTrebul aRSfoTebas iwvevda SabaTs avadmyofTa gankurneba,
rac SabaTis darRvevad miaCndaT. xolo iesos mier codvaTa mitevebas _
gaugonar mkrexelobad Tvlidnen. `mwignobrebma da farisevlebma iwyes
msjeloba urTierTSoris da ambobdnen: vin aris es, RmerTs rom gmobs, vis
ZaluZs codvebis miteveba erTi RmerTis garda?~ (luka, 5:21).
ieso
codvilebTan
da
codvilTa
rangSi
myof
mebaJeebTan
urTierTobasac ar erideboda, maT saxlebSic ki Sedioda - `mwignobarni da
farisevelni drtvinavdnen da eubnebodnen mis mowafeebs: ratom WamT da
svamT mebaJeebsa da codvilebTan? iesom uTxra maT pasuxad: mkurnali
janmrTelebs ki ara avadmyofebs sWirdebaT. me marTalTa ki ara, codvilTa
mosawodeblad movedi~.
xolo SekiTxvaze farisevelTa da ioanes mowafeTa darad, xSirad
ratom ar marxulobdnen da loculobdnen iesos mowafeni, pasuxobda `gana
SeiZleba aiZulo meqorwileebi imarxulon, vidre nefe maTTan aris? magram
movlen dReni roca mefe waerTmevaT da maSin imarxulon, im dReebSi~ (luka,
6:34-35).
xolo SabaTis darRvevis Sesaxeb uTxra: `Ze kacisa SabaTis batonicaa~
da agrZelebda SabaTs avadmyofTa kurnebas. _ `isini ki risxviT aRivsnen da
urTierTSoris msjelobdnen ra gaekeTebinaT iesosaTvis~ (luka, 5:11).
23
ieso Tavis axal swavlebas adarebda axal Rvinos, romelsac Zvel
tikebSi ar asxamen, `Torem axali Rvino tikebs daxeTqavs da Rvinoc
daikargeba da tikebic. aramed axali Rvino axal tikebSi unda Caisxas~. (luka,
5:39).
qristes axali swavleba, romelsac Semdgom qristianoba ewoda, Sorsaa
uaryofiTi moralizmisgan, is erideba akrZalvebsa da SezRudvebs. amasTan
dakavSirebiT a. bogoliubovs mohyavs eklesiis didi moazrovnis netari
avgustines sityvebi `giyvardes RmerTi da moiqeci rogorc gsurs~, riTac
gamoxatulia qristianuli Sexedulebis arsi zneobriobasa da Cveulebebze.
RvTis siyvaruli TavisTavad gamomwvevia siyvarulisa RvTis yoveli
qmnilebisadmi, qmnilebaTa gvirgvinisa _ adamianebisadmi. adamianis siyvaruli
gamomdinareobs RvTis siyvarulis grZnobisagan. siyvarulis erTi niSani ki
mitevebaa. aqedan gamomdinare axali aRTqma zogjer Zvels ar eTanadeba. ieso
uaryofs Zvel wess `Tvali Tvalis wil, kbili kbilis wil~, keTilganwyobis
grZnobam unda sZlios SurisZiebisas.
qristianuli siyvaruli yovlismomcvelia, yoveli adamiani `moyvasad~
miiReba. Tavis swavlebas adamianebis siyvarulisas, ieso `axal aRTqmas~
uwodebs.
Tqven gsmeniaTo - ambobda ieso - `Seiyvare moyvasi Seni da SeiZule
mteri Seni~. me ki geubnebiT: giyvardes Tqveni mtrebi, daloceT Tqveni
mawyevarebi, qvelmoqmedeba gauwieT Tqven moZuleebs da iloceT maTTvis, vinc
Tqven gaviwroebT da gdevniT. raTa iyvneT Tqveni zecieri mamis Zeni, vinaidan
Tavisi mze amohyavs borotTa da keTilTa Tavze da wvimas ugzavnis
marTlebsa da usamarTloebs. Tu Tqven giyvarT Tqveni moyvarulebi, ra iqneba
Tqveni sazRauri? gana mebaJeebic ase ar iqcevian? da Tu Tqven mxolod Tqvens
Zmebs miesalmebiT gansakuTrebuls ras gaakeTebT? gana warmarTebic aseve ar
iqcevian? maS iyaviT srulyofilni, iseve, rogorc Tqveni zeciuri mamaa
srulyofili~ (maTe, 6:43-48).
msaxureba qveynierebis gadasarCenad
`ise Seiyvara RmerTma qveyniereba, rom misca Tavis mxolodSobili Ze,
raTa yoveli misi morwmune ar daiRupos, aramed hqondes saukuno
sicocxle~ _ ambobda Ze RvTisa nikodimosTan saubrisas (ioane, 3:16).
nikodimosi,
iudevelTa
mTavarTagani,
farisevelTa
erT-erTi
xelmZRvaneli, gaocebuli iyo iesos saswaulqmedebebiT. is erTxel movida
iesosTan RamiT, farulad, raTa qristesmoZule farisevlebsa da
iudevelTa mTavrebs araferi SeetyoT. is iesos `RvTisagan mosulad~
Tvlida da ambobda _ “aravis ZaluZs iseTi saswaulebis moxdena, rogorc
24
Sen axden, Tu masTan RmerTi ara aris (ioane, 3:2) mxolod Ze RvTisa
iyo
SemZle mravlad aResrulebina iseTi saswaulebi, romelTa Sesrulebac
Cveulebrivi ZalebiT adamians ar ZaluZs da SesaZloa mxolod
gansakuTrebuli RvTaebrivi ZaliT. nikodimoss surda Seetyo namdvilad
iyo Tu ara ieso is mxsneli msofliosi, romelsac mouTmenlad eloda
ebraeli da sxva xalxebi. `miugo iesom da uTxra mas: `WeSmaritad,
WeSmaritad geubnebi Sen: vinc xelaxla ar iSoba ver ixilavs RvTis
sasufevels~ (ioane, 3:3). ra aris RvTis sasufeveli? RvTis sasufevlis, anu
RvTis samefos Sesaxeb ieso qriste xSirad esaubreboda xalxs igavebis
saSualebiT qadagebaTa dros. mesiis mosvlis Semdeg xalxis azriT
qveyanaze dadgeboda RvTis samefo. (e.i. romis imperiisa Tu sxva qveyniur
saxelmwifoTa da samefoTa adgils daiWerda axali sazogadoebrivi wyoba,
oRond ara kacTa mier mofiqrebuli da Seqmnili, aramed uzenaesi, RvTis
uSualo mmarTvelobiT dawesebuli. RvTis am samefoSi xalxi bednieri
iqneboda da tanjva-wameba moispoboda).
xalxs masiurad hqonda msgavsi
Sexeduleba, amitomac iesos swavleba RvTis sasufevels (anu samefos)
Tvisobriobis Sesaxeb, maTTvis gaugebari iyo. saWiro iyo xSiri axsnaganmarteba saxeebisa da igavebis moSveliebiT. iesom erT SekiTxvaze ase
upasuxa _ `Cemi samefo ara amqveyniuria~ (ioane, 18:36). ara qveyniuri, aramed
sxva kanonebiT moarsebe, es samefo am qveynad modis da moaqvs zeciuri
kanonebi. RvTis sasufeveli (samefo) aris ara axali sazogadoebrivi wyoba,
aramed, upirveles yovlisa axali sicocxle adamianuri sulisa, samyaro,
romelSic ganuxrelad batonobs RmerTi. is SeumCnevlad imyofeba
adamianTa Soris, is yvelganaa: romelime kerZo adamianis gulSi, ojaxSi,
sazogadoebaSi. mas moaqvs masSi SesulisaTvis simSvide da umaRlesi
sixaruli, aris gabruebuli Tavdaviwyeba aramed naTeli, zeciuri mamis
sikeTis da madlis fxizeli dajereba.
am grZnobis Sedareba SeuZlebelia qveyniur romelime sixarulTan.
yvelafers cvlis garSemo, nergavs imeds da exmareba arafriT SeSindnen am
qveynad. am axal cxovrebaSi sustebi, suliT glaxakebi gaixareben,
mgloviareni damSviddebian, simarTlisaTvis devnilni – dakmayofildebian.
es iqneba samefo, sadac izeimeben mSvidni, mSvidobismyofelni, guliT
wmidanni. isini miiReben umaRles netarebas _ RmerTTan erTobas (andrei
bogoliubovi, `Ze kacisa~ gv. 78-80).
nikodimoss, romelic RamiT estumra iesos, ainteresebda ra unda
gaekeTebina adamians RvTis samefoSi Sesasvlelad. iesom ase upasuxa: `Tu
vinme maRlidan ar iSoba, ver SeZlebs RvTis sasufevlis xilvas~.
nikodimoss Zalze gaukvirda, rogor SeuZlia adamians xelaxla dabadeba,
magram macxovarma uTxra ara Cveulebriv xorciel Sobaze, aramed
sulierze, rom adamianisaTvis aucilebelia Secvla Tavisi sulieri mxrisa,
25
sul sxva – sruliad keTil arsebad gadaqceva. aseTi Secvla ki adamians
mxolod RvTis ZaliT SeuZlia. `Tqven maRlidan unda iSvaT~ (ioane, 3:7),
`sulisagan~. `WeSmaritad, WeSmaritad geubnebi Sen, Tu vinme wylisa da
sulisagan ar iSveba ver SeZlebs RmerTis sasufevelSi Sesvlas~ (ioane, 3:5)
(macxovari gulisxmobda naTlobiT (`wyliT~) da naTlobisas sulis
gardamosvlis meoxebiT morwmuneTaTvis RvTis sasufevelis karis gaxsnas).
qveyniereba Ze RvTisas mier gadarCeba - `rameTu ar warmogzavna
RmerTma Tavisi Ze qveynierebaze, rom gaasamarTlos qveyniereba, aramed rom
qveyniereba gadarCes mis mier. visac swams ar gasamarTldeba, xolo visac
ar swams, ukve msjavrdebulia, radgan ar irwmuna RmerTis mxolodSobili
Zis saxeli. sasamarTlo ki is aris, rom sinaTle movida qveynierebaze da
adamianebma sinaTleze metad Seiyvares sibnele, vinaidan boroti iyo maTi
saqmeni. vinaidan yvelas, vinc borotebas sCadis, sZuls sinaTle da ar
midis sinaTlesTan, rom ar iqnes mxilebuli misi saqmeni. xolo
WeSmaritebis mqmneli sinaTlisaken midis, raTa cxadi gaxdes misi saqmeni,
RmerTSi rom arian qmnilni~ (ioane, 3:17-21).
Semdgom nikodimoss uTxra, rom movida
qveynad,
raTa
ivnos
da
mokvdes adamianebisaTvis ara samefo taxtze asavlelad, aramed jvarze:
`rogorc mosem aRmarTa gveli udabnoSi~ (anu Zelze Camohkida spilenZis
gveli, raTa gadaerCina sasikvdilod dakbenili adamianebi). sxva dros
iesom samaritel qalTan saubrisas ganacxada, rom misi RvTaebrivi
swavleba _ cocxal wyals hgavs da is, misi msmenelisaTvis iqceva `wyaros
wylad, romelic saukuno sicocxled idinebs~.
samaritelma qalma, romelic yvela imdroindeli palestineliviT
eloda mesiis mosvlas, Tqva, `me vici, rom modis mesia, romelsac hqvia
qriste, is rom mova, yvelafers gagvicxadebs~ (ioane, 4:25).
maSin iesom uTxra samaritel dedakacs - `mesia - es me var~ `me var,
romeli getyvi Sen~ (ioane, 4:26).
`dadgeba Jami – ganagrZobda ieso – da ukve aris, rodesac WeSmariti
Tayvanismcemlebi Tayvans scemen mamas suliTa da WeSmaritebiT (ioane, 4:2324).
samaritel qalTan iesos saubriT gaocebulma mowafeebma Tavis
moZRvars saWmeli miarTves. `iesom uTxra maT: Cemi saWmelia – vqmna Cemi
momavlineblis neba da davasrulo misi saqme~ (ioane, 4:34).
erTxel ieso SeekiTxa Tavis mowafeebs: `ras ambobs xalxi, vin var me?
maT miuges pasuxad: ioane naTlismcemeli, sxvebi – eliao, sxvebi ki vinme
Zveli, aRmdgari winaswarmetyvelio, iesom uTxra: `Tqven ki raRas ambobT:
vina var me? petrem pasuxad uTxra `RvTis cxebuli~ (luka, 9:18-20). petres
pasuxs markozi ase gadmoscems _ `Sen qriste xar~ (mark. 8:27). `Sen xar
qriste Ze cocxali RvTisa. miugo mas pasuxad iesom: `netar xar Sen, simon,
26
ioanes Zev, vinaidan Sen es gamogicxada ara xorcma da sisxlma, aramed
mamaCemma, romelic zecaSia. mec geubnebi Sen: Sena xar petre da am kldeze
avaSeneb Cems eklesias da mas ver daZlevs jojoxeTis bWeni. mogcem Sen caTa
sasufevlis gasaRebs da rasac Sehkrav dedamiwaze, zecaSic Sekruli iqneba,
xolo rasac gaxsni dedamiwaze, gaxsnili iqneba zecaSic~ (maTe, 16:16-19).
am sityvebiT macxovarma mowafeebs auwya Tavisi msoflio erTobiseklesiis Seqmnis Sesaxeb. (xolo petresaTvis sasufevlis gasaRebis
gadacemiT iesom mas mianiWa ufleba eklesiis wevrebze. visac is ar
miutevebda codvas, arc RvTisagan mieteveboda. igive ufleba macxovarma
misca yvela mociquls (ioane, 25:22_23). petres pirvelad uTxra amis Sesaxeb,
radganac man pirvelma aRiara rwmena mis winaSe, rom is qristea – Ze
RvTisa. ieso afrTxilebda Tavis mociqulebs, ar gaecaT misi RvTaebriobis
saidumlo, mas surda, rom adamianebs iZulebiT ki ar mieRoT macxovari an
daZalebiT, aramed Tavisufali nebiT. iesos mociqulTa ricxvi TandaTan
gaizarda da Tormeti gaxda. Tavis mowafeebs mociqulebi uwoda, radgan
Tavisi swavlebis saqadageblad gaagzavna qveynad isini: `es aris im
Tormeti mociqulis saxelebi: pirveli simoni, petred wodebuli, da
andria, misi Zma, iakob zebedes Ze da misi Zma ioane. filipe da barTlome,
Toma da maTe mebaJe, iakob alfes Ze da lebeosi, romelsac ewoda Tadeozi.
simon kananeli da iuda iskarioteli, romelmac gasca igi. es Tormeti
wargzavna iesom, amcno da uTxra warmarTTa gzaze ar iaroT da
samaritelTa qalaqSi ar SexvideT. aramed wadiT israelis saxlis
dakargul cxvrebTan. waxvalT ra, iqadageT, rom moaxloebulia sasufeveli
caTa. sneulni gankurneT, mkvdrebi aRadgineT, keTrovanni ganwmindeT,
eSmakebi gandevneT, usasyidlod miiReT usasyidlod gaeciT~ (maTe, 10:5-8).
simons TviT ufalma uwoda petre, andrias – pirvelwodebuli, iakob
zebedes Zis Zmas ioanes – RvTismetyveli uwodes, xolo naTanails –
barTlome. maTe anu levi, yofili mezvere iyo, alfes Ze iakobs ki ioane
zebedes Zisagan gansasxvaveblad, mcire erqva, lebeos – Tadeozi igive iuda
iakobis Zea.
am Tormet
mTavar
mociqulTa
garda
ieso
qristem
Semdgom
samocdaaTi mociquli airCia: markozi, luka, kleopa da sxvebi. isinic
gaagzavna saqadageblad.
macxovars gverdiT ara marto kacebi, aramed qalebic axldnen,
marTasTan saubridan Cans, rom qalebis adgili marto ojaxis kerasTan ki
ar aris, aramed maT unda icxovron sruli sulieri cxovrebiT. macxovars
uyvarda iudeveli lazaresa da misi debis mariamisa da marTas ojaxi,
xSirad iyo maTTan. qadagebaTa dros iesos axldnen maria magdalineli
(Tavdadebuli qali, romlisganac iesom Svidi eSmaki gandevna (luka 10:30).
27
zebedes coli - salomea (ioanesa da iakobis deda), xana (ioana) – herodes
mouravis coli, maria kleopasi da susana.
`romelnic RmerTma SeaerTa, kacni nu ganaSoreben~ - ambobda ufali
meuRleTa Sesaxeb. ojaxuri simtkicis safuZveli colqmris erTianobaa~
amitom miatovebs kaci mamas da dedas, miewebeba Tavis cols da orni
iqmnebian erT xorcad, amrigad, isini ukve orni ki aRar arian, aramed erTi
xorci~ (maTe, 19:5-6).
ojaxis nayofi – bavSvebi gansakuTrebiT uyvarda
iesos. amitomac bavSvebiT iyo garSemortymuli, is ambobda – “gamouSviT
bavSvebi
da
nu
abrkolebT
maT
CemTan
mosasvlelad,
vinaidan
magaTnairebisaa caTa sasufeveli~ (maTe, 19:14)
erTxel ieso avida mTaze da dajda, roca miuaxlovdnen
moswavleebi
da xalxi, aswavla maT netarebaTa mcnebani. es qadageba gulia ieso
qristes swavlebisa. aT mcnebasTan erTad, romelic RmerTma kacobriobas
misca, mTaze qadageba qristianTa cxovrebis megzuria:
1.
netar iyvnen glaxakni suliTa, rameTu maTi ars sasufeveli caTa
(suliT glaxakni isinia, romelnic ar amayoben da trabaxoben, radganac
ician, rom araviTari keTili saqmis gakeTeba ar SeuZliaT RvTis Semweobis
gareSe. aseve isini, romelnic grZnoben
codvebi da sulieri naklovanebebi).
da
Segnebuli
aqvT
TavianTi
2.
netar iyvnen mglovareni guliTa, rameTu igini nugeSis-cemul iqmnen
(mglovareni – naRvloben da tirian TavianT codvebsa da sulier
naklovanebebs. ufali miutevebs maT, miscems am qveynadac nugeSs; xolo
imqveynad sixaruls).
3.
netar iyvnen mSvidni, rameTu maT daimkvidron qveyana (mSvidni –
Tvinieri adamianebi arian, romelnic moTminebiT itanen yovelgvar
ubedurebas, uwyinarni arian RvTisa. adamianebisgan wyenasa da usiamovnebas
mSvidad xvdebian, ar javrdebian aravisze).
4.
netar iyvnen, romelTa Siodes da swyurodes simarTlisaTvis, rameTu
igini gaZRnen (simarTlisaTvis mSier-mwyurvalni gaZRebian).
5.
netar iyvnen mowyaleni, rameTu igini Seiwyalnen (mowyaleni
gulkeTili adamianebia, gasaWirSi myofi adamianebis dasaxmareblad mzad
myofni – TviTon iqnebian RvTis mier gansakuTrebiT Sewynarebulni).
6.
netar iyvnen wmidani guliTa, rameTu maT RmerTi ixilon (wmidani
guliT – guliT sufTa adamainebia, romelnic ara marto eridebian boroti
saqmis Cadenas, aramed TavianT gulSic cdiloben siwmindis Senaxvas e.i.
iSoreben borot fiqrsa da survils. isini mudam RmerTTan iqnebian, mas
ixilaven).
7.
netar iyvnen mSvidobis myofelni, rameTu isini Zed RmrTisad iwodnen
(mSvidobis myofelni – mSvidobis moqmedni arian, romelTac ar uyvarT
28
araviTari dava, cdiloben yvelasTan mSvidobiT icxovron, megobrulad da
sxvebic Searigon erTmaneTs).
8.
netar iyvnen devnilni simarTlisaTvis, rameTu maTi ars sasufeveli
caTa (simarTlisaTvis devnilni arian, romelTac ise uyvarT simarTliT
(e.i. RvTis kanoniT) cxovreba, rom samarTlianobisaTvis yovelgvar devnas
itanen da iTmenen).
9.
netar iyvneT
Tqven,
raJams
gyvedridnen
da gdevnidnen
da Tqvan
yoveli sityva boroti Tqvenda mimarT sicruiT CemTvis.
(netar xarT Tqven roca gaglanZRaven, gagdevnian da yovelnair borots
ityvian Tqvenze Cems gamo).
Semdgom iesom ganacxada, rom is movida ara rjulis gasauqmeblad,
aramed aRsasruleblad, xolo vinc Tundac umcires mcnebas daarRvevs da
ise aswavlis adamianebs – umciresi daerqmeva caTa sasufevelSi.
adamianTa damokidebuleba RvTisadmi da adamianebisadmi iesomde
sxvagvari iyo. RmerTi, yovlisSemZle Semoqmedi, amave dros despotad
hyavdaT warmodgenili. xolo siyvaruli yoveli adamianisa, miaCndaT
arasavaldebulod, aramed mxolod maxlobelisa, `moyvasisa~ da umetes
SemTxvevaSi mxolod Tanametome ebraelisa _ rCeuli eris Svilisa. iesom
Secvala es warmodgenebi. iesom aswavla, rom RmerTi – mamaa yoveli
adamianisa. uyvars samyaro, uyvars adamianebi, mouwodebs maT dedamiwaze
icxovron sixaruliTa da gonierebiT. adamiani mona ki araa RmerTisa,
aramed Svili, mama ar iTxovs misgan garegan, formalur Tayvaniscemas.
`roca loculobT, nu iqnebiT, rogorc TvalTmaqcni, romelTac uyvarT
sinagogebsa da quCis kuTxeebSi dgoma da locva, raTa xalxs Tavi
moaCvenon” (maTe, 6:5). iloce dafarulSi da seni mama, romelic dafarulSi
xedavs mogizRavs Sen. `xolo locvis dros nu ilaparakeb zedmets,
rogorc warmarTebi, vinaidan hgoniaT, rom TavianTi mravalsityvaobis gamo
Sesmenili iqnebian~ (maTe, 6:7).
qristianobis pirveli da didi mcneba iesos mier gadmocemuli aseTia:
`Seiyvare ufali RmerTi Seni yovliTa guliTa SeniTa da yoveliTa suliTa
SeniTa da yovliTa gonebiTa SeniTa.
meore mcneba ki pirvelis msgavsi, miZRvnilia adamianebisadmi.
adamianis siyvarulisadmi - `Seiyvare moyvasi Seni, viTarca Tavi Seni~ (maTe,
22-38). iesom ganacxada, rom faqtiurad am ori mcnebiT gadmoicema Zveli
aRTqmis kanonebi da winaswarmetyvelebani - `am or mcnebaze hkidia mTeli
sjuli da winaswarmetyvelebani.~
vin aris moyvasi, romlis Seyvarebac saWiroa,
rogorc sakuTari
Tavisa? iesom igaviT
upasuxa
am
kiTxvas. `vinme
kaci
modioda
ierusalimidan ieriqons, daesxnen yaCaRebi, romlebmac tansacmeli gaxades,
29
daWres da wavidnen, is ki cocxal-mkvdari miatoves. SemTxveviT erTma
mRvdelma Camoiara. gzaze dainaxa igi da gverdi auqcia.
aseve levitelma Caiara am adgilas, dainaxa da gverdi auqcia. mere
viRac samaritelma gamoiara, dainaxa da Seicoda. mivida masTan Sesva Tavis
pirutyvze, Seiyvana sastumroSi da izruna masze. meore dRes amoiRo ori
dinari, misca sastumros patrons da uTxra – izrune masze da Tu zedmeti
xarji mogiva, rom davbrundebi mogcemo. ras fiqrob am samidan, romeli
ufro iyo yaCaRebis xelSi Cavardnilis moyvasi?~ man upasuxa: romelmac
wyaloba uyo mas~. (luka, 10:30-36).
siyvarulisa da mowyalebis mcnebebi Zveli aRTqmisaganac aris
cnobili, magram ieso Tavis swavlebas uwodebs `axal aRTqmas~, Zveli
moses kanonebi formalobebiT ifargleba, macxovari ki mouwodebs adamians
Sinagani cxovrebis sruli gardaqmnisaken. Tu aTi mcnebis meeqvse kanoniT
ikrZaleboda kacis kvla, ieso mouwodebs, boroteba saerTod ganiSoron
gulidan – `Tu miitan Sen ZRvens samsxverploze da iq gagaxsendeba, rom
Sen Zmas raime aqvs winaaRmdeg. miatove iq Seni ZRveni samsxverplosTan da
wadi, Sens Zmas Seurigdi. Semdeg modi da Seswire Seni ZRveni. Seurigdi
Sens metoqes saswrafod, vidre masTan erTad gzas adgaxar~... (maTe, 5:23).
aTi mcnebis kanonze, romelic mruSobas krZalavs ieso ambobs, rom
unda ganviSoroT yovelive mankiereba. xolo Zveli aRTqmis im kanonze,
romelic fics krZalavda, ieso ambobs, rom daficeba saerTod ar aris
saWiro da keTilganwyobilebis grZnobam unda gaimarjvos Surisgebaze - `me
ki geubnebiT Tqven: win nu aRudgebiT borots, Tu vinmem marjvena loyaSi
gagawnas, meore loyac miuSvire, vinc moisurvebs Sens gankiTxvas da Seni
mosasxamis wamoRebas, samoselic Tan gaatane mas~ (maTe, 5:39).
“Tqven gsmeniaT, rom Tqmula – ganagrZobda ieso – Seiyvare moyvasi
Seni da moiZule mteri Seni. me ki meubnebiT: giyvardeT Tqveni mawyevrebi,
sikeTe uyaviT Tqvens moZuleebs da iloceT maTTvis vinc Tqven gaviwroebT
da gdevniT, raTa iyoT Tqven Tqveni zecieri mamis Zeni, visac Tavisi mze
amohyavs borotTa da keTilTa Tavze da wvimas ugzavnis marTlebsa da
usamarTloebs. vinaidan Tu Tqven Tqveni moyvarulebi geyvarebaT, ra iqneba
Tqveni sazRauri? gana mebaJeebic aseve ar iqcevian? Tu mxolod Tqvens
Zmebs moikiTxavT, gansakuTrebuls ras gaakeTebT? gana warmarTebic aseve
ar iqcevian? maS iyaviT srulyofilni, iseve rogorc Tqveni zecieri mamaa
srulyofili~ (maTe, 5:43-48).
erTxel petre SeekiTxa iesos - `ufalo, ramdenjer unda mivutevo
Cems winaaRmdeg rom Sescodos, Svidjer?~ uTxra mas iesom: `me ar geubnebi
Svidjer – meTqi, aramed samocdaaTgzis Svidjer~ (maTe, 18:21-22). e.i. mudam.
iesos mier gamoTqmuli oqros wesad cnobili darigeba aseTia `rogorc gindaT rom mogeqcnen adamianebi, Tqvenc ise moeqeciT maT~ (maTe,
30
7:12) `nu ganikiTxavT, raTa ra gangikiTxon, vinaidan, romeli gankiTxviTac
ganikiTxavT da romeli sawyaoTic miuwyavT imaveTi mogewyvebaT Tqven. rad
uyureb bewvs Seni Zmis TvalSi, xolo sakuTar TvalSi diresac ki ver
amCnev? anda rogor etyvi Sens Zmas: mimiSvi, amogiRo Tvalidan bewvio da
aha, Sen TvalSi ki direa! TvalTmaqco, jer Seni Tvalidan dire amoiRe da
mere dainaxav, rogor amoiRo bewvi Seni Zmis Tvalidan~ (maTe, 7:1-15).
iesos gansakuTrebuli zrunvis da dacvis sagans warmoadgenda
sazogadoebis yvelaze dabali fenebi, romelTa nawils xSirad codvilebad
da miukareblebadac ki Tvlidnen. aseT `codvilebTan~ iesos urTierToba,
aocebda da
mcvelebs.
ajavrebda
`zneobriv
nawils~
-
farisevlebs
da
kanonis
`da iyvnen yovelni mezvereni da codvilni maxloblad misa da
ismendes missa. da drtvinavdes farisevelni da mwignobarni da ityodes,
viTarmed: ese codvilTa Seiwynarebs da maT Tana Wams da svams~ (luka, 15:1).
`magram man uTxra maT aseTi igavi: romelime Tqvengans asi cxvari
rom hyavdes da erTi dakargos, ar datovebs oTxmocdacxramets udabnoSi
ar wava dakargulisaTvis vidre ar ipovis? rom ipovis sixaruliT mxrebze
Seisvams... Tqven geubnebiT, rom aseve, ufro meti sixaruli iqneba zecaSi
erT codvilze, romelic moinaniebs vidre oTxmocdacxramet marTalze,
romelTac monanieba ar sWirdebaT... aseve dedakaci, romelsac aTi draqma
aqvs, erTi draqma rom dakargos, gana ar aanTebs asanTs, ar dagvis saxls
da gulmodgined ar moZebnis vidre ipovis? (luka, 15:7-8).
iesom maT uTxra igavi uZReb Svilze, or Zmaze, romelTagan erTma
Tavis wili qoneba mamamiss gamoarTva, gaflanga da daglaxakda, ris
Semdegac mamis saxls daubrunda, mamam ki sixaruliT miiRo sityvebiT - `es
Cemi Ze mkvdari iyo da gacocxlda, dakarguli iyo da gamoCnda da daiwyes
mxiaruleba~.
ara janmrTelebs esaWiroebaT mkurnali, aramed avadmyofebs, Ze
kacisa movida daRupulTa mosaZebnad da gadasarCenado – brZanebda ufali.
ase moiZia da gadaarCina iesom
(mebaJeTa) ufrosi zaqe, gadasaxadebis
codvebiT daRupuli mezvereTa
amkrefi, TanametomeTa yvlefiT
gamdidrebuli. romaelTa samsaxurSi momuSave yvela mebaJes israelianebi
codvilebad
Tvlidnen da viTarca codvilT ar ekarebodnen araviTar
saqmeSi. ieso ki mivida zaqes saxlSi - `vinc ki dainaxa, yvelani mohyvnen
buzRuns da ambobdnen: codvil kacTan Sevida. zaqe
wamodga da uTxra
ufals: aha ufalo Cemi qonebis naxevars Raribebs mivcem da Tu vinmesTvis
rame gamomiZalvia, oTxmagad mivageb. iesom uTxra mas: dRes moxda am
saxlis gadarCena, imitom rom isic abraamis Zea. vinaidan Ze kacisa movida
dakargulis mosaZebnad da gadasarCenad~ (luka, 19:7-10).
31
aseve gamarTlda uflis TvalSi taZarSi mlocveli mebaJe, romelmac
Seigno Tavisi codvebi, is cisken Tvalis mipyrobasac ver bedavda, mkerdSi
xels icemda da ambobda oriode sityvas `RmerTo Semiwyale~. iqve ki, mis
win idga fariseveli, romelic uflis winaSe Tavis sarwmunoebriv
damsaxurebas Tvlida da mezveres ganikiTxavda. iesom Tqva amis gamo –
mezvere ufro gamarTlebuli wavida Tavis saxlSi, vidre fariseveli,
vinaidan `yoveli vinc Tavs aimaRlebs, damdabldeba, da vinc Tavs
daimdablebs – amaRldeba~ (ioane, 18:14).
didad gaakvirva da daaeWva fariseveli simoni iesos qmedebam, roca
mis saxlSi sadilis dros
nelsacxebeli scxo iesos
Semovida mruSad cnobili qali. Zvirfasi
fexebs da cremlmdinarma Tavisi TmiT
gaumSrala. ufalma simons uTxra - `Sens saxlSi Semovedi da wyali ar
momeci fexebisTvis, aman ki cremliT damisvela fexebi da Tavisi TmebiT
warmxoca, Sen ambori ar momec, amas ki rac Semovida ar Seuwyvetia Cemi
fexebis kocna, Sen zeTi ar momacxe Tavze, aman ki nelsacxebeli moscxo
Cems fexebs. amis gamo geubnebi: mieteva magas mravali Tavis codva, rameTu
friad Seiyvara, xolo visac cota mieteveba, mcired uyvars. da uTxra mas,
migeteva Seni codvani. da masTan msxdomebma iwyes laparaki TavisTvis: vin
aris es codvebs rom miutevebs? man ki uTxra dedakacs: Senma rwmenam
gadagarCina Sen, wadi mSvidobiT~ (luka 8:45-50).
aseve mruS dedakacs Seexeba momdevno ambavic. erTxel ierusalimSi
yofnisas iesosTan miiyvanes qali, mxilebuli qmris RalatSi, risTvisac
kanonis Tanaxmad unda Caqoliliyo.
Tu ieso ar inebebda qalis Caqolvas, amiT is kanons daarRvevda.
xolo Tu kanonis aRsrulebis nebas darTavda, maSin mis mier qadagebul
mimteveblobasa
da
gulmowyalebas
formalobad
CaTvlidnen
da
aiTvaliswunebdnen. swored amitom miuyvanes iesos mtrebma mruSi. iesom
qalis Casaqolad momzadebul brbos uTxra: `vinc Tqvens Soris ucodvelia,
pirvelad man esrolos qva~ (ioane, 8:7). brbo, romlis TiToeul wevrs
Segnebuli hqonda Tavisi codvebi da ucodvelad Tavs ar Tvlida, Sedrka,
Semdeg ki daiSala. marto darCenil qals iesom uTxra: `wadi, amieridan
aRar Sescodo~.
iesos mowyalebaTagan avadmyofTa mkurnaloba erTerTi umTavresia.
gankurnebis
aucilebel
pirobad
macxovari
sarwmunoebas. `Senma sarwmunoebam gadagarCina
Tvlida
avadmyofis
Sen~ - uTxra iesom
gamojanmrTelebul qals. aRsaniSnavia, rom zogjer avadmyofis maxlobeli
adamianis rwmenac asrulebs mTavar rols. rogorc amas uCvenebs magaliTi,
roca mamam avadmyofi Svili miiyvana iesosTan. iesos kiTxvaze sjeroda Tu
ara mas Svilis gamojanmrTeleba, mamam upasuxa - “mwams ufalo, Seewie Cems
urwmunoebas~. qristem gankurna vaJi.
32
xSirad ufali organizms akavSirebda sulis mdgomareobasTan. `Sen
gamojanmrTelebuli xar, nuRar Sescodav~ - ambobda is gankurnebis Semdeg.
xolo zogjer avadmyofs pirdapir miutevebda codvebs. erTxel masTan
sawoliT miyvanil kacs, imis gamo, rom misi momyvanebis rwmena ixila,
uTxra - `adamiano, mogeteva Seni codvebi~. mwignobrebma da farisevlebma
iwyes msjeloba da ambobdnen: vin aris es, RmerTs rom gmobs, vis ZaluZs
codvebis miteveba RmerTis garda. iesom icoda ra maTi zraxvebi, uTxra
pasuxad: ra ganizraxeT Tqvens gulSi? ra ufro advilia, Tqma: Seni
codvebi mogeteva, Tu Tqma adeq da gaiare? xolo raTa icodeT rom Ze
kacisas
dedamiwaze
codvebis
mitevebis
Zalaufleba
aqvs
eubneba
davrdomils: Sen geubnebi: adeq, aiRe Seni sawoli da wadi Sens saxlSi.
myisve wamodga maT winaSe, aiRo razec iwva da wavida Tavis saxlSi da
adidebda RmerTs. da adidebdnen RmerTs da SeSinebulebi ambobdnen:
saocrebani vnaxeT dRes~ (luka 5:22-26).
saqadageblad gagzavnil Tavis
mociqulebs
iesom
pirvel
rigSi
avadmyofTa gankurneba daavala da misca mkurnalobis Zala.
macxovari xalxis winaSe zogjer, saWiroebis mixedviT avlenda Tavis
zeadamianur Zalas, axdenda saswauls, Tumca ki saswaulebis mosurneT ar
uwonebda TavianT survils. galileis kanaSi momxdari pirveli saswaulis
Semdeg aCvena Tavisi Zala. erTxel tbis piras qadagebis dros ieso navSi
avida da iqidan aswavlida xalxs, ris Semdegac mociqulebTan erTad
Securda wylis siRrmeSi, uflis sityvebis Tanaxmad simon-petrem,
romelmac wina RamiT verafris daWera SesZlo, bade moisrola. bades
imdeni Tevzi amohyva, rom ori navi gaivso da simZimisagan CaZirva daiwyo. am
saswaulis xilvisas mociqulebi da petre SiSma Seipyro. iesom uTxra: `nu
geSinin svimon, amieridan iyo kacTa monadire~ (luka, 5:10).
erTxel iesom mkvdreTiT aRadgina naineli qvrivis dediserTa Ze.
mkvdari wamodga da daiwyo laparaki. ris Sesaxebac Seityo mTelma iudeam.
xolo iesos mier aboboqrebul tbaSi naviT curvisas qariSxlis dacxromam
TviT mociqulebi gaaoca. `maSin uTxra maT, sad aris Tqveni rwmena? isini
SiSiT da gaocebiT eubnebodnen erTimeores: vin aris es, qarebsac rom
ubrZanebs da wyalsac da emorCilebian mas?~ (luka 8:25).
maxarebeli markozi gadmogvcems erT saswaulebriv ambavs: `movida
sinagogis erTi ufrosTagani, saxelad iairosi. dainaxa Tu ar igi mis
muxlebTan daeca. da Zalian evedreboda mas da eubneboda: Cemi gogona
sikvdilis pirzea. modi da daade xelebi, rom gamojanmrTeldes da
icocxlos. wahyva mas. didZali xalxi aedevna da aviwroebda. da erTi
dedakacic, romelsac Tormet weliwads hqonda sisxlis dena. mravali
tanjva gadaitana, rac gaaCnda yvelaferi daxarja, magram veraferma argo,
aramed uares mdgomareobaSi Cavarda. moismina iesoze, zurgidan mivida da
33
Seexo
mis
samosels.
ambobda:
marto
mis
samosels
rom
Sevexo
ganvikurnebio. da imwamsve daSra misi sisxlis wyaro da sxeulSi igrZno,
rom ganikurna satkivarisagan... man ki uTxra: asulo, Senma rwmenam
gadagarCina, wadi mSvidobiT da gamojansaRdi Seni senisgan~.
roca ieso jer kidev laparakobda, modian sinagogis ufrosTan da
eubnebian, Seni asuli mokvda, ratomRa awuxeb moZRvars? iesom ki am
sityvebis mosmenisTanave uTxra sinagogis ufross: nu geSinia, mxolod
irwmune... mividnen sinagogis ufrosis saxlSi da xedavs areulobas da
mtiralT, da xmamaRla mTqmelT. Sevida da eubneba: taliTaA kumi rac
niSnavs: `Sen geubnebi gogona adeq~ da myisve wamodga gogona da gaiara...
(mark, 6: 21-42).
iesos yvelaze saxelganTqmuli saswaulia xuTi puriT da ori
TevziT xuTi aTasi kacis dapureba. Wamis Semdeg moagroves narCeni natexebi
`da aavses Tormeti godori im xuTi qeris puris natexebiT, romlebic Wamis
Semdeg darCa. maSin iesos mier moxdenili saswaulis mxilvelma xalxma
Tqva: esaa WeSmaritad
mosuliyo~ (ioane, 6:15).
is
winaswarmetyveli,
romelic
qveyanaze
unda
aseve cnobilia iesos wyalze siaruli. zRvaze mavali macxovris
xilvam SeaZrwuna navSi mjdomi mociqulebi. da moCveneba egonaT. `magram
ieso myisve gamoelaparaka maT da uTxra: `gamxnevdiT me var nu geSiniaT!~
petrem uTxra mas pasuxad: `ufalo Tu es Sena xar, mibrZane movide SenTan
wyaldawyal~. man ki uTxra: `modi!~ petre gadmovida navidan da wyaldawyal
midioda, rom iesosTan misuliyo. magram, qari rom SeniSna, SeeSinda,
CaZirva iwyo da daiyvira, ufalo, mixseni me! iesom imwamsve gauwoda xeli,
mohkida mas da uTxra: ratom daeWvdi, mcired morwmunev? da roca isini
navSi avidnen qari Cadga. xolo navSi myofebma Tayvani sces mas da uTxres
WeSmaritad xar Sen Ze RmrTisa~ (maTe, 14: 27-33).
saswaulTa
Semdgom
iesos
RvTaebriobis
aRiareba
acofebda
farisevlebsa da mwignobrebs. erTxel brmisaTvis TvalTa axelis Semdgom
iesos Sesaxeb `zogma farisevelma Tqva: es kaci araa RmerTisgan, raki
SabaTs ar icavs. sxvebma ki Tqves: rogor SeZlebs codvili kaci aseTi
saswaulebis moxdenas? da iyo maT Soris ganxeTqileba. kvlav eubnebian
brmas: Sen ras ityvi mis Sesaxeb? man Tqva: winaswarmetyvelia igi” (ioane,
9:16-17). kvlav SeekiTxnen brmas, Semdeg ki gauwyrnen - `maT ki galanZRes igi
da uTxres: Sen xar misi mowafe, Cven ki moses mowafeebi varT. Cven viciT,
rom moses elaparakeboda RmerTi, es ki ar viciT, saidanaa igi. kacma
pasuxad uTxra maT: sakvirveli swored isaa, rom Tqven ar iciT, saidanaa
igi, man ki Tvalebi amixila. Cven viciT, rom codvilebs ar usmens RmerTi.
aramed Tu vinme RmerTis moSiSia da mis nebas asrulebs, imas usmens igi.
saukunidan ar gagonila, rom vinmes brmad dabadebuls Tvalebi aexilos.
34
es rom RmerTisgan ar yofiliyo, verafers gaakeTebda~ (ioane, 9:28-33). brma
gaagdes, is naxa iesom da SeekiTxa: `Sen gwams Ze kacisa?~ man uTxra
pasuxad: vinaa igi, ufalo, rom viwamo? iesom uTxra: Sen ginaxavs igi da
Sen gelaparakeba! isaa!.. da uTxra iesom: sasamarTlod movedi am
qveynierebaze, raTa ver mxedvelT dainaxon, mxedvelni ki dabrmavdnen~.
farisevelni SeekiTxnen: `nuTu Cvenc brmebi varT?~ `brmebi rom
yofiliyaviT codva ar geqnebodaT. axla ki ambobT Tvalxilulni varTo.
Tqveni codva rCeba~. – miugo iesom. `me var kari - vinc CemiT Sedis
gadarCeba~...
mzadeba gamosyidvisaTvis
ieso qristes saswaulTa, kurnebaTa da swavlebaTa ambavi moedo
mTels palestinas. xalxi yvelgan eloda da Tan dahyveboda mas.
mociquli maTe wers: `im xanad herode meoTxed mTavramde miaRwia
iesos ambavma da uTxra Tavis msaxurT: es aris ioane naTlismcemeli,
mkvdreTiT amRdgara da amitom Zalni moqmedeben masSi” (maTe,14:12).
ioane herodem moakvlevina. es herode antipa iyo Svili herode
didisa, romelsac mamisgan gamohyolia amoraluri wesi cxovrebisa. herode
didis sikvdilis Semdeg, romaelebma mis memkvidres arqelaoss mefis
tituli ar daumtkices da is qveyanas eTnarqis wodebiT marTavda. imis
Semdeg rac herodeanTa dinastiis winaaRmdeg xalxi amxedrda, arqelaosi
qveynidan gadaasaxles da iudeam saerTod dakarga damoukidebloba, igi
oTx nawilad dayves romaelebma (iudea, samaria, galilea da hereia). herode
antipa meoTxedmTavris wodebiT marTavda galileas. igi morwmune iyo
iudevelTa rjulisa,
Caketili, TiTqosda
amitomac
sapatio
ioane naTlismcemeli, mis mier cixeSi
patimrobaSi hyavda, usmenda mas da
pativiscemiT imsWvaleboda mis mimarT. ioane ki Seupovrad amxelda mis
uzneobas. dapatimrebamde saqveynod qadagebda, rom antipas mier misi Zmis
colis SerTva
naTlismcemeli.
ukanonobas
warmoadgenda,
amis
gamo
daiWires
kidec
herodeam - antipas ukanono colma ipova marjve dRe ioane
naTlismcemlis dasaRupad _ es iyo tetrarqis dabadebis dRisaTvis
mowyobili zeimi.
`Sevida herodias
asuli,
cekvavda
da
asiamovnebda
herodesa
da
Tanameinaxeebs. da mefem uTxra qalwuls; rac gnebavs mTxove da mogcem~
(mark.,6:22). dedamisis TxovniT qaliSvilma moiTxova ioane naTlismcemlis
Tavis mirTmeva langriT. survili umal Seusrules.
35
ioane naTlismcemeli win uswrebda macxovars, misi winamorbedi iyo
da mowameobrivi sikvdiliTac TiTqosda mianiSna iesos sikvdilis tanjuli
saxe.
ioanem cixeSic Seityo iesos saqmeTa Sesaxeb da gaugzavna ori
mowafe SekiTxviT: `Sena xar momavali Tu sxva vinmes unda velodeT?~,
marTalia, iesos naTlobis Jams ioanem ixila masze gardmomavali suli
wmida, gaigona zeciuri xma, romelic amowmebda, rom is iyo Ze RvTisa,
magram radganac mis Semdeg TiTqmis erTi weli gavida da ieso ayovnebda
Tavisi mesiobis gancxadebas da ufro metic, ukrZalavda Tavis mowafeebs
amis Sesaxeb sxvebTan
kiTxva.
saubars,
naTlismcemels
daebada zemoaRniSnuli
`xolo iesom miugi maT: midiT da uTxariT ioanes rasac ismenT da
xedavT: brmani xedaven, koWlni dadian, keTrovanni iwmindebian da yruni
ismenen, mkvdarni aRdgebian da glaxakni sixaruliT xaroben. netar ars
vinc ar Semcdara CemSi. xolo maTi wasvlis Semdeg iesom ioaneze Camougdo
sityva xalxs:
risTvis dadiodiT udabnoSi?
qarisgan rxeuli lerwmis xilvad?
risTvis dadiodiT udabnoSi?
lbili samosiT mosili kacis xilvad?
lbili samosliT mosilni mefeTa darbazebSi arian.
risTvis dadiodiT udabnoSi?
winaswarmetyvelis xilvad?
diax, getyviT Tqven, winaswarmetyvelisa da ufro metisac. radgan es
aris igi, visTvisac daiwera: aha, me vgzavni Cems angeloss Sens winaSe,
romelic ganamzadebs Sens gzas Sens winaSe. WeSmaritad geubnebiT Tqven:
dedisagan Sobilni aravin aRmdgara ioane naTlismcemelze ufrosi, xolo
caTa sasufevelSi umciresic masze umetesia’’ (maTe, 11:4-11).
ioanes mokvliT Sewuxebuli ieso wavida erT udabur
agilas
ganmartoebiT. xolo xalxs rom esma es, fexiT gahyva mas qalaqebidan (ieso
tbis sxva adgilas naviT gadaadgilda). `gamovida da uamravi xalxi rom
dainaxa, Seecoda isini da gankurna maTi sneulebani~ (maTe, 14 :14).
Tanaxmad ioanes bolo mowmobisa iesos saxeli izrdeboda `is unda
izrdebodeso _ ambobda ioane _ me ki vpataravdebode... rameTu is vinc
RmerTma warmogzavna, RmerTis sityvebs laparakobs, vinaidan RmerTi zomiT
ar iZleva suls. mamas uyvars Ze da yvelaferi mas misca xelT. visac Ze
swams, saukuno sicocxle aqvs, xolo urCi Zisa ver ixilavs sicocxles,
aramed RmerTis risxva darCeba masze~ (ioane, 4:34_36).
Tavisi mSobliuri qalaqidan nazareTidan gandevnes Semdeg, roca
Tqva `arcerTi winaswarmetyveli SeuwynarebiaT Tavis mamulSi~. ieso qalaq
36
kapernaumSi
daemkvidra.
TiTqmis
ori
wlis
manZilze
am
qalaqidan
miemgzavreboda ieso galileaSi samoRvawod, aqedan gaemgzavra finikiaSi,
samjer ierusalimSi, romelSic meoTxed Sesvlis Semdgom is galileas
mxolod mkvdreTiT aRdgomis Semdgom daubrunda, finikiisaken mogzaurobis
dros iesom gankurna _ qananeli qalis gogona, am araebraelis
sarwmunoebis siRrmem gaaoca mociqulebi. tirisa da sidonis mxaris
sazRvarTan iesos Sexvda es dedakaci, ~miyviroda mas da ambobda: Semiwyale
me, ufalo, daviTis Zeo, Cemi asuli sastikad itanjeba eSmakisagan, xolo
man xma ar gasca. da miadgnen misi mowafeebi da sTxoven: gauSvi eg,
radganac Cven mogvyviris. xolo man pasuxad Tqva: sxvas rodi movvlenivar,
aramed mxolod israelis saxlis daRupul cxvrebs. amasobaSi qalic
movida, Tayvani sca da uTxra: ufalo, Semewie me! xolo man pasuxad Tqva:
ar varga, Svilebs waarTvva da ZaRlebs miugdo puri. qalma ki uTxra: diax,
ufalo, magram, ZaRlebic xom Wamen patronis tablidan dacvenil
nasufrals. maSin iesom pasuxad miugo: aha, qalo! didia Seni rwmena, da
Seni survilsamebr mogegos Sen! da ganikurna misi asuli imave wams!~ (maTe,
15 :23-28)
ebraelebi TavianT Tavs abraamis Svilebs, RvTis Svilebsa da
zeciuri samefos (zecaTa sasufevlis) Zeebs uwodebdnen, xolo warmarTebs
uyurebdnen,
SemTxvevisas
rogorc
ZaRlebs,
amitomac
macxovarma
TiTqosda
am
sagangebod
miuTiTa
ebraelebs
TavianTi
Sexedulebis
umarTebulobis Sesaxeb. warmarTTa Soris is xedavda Zlier sarwmunoebas,
romelic msgavss `israelis saxlis daRupul Svilebs~ - ebraelTa Sorisac
ver hpovebda.
xorcis Sesxmis Semdeg macxovari iqca WeSmarit kacad, da viTarca
yovel adamians, masac hqonda samSoblo, gaaCnda Tavisi eri, romlis
msaxureba da gadarCena upirveles saqmed miaCnda, xolo mkvdreTiT adgomis
Semdeg amaRlebis win is sagangebod avalebs mociqulebs yvela tomsa da
yvela ers amcnon saxareba, aCvenon gza da gauRon kari. - suliwmidis
mofenis Semdgom ki msoflios yvela ers Tanabari ufleba mieca da
qristes yovelis morwmune erovnebis miuxedavad, qristes rCeuli eris
Svilia.
qananeli asulis gankurnebis Semdgom ieso dabrunda galileis zRvis
piras, sadac gankurna koWlni, brmani, yruni, sapyarni. aqve saswaulebrivad
Svidi puriTa da cotaodeni TevziT, oTxiaTasi kaci gamokveba. Semdgom
gaumxila Tavis mowafeebs, rom ierusalimSi unda mieRoT tanjva,
sasikvdilod unda mieca Tavi da aRmdgariyo mesame dRes. petre, romelmac
ver gaigo Tu ras niSnavda es, kicxavda iesos, `xolo is miubrunda petres
da uTxra: gamSordi satana, Cemi sacduri xar, radgan RmerTisas ki ar
fiqrob, aramed kacisas. maSin uTxra iesom Tavis mowafeebs: romelsac
37
nebavs
Sedgomad Cemda uaryos
Tavisi
Tavi,
aRiRos
Tavisi
jvari
da
Semomidges me.
visac Tavisi sulis gadarCena surs, mas dahkargavs, xolo vinc Cemi
gulisaTvis dahkargavs suls, is mas gadaarCens. ra sargebeli iqneba
kacisaTvis, Tu mTel qveyanas moipovebs da Tavis suls ki dahkargavs? anda
ras miscems kaci Tavisi sulis sanacvlod? radgan mova Ze kacisa Tavisi
mamis didebiTa da Tavisi angelozebis TanxlebiT da Tavisi saqmeebis
mixedviT miagebs TiToeuls~ (maTe, 16:24-27).
ramdenime dRis Semdeg waiyvana iesom petre, iakobi da ioane maRal
mTaze da icvala maT winaSe feri. mzesaviT gabrwyinda misi saxe da
gaspetakda misi samosi. gamoCndnen mose da elia, romlebic iesosTan
saubrobdnen. naTelma Rrubelma daCrdila mociqulebi da gaisma xma
Rrublidan: `es aris Cemi sayvareli, romelSic keTilad gamovCndi me. mas
usmineT.~ es rom gaigones mowafeebi Tavzardacemulni pirqve Caemxvnen.
magram movida ieso, xeli Seaxo da uTxra maT adeqiT, nu geSiniaT.
iesos feriscvalebiT surda ganemtkicebina Tavisi mowafeebi,
romelTac male misi vneba unda exilaT, amitomac aCvena Tavisi RvTaebrivi
Zala.
fericvalebis Semdeg iesom gaafrTxila mowafeebi, aravisaTvis
eTqvaT amis Sesaxeb.
iesos mimarT mtrulad iyvnen ganwyobili farisevlebi da sjulis
maswavleblebi. isini iTxovdnen niSans zecidan, romelic daamtkicebda mis
RvTaebriv warmomavlobas, RvTis samefos dasawyisis niSans. ieso ki Tavis
mociqulebs ukrZalavda misi RvTaebriobis aRiarebas. SabaTis darRvevad
miiCnevdnen iesos mier avadmyofTa gankurnebas, xolo mociqulTa `Sromam~
SabaT dRes, roca maT puris yanaSi TavTavebi mowyvites da nayofi Wames –
aRaSfoTa isini. iesom uTxra farisevlebs – `Ze kacisa SabaTis ufalic
aris~. (luka, 6.5), rom SabaTi kacisaTvisaa da ara kaci SabaTisTvis. ufro
adrec uTxres farisevlebma sayveduri iesos, rom misi mowafeebi
arRvevdnen uxucesTa gadmocemebs. magaliTad, xels ar ibandnen Wamis win.
iesom mouxmo xalxs da uTxra – pirSi Semavali ki ar Sebilwavs kacs,
aramed piridan gamomavalia is, rac Sebilwavs kacs. radganac yvelaferi
rac piridan Seva, mucels gaivlis da gareT gamova, xolo piriT
gamomavali gulidan gamodis da swored is bilwavs kacs, vinaidan gulidan
gamodis ukeTuri zraxvani, kacis kvalni, mruSobani, siZvani, parvani,
ciliswameba, gmobani, eseni arian kacis Sembilwvelni, xolo xeldaubaneli
Wama ar bilwavs kacs.
farisevelTa mier sarwmunoebis moCvenebiTad mtkiced dacvaze iesom
Tqva isaias sityvebi – `miaxlovdeba es xalxi Tavisi eniT da madidebs
Tavisi bagiT, magram misi guli Sorsaa Cemgan. amaod madideben, radgan
aswavlian adamianur moZRvrebasa da mcnebebs~ (maTe, 15: 8.9).
38
mwignobarTa da farisevelTa boroteba miT ufro izrdeboda, rac
metad xvdebodnen TavianT usworobas.
ierusalimSi moaxloebuli iyo karvobis dResaswaulis dReebi da
ieso moemzada iq wasasvlelad. gagzavna macne, isini mividnen samarielTa
soflebSi, raTa sadgomi moemzadebinaT misTvis. magram ar miiRes (Cans
farisevlebs ezrunaT xalxSi iesos gavlenis Sesamcireblad). es rom
ixiles mowafeebma – Tqves `ufalo Tu gnebavs vityviT, rom cecxli
gardamoxdes zeciT da mosras isini, rogorc moiqca elia. miubrunda ieso,
Serisxa isini da Tqva: ar iciT, romeli silisani xarT. radgan Ze kacisa
adamianTa sulebis warsawymedad ki ar movida, aramed saxsnelad. da sxva
sofelSi wavidnen. moxda ise, rom gzaSi viRacam uTxra mas: sadac unda
midiode, Tan geaxlebi ufalo da uTxra mas iesom: meliebs soroebi aqvT
da cis frinvelebs - budeebi, Ze kacisas ki ara aqvs sad miidrikos Tavi”
(luka, 9:54-58).
amis Semdeg ufalma airCia sxva samocdaaTi mowafe, winaswar gagzavna
isini wyvil-wyvilad im qalaqebsa da soflebSi, sadac TviTon apirebda
misvlas. uTxra maT: samkali bevria, muSakni ki cotani arian, aha, gagzavniT
Tqven, rogorc kravebs mglebs Soris. gankurneT sneulni, axareT RmerTis
sasufevlis moaxloeba. ramdenime xnis Semdeg mociqulebi sixaruliT
dabrundnen, radgan maT eSmaknic ki emorCilebodnen ieso qristes saxeliT.
gaixara iesom da Tqva: gaRiareb mamao, cisa da miwis ufalo, vinaidan
brZenTa da gamgeT daumale es da gaucxade Cvil balRebs. yvelaferi
mamisagan momeca me da aravin icis vin aris Ze, garda mamisa da arc is vin
aris mama garda Zisa, garda imisa visTvisac Ze inebebs gamocxadebas, da
uTxra iesom mociqulebs: `vxedavdi satanas elvasaviT rom vardeboda
cidan~. da misca maT xelmwifeba mtris yoveli Zalis daTrgunvisa. aswavla
sauflo locva da uTxra: iTxoveT da mogecemaT, eZebeT da hpovebT,
daakakuneT da gageRebaT, radgan yvela mTxovnels miecema, mZebneli hpovebs
da vinc akakunebs gauReben. wmida suls miscems mama Tqveni zecieri imaT,
vinc sTxovs.
vinc ixila iesos mier eSmakis gandevna damunjebuli kacidan, Tqva: es
belzebelis, eSmakTa mTavris, SewevniT aZevebs eSmakTao. ieso mixvda ras
fiqrobdnen isini da uTxra: yoveli samefo Tavisi Tavis winaaRmdeg
gayofili, gapartaxdeba da yoveli saxli, Tavisi Tavis winaaRmdeg
gayofili – daiqceva, da Tu satana Tavis Tavs ganeyofa, rogorRa gaZlebs
misi samefo? Tqven ki ambobT, rom me belzebelis SewevniT vaZeveb eSmakT,
xolo Tu me RmerTis TiTiT vaZeveb eSmakT, mouwevia kidec Tqvenamde
RmerTis sasufevels.
zogi saswauls iTxovda misgan, iesom Tqva: ukeTuria es modgma da
saswauls
eZebs,
magram
saswauli
ar
miecema
mas,
garda
iona
39
winaswarmetyvelis
saswaulisa.
vinaidan
rogorc
iona
iyo
saswauli
ninevelTaTvis, aseve iqneba Ze kacisa am modgmisaTvis.
ierusalimSi rogorc karvebis, ise ganaxlebis dResaswaulis dReebSi
iesos daWera da Caqolva undodaT. karvebis dResaswaulze, mosavlis
aRebis sazeimo dReebSi ierusalimSi qveynis kuTxeebidan ikribeboda
mlocvelTa
didi
ricxvi.
maT
ierusalimSi
elodaT
mxiaruleba,
cxovrobdnen Ria cis qveS, rtoebisagan agebul karvebSi, Zveli tradiciis
Sesabamisad. yvelgan gaismoda iesos saxeli, Tumca ki CurCuliT, radganac
iesos saxelganTqmulobiT SeSinebulma qalaqis xelisuflebma izrunes
aekrZalaT mis Sesaxeb saubari. maT eSinodaT xalxi ar gahyoloda iesos,
mefed ar gamoecxadebinaT da romaelebis winaaRmdeg ar ajanyebuliyvnen.
dResaswaulis bolo dReebSi iesos Sesapyrobad mRvdelmTavrebma da
farisevlebma gagzavnes msaxurni. maT ar Seipyres ieso. SekiTxvaze Tu
ratom? upasuxes – `arasodes kacs ise ar ulaparaknia, rogorc es kaci
laparakobs. farisevlebma upasuxes: nuTu Tqvenc gacdunaT?~ (ioane, 7:46-47).
meore dRes ieso kvlav mivida taZarSi, xalxs uTxra – `me var naTeli
soflisa, romeli Semomidges me, ara vidodes bnelsa, aramed aqundes
naTeli cxovrebisa.~ farisevlebma uTxres: Sen TviTon mowmob Sens Tavs,
Seni mowmoba ara WeSmaritia. iesom uTxra maT: me Tu Cems Tavs vmowmob,
Cemi mowmoba WeSmaritia, radgan vici, saidan movedi da sad mivdivar. Tqven
ki ar iciT, saidan movedi da sad mivdivar. Tqven xorcis mixedviT
asamarTlebT, me ki ar vasamarTleb aravis. me Tu vasamarTleb, Cemi
sasamarTlo WeSmaritia, radgan me marto ara var, aramed me da mama varT
erTad romelmac me warmomagzavna.
iesos ekiTxebodnen israelis gaTavisuflebis Sesaxeb. ieso ambobda:
`ukueTu Tqven daadgeT sityvaTa CemTa, WeSmaritad mowafeni Cemni xarT. da
scnaT WeSmariti da WeSmaritebaman gangaTavisuflnes Tqven~ (ioane, 8-32).
iudevelebma upasuxes – Cven abraamis Svilebi varT da arasodes
vyofilvarT monebi. razedac iesom miugo - `yvela codvis Camdeni codvis
monaa, Tu Ze gagaTavisuflebT namdvilad Tavisuuflebi iqnebiT. Tqven rom
abraamis Svilebi iyoT abraamis saqmeebs gaakeTebdiT. axla ki Cems moklas
eZiebT, kacisas romelmac giTxraT WeSmariteba, rac RmerTisagan movismine.
abraamis aseTi ra gaukeTebia. me gamovedi da movedi RmerTisagan, vinaidan
me CemiT ki ar movsulvar, aramed man warmomagzavna. vinc Cems sityvas
icavs, igi ar ixilavs sikvdilis ukunisamde. me ganmadidebs mamaCemi,
romlis Sesaxeb ambobT: Cveni RmerTi ariso. Tqven is ver SeicaniT, me ki
vicnob mas. sanam abraami iqneboda, me var” maSin aiRes qvebi, rom CaeqolaT
ieso, magram is moefara da gamovida taZridan (ioane, 8).
aseve undodaT iesos Sepyroba ierusalimSi taZris
kurTxevis
(ganaxlebis) dReebSi, romelic RvTismetyvelTa azriT, momxdara axali
40
eris 29 wlis dekembris meore dekadaSi. taZris solomonisad saxeldebul
derefanSi iesos gars Semoexvivnen iudevelni da moiTxoves misgan sajarod
gamoecxadebina Tavi qristed, Tu ki ase miaCnda Tavisi Tavi. israelianebi
mesiis mosvlas ukavSirebdnen Tavisi saxelmwifos aRdgenas da iudevelTa
msoflios mpyrobel erad gadaqcevas. ase esmodaT maT qveyanaze RvTis
sasufevlis dadgoma. amitomac mzad iyvnen mesias, RvTis ZaliT uZlevels,
gahyolodnen da mefed gamoecxadebinaT.
iudevelebma uTxres
gaugebrobaSi? Tu qriste
iesos – `rodemde geWireba Cveni suli
xar, gviTxari garkveviT~. iesom upasuxa:
,,giTxariT Tqven da ar irwmuneT Cemi. saqmeni romelTac me vakeTeb mamaCemis
saxeliT, mowmoben Cems Sesaxeb. me da mama erTi varT~. am sityvebisaTvis
iesos Caqolva undodaT, eubnebodnen: ,,kaci xar da RmerTad xdi Sens Tavs~.
iesom kvlav Tqva ganmartebaTa Semdeg - `CemSia mama, me ki – mamaSi~.
undodaT misi mokvla magram miefara maT TvalTagan.
ieso mis mimarT mtrulad ganwyobil iudeidan
wavida iordanis
gadaRma im adgilas, sadac winaT naTlavda ioane, sadac moxda misi
gancxadeba. WeSmaritia yvelaferi rac ioanem Tqva mis Sesaxeb – ase
ambobdnen masTan mravlad mimavali adamianebi. bevrma irwmuna qriste iq
(ioane, 10).
aq Seatyo iesom lazares, ATavisi megobris avadmyofobis Sesaxeb da
gamoxata survili iudeaSi wasvlisa, sadac lazare cxovrobda mociqulebs
ki SeeSindaT, radganac iudeaSi iesos mosaklavad eZebdnen da uTxres ,,rabi, iudevelebi axlaxan Casaqolad geZebdnen da kvlav iq midixar?~
- ,,lazarem, Cvenma megobarma daiZina da mis gasaRviZeblad mivdivar~.
ieso mis sikvdilze laparakobda. maSin iesom pirdapir uTxra: lazare
mokvda. – Cven wavideT raTa masTan davixocoT – iudevelebis mrisxanebiT
SeSinebuli Toma iudeaSi sikvdils eloda.
ierusalimTan axlos sofel beTaniaSi cxovrobda lazare, misi debi
mariami da marTa uyvarda iesos. maT tkbil ojaxSi xSirad isvenebda
ierusalimis SfoTiani dReebis Semdeg.
bevri iudeveli movida mariamTan da marTasTan nugeSinissacemad, maTi
Zmis gardacvalebis gamo.
iesos misvlis ambavi rom Seityo, marTa Seegeba mas, mariami ki Sin
ijda. marTam uTxra iesos: ufalo, aq rom yofiliyavi Cemi Zma ar
mokvdeboda. iesom upasuxa – aRdgeba Seni Zma. marTam uTxra: vici rom
aRdgeba aRdgomisas, ukanasknel dRes. iesom ki uTxra: me var aRdgoma da
sicocxle, Cemi morwmune, rom mokvdes kidec, gacocxldeba da yoveli
cocxali da Cemi morwmune ar mokvdeba saukunod. gwams es? – diax, ufalo,
me mwams, rom Sen qriste xar, Ze RmerTisa, romelic qveynierebaze modis –
41
amis Tqmis Semdeg marTa gaemarTa saxlisaken da mouxmo mariams iesosTan
Sesaxvedrad.
mariams Tan uamravi xalxi gahyva, mivida iesosTan, daeca mis fexebTan
da uTxra: ufalo aq rom yofiliyavi Cemi Zma ar mokvdeboda, roca iesom
ixila mtirali mariami da iudevelebi, amoioxra suliT da daRonda ,,da
cremlooda ieso~ – macxovari atirda. maSin iudevelebma Tqves – naxe,
rogor hyvarebia.
ieso
kvlav
aRelda
Sinaganad,
mivida
samarxTan,
gamoqvabulSi iyo moTavsebuli da zed lodi hqonda miyudebuli.
romelic
iesom moiTxova lodis gadagoreba. marTa winaaRmdegi iyo, radganac
micvalebuli, oTxi dRis winaT gardacvlili, gaxrwnis gamo ayrolebuli
iqneboda. iesom qva gadaawevina da Seudga locvas:
- ,,mamao gmadlob Sen rom mismine. me vici, rom yovelTvis mismen. me
mxolod garSemokrebili xalxis gasagonad vTqvi, raTa irwmunon rom Sen
warmomgzavne”.
es rom Tqva, didi xmiT daiZaxa: lazare gamodi gareT.
gamovida micvalebuli. xel-fexi saxvevebiT hqonda Sekruli da saxec
sudariT hqonda Sexveuli, iesom gaaxsnevina saxvevebi, lazarem gaiara. amis
mxilvelma da gamgone mravalma adamianma iwama ieso.
lazares gacocxleba iesom, rogorc TviTon uTxra mociqulebsa da
marTas, ineba RmerTis sadideblad, da amiT aCvena mowafeebs, Tavisi
Zalaufleba sikvdilsa da sicocxleze.
iudevelebi
gaocebuli
iyvnen
iesos
saswaulmoqmedebiT.
araCveulebrivma ambavma swrafad CaaRwia ierusalimSi. farisevlebi da
iudeveli samRvdloeba wrmundeboda, rom iesos siyvaruli xalxSi
izrdeboda.
saswrafod moiwvies mRvdelmTavarTa da farisevelTa sinedrioni da
ganixiles iesos sakiTxi da Tqves: ,,ra vqnaT, rameTu es kaci bevr
saswaulebs axdens? Tu mivuSvebT TavisTvis, yvela irwmunebs mas, movlen
romaelebi da daipyroben Cvens adgilsac da ersac~ ( ioane 11:48).
samRvdeloebas eSinoda, rom Tu xalxi ajanydeboda Tavisi erovnuli
saxelmwifoebriobisa da Tavisuflebis aRsadgenad, romis uzarmarzari
imperia uTuod usastikesad CaaxSobda mas, qveyanas ki saerTod mospobda,
eri aRigveboda miwisgan pirisa amitomac Tqva im wlis mRvdelmTavarma
kaiafam cnobili sityva - ,,ver mogvifiqrebia, rom CvenTvis umjobesia
mokvdes erTi adamiani xalxisaTvis, vidre mTeli eri daiRupos~.
ieso xalxisaTvis mokvda ,,da ara marto erisTvis, aramed imisaTvis,
rom RmerTis Svilebi Seekriba erTad’’ (ioane, 11:52).
mRvdelmTavarma iwinaswarmetyvela, sinedrionma
daadgina
iesos
mokvla, amitomac ieso aRar gadioda xalxSi cxadad, gaecala iqaurobas da
42
udabnos
axlos
mdebare
qalaq
efraimSi
darCa
mowafeebTan,
paseqis
dResaswaulamde.
farisevelTa da mRvdelmTavarTa wuxili imisa, rom ieso xalxs
aajanyebda romaelTa winaaRmdeg, sruliad usafuZvlo iyo. maxareblebi
xSirad gadmogvcemen amis damadasturebel cnobebs. rogorc iTqva, es
wuxili gamowveuli iyo imiT, rom xalxs ver warmoedgina mesia, romelic
ar aRudgenda israelis ers samefos. paseqamde ramdenime dRiT adre ieso
dabrunda beTaniaSi, Tavis sayvarel ojaxSi. aq iyvnen misTvis Zvirfasi
adamianebi: lazare, mkvdreTiT aRdgenili, mariami da marTa. marTa, rogorc
yovelTvis axlac mravals zrunavda saTayvanebeli stumris pativsacemad.
erTxel, wina stumrobisas uTxra kidec iesom mofusfuse marTas: ,,marTa,
marTa, bevrs zrunav da SfoTav, magram saWiroa mxolod erTi ram. mariamma
ki ukeTesi wili airCia, romelic ar waerTmeva mas (luka,10:41-2). ukeTesi,
romelic mariamma airCia iyo is, rom usmenda macxovars. axlac ukeTesi
airCia mariamma - vaxSmobis nadimisas aiRo erTi litri sufTa da Zvirfasi
nelsacxebeli, scxo iesos da sakuTariATmiT SeumSrala. saxli nelsacxeblis surnelebiT aivso.
es mouTmeneli gaxda iuda
iskariotelisaTvis, romelic qristes
saZmos ,,megvadruce~ anu molare iyo. Tavis ukmayofilebac amas daukavSira
- ,,ratom ar gaiyidos es nelsacxebeli samas dinarad da ar daurigdeba
Raribebs?~ (ioane, 12:5). mariams jer kidev mTlianad ar hqonda daxarjuli
Zvirfasi zeTi da kvlav scxebda iesos. am procesis Sewyveta surda iudas.
,,es RaribebisaTvis zrunvis gamo ki ar Tqva, aramed imitom rom qurdi iyo.
yulaba mas hqonda rasac Caagdebdnen is iRebda~ ambobs ioane RvTismetyveli.
iesom uTxra: daanebe Tavi, Cemi damarxvis dRisaTvis gadainaxa igi.
radgan Raribni yovelTvis TqvenTana gyavT me ki ar gyavarT yovelTvis~
(ioane.12:7-8).
am sityvebiT man kidev erTxel miuTiTa Tavis sivkdilis moaxloebis
Sesaxeb.
iesos beTaniaSi yofnis SetyobisTanave uamravma adamianma iwyo dena.
ara marto mis, aramed mkvdreiTiT aRmdgari lazares sanaxavadac, amitom
mRvdelmTavrebma lazares mokvlac gadawyvites. lazares ambavi xalxs
arwmunebda, rom ieso RvTisagan iyo mosuli, swored is iyo, romelsac
eloda iudeveli xalxi.
43
vnebis Svideuli
(bzobis kvira _ 30 wlis 2 aprili)
WeSmariti rwmenis mcvelad RvTis mier gamorCeuli ebraeli xalxi
msxmoiare venaxs Seadara ufalma iesom, romlis nayofis saxilveladac
ineba ierusalimSi Sesvla lazares mkvdreTiT aRdginebis Semdeg. mis
misaRebad xalxis momzadeba anu venaxis patronoba evaleboda eris
meTaurebs _ mRvdelmTavrebs, mwignobrebs, sjulis ganmmarteblebs, magram
maT mxolod TavianT sasargeblod gamoiyenes micemuli Zalaufleba. xalxs
ki Caunerges azri, TiTqosda mesia Tavisi RvTaebrivi ZaliT Seqmnida
msofilio
imperias
israeli
xalxis
meTaurobiT.
aseTi
mcdari
Tvalsazrisis gamo, mosvlis Jams ver icno Tavisi macxovari ierusalimma
da israelma. saSineli iyo is, rom maT ara marto uaryves Tavisi mxsneli,
is qalaqidan gaiyvanes da jvars acves. macxovris misaRebad, swored am
dRisaTvis ki iyo venaxi darguli da gaxarebuli `am Sens dRes mainc rom
Segecno, ra moganiWebs mSvidobas!~ _ eubneba ierusalims macxovari,
romelic atirda qalaqis danaxvisas. Tavisi didebis dRe ver Seicno
aRTqmulma qveyanam, gamorCeulma erma, sjulis kidobnis qalaqma _ ,,magram
amJamad dafarulia es Sens TvalTagan~ Tvalcremliani gahyurebda
ulamazes, keTilad naSen dedaqalaqs ieso. da Sen qalaqo, swored am dRis
Seucnoblobis
gamo
_
,,mogivlen
dReni,
roca
mtrebi
Txrils
Semogvavleben, Semogertymian da Segaviwroveben yoveli mxridan. miwasTan
gagasworeben da Sens Svilebs musrs gaavleben SenSi da qvas qvazedac
aRar datoveben SenSi, vinaidan ver Seityve
43-45).
Seni moxilvis Jami~ (luka, 19
ierusalimis momavliT Sewuxebulma erTma mowafem SeSfoTebiT
uTxra iesos _ ,,Sexede moZRvaro, ranairi qvebia da ranairi Senobebi!”.
ierusalimis taZari msoflioSi umSvenieresi nageboba iyo.
,,miugo iesom: xedav am did Senobebs? qva qvaze ar darCeba aq,
romelic
asrulda
ar gadayiravdeba~ (mark., 13:1-2). sul erTi Taobis manZilze
iesos winaswarmetyveleba _ ierusalimi daingra, amowyda
iudevelTa Svilebi, romelnic ase ganusjelad gaimetes TavianTma
mSoblebma piletes samsjavros dros, roca iesos sikvdilis iTxovdnen
sityvebiT _ ,,Cvenze da Cvens Svilebze magis sisxli~ (maTe, 27:25). ai, am
dRidan sul 40 welis gasvlis Semdeg axali eris 70 wels, romelebma
daangries ierusalimi. 10 aTasi ajanyebuli tyved Cavarda, 70 aTasi romSi
triumfis dasamSveneblad waiyvanes. romis imperiasTan omSi sul 70 wlis 1
maisidan 20 ivlisamde asiaTasze meti iudeveli daRupula, sul ki omSi
ramdenime wlis manZilze or milionamde kaci daukargavT iudevelebs
44
aqedan 240.000 SimSiliT amomwydar, milion 200 aTasi xmliT mousravT,
ganadgurda iudevelTa
damoukidebloba.
saxelmwifo,
gaqra
ebraeli
eris
politikuri
moxda is, risic eSinodaT eris meTaurebsa da mRvdelmTavrebs _
romaelTa winaaRmdeg ajanyeba, magram swored maT CaTeses erSi iluziuri
warmodgenebi.
iesos daswames romaelTa winaaRmdeg xalxis ajanyebis mcdeloba,
namdvili mojanyeebis zraxvebi ki aulagmavi darCa. iesos mokvlis Semdeg
romis
imperatorma
klavidiusma,
herode
I-is
SviliSvili
agripa
(aristobulis Ze) iudeis taxtze dasva. mas SeuerTda galilea, peria,
samaria, misi gardacvalebis Semdeg (44 w.) iudeis taxti ar misces mis
Svils. iudea kvlav prokuratorTa xelqveS aRmoCnda. xalxis umravlesoba
miemxro Tavdauzogav zelotebs (damcvelebs) maT undodaT moewyoT
romaelTa winaaRmdeg sayovelTao ajanyeba. arsebobda mSvidobis moyvareTa
partiac, romelic xalxisagan romaelTa damorCilebas moiTxovda da aseve
teroristebis (mokle xanjlianTa) partia, maT naklebi mimdevrebi hyavdaT.
67-70 wlebSi ajanyebulTa winaaRmdeg romis armiebi moqmedebdnen. 70 wlis
gazafxulze titus flaviusis meTaurobiT ierusalimisaken uzarmazari
laSqari daiZra 80 aTasi meomriT. sastiki omebisa da alyis Semdeg mteri
dedaqalaqSi SeiWra, xalxi taZars miawyda. titusi ise moixibla taZris
didebulebiT, rom karibWes modebuli cecxli Caaqrobina. magram
romeliRac legionerma fanjridan muguzali Seagdo. cecxli moedo
svetebs,
Tvalis
daxamxamebaSi
mTel
taZars.
didebuli
taZari,
xuroTmoZRvrebis saocreba, eris dideba, sarwmunoebis centri _ ferflad
iqca. daingra taZari, sasaxle, qalaqi.
swored amitom tiroda ieso 40 wliT adre ierusalimis daqcevas.
ierusalimSi, RvTis venaxSi, misvlis dRes mowafeebma da im xaxlma,
romelmac icno ieso, warmoTqves sadidebeli sityvebi _ `kurTxeulia
meufe, momavali uflis saxeliT, mSvidoba zecas da dideba maRalTa Sina~
kurTxeul ars momavali saxeliTa uflisaTa. tradiciuli wesiT mefe
uxednel virze Semjdari Sedioda qalaqSi da nawinaswarmetyvelebic iyo,
mesiis Sesaxeb _ `uTxariT sionis asuls: `aha, giaxlovdeba Sen mSvidi
meufe, virsa da CoCorze, saxedris naSobze mjdari~ (maTe, 21:5).
iesom ineba ierusalimSi Sesvla, viTarca mesias ekadreboda. xalxic
pativiscemiT Sexvda, rogorc triumfator mefeTa daxvedrisas, xelSi
rtoebiT _ `umravlesi igi eri daufenda samoselisa maTsa gzasa zeda, da
sxvani mohkafdes rtoebsa xeTagan da daufendes gzasa zeda. da eri igi,
romeli winaAuvidoda da romeli ukana Seudga, RaRadebdes da ityodes
osana Zesa daviTissa, kurTxeul ars momavali saxeliTa uflisaTa, osana,
romeli xar maRalTa Sina~ (maTe, 21:8-9).
45
SeiZra
qalaqi,
yvela
kiTxulobda
iesos
Sesaxeb,
magram
xalxis
aRtaceba male daacxres farisevlebma. maT pirdapir mouwodes iesos, rom
aekZala mis mesiad gamocxadeba, - `moZRvaro Serisxe Seni mowafeebi. xolo
iesom miugo: geubnebiT eseni rom dadumdnen, qvebi daiwyeben RaRads~ (maTe,
19:40). Sevida ieso ierusalimSi da taZarSi, da daaTvaliera yovelive. ukve
gviani iyo da im TormetTan erTad gaemarTa beTaniisaken (mark. 11:11)
didi orSabaTi. 30 wlis 3 aprili
meore dReso; wers markoz maxarebeli, beTaniidan rom gamovidnen
ierusalimis gzaze, iesos moSivda, Soridan dainaxa foTlebiT dafaruli
leRvis xe. wavida, iqneb zed rame epova. rom mivida veraferi naxa garda
foTlebisa, vinaidan ar iyo leRvobis dro. da uTxra mas: nuRaravin Wamos
ukunisamde nayofi Seni. da esmodaT es mis mowafeebs(mark.11:14).
qalaqSi SesvlisTanave ieso taZrisaken gaemarTa. iq, rogorc ori
wlis win, gamalebuli yidva-gayidva iyo gaCaRebuli. amitomac iesom
taZridan gamoyara yvela myidveli da gamyidveli, aayirava fulis
gadamcvlelTa magidebi da mtredebiT movaWreTa merxebi. gaocebul xalxs
iesom uTxra: - Cemi saxli salocav saxlad iwodeba. Tqven ki yaCaRTa
bunagad giqceviaT igi. mTeli xalxi monusxuliviT usmenda mas, taZarSive
gankurna koWlebi da brmebi, yvela gaxarebuli iyo, amitomac verafers
uxerxebdnen mRvdelmTavrebi, mwignobrebi da erismTavrebi, romelTac misi
daRupva surdaT. ver bedavdnen iesos sawinaaRmdego aSkara qmedebas,
radganac eSinodaT imis gamo, rom mTeli xalxi gaocebuli iyo misi
moZRvrebiT (maTe, 21:12-13), (mark. 11:15-19: luka, 19:45-48). da mouSoreblad
usmenda mas.
mainc ver
moiTmines
mRvdelmTavrebma
da
mwignobrebma,
rodesac
ixiles mis mier qmnili saswaulebi da taZarSi moyiJine balRebi, romlebic
ambobdnen: osana Zesa daviTisasa - ganrisxdnen da uTxres iesos. gesmis, ras
amboben isini? xolo iesom miugo maT: diax! arasodes wagikiTxavT: CvilTa
da meZuZurTa piriT daimkvidre dideba, (maTe, 21:14-17).
ieso kvlav beTaniaSi gaemarTa Ramis gasaTevad.
didi samSabaTi. 30 wlis 4 aprili
diliT ierusalimisaken mimaval gzaze iesom da mociqulebma dainaxes
winadRiT foTlebiT savse leRvis xe, romelic fesvebamde Ggamxmariyo. es
rom ixiles, gaukvirdaT mowafeebs. petrem uTxra iesos: rabi, ai is leRvi
Sen rom dawyevle, gamxmara. pasuxad uTxra maT iesom: `WeSmaritad
geubnebiT Tqven: Tu geqnebaT rwmena da ar SeeWvdebiT, ara marto imis
46
qmnas SesZlebT, rac daemarTa leRvis xes, aramed am mTas ubrZanoT aiwie
da zRvaSi Cavardio – moxdeba egre, Tqveni sityvisamebr. da yvelaferi,
rasac locvaSi iTxovT rwmeniT, mogecemaT. roca dgaxarT da loculobT,
miuteveT, Tu raime gaqvT vinmes winaaRmdeg, raTa Tqvenma mamamac mogitevoT
Tqveni Secodebani. xolo Tu Tqven ar miutevebT, arc Tqveni mama zecaSi
mogitevebT Tqvens Secodebebs (mark. 11:20-26. maTe., 21:20-22).
ieso Sevida taZarSi saqadageblad, aswavlida gars
Semoxveul
adamianebs, axarebda maT sasufevlis Sesaxeb, miadgnen SeSfoTebuli
mRvdelmTavrebi, mwignobrebi da uxucesebi. Dda uTxres mas - `romeli
ZalauflebiT akeTeb amas an vin mogca Sen es Zalaufleba?~
xolo iesom miugo maT pasuxad: mec gkiTxavT erT sityvas, mec
mipasuxeT da getyviT romeli ZalauflebiT vakeTeb amas – ioanes naTloba
saidan iyo: zecidan Tu kacTagan? Aaba mipasuxeT.
isini erTmaneTSi msjelobdnen: Tu vityviT rom zecidano, is gvetyvis:
- maSin ratom ar erwmunebiT mas? xolo Tu vityviT kacTagano – xalxisa
gveSinia, vinaidan yvela winaswarmetyvelad Tvlis ioanes, da pasuxad
uTxres iesos: ar viciT. iesomac uTxra maT: maSin arc me getyviT romeli
ZalauflebiT vakeTeb amas (mark.11:27-32, maTe., 21:23-27, luka., 20:1-8).
swored ioane naTlismcemels hqonda gacemuli pasuxi kiTxvaze iesos
Zalauflebis Sesaxeb. rom is iyo mamis sayvareli Ze, romelSic gacxadda
misi saTnoeba. iesomac uTxra farisevlebs kacis ori Zis Sesaxeb,
romelTaganac erTs daavala wasuliyo mis venaxSi samuSaod, xolo Svilma
miugo ar minda (bolos ki inana da wavida). maSin mivida meoresTan da igive
uTxra, xolo man miugo: waval batono da ar wavida. Aam orTagan romelma
Seasrula mamis neba? raRas ityviT amaze? – SeeekiTxa ieso maT, miuges:
pirvelma.
uTxra maT iesom – QWeSmaritad geubnebiT Tqven, mebaJeni da meZavni
Tqvenze win Sevlen RmerTis sasufevelSi. vinaidan movida ioane TqvenTan
simarTlis gziT da ar irwmuneT misi, xolo mebaJeni da meZavni erwmunen
mas. Tqven ki ixileT, da mainc ar moinanieT rom gerwmunaT misi (maTe,
21:28.32).
monanie codvilebi, romlebmac gvian, magram mainc aRasrules mamis
neba, farisevlebze win daayena iesom. farisevelni sityviT Tanaxmani iyvnen,
saqmes ki ar asrulebdnen. sxva igavic uTxra iesom mamis venaxze.
`iyo erTi saxlis patroni, romelmac Cayara vazi, Robe Semoavlo Sig
sawnaxeli amokveTa, aago koSki da ijariT misca mevenaxeebs. TviTon ki
gaemgzavra.
da roca rTvelma moawia, gagzavna Tavisi monebi mevenaxeebTan, raTa
mosavali CaebarebinaT maTgan. xolo mevenaxeebma daiWires misi monebi,zogi
47
scemes, zogi daxoces, zogic kidev qvebiT Caqoles axla sxva monebi
gagzavna, uwindelze metni, maTac igive damarTes.
bolos Tavisi Ze gagzavna da Tqva: Cemi Zis mainc moeridebaTo. magram
mevenaxeebma misi Ze rom dainaxes, erTmaneTs uTxres: ager igi, venaxidan
gaiyvanes da mokles.
mereda, roca mova venaxis patroni, ras uzams am mevenaxeebs? mova da
daxocavs am mevenaxeebs, xolo venaxs sxvebs miscems?
da amis msmenelebma Tqves: RmerTma nu qnas! iesom ki Sexeda maT da
Tqva: nuTu arasodes amogikiTxavT werilSi: qva, romelic daiwunes
mSeneblebma, kuTxis Tavad daidva? uflis mier iqna es, da es saocrebad
uCans Cvens Tvals.
amitomac geubnebiT Tqven: wagerTmevaT RmerTis sasufeveli da
miecema sxva xalxs, romelic gamoiRebs mis nayofs. vinc am qvaze daecema
daimtvreva, xolo visac is daecema – gasress.
da roca mRvdelmTavarma da farisevlebma moismines misi igavni,
mixvdnen rom maTze ambobda amas.
da undodaT misi Sepyroba,
magram
xalxis
SeeSindaT,
vinaidan,
winaswarmetyvelad miaCndaT igi~ (maTe., 21:33-46, luka., 20:9-19).
ufalma ieso qristem gaagrZela taZarSi swavleba, xolo iudevelTa
uxucesebi am dros erTmaneTSi TaTbirobdnen, rogor daeWiraT sityvaze,
rom SesaZlebeli yofiliyo misi dadanaSauleba an xalxis win, anda
romael xelisufalTa winaSe.
da ai, moifiqres mzakvruli
kiTxva
da
macxovarTan
gagzavnes
farisevlebi da
herodianebi (e.i. romelnic romaelTa xelisuflebis
kanonierebas aRiarebdnen). maT miiRes keTilmorwmunis saxe da SeekiTxnen:
,,moZRvaro, viciT rom marTali xar, da simarTliT gvaswavli RmerTis
gzasac, da arc aravis arCev, vinaidan ar uyureb saxes kacisas. maS,
gviTxari: rogor ggonia, gvmarTebs Tu ara xarki vaZlioT keisars?~
qristes mtrebi, momfiqreblebi am boroti kiTxvisa, ase sazRvravdnen:
Tu ieso qriste upasuxebs, rom xarkis gadaxda saWiroa, amiT Tavis
winaaRmdeg aimxedrebs xalxs (radganac ebraelebi TavianT mefed mxolod
RmerTs aRiarebdnen, xolo TavianTi Tavis CaTvla ucxo, Tanac warmarTi
mefis moxarkeebad miaCndaT ukanono, RvTis sagmob saqmed da mxolod
iZulebiT aZlevdnen xarks keisars).
xolo Tu ieso qriste upasuxebs, rom keisrisaTvis xarkis gadaxda
araa saWiroo, am SemTxvevaSi romael xelisuflebTan davadanaSaulebT,
rogorc keisris mowinaaRmdegeso – fiqrobdnen isini.
iesom Seicno misi mzakvroba da uTxra: ratom macdunebT?
maCveneT dinari: visi xatia zed da visi warwera? miuges keisrisa.
da uTxra maT: mieciT keisrisa keisars da RmerTisa – RmerTs.
48
rac niSnavs, mieciT keisars is, rac miiReT misgan. kanonieri movaleoba da
aucilebloba unda Sesruldes morCilebiT, amave dros, uTuod Sesruldes
yvelaferi, rasac iTxovs RmerTi Tqvengan Tavis aRTqmebSi. siyvaruliT
emsaxureT mas, TqvenTvis sicocxlis momniWebels.
macxovris pasuxis sibrZnem da ubralobam yvela gaaoca ise, rom
gaCumdnen da Sercxvenilebi gaSordnen mas.
farisevelTa
Semdeg
winaswarSemuSavebuli
Sesabamisad, iesosTan sadukevelebi
mkvdreTiT aRdgoma. MmaT undodaT
mividnen,
daebniaT
mzakvruli
romlebsac ar
ieso TavianTi
gegmis
swamdaT
kiTxviT,
romelic imave dros dacinvas warmoadgenda im qveyniuri cxovrebis
rwmenisa, da uTxres: ,,moZRvaro mosem Tqva: ,,Tu kaci uSvilod gadaegeba
(mokvdeba), dae, misma Zmam moiyvanos misi coli, raTa Tesli (ojaxi)
aRudginos Tavis Zmas.~ iyo Cvens Soris Svidi Zma: pirvelma coli SeirTo
da uSvilod mokvda, xolo coli Tavis Zmas dautova. aseve meoremac da
mesamemac, TviT meSvidemde. Yyvelaze bolos ki qalic mokvda. mereda
aRdgomisas, am Svididan visi coli iqneba igi? vinaidan Svidives colad
esva.
iesom pasuxad miugo maT: scdebiT, radgan arc werils icnobT da
arc RmerTis Zalas. vinaidan aRdgomisas arc cols irTaven da arc
Txovdebian, aramed arian rogorc RvTis angelozebi caSi, xolo mkvdarTa
aRdgomisaTvis ar wagikiTxavT, ra giTxraT RmerTma, romelic ambobs:
,,me var RmerTi abraamisa da RmerTi isaakisa da RmerTi iakobisa.
RmerTi mkvdrebisa ki ar aris, aramed cocxlebisa.~
(abraami, isaaki da iakobi didi xnis gardacvlilebi iyvnen,
Sesabamisad Tu RmerTi amis miuxedavad Tavis Tavs RmerTs uwodebs, es
niSnavs, rom misTvis
isini cocxlebi arian, radganac mas ar SeuZlia
Tavis Tavs ararsebulis RmerTi uwodos).
abraamis wiaRs, imqveyniur sicocxles, Seexeba erTi igavi, romelic
iesom adre Tqva: iyo erTi mdidari kaci, yoveldRe Slida brwyinvale
sufras. iyo erTi glaxakic, saxelad lazare, romelic mis WiSkarTan egdo,
mTlad dawylulebuli.Dda surda mdidris nasufraliT moekla SimSili,
ZaRlebi modiodnen da lokavdnen mis wylulebs.
mokvda glaxaki da abraamis wiaRSi aitaces angelozebma. Mmokvda
mdidari da damarxes.
da jojoxeTSi, wamebulma, aRapyro Tvalni, da ixila Sors abraami
da lazare mis wiaRSi.
da SesZaxa da Tqva: mamao abraam! Mmowyaleba moiReé da momivline
lazare, raTa TiTis wveri Caawos wyalSi da ena gamigrilos, radgan
vidagebi am cecxlis alSi. Mmagram abramma uTxra mas: Svilo, gaixsene rom
Sensave sicocxleSi miiRe Seni sikeTe, lazares ki – mxolod boroti.
49
amitom axla
is inugeSeba, Sen ki itanjebi. Eegec ar iyos, Cvensa da Tqvens
Soris ganmtkicebulia didi ufskruli, ase rom, gadmosvlis msurveli
verc Cvengan Tqvensken gadmova da verc Tqvengan Cvensken.
xolo man Tqva: gevedrebi, mamao, mamaCemis saxlSi mainc gagzavne eg.
vinaidan xuTi Zma myavs, mivides da auwyos maT, raTa isinic ar Cacvivdnen
satajvelSi. uTxra mas abraamma: mose da winaswarmetyvelni hyavT, maT
usminon.
xolo man Tqva: ara, mamao abraam, magram Tu mkvdarTagan miva maTTan
vinme, Seinaneben. Dda uTxra mas abramma: Tu ki moses da winaswarmetyvelT ar
usmines, mkvdreTiTac rom aRdges vinme, arc mas erwmunebian (luka., 16:20-31)
imqveyniur cxovrebas da mkvdreTiT aRdgomis Semdgom saukuno
sicocxles ieso Semdgomac Seexo, roca Ze kacisas didebiT mosvlis
Sesaxeb saubrobda (ix. maTe., 25:31-46).
sadukevelebi,
romlebic
TavianTi
SekiTxvebiT
dascinodnen
micvalebulTa mkvdriT aRdgomis SesaZleblobas rwmenas, iesos pasuxma
romelic warmoTqva Svidi Zmis erTi colis Sesaxeb - Searcxvina isini,
xolo xalxi gaaoca iesos sibrZnem, mwignobrebic gaaxara maTi mtrebis –
sadukevelebis marcxma da mowonebis sityvac ki gaimetes iesosaTvis
- ,,moZRvaro Sen kargad Tqvi,~ magram imavdroulad kidev ufro SeSindnen
xalxze iesos gavlenis zrdiT. rodesac farisevlebma gaiges, sadukevelebs
xma Caakmedinao, erTad Seikribnen. Dda erTma maTganma, sjulis mcodnem
sacduneblad hkiTxa mas: moZRvaro romelia sjulis mTavari mcneba? xolo
iesom miugo mas: giyvardes ufali RmerTi Seni mTeli Seni suliT da
mTeli Seni guliT da mTeli Seni gonebiT.
es aris pirveli da mTavari mcneba.
da meore amisi msgavsi: giyvardes moyvasi Seni, viTarca Tavi Seni.
am or mcnebazea damokidebuli mTeli rjuli da winaswarmetyvelebani (maTe., 22:36-40).
farisevlebi, romelnic aqamde moSorebiT idgnen iesosagan, mowafeTa
darad erTad Segrovilni miuaxlovdnen iesos, magram veRar gaubedes
raimes SekiTxva. TviT iesom misca maT kiTxva: ,,ras ityviT qristes Sesaxeb,
visi Ze aris igi?“, farisevlebma myisve miuges _ ,,daviTisa~.
sityva ,,Ze~ ebraelebisaTvis niSnavda ara marto Svils, Zes pirdapiri
gagebiT, aramed STamomavalsac amitom gamoTqma ,,Ze
mefesa da winaswarmetyvelis daviTis STamomavals.
daviTisa~ niSnavda –
maSin ieso kvlav SeekiTxa: ,,maS, suliT STagonebuli daviTi rogorRa
uwodebs ,,ufals~, rodesac ambobs - ,,uTxra ufalma Cems ufals, dajeqi
Cems marjvniv, vidre ferxTiT dagimxob Sems mtrebs.~ Aamrigad, Tu daviTi
ufals uwodebs mas, rogorRa ekuTvnis Zed?~
50
nacvlad
imisa,
rom
sjulis
maswavleblebsa
da
sarwmunoebrivi
valdebulebebis Tavdauzogav aRmsruleblebs, romlebic, farisevelTa da
mwignobarTa saxeliT iyvnen cnobilni, ecnoT da mieRoT maT win, taZarSi
mdgari mesia, Ze RvTisa, gamocda mouwyes mas da TavianT damarcxebis
Semdgom dadumdnen. TavianTi dumiliT xalxs, romelic TiTqmis mzad iyo
ecno ieso rogorc qriste, Tav-gza daubnies.
mamisgan danergil, gaxarebul venaxSi
movida
Ze
mamis
mier
gagzavnili, mevenaxeebma ki is ar miiRes, rogorc aRiniSna.
,,maSin iesom mimarTa xalxs da Tavis mowafebs: moses savarZelze
mwignobarni da farisevelni sxedan. maS, yvelaferi, ris dacvasac girCeven
daicaviT da aRasruleT, magram maT saqmes nu mibaZavT vinaidan amboben da
ar asruleben. radgan, mZime tvirTs hkraven da Znelad satvirTvels, da
xalxs mxrebze adeben, TviTon ki TiTis ganZrevac ar surT mis dasaZravad.
Dda yvela TavianT saqmes akeTeben kacTa dasanaxavad. Aaganiereben TavianT
salocav Tasmebs da agrZeleben TavianTi samosis kalTebs (kabebze wminda
foCebis
(filaqteriebis)
ricxvis
gadidebiT
farisevlebi
sxvaTa
yuradRebis mipyrobas cdilobdnen). uyvarT, agreTve, wveulebebze sufris
TavSi jdoma da wina rigebi sinagogaSi. Dda misalmeba moednebze, raTa
xalxi mimarTavdes maT: rabi! rabi!~ Semdeg moswavleebs uTxra, Tqven ki nu
iwodebiT ase! vinaidan erTia moZRvari - qriste, xolo Tqven yvelani Zmebi
xarT. Nnurc mamas Tqvensas uwodebT vinmes am qveynad, vinaidan erTia mama
Tqveni zecieri. Dda nurc winamZRvrebad iwodebiT, vinaidan erTia Tqveni
winamZRvari – qriste, xolo Tqvens Soris udidesi msaxuri iyos. radgan
vinc aimaRlebs Tavis Tavs, damdabldeba. Dda vinc daimdablebs Tavis Tavs
- amaRldeba~. – Semdeg kvlav mimarTa farisevlebs - ,,vai Tqvenda,
mwignobarno da farisevelno, TvalTmaqcno, caTa sasufevels rom uxSobT
xalxs, vinaidan arc Tqven SedixarT da arc SemsvlelT anebebT Sesvlas.
vai, Tqvenda mwignobarno da farisevelno, TvalTmaqcno, vinaidan nTqavT
qvrivTa saxlebs da Tanac pirmoTned loculobT didxans, miT ufro mZime
iqneba Tqveni sasjeli.
vai
Tqvenda, mwignobarno da farisevelno, TvalTmaqcno, viaidan
daZrwixarT zRvasa da xmelze, raTa moaqcioT Tundac erTi kaci, da roca
moaqcevT, geeniis kerZaT aqcevT mas, TviT Tqvenze orjer metad.
vai Tqvenda mwignobarno da farisevelno, TvalTmaqcno, romlebic
ixdiT meaTeds pitnisas, kamisas da kvliavisas, da dagitevebiaT is, rac
umTavresia rjulSi: samarTali, wyaloba da rwmena. es unda geqnaT da ar
migetovebinaT (yoveli morwmune ebraeli valdebuli iyo Semosavlis
meaTedi gaeRo taZris sasargeblod saRvTo gadasaxadis saxiT. am wess
farisevelni imdenad bejiTad icavdnen rom TavianTi mamulSi moweuli
kamis Tu raime mwvanileulis meaTedsac ki
ixdidnen, xolo rjulis
51
umTavresi
saqme
–
samarTali,
wyaloba
da
sarwmunoeba
gamotovebuli
hqondaT).
brma winamZRvarno, romelnic swuravT qinqls da aqlems ki STanTqavT
(mcire araumTavres sarwmunoebriv moTxovnas – pedanturad asrulebdnen
(,,koRos wuravdnen~) magram umTavress ki ar asrulebdnen (STanTqavdnen
aqlems~).
vai, Tqvenda mwignobarno da farisevelno, TvalTmaqcno romelnic
garedan wmendT sasmissa Tu jams, SigniT ki savseni arian naZarcviTa da
naoxrebiT. Tvaldavsilno farisevelno, jer Signidan gawmindeT sasmisi
Tu jami, raTa wminda iyos garedanac~.
garegnulad marTalni hgonixarT xalxs, Signidan ki savseni xarT
TvalTmaqcobiTa da urjuloebiT, iqednes naSobno, rogor gaeqeciT geeniis
sasjels?
,,amitom, aha, gigzavniT winsarmetyvelT, brZenTa da mwignobarT, zogs
mohklavT da jvars acvamT, zogs maTraxiT scemT sinagogebSi da zogsac
qalaqidan
daTxeuli
qalaqad dauwyebT devnas. raTa moiwios
yoveli marTali sisxli, abel marTlis
sisxlamde baraqias Zisa,
sakurTxevels Soris.
zaqariasi,
romelic
Tqvenze amqveynad
sisxlidan vidre
mohkaliT
taZarsa
da
WeSmaritad geubnebiT Tqven, rom yovelive es moiweva am modgmaze~.
iesos
piridan
amosuli
simarTlis
sityvebis
mosmeniT
Tavzardacemuli farisevlebi xmas ver iRebdnen. winaswar icoda
macxovarma, rom ierusalimi mas ar miiRebda da kidev erTxel sinanuliT
Tqva: ,,ierusalim, ierusalim, winaswarmetyvelTa mkvlelo da Sendami
movlinebulTa qvebiT Camqolvelo! ramdenjer vcade Semekriba Seni
Svilebi, rogorc frinvelebi krebs bartyebs Tavis frTebqveS da ar isurve
da aha, grCebaT Tqveni saxli oxrad, radgan geubnebiT Tqven: veRar
mixilavT, amieridan,
saxeliT~ (maTe, 23).
sanam
ar
metyviT
kurTxeulia
momavali
uflis
farisevlebze ara nakleb iyvnen Tavzardacemulni iesos mowafeebi.
TiTqmis ori wlis manZilze elodnen isini am dRes, roca ieso viTarc
mesia Sevidoda
gamoacxadebdnen
taZarSi, sazeimo
mis
mosvlas,
didebulebiTa
Sesaxvedrad
da sayviris
gamovidnen
xmebiT
ilia
winaswarmetyveli da pirvelmRvdelmTavari da wminda mirons daasxamdnen
Tavze. qveynad damyardeboda RvTis samefo anu caTa sasufeveli. qriste,
viTarca Ze RvTisa dajdeboda samefo taxtze da mas daemorCileboda
msoflios yvela xalxi. nacvlad amisa ki ieso, maT TvalSi gawbilebuli
tovebs taZars, ras niSnavs es, man gadado Tavis gamocxadeba qristed? maS
RvTis samefo rodisRa damyardeba qveyanad?
52
iesom
ki
miatova
taZari
da
zeTisxilis
mTisken
gaemarTa.
ukan
gayolilma SeSfoTebulma mowafeebma cades kidev erTxel miexedebinaT
taZrisaken, iesom ki RvTis saxls, sadac Ze RvTisa ar miiRes dangreva
uwinaswarmetyvela, ,,qva qvaze ar darCeba aq, aramed yvelaferi daingreva,
eleonis anu zeTisxilis mTaze ieso didxans ijda dafiqrebuli mwuxare
ganmartoebiT. bolos miuaxlovdnen mowafeebi. maT taZarSi moismines qristes
saboloo naTqvami ,,veRar mixilavT amieridan, sanam ar ityviT kurTxeulia
momavali uflis saxeliT~. maSasadame ieso kvlav mova qveynad, oRond ukve
Tavisi didebiT, amitomac xalxi Sexvdeba mas viTarca uflis saxeliT mosuls
da kurTxeuls. am dros qveyana da taZari daingreva, rogorc man Tqva,
,,gviTxari rodis moxdeba es? an ra iqneba niSani Seni mosvlisa da saukunis
dasasrulisa?~ (maTe., 23:3 bolo).
- SeekiTxnen mowafeebi iesos.
sapasuxod iesom daadastura, rom meored mosvla moxdeba qveynis ngreviT,
manamde ki ,,fxizlad iyaviT, raTa aravin gacdunoT ,,vinaidan mravalni movlen
Cemi saxeliT da ityvian: me var qriste, da mravals acduneben~ (maTe, 24:4-5)
iesom mianiSna im devnaze, romelic qristianebs unda ganecadaT. magram es
ar iqneba dasasruli. dedamiwaze kacobriobis istoria dasruldeba qristes
mosvliT. es iqneba saSineli dro. msoflio katastrofa. msoflio omebiT,
xalxebisa da samefoebis erTmaneTTan brZolebiT. cruswavlebis gavrcelebiT.
cruwinaswarmetyvelni acduneben mravalT. daecema zneoba. urjuloebis
momravlebis gamo mravalSi ganeldeba siyvaruli. xolo vinc
bolomde moTmenas, igi cxondeba. sabolood yvela xalxSi
SesZlebs
iqadageba
sasufevlis saxareba, mTels qveyanaze. da swrafad, am dReTa Wiris Semdeg
dabneldeba mze, da mTvare aRar gamoscems naTels, da varskvlavebi
Camocvivdebian cidan, da SeiZrebian ciuri Zalebi.
,,da maSin gamoCndeba kacis Zis niSani caze da maSin moTqmas mohyveba
dedamiwis yoveli tomi, da ixilaven Zes kacisas momavals zecis Rrubelze
ZaliTa da didebiT mravliT. da moavlinebs Tavis angelozebs mgrgvinavi
sayviriT da Sekreben mis rCeulT oTxTave qarTagan zecaTa kididan maT
kidemde~ (maTe, 24:30-32).
rodis, romel wels, romel saukuneSi moxdeba es?
,,is dRe da is saaTi aravin icis, arc ciurma angelozebma, aramed mxolod
mamam~ (maTe, 24-36). amitom Tqven mzad iyaviT, vinaidan roca ar eliT, swored im
saaTs mova Ze kacisa. meored mosvlis Jams yvela adamiani cocxali Tu
gardacvlili, valdebuli iqneba pasuxi agos qristes winaSe. Ze kacisa
moulodneli mosvlisas Tavs waadgeba adamianebs TavianTi saqmeebis keTebis
Jams. amitomac yvelani unda iyon mzad da xelSi eWiroT TavianTi lampari.
gonierebi mudam mzad arian amisaTvis, rogorc windaxeduli qalwulebi,
romlebmac winaswar
moimarages
zeTi
TavianTi
lamprebisa -
Tavis
siZis
53
misaRebad. ugunurebma ki, romlebmac zeTi ar moimzades, Sua Ramisas, siZis
moulodneli mosvlis
sibneleSi aRmoCndnen
Jams, zeTi iTxoves, magram ver miiRes da gareT,
saxlis daketili karis win, romelSic siZesTan
mzadmyofi qalwulebi zeimobdnen. ugunurebs kari ar gauRo ufalma, da uTxra:
,,WeSmaritad geubnebiT ar gicnobT Tqven - maS, ifxizleT, vinaidan arc dRe
iciT da arc saaTi, rodis mova Ze kacisa~.
meored mosvlis Jams qriste mkacrad ganikiTxavs da dasjis im adamianebs,
romelTac RmerTma uboZa niWi da unari, maT ki nacvlad imisa, rom
gaemravlebinaT es Zvirfasi niWi RvTis sadideblad, uqmad, gamouyeneblad da
usargeblod gafantes. Tanaxmad igavisa mindobil talantTa Sesaxeb Tqmulze:
erTma mepatronem, saxlidan gamgzavrebis win TavianT msaxurebs Caabara
garkveuli raodenobis Tanxa (talantebi). orma, batonis aryofnisas, gaamravla
isini, erTma ki miwaSi Cafla. mosvlis Jams batonma Sesabamisad daafasa oris
Sroma, xolo mesame dasaja.
,,da rodesac mova Ze kacisa Tavisi didebiT da yvela wmida angelozi
masTan erTad, maSin dajdeba igi Tavisi didebis taxtze. da Seiyreba mis winaSe
yvela xalxi, da gaarCevs maT erTmaneTisagan, rogorc mwyemsi gamoarCevs
cxvrebs Txebisagan da daayenebs cxvrebs Tavis marjvniv, xolo Txebs marcxniv. maSin etyvis meufe mis marjvniv mdgomT: modiT, kurTxeulno mamis
Cemis mier,
dasabamidan.
da
daimkvidreT
sasufeveli,
TqvenTvis
gamzadebuli
qveynis
radgan mSioda da momeciT saWmeli, mwyuroda da masviT, ucxo viyavi da
SemiwynareT.
SiSveli viyavi da SemmoseT, sneuli viyavi da momxedeT, sapyrobileSi
viyavi da minaxuleT.
maSin marTalni pasuxad etyvian mas: ufalo, rodis gixileT Sen mSieri da
dagapureT? anda mwyurvali da gasviT Sen? rodis gixileT Sen ucxod da
SegiwynareT? anda SiSveli da SegmoseT Sen? rodis gixileT Sen sneuli, anda
sapyrobileSi, da ginaxuleT?
da miugebs meufe da etyvis maT: WeSmaritad geubnebiT Tqven: riTac
SeewieT erTs am Cems mcire ZmaTagans, imiT me SemewieT.
maSin etyvis marcxniv mdgomTac: wadiT Cemgan wyeulno, saukuno cecxlSi,
romelic eSmakisa da misi angelozebisaTvisaa gamzadebuli. radgan mSioda da
ar momeciT saWmeli, mwyuroda da ar masviT, ucxo viyavi da ar SemiwynareT,
SiSveli viyavi da ar SemmoseT, sneuli viyavi da sapyrobileSi da ar
minaxuleT...…riTac ar SeewieT erTs am Cems mcire ZmaTagans, imiT arc me
SemewieT. da wavlen eseni saukuno satanjvelSi, xolo marTalni - saukuno
sicocxleSi~.
54
mociqulebTan erTad iesom Rame gaaTia eleonis (zeTisxilis) mTaze,
sadac saerTod, iseve rogorc beTaniaSi, Rames aTevda taZarSi qadagebaTa
Semdgom (ix. luka, 2:37-38).
didi oTxSabaTi. 30 wlis 5 aprili
zeTisxilis mTaze, wina dRis qadagebis Semdgom, romelic Cans gvian
RamiT anda gamTeniisas dasrulda, iesom uTxra Tavis mowafeebs - ,,Tqven
iciT _ rom erTi dRis Semdeg iqneba paseqi, Ze kacisa miecema jvarze
sacmelad~ (maTe 26:1-2)
rogorc Cans mociqulebma
es
sityvebi
ver
aRiqves
pirdapiri
mniSvnelobiT, maT bolomde ar sjerodaT qristes dasja, da uWirdaT amis
gageba, xolo erTi mociquli daeWvda kidec, es iyo iuda. siyrmidanve
ebraelebi iRebdnen swavlas qristes didebiT mosvlis, mefed dajdomis da
ara misi jvarcmis Sesaxeb (jvarze xom avazakebs akraven, im droindeli
Cveulebis mixedviT). aseve, siyrmidanve maT esmodaT TviTmarqviaTa ambebi,
romlebic qristes saxels irqmevdnen, xalxs acdendnen da ajanyebdnen. vin
aris ieso, Tu qristea, sadaa misi dideba, ratom ar zis mefis taxtze,
marTalia ierusalimSi didebiT Sevida, xalxi xelSi rtoebiT Seegeba,
rogorc mefesa da uflis saxeliT kurTxeul mesias Seefereboda
(winaswarmetyvelebaTa Tanaxmad) uxednel virze ijda, magram taZarSi
misvlisas ar gaisma angelozTa sayviris mgrgvinavi xma, ar gamoCnda ilia,
pirvelmRvdelmTavarma mironi ar scxo Tavze! axla ieso qristes meore
didebiT mosvlis Sesaxeb laparakobs, magram jer xom pirvelad mosvlis
dideba unda gancxadebuliyo! ratom ar dadga qveynad caTa sasufeveli, ar
damyarda RmerTis samefo, rogorc mesiis mosvlis Semdgom unda yofiliyo
Tanaxmad winaswarmetyvelebaTa?! yvela am kiTxvas, imas Tu ratom ineba Ze
RmerTma gankaceba, upasuxa iesom meore dRes Tavis saboloo sityviT (ix.
ioane Tavi 14,15,16). magram iuda iskariotelisaTvis ukve gvian iyo. man amave
dRes gasca ieso.
an iqneb ase ar fiqrobda da Tavidanve iyo, `Ze warwymedilis~,
rogorc misi saqmidan gamoCnda: wavida mRvdelmTavrebTan da uTxra maT:
ris mocemas inebebT CemTvis, Tuki mas mogcemT? xolo maT miuwones
ocdaaTi vercxli~ (maTe, 26:14).
mRvdelmTavrebma uzomod
gaixares
iudas
misvliT.
swored
mis
misvlamde TaTbirobdnen rogor SeepyroT ieso mzakvrobiT da moeklaT.
undodaT am borotebis gakeTeba paseqis dResaswaulamde, sanam ierusalimSi
erTad Seikribeboda mlocvelTa uzomo ricxvi msoflios sxvadasxva
kuTxidan da mTeli palestinidan da eSinodaT xalxi ar ajanyebuliyo
iesos dasjis gamo (ix. maTe, 26:4-5).
mRvdelmTavrebs iuda Sehpirda,
rogorc
ki
xelsayrel
dros
moZebnida, iesos maT gadascemda (maTe, 26:16), xalxis dauswreblad (luka,
55
22:6). marTalia bevrma gamoCenilma da mTavarma adamianma irwmuna ieso,
magram ver aRiarebdnen farisevelTa gamo, raTa krebulidan (salocavidan)
ar moekveTaT. ,,radgan adamianTa dideba ufro uyvardaT, vidre RmerTis
dideba~ (ioane, 12:43). xalxSic uamravi saswauli moaxdina da mainc ar
iwames igi. raTa asrulebuliyo esaia winaswarmetyvelis sityva: romelmac
Tqva TvalTa dabrmavebisa da gulTa gaqvavebis Sesaxeb, Tumca ki mklavi
uflisa gamoecxadaT. amis miuxedavad iesom Tqva: ,,Tu vinme moismens Cems
sityvas da ar daicavs, me ar vasamarTleb mas, radgan me qveynis
gasasamarTleblad ki ara qveynierebis gadasarCenad movedi. mas vinc me
uarmyofs da ar miiRebs Cems sityvebs, hyavs mosamarTle. sityva, romelic
warmovTqvi is gaasamarTlebs mas ukanasknel dRes. radgan me CemiT ki ar
vilaparake, aramed mamam, romelmac warmomgzavna, momca mcneba ra unda
vTqva da ra vilaparako. me vici, rom misi mcneba saukuno sicocxlea,
amitom rasac vlaparakob, rogorc mamam miTxra, ise vlaparakob~ (ioane,
12:37-50).
didi xuTSabaTi, 30 wlis 6 aprili
axlovdeboda
ebraelTa
udidesi
dResaswauli
_
paseqi
(ZvelqarTulad
zatiki).
es
dRe
egviptelTa
monobisagan
eris
ganTavisuflebis aRsaniSnavad daawesa TviT ufalma: `uTxra ufalma moses
da Aaarons egviptis qveyanaSi: TveTa dasabami iyos TqvenTvis es Tve,
pirveli Tve iyos igi TqvenTvis weliwadis TveebSi. ase uTxra israelis
mTel sazogadoebas: am Tvis meaTe dRes mamis saxlze TiToeulma TiTo
kravi an Tikani daigulos. erTi kravi an Tikani saxlze. Tu kravis
SesaWmelad mcirea saxli, Seuamxanagdnen erTmaneTs karis mezoblebi da
suladobis mixedviT aiyvanon kravi. varaudi iqonieT, vis ramdeni Wama
SeuZlia. saRi, mamali, erTwliani unda iyos kravi an Tikani. am Tvis
meToTxmete dRemde Seinaxon. mere daklas israelis mTelma sazogadoebam
saRamoxans. aiRon misi sisxli da scxon im saxlis orive wirTxlsa da
karisTavs sadac Seudgebian Wamas. imave Rames SeWamon cecxlze Semwvari
xorci da xmiadi. mware balaxi Seatanon~ (gam, 12:1-8).
maSasadame, paseqi idResaswauleboda anu ,,mzaddeboda~ pirveli Tvis
meToTxmete dRes, daRamebisas (ricxvTa 9:3). ebrauli kalendris pirvel
Tves aprili warmoadgenda. mas ,,nizani~ erqva. nizanis 14 uwevda 30 wlis 7
aprils, paraskevs, daRamebis Semdeg. magram ebraelTa Cveulebisamebr axali
dRe swored daRamebisas iwyeboda anu paraskevis saRamo imavdroulad
SabaTi dRis dasawyissac warmoadgenda. SabaTi ki sauflo dRe iyo, xolo
ufuarobis anu xmiadTa dResaswaulis SabaTi did dRed miiCneoda.
(ufuarobis dResaswauli 7 dRes grZeldeboda da iwyeboda paseqis meore
56
dRes), savaraudoa, rom swored am mizezis (didi SabaTis) gamo paseqi
,,moamzades~ erTi dRiT adre 30 wlis 6 aprils, xuTSabaTs, anu 13 nisansa
da 14 nisans Soris RamiT. (qristes bolo sapaseqo saRamos Sesaxeb
arsebobs uvrcelesi literatura da RvTismetyvelTa erTmaneTisagan
ramdenadme gansxvavebuli Tvalsazrisi ix. ,,tolkovaia biblia~ tomi III,
pet. 1911-1913 gv. 407, Sen 17).
mRvdelmTavrebsa
da
farisevlebs
iesos
mokvla
surdaT
dResaswaulamde, rogorc viciT maT aRasrules wadili da is mokles
paraskevs. aqedan Cans, rom dResaswaulis mTavar dRed isini SabaTs (e.i. 15
nizans) miiCnevdnen, romelic paraskevis saRamodan iwyeboda.
rogorc aRiniSna
sazogadoebam, am wels paseqi
odnav
adre
idResaswaula da tarigi anu kravi 14 nisans ukve dakluli da SeWmuli
oyo, magram WeSmariti Sesawiri, swored Tavis dros iqna dakluli –
paraskevs – 14-Si.
~axali aRqmis
saRvTowerilis
ganmartebiT,
Zveli
aRqmis
kravi
zatikisa moaswavebda ieso qristes, ai msgavsebac – sazatiko kravi unda
gamoerCiaT mTeli cxvris faridan, iesoc saukuniTganve winagamzadebuli
iyo, raTa vnebuliyo kacTa naTesavisaTvis, da rogorc tarigi daklul
iqna dasabamiTganve soflisa (gamocx., 13:8). sazatiko msxverplisaTvis
saWiro iyo verZi, mamali kravi, agreTve qvynisaTvis msxverplad unda
Sewiruliyo RmerTkaci, Ze RvTisa, romelmac miiRo buneba mamakacisa. kravi
unda amoerCiaT umanko, uzado, rom mas ar hqonoda raime xorcieli nakli.
agreTve ieso qristesac saRvTo werili uwodebs wmidad, umankod,
Seugineblad, codvilTagan ganSorebulad, ubiwod (I petre 1,19 ebr., 7,26) da
miawers mas sisrules RvTaebrivi kacobrivi bunebisa. sazatiko kravi
ikvleboda saRamos. ieso qristemac xorciTa sikvdilisa gemo ixila
saRamoTi. Wamis dros kravis Zvlebi ar unda SeemusraT, arc qristes Zvali
Semusvrila jvarcmis Jams. dakluli kravis sisxlis meoxebiT uriani
uvneblad da uzaralod gadaurCnen mmusvrel angelozs, morwmunenic
qristes sisxliT gamoixsnen RvTis risxvisagan. kravis xorcis Wama
akavSirebda da aerTebda ebraelebs RmerTTan, agreTve morwmunenic iesos
sisxlis
da
xorcis
miRebiT
mWidrod
ukavSirdebian
mas~
(ix.
saxelmZRvanelo Zveli da axali aRTqmis wignTa Sesaswavlad Sedgenili
a.p.-sis mier, 1909, gv. 50).
luka ambobs: - ~da dadga dRe ufuarobisa, roca unda daeklaT
sapaseqe kravi. da gagzavna petre da iovane da uTxra maT: wadiT da
mogvimzadeT paseqi, raTa vWamoT. xolo maT Tqves: sad gnebavs, rom
mogimzadoT?~ (luka 22:7-9). iesom uTxra maT Tu sad unda eWamaT paseqi.
mowafeebi wavidnen, maT daxvdaT vrceli, gawyobili darbazi. aq moamzades
paseqi.
57
am dRis saRamos (xuTSabaTs) Tormet mowafesTan
erTad ieso dajda
sufrasTan. paseqi (anu Semwvari Kkravis xorci, ufuebeli puriTa (xmiadiT)
da mware balaxiT) fexze mdgomT unda eWamaT Tavdapirveli wesis Tanaxmad.
magram Semdgom wesad SemouRiaT jdoma, viTarca ukve Tavisufali eris
Svilebs, radganac fexze dgomiT Wamads monebi Wamdnen. berZnulaRmosavluri
Cveulebis
Tanaxmad
nadims
Seeqceodnen – rasac inaxiT jdoma erqva.
Tavsdebodnen). maT Tanameinaxeni erqvaT.
serobis win mowafeebma davis sagnad
TiTqmis
wamowolilebi
dabal taxtze (or-orni
aqcies,
Tu
romeli
unda
damjdariyo inaxiT
iesosTan, an mis axlos. es sakiTxi saerTod maT
momaval yofasac Seexeboda Tu caTa sasufevelSi vin unda mjdariyo
qristes gverdiT. luka wers - ~daobdnen imazec, Tu vin ufro didad unda
Seracxiliyo maTSi~ (luka, 22-24). ufalma uTxra, rom kamaTi pirvelobaze
mociqulTa Soris ar unda warmoiSvas. es axasiaTebT warmarT mefeebs –
eZeben sxvebze amaRlebas – xolo ~Tqven nu iqnebiT egre, aramed udidesi
Tqvens Soris rogorc umciresi da winamZRvari – rogorc msaxuria radgan
vin ufro didia: vinc sufras uzis Tu vinc sufras emsaxureba? ra Tqma
unda, vinc sufras uzis. xolo me var Tqvens Soris, rogorc msaxuri. Tqven
ki xarT Cems gansacdelSi Cems gverdiT myofi. da me aRgiTqvamT Tqven,
rogorc me aRmiTqva mamam Cemma sasufeveli, raTa WamdeT da svamdeT Cems
tablaze Cemsav sasufevelSi da dasxdebiT taxtebze, raTa gansajoT
israelis Tormeti tomi~ (luka 22:26-30).
Cveulebis
Tanaxmad,
serobis
win
momsaxure
fexebs
banda
motrapezeebs. pirvelobisaTvis erTmaneTTan modave mowafeebs ar uzruniaT
am wesis SesrulebisaTvis, anu sxvebis fexebis dabanisaTvis, darbazSi
mxolod ieso da Tormeti mociquli imyofeboda. Cans aq msaxuri ar iyo.
ufalma ineba TviTonve eCvenebina Tavmdablobis magaliTi, rom mociqulebi
gandidebas
erTmaneTs.
ki
ar
unda cdilobdnen,
aramed imas
rogor
moemsaxuron
ieso wamodga da moemzada fexTbanis wesis Sesasruleblad: gaixada
zeda samoseli, welze Semoirtya pirsaxoci. ,,Semdeg Caasxa wyali
sabanelSi da daiwyo mowafeebis fexebis bana da SemSraleba pirsaxociT,
romelic welze hqonda Semortymuli. mivida simon-petresTan, man ki uTxra:
ufalo Sen unda dambano fexebi? iesom uTxra pasuxad: rasac vakeTeb axla
ar ici, Semdeg gaigeb. petrem uTxra: arasodes ar damban, fexebs. iesom
uTxra: Tu ar dagban, CemTan ar geqneba wili, simon petrem uTxra: ufalo,
marto Cemi fexebi ki ara, aramed xelebic da Tavic. iesom uTxra: ganbanils
aRar sWirdeba dabana. garda fexebisa, radgan is mTlad wmindaa da Tqvenc
wminda xarT, mxolod yvela ara. radgan icoda vin gascemda. amitom Tqva:
yvelani ara xarT wmindani. fexebi rom dabana maT da Tavisi samoseli aiRo
58
da kvlav
dajda,
uTxra maT: iciT ra gagikeTeT? Tqven me miwodebT
moZRvars da ufals. sworad ambobT, radgan me var. amitom Tuki me,
moZRvarma da ufalma dagbaneT fexebi, Tqvenc erTmaneTs unda dabanoT
fexebi, radgan me magaliTi mogeciT, raTa, rogorc me gagikeTeT, Tqvenc
gaakeToT~. (ioane, 13:5-15). iesom ganagrZo swavleba, romlis Semdegac, Cans
mowafeebma iesos garSemo adgilebi dainawiles. yvelaze axalgazrda da am
mxriv ,,patara~ ioane iesosTan inaxiT dajda xolo maTTan yvelaze axlo
taxtze Cans iuda iskarioteli, romelic ,,erTgulebis~ gamoCenas
cdilobda, da petre moTavsdnen (mociqulTa ganawilebis Taobaze azrTa
sxvadasxvaoba arsebobs), aseve inaxiT. ase rom iesos gverdiT adgili ergo
ara yvelaze ,,dids~ aramed ,,patara~- ioanes
ieso
iuda
petre
taxti
taxti
ioane
magida
taxti
taxti
iesom mociqulebTan mimarTvisas aseTi frazac warmoTqva - ,,yvela
Tqvenganze ar vlaparakob, me vici vinc amovirCie, oRond raTa aRsruldes
werili: Cemi purismWamelma qusli aRmarTa Cemze~ (ioane, 13:18).
Semdeg ieso daRonda da Tqva: ,,WeSmaritad, WeSmaritad geubnebiT
Tqven: erTi Tqvengani gamcems me. mowafeebma erTmaneTs Sexedes uazrod vis Sesaxeb laparakobda. iesos mkerdze mieyrdno erTi mowafeTagani,
romelic uyvarda iesos. simon petre aniSnebs mas da eubneba: uTxari vinaa,
visze laparakobs. igi mkerdze miekra iesos da uTxra: ufalo vinaa igi?
iesom upasuxa: es isaa, visac amovuweb lukmas da mivcem. awebs lukmas da
aZlevs iuda simonisas iskariotels. am lukmis Semdeg satana Sevida masSi.
maSin uTxra mas iesom: rasac akeTeb, male gaakeTe. magram moinaxeTagan
veravin gaigo, risTvis uTxra is mas. raki yulaba iudas hqonda, zogma
ifiqra, rom ieso eubneba mas: sadResaswaulod gviyide rac gvWirdeba _ an
kidev, rom raime mieca RaribebisaTvis, is ki rogorc ki lukma aiRo,
dauyovnebliv gavida da iyo Rame~ (ioane, 13:21-30).
59
iesos iuda SeekiTxa kidec ,,me xom ara var rabi Seni gamcemi?~ iesom
upasuxa - ,,Sen sTqvi~. marilSi Cawebuli lukmis miRebis Semdeg iuda
gaeSura boroti saqmis Sesasruleblad.
sapaseqo saRamos ceremoniali Tavdapirvelad, sxvagvari iyo. ieso
qristes droisaTvis aseTi saxiT momdinareobda: Sekrebili sazogadoeba
pirvelad iRebda erT jam Rvinos da adRegrZelebda saxlis ufross,
xelebis dabanis Semdeg dResaswauli iwyeboda imiT, rom TiToeuli iRebda
mware balaxs da Wamda. Semdeg ikiTxeboda kanonidan winaswar arCeuli
adgili. Semdeg Camoatarebdnen meore jam Rvinos, romlis drosac saxlis
patroni (Tanaxmad, gam. 12:26) uxsnida Tavis vaJs, misi SekiTxvis Semdeg,
dResaswaulis mizansa da daniSnulebas.
rasac mosdevda - galeli (aliluia fs. 112-113), romlis drosac
Seismeboda aRniSnuli sasmisi. mxolod Semdgom Seudgebodnen Semwvari
kravisa da ufuari puris Jamas. (kerZod jer akurTxebdnen da gatexdnen
purs) swored es iyo dResaswauli. Wamis damTavrebis Semdeg patroni kvlav
daibanda xelebs, madlobda RmerTs dResaswaulis moniWebisTvis da
ikurTxebda
mesame
jams,
romelsac
madlis
Sesawiri
(RvTisadmi
samadlobelo) erqva. da svamda mas amxanagebTan erTad. Semdeg meoTxe
jamsac Camoatarebdnen. igalobeboda galeli (fsalmuni 114-117), romlis
drosac jamiT iloceboda saxlis patroni fsalmunis sityvebiT, (fs. 117).
es oTxi sasmisi unda Sesmuliyo am dResaswaulis dRes, rogorc mdidris,
ise Raribis mier. (ix. `tolkovaia biblia~, t.III, gv 418, Sen. 27).
safiqrebelia, rom Llukas mier gadmocemuli sityvebi
`da aiRo
sasmisi, madli Seswira da Tqva: miiReT da gaiyaviT erTmaneTs Soris,
radgan geubnebiT Tqven, rom aRar davlev yurZnis nayofisagan, vidre ar
moiweva RmerTis sasufeveli~ - iesom Tqva pirveli sasmisis Semdeg. man
aseve Seasrula puris kurTxevisa da gatexis da sasmisis Sesmis dadgenili
wesi, magram Tqva sityvebi, romelic iqca momavali eklesiis gamaerTianebel
niSnad. saTave daudo evqaristias, wminda ziarebas. luka gadmoscems
serobis msvlelobis suraTs - `da aiRo puri, madli Seswira, gatexa misca
maT da Tqva: es aris Cemi xorci, romelic mogeciT Tqven. es hyaviT Cems
mosaxseneblad.
agreTve sasmisic aiRo serobis Semdeg da Tqva: es sasmisi axali
aRTqmaa Cemi sisxlis mier, romelic daiTxeva TqvenTvis~ (luka, 22:19-20).
maTec adasturebs, rom qristes sisxliT daido axali aRTqma
RmerTsa da kacobriobas Soris:
`da roca Wamdnen isini, aiRo puri iesom da akurTxa, gatexa, misca
mowafeebs da uTxra: miiReT, WameT, es aris Cemi xorci.
da aiRo sasmisi da akurTxa, misca maT da Tqva: amiT sviT yvelam. es
aris
Cemi
sisxli
axlisa
aRTqmisa
mravalTaTvis
daTxeuli
codvaTa
60
misateveblad~ (maTe, 26:26-27). es iyo miniSneba, rom RmerTs Tavi unda
Seewira kacobriobisaTvis. misi sisxli adamianTa codvaTa misateveblad
daiTxeoda. swored mis xorcTan da sisxlTan ziarebiT mieniWeboda
adamians Tavis Tavdapirvel (adamis codvamdel) bunebasTan daaxloebis,
dabrunebis ufleba. garda amisa qristes morwmuneebs saukuneTa manZilze
aerTianebs es sasmisi, romelic niSania qristes maT Soris yofnisa, erT
eklesiad gaerTianebisa. qristes gamosyidviT sisxli – evqaristiis
saidumlo axali aRTqmisa dawesda mesame sasmisis dros,
dasasruls, rogorc pavle wers `serobis Semdeg~ (I kor. 11:25).
serobis
iesom ase mimarTa mociqulebs sabolood:
`axal mcnebas gaZlevT Tqven: raTa giyvardeT erTmaneTi, rogorc me
SegiyvareT Tqven, Tqvenc ise giyvardeT erTmaneTi. Cemi mowafeebi rom xarT,
imiT gaigeben yvelani, Tu siyvaruli geqnebaT erTmaneTs Soris~ (ioane,
13:33-35).
axali aRTqmis upirvelesi mcnebaa, `giyvardeT erTmaneTi~ es mcneba
ufalma ieso qristem mowafeTa mimarT warmoTqva, rogorc anderZi,
radganac manamde Tqva `Svilebo, kidev mciredsRa var TqvenTan. momZebniT
da, rogorc iudevelebs vuTxari, rom sadac mivdivar, Tqven ver SeZlebT
mosvlas, aseve geubnebiT Tqvenc axla~ - ris gamoc simon-petre SeekiTxa
ufals - `ufalo, saiT midixar?~
iesom upasuxa: axla ver SesZleb rom gamomyve iq, sadac mivdivar,
Semdeg ki gamomyvebi~.
- ufalo ratom ar SemiZlia, rom axla gamogyve? Cems sicocxles
davdeb SenTvis.
- sicocxles dadeb CemTvis? WeSmaritad, WeSmaritad geubnebi Sen:
mamali ar iyivlebs, sanam samjer ar uarmyof – uTxra iesom petres.
- amis Semdeg, roca iesom ixila daRonebuli mowafeebi, romlebmac
ar icodnen saiT midioda maTi ufali, gaamxneva isini da mimarTa saboloo
sityviT.
`nu SekrTeba Tqveni guli, iwameT RmerTi da miwameT me. mamaCemis
saxlSi bevri savanea. es rom ase ar iyos, getyodiT, me mivdivar, raTa
adgili mogimzadoT. rodesac waval da adgils mogimzadebT, isev moval
da CemTan wagiyvanT, raTa sadac me mivdivar, iyoT Tqvenc, sadac me
mivdivar, gza iciT.
Tomam uTxra - ufalo, ar viciT, sad midixar da gza rogorRa
gvecodineba?
iesom uTxra - me var gza da WeSmariteba da sicocxle. mamasTan
veravin miva, Tu ara Cems mier. me rom micnobdeT, mamaCemic gecodinebaT.
amieridan icnobT mas da ginaxavT igi.
filipem uTxra: - ufalo gvaCvene mama da sakmarisia CvenTvis.
61
iesom uTxra mas – raxania TqvenTan var, ver micnob me filipe? vinc
me mixila, ixila mama. rogorRa ambob gvaCvene mamao? gana ar gwams rom me
mamaSi var da mama CemSi~.
Semdeg ki uTxra maT – Tu me giyvarvarT, Cemi mcnebani daicaviT da me
mamas Sevevedrebi da is nugeSinismcemels mogcemT, raTa TqvenTan iyos
saukunod. – WeSmaritebis suls, ris miRebac ar SeuZlia qveynierebas,
radgan ar xedavs da ar icnobs mas. Tqven ki icnobT mas, radgan TqvenTan
rCeba da TqvenTan iqneba ...
visac Cemi mcnebani aqvs da icavs maT, mas vuyvarvar me da visac me
vuyvarvar, Seyvarebuli iqneba mamaCemis mier da mec Seviyvareb mas da
TviTon gamovecxadebi...
nugeSinismcemeli
ki,
suli
wminda,
romelsac
Cemi
saxeliT
warmoagzavnis mama, yvelafers gaswavliT da yvelafers gagaxsenebT, rac
TqvenTvis miTqvams...
me var vazi WeSmariti, mamaCemi ki – mevenaxe…...
me vazi var, Tqven ki lerwmebi. vinc CemSi rCeba da me masSi, igi bevr
nayofs gamoiRebs, radgan uCemod arafris gakeTeba ar SegiZliaT...
esaa Cemi mcneba: raTa giyvardeT erTmaneTi, rogorc me SegiyvareT
Tqven. imaze meti siyvaruli aravis gaaCnia, vidre vinc suls dasdebs Tavis
megobrisaTvis. Tqven ki Cemi megobrebi xarT, Tu gaakeTebT rasac mcnebad
gidebT, aRar giwodebT monebs, vinaidan monam ar icis ras akeTebs misi
batoni, aramed megobrebs
mamaCemisagan movismine ...
giwodebT,
radgan
yvelaferi
gamcneT
rac
amas gidebT mcnebad Tqven, raTa giyvardeT erTmaneTi. Tu Tqven
qveynierebas sZulxarT, icodeT, rom Tqvenze uwin me momiZula. Tqven rom
qveynierebisagan iyoT, qveynierebas eyvareboda Tavisi. da raki ara xarT
qveynierebisagan, aramed me gamogarCieT qveynierebidan, amitomac sZulxarT
qveynierebas. . .
Cems moZules mamaCemic sZuls ...
roca mova nugeSinismcemeli – romelsac me warmogigzavniT mamisgan –
WeSmaritebis suli, romelic mamisgan momdinareobs, is daamowmebs Cems
Sesaxeb ...
magram
WeSmaritebas
geubnebiT Tqven: TqvenTvis
ukeTesia,
me rom
wavide, rameTu Tu ar waval, nugeSinismcemeli ver mova Tqvengan. da Tu
waval me warmovgzavni mas TqvenTan, da roca mova is, amxilebs qveynierebas
codvis Sesaxeb. simarTlisa da sasamarTlos Sesaxeb codvaze, me rom ar
miwames. simarTleze, me rom mamasTan mivdivar da ukve veRar mixilavT.
samarTalze, rom mTavari am qveynierebisa gasamarTldeba. kidev bevri maqvs
TqvenTvis saTqmeli, magram veRar itvirTavT. roca mova is suli
WeSmaritebisa, SegiZRvebaT yovel WeSmaritebaSi, radgan TavisiT ki ar
62
ilaparakebs,
aramed
imas
ilaparakebs,
rasac
ismens
da
momavals
gamogicxadebT Tqven. igi ganmadidebs me, radgan Cemgan miiRebs da Tqven
gamogicxadebT. yvelaferi rac mamas gaaCnia Cemia. amitom giTxariT: Cemgan
miiRebs da Tqven gauwyebT ... (ioane, Tavi 15-16).
iesom kvlav ganagrZo Tavisi sityva. bolos Tqva `es imitom giTxariT,
raTa mSvidoba iqonioT CemSi. qveynierebaze Wiri
gamagrdiT. me vZlie qveyniereba~ Semdeg ki iloca
yvelasaTvis,
uwodeben.
vinc
ki
mas
irwmunebs.
am
locvas
geqnebaT. magram
mowafeTaTvis da
mRvdelTmTavrulsac
`iesom cas mapyro Tvalebi da Tqva:
mamao, dadga Jami, ganadide Seni Ze, raTa Zem gangadidos Sen. iseve,
rogorc mieci Zalaufleba mas yvela xorcielze, raTa yvelas, romlebic
mas mieci, misces saukuno sicocxle, esaa saukuno sicocxle, rom
gicnobdnen Sen, erTaderT WeSmarit RmerTs da vinc Sen warmogzavne – ieso
qristes.
me gangadide dedamiwaze, Sevasrule Seni saqme, rac momeci, rom
gamekeTebina. axla ki Sen, mamao ganmadide imave didebiT rac gamaCnda
SenTan qveynierebis gaCenis win. Seni saxeli vacnobe adamianebs, romlebic
Sen momeci qveynierebisagan. Seni iyvnen isini da me momeci da Seni sityva
daicves maT ...
me aRar var qveynierebaze, magram isini arian qveynierebaze. me ki
SenTan movdivar. mamao wmidao, daicavi isini Seni saxeliT, romlebic Sen
momeci raTa Cevnebr erTi iyvnen!...
me mxolod maTTvis ar gevedrebi, aramed imaTzec, visac Cemi swams
maTi sityviT. raTa yvela erTi iyos, rogorc Sen CemSi mamao, me ki – SenSi,
raTa isinic iyvnen CemSi, raTa irwmunos qveynierebam, rom Sen warmomgzavne~
(io. 17).
sapaseqo serobis dasrulebis Semdeg, rogorc aRniSnuli iyo,
igalobeboda fsalmunebi. mociqulebmac igalobes da wavidnen zeTisxilis
mTaze (maTe, 26:30).
maSin uTxra maT iesom: Tqven yvelani SecdebiT amaRam Cems gamo,
vinaidan dawerilia: davcem mwyemss, da ganibnevian faris cxvrebi. xolo
Cemi aRdgomis Semdeg wagiZRvebiT Tqven galileisaken~ (maTe: 28: 31-32).
iudas garda yvela mociquli galileidan iyo, sadac wlebis
manZilze moRvaweobda ieso. Tavis TavSi dajerebulma petrem macxovars
uTxra: `yvela rom Secdes Sens gamo, me arasodes Sevcdebi. uTxra iesom:
WeSmaritad geubnebi Sen: amaRam mamlis yivilamde samjer uarmyof me. miugo
mas petrem: SenTan erTad rom miwios sikvdilma, arasodes uargyof Sen. da
aseve ambobda yvela mowafe~ ( maTe, 26: 34-35).
iesom Seaxsena mociqulebs:
63
-
roca me wargzavneT ufuTod, uabgod da fexSiSvelad Tu dagakldaT
-
rame?
araferi – miuges maT.
-
-
amJamad ki, visac aqvs fuTa, waiRos, agreTve abgac xolo unda
aRsruldes Cemze es werili – borotmoqmedTa Soris Seiracxao.
radgan is, rac daiwera Cemze, dasasruls uaxlovdeba ufalo, aha ori maxvili! – Tqves mociqulebma.
maT pirdapiri mniSvnelobiT gaiges iesos naTqvami, brZolis dawyebis
drois dadgomis Sesaxeb, amitomac Cans gaugebrobis Tavidan acilebis
mizniT Tqva iesom - `sakmarisia~.
ieso Cveulebisamebr avida zeTisxilis mTaze, kerZod ki adgilze,
romelsac erqva geTsimania. aq uTxra mowafeebs - ` - iloceT, raTa ar
SexvideT sacdunebelSi~. xolo TviTon Tan waiyvana petre da zebedes ori
Ze. da daiwyo urva da mwuxareba. maSin uTxra iesom: mwuxarea Cemi suli,
vidre sikvdilamde. iyaviT aq da ifxizleT CemTan erTad. da cotaze
gaSorda maT, pirqve daemxo, loculobda da ambobda: mamao Cemo! Tuki
SesaZloa amcdes es sasmisi Tumca ara rogorc me mnebavs, aramed rogorc
Sen.
da
moevlina
angelozi
zeciT,
Sepyrobili, ufro gulmxurvale
wveTebad epkureboda miwas.
da
ganamtkicebda
loculobda da misi
mas.
ofli
urviT
sisxlis
iloca, adga da movida Tavis mowafeebTan da mwuxarebisagan Zilad
mivardnili hpova isini. da uTxra: rad gZinavT? adeqiT da iloceT raTa ar
SexvideT sacdunebelSi. suli mxnea, magram xorcia uZluri.
meoradac gaSorda maT: loculobda da ambobda: `mamao Cemo! Tuki
SesaZlebalia amcdes es sasmisi, raTa ar Sevsva igi, de, iyos neba Seni~. da
movida da kvlav mZinareni hpova isini, radgan Tvalebi damZimebodaT.
miatova isini, mesamedac gaSorda maT, da kvlav igive sityvebi
warmoTqva. mere movida Tavis mowafeebTan da uTxra maT: `kvlavindeburad
gZinavT da ganisvenebiT? aha moawia drom, da Ze kacisa mieca codvilTa
xelSi. adeqiT, wavediT: aha, mogviaxlovda Cemi gamcemi~ (maTe., 26:36-46,
luka., 22:39-46).
didi paraskevi 30 wlis 7 aprili (14 nizani)
Ramis 6-sa da 7 aprils Soris martod-marto yvelasgan mitevebuli
loculobda ieso geTsimaniis baRSi. ise Zlier, rom misi piris ofli
viTarca sisxlis wveTebi ecemoda miwas. marto ivneboda da martom
daamarcxa cduneba – ineba sasmisis Sesma da, aha, Ramis sibneleSi uceb
64
gamoCnda brbo. lamprebis Suqze Canda taZris mcvelTa razmis, farisevelTa
da mRvdelTmTavarTa msaxurebis maxvilebi, ketebi da waTebi. xalxs win
mouZRoda iuda iskarioteli. Ramis sibneleSi razmelebs rom gaerkviaT Tu
baRSi myofTaA Soris romeli iyo ieso qriste, iuda eambora Tavis
moZRvars. es iyo niSani `xolo iesom uTxar mas: iuda, maS, amboriT gascem
kacis Zes?~ (luka 22-48).
gamcemis niSanze xalxi uceb Semoexvia iesos.
ieso SeekiTxa Semoxveul xalxs – vis eZebT?
upasuxes – ieso nazarevels!
`rodesac uTxra: me var, daixies ukan da miwaze daecnen.
kvlav hkiTxa maT: vis eZebT? maT uTxres: ieso nazarevels.
iesom uTxra: giTxariT rom me var, me Tu meZebT, gauSviT isini
wavidnen~ (io. 18:5-8).
ieso gulisxmobda mociqulebs, maTi gaSveba Txova brbos. roca
axladgaRviZebulma da gaocebulma petrem ixila rom xalxi samtrod iyo
mosuli, iSiSvla maxvili, dascxo mRvdelTmTavris monas da marjvena yuri
CamoaTala. monas malqozi erqva.
iesom uTxra petres:
- Caage maxvili qarqaSSi,
radgan
yvela
vinc
aiRebs
maxvils,
maxviliTve daiRupeba, an iqneb ggonia, rom ar SemiZlia Sevevedro
mamas Cemsas da warmogzavnis angelozTa Tormet legionsAda ufro
metsac, rogorRa aRsruldeba werili, rom ase unda moxdes? (maTe.,
26:52-54). gana ar Sevsva sasmisi, romelic mamam momca? (io., 18-10).
moeSviT (brbos), kmara! (luka., 22-51).
Semdeg Seexo malqozis yurs da ganikurna igi. mis Sesapyrobad
mosul mRvdelmTavrebs, taZris winamZRvrebsa da uxucesebs iesom uTxra:
rogorc avazaks, maxvilebiTa da waTebiT momixtiT, dReniadag
TqvenTan viyavi taZarSi da xeli ar aRgimarTavT Cemze, magram axla Tqveni
droa da bnelis meufeba (luka – 22:52). xolo yovelive es iqmna, raTa
aRsruldes dawerili winaswarmetyvelTa mier (maTe., 26:56).
amis Semdeg yvela mowafem miatova moZRvari da SeSinebuli gaiqca.
erTi Wabuki mowafe, romelsac SiSvel sxeulze moesxa saburveli, Seipyres
razmelebma, Seatova xelSi saburveli da SiSveli gaiqca (mark,. 14:52).
Sepyrobili
ieso
qriste
ierusalimSi. jer kidev Rame iyo.
waiyvanes
mRvdelmTavris
saxlSi,
im wlis mRvdelmTavari iyo kaiafa (mkacri, magram unebisyofo kaci),
masze ufro mometebuli gavleniTaA da avtoritetiT sargeblobda yofili
mRvdelmTavari anna (xanna). is sinedrionis wevrebis pativiscemiT
sargeblobda, magram romael xelisufalTa mier gadayenebul iqna. mis
nacvlad daniSnul iqna misi siZe, rogorc aRiniSna ioseb kaiafa. swored
65
didi gavlenis gamo ieso pirvelad annasTan miiyvanes. safiqrebelia, rom
mRvdelmTavris saxlSi mas Tavisi samyofeli gaaCnda. iq Seiyvanes ieso.
upirveles yovlisa anna iesos SeekiTxa misi mowafeebisa da misi swavlebis
Sesaxeb. yvelas, gansakuTrebiT ki sadukevelebs, aSinebdaT romaelTa
sawinaaRmdegod xalxis ajanyebani imaT mier, romelnic TavianT Tavs
uwodebdnen iudevelTa mefesa da mesias, aseTni qveyanaSi gamoCndebodnen
xolme dro da dro.
-
iesom kiTxvaze upasuxa:
me aSkarad vesaubrebodi qveynierebas da mudam vaswavlidi sinagogaSi
da taZarSi, sadac yvela iudeveli ikribeba. farulad araferi
milaparakia. me ras mekiTxebi? hkiTxe msmenelebs, ras velaparakebodi
maT. ai, maT ician ras vambobdi~. (io., 18:19-22).
pasuxis kilo Cans, ar moewona erT iq mdgom msaxurs da gaartya iesos,
-
sityvebiT:
ase pasuxob mRvdelmTavars?
Tu cudi vTqvi daamowme cudis Sesaxeb da Tu kargi - rad mcem? –
upasuxa iesom.
amis Semdeg annam brZana xelebi SeekraT iesosaTvis da gaugzavna
mRvdelmTavar kaiafas. es is kaiafa iyo, romelmac iudevelebs urCia jobia
erTi kaci mokvdes xalxisaTviso.
mRvdelmTavris saxlis ezos galavani ertya. gabneul mowafeTagan
mxolod petrem da ioanem gabedes malulad
gahyolodnen
ierusalimSi mimaval brbos. ioane – mRvdelmTavris nacnobi
baRidan
iyo da
viTarca erTi seiris mayurebelTagani Sehyva iesos mRvdelmTavris ezoSi.
petre ki gareT darCa, Semdeg man petres Seyvanac SeZlo. civi Ramis gamo
ezoSi cecxli enToT. petre cecxlTan idga da Tbeboda. sinaTleze Cans
igi icnes da uTxres: `Senc misi mowafeTagani ara xar?~, petrem uaryo: `ara
var~ - uTxra mxeval qals.
Semdgom meore kacma, mRvdelmTavris monam,
yurmoWrilis naTesavma
icon petre da Tqva: `gana masTan ar gnaxe baRSi?~ - petrem kvlav uaryo.
kaiafasTan
mwignobrebi da uxucesebi iyvnen Sekrebilni. aqve,
sagangebod am SemTxvevisaTvis, Sekrebiliyo mTeli sinedrioni. im RamiT
sinedrioni iesos saqmis, rogorc gansakuTrebulis, gansaxilvelad orjer
Sekrebila (gvian RamiT da gamTeniisas. sinedrionis sxdomas ase aRweren:
wevrebi sxdebodnen rkaliseburad, ise, rom TiToeuli mosamarTle xedavda
yvelas. maT win mwerali idga. erTi marcxniv, meore marjvniv da iwerdnen
gamamarTlebel sityvebsa da gamamtyunebel sityvebs, maT win mowafeTa sami
mwkrivi isxda. yvelam icoda Tavis adgili. im SemTxvevaSi, roca saqme
sikvdil-sicocxles
exeboda proceduras sagangebo msvleloba hqonda,
mosamarTleebs cota unda eWamaT, Rvino mTel dRes ar unda daeliaT, saqme
66
mTeli Ramis manZilze unda gaerCiaT, diliT adre unda amdgariyvnen da
mosuliyvnen
gaamarTlebda
sasamarTloSi,
Tu
xolo
TerTmeti
Tormeti
mosamarTle
(msajuli)
gaamtyunebda,
maSin
gansasjeli
gamarTlebulad iTvleboda. magram Tu TerTmeti gaamarTlebda da Tormeti
gaamtyunebda, es ar iyo sakmarisi gasamtyunebeli sasjelis misacemad.
amisaTvis saWiro iyo kidev ori gasamtyunebeli xma. sul sinedrionSi 71
wevri iyo, amitom gamarTlebisaTvis saWiro iyo umravlesobis xmis miReba,
magram gamtyunebisaTvis umravlesobis xma – sakmarisi ar iyo. saWiro iyo
`mamtyuvnebelTa~ ricxvi gammarTlebelTa ricxvze ori kaciT meti
yofiliyo. dResaswaulisa da SabaTis dReebSi araviTari sasamarTlo ar
Sedgeboda. yvela es wesebi humanurobiT gamoirCeodnen, magram isini
daviwyebuli iqnen ieso qristes gasamarTlebis dros. saerTod sinedrionis
Sekreba taZarSi imarTeboda, magram Cveni macxovris saqmis gansaxilvevad
ase ar moiqcnen, albaT im mizezis gamo, rom
iketeboda (ix. `tolkovaia biblia~, t I gv. 440).
RamiT
taZris
karebi
sinedrioni am SemTxvevaSi mRvdelmTavar kaiafasTan iyo Sekrebili,
da ieso, rogorc gansasjeli idga maT win.
`mRvdelmTavarni,
uxucesni
da
mTeli
sinedrioni
eZebdnen
crumowmeobas iesos winaaRmdeg, raTa moeklaT igi, magram ver ipoves. da
Tumca bevri crumowme iyo misuli, ver miagnes. bolos movida ori
crumowme. romlebmac Tqves: es ambobda: SemiZlia davangrio RmerTis taZari
da sam dReSi kvlav avaSeno. maSin wamodga mRvdelmTavari da uTxra mas:
ratom arafers ityvi imis pasuxad, rasac eseni Sens winaaRmdeg mowmoben?
xolo ieso dumda~ (maTe, 26:59-62).
Tavisi mowafeobis uaryofidan daaxloebiT erTi saTis Semdeg petre
laparakis Semdeg kiloTi icno viRacam da ezoSi myofT uTxra `namdvilad esec mas axlda, vinaidan galilevelia~. xolo petrem miugo
mas: `ar vici ras ambob, kaco~. amis Tqma iyo da iyivla mamalma. maSin
ufali Semobrunda da mixeda petres. da gaaxsenda petres uflis sityva
romelic uTxra mas: mamlis yivilamde samjer uarmyofo. da gamovida petre
gareT da mwared atirda~ (luka, 22:54-62).
mRvdelmTavarsa da sinedrions ieso arafers pasuxobda. is dumda
Semdeg isev hkiTxa mas mTvdelTavarma: - gaficeb cocxal RmerTs, gviTxari
Sen xar Tu ara qriste Ze RmerTisa?
me var. amasac geubnebiT Tqven amieridan male ixilavT Ze kacisas,
mjdomares Zalis marjvniv da momavals zecis RrublebiT – miugo
iesom (mark. 14-62).
amis
gagonebisTanave
mRvdelmTavarma
Semoixia
Tavis
samosi
(RvTisgmobis mosmenisas wesis Sesabamisad ase iqceodnen) da Tqva: - ~man
67
RmerTi hgmo, maS raRad gvinda mowmeebi? xom moismineT RvTisgmoba misi?
ras ityviT?~ (maTe, 26:65).
maSin yvelam daado
msjavri
mas,
rom
sikvdils
imsaxurebda
–
sikvdilis Rirsia – miuges mRvdelmTavars.
zogierTebma dauwyes nerwyva, muStebs urtyamdnen da eubnebodnen
gviwinaswarmetyvele qriste vin gadartya? ase gagrZelda dilamde.
rodesac inaTa mRvdelmTavrebma da uxucesebma kvlav gamarTes bWoba,
rogor aResrulebinaT Ramis dadgenileba.
romaelTa
mier
dapyrobil
ebraelebs
CamorTmeuli
hqondaT
sxvadasxva moqalaqeobrivi uflebani, maT Soris maxvilis (anu iaraRis)
tarebis ufleba da adamianis sikvdiliT dasjis ufleba. amitom, marTalia
iesos sikvdiliT dasja gadauwyvites, magram am
ebraelebs ar SeeZloT. amis ufleba hqonda
ganaCenis aRsruleba
romael mmarTvels,
imdroisaTvis pontoel pilates. is imperatorma tiberiusma daniSna 26
wels. fiqroben, rom misis saxeli pontius momdinareobda erTerTi
romauli gvarisagan, Tumca SeiZleba geografiul saxel `pontosac~
ukavSirdebodes, pilate iyo prokuratori iudeisa, samariisa da idumeisa.
xolo galileas marTavda romaelTa mier daniSnuli herode didis
STamomavali. ierusalimSi mdebare saxelganTqmuli sasaxle herode didisa
prokuratoris samyofels warmoadgenda. swored aq pilatesTan waiyvanes
mRvdelmTavrebma ieso. maTTan brbo misdevda.
iesos mowafem – iuda iskariotelma, roca ixila misi gacemis
Sedegad iesos usastikesi dasja, dacinva da sasikvdilod gameteba `Seinana
da daubruna ocdaaTi vercxli mRvdelmTavrebsa da uxucesT. da Tqva:
Sevcode, rom mogeciT marTali sisxli. xolo mas uTxres: Cven ra? Sen
ikiTxe. da dayara vercxli taZarSi da gaecala. wavida da Tavi CamoixrCo.
xolo mRvdelmTavrebma akrifes vercxli da Tqves: ar egeba taZris
saganZurSi amis dadeba, vinaidan sisxlis safasuria~ (maTeE 27:4-6). fuliT
iyides sasaflao ucxoelebisaTvis, romelsac xalxma sisxlis miwa uwoda.
amiT aRsrulda ieremias winaswarmetyveleba.
amasobaSi brbo, romelsac ieso mihyavda xmamaRali yviriliT
gars
Semoertya pilates cixe-darbazs. ieso romaelma jariskacebma, rogorc
damnaSaved saxeldebuli, Seiyvanes SigniT, magram ebraelebs ar surdaT
Seyola, isini, rogorc cnobilia warmarTebis saxlSi ar Sediodnen
gauwmindurebis SiSiT, miT umetes paseqis dReebSi, maT wmindad surdaT
Tavis dacva. amis gamo pilate iZulebuli gaxda TviTon gamosuliyo gareT
myvirali brbos winaSe
da SeekiTxa Tu raSi debdnen brals iesos.
ebraelebma uTxres – borotmoqmedebis gamo gadmogeciT. pilatem Cans
icoda, rom ieso ar iyo damnaSave, da mas brals debdnen sarwmunoebriv
68
sakiTxebSi.
amitomac
uTxra
SekrebilT
-
`waiyvaneT
TqvenTan
da
gaasamarTleT Tqveni sjulis mixedviT~ (io. 18:31).
ebraelebs iesos mokvla surdaT, amis neba ki, rogorc viciT maT ar
hqondaT da uTxres pilates –
CvenTvis nebadarTuli araa vinmes mokvla.
xalxma icoda, rom
winaaRmdeg mojanyeebsa da
xelisufleba sikvdiliT sjida romaelTa
wamqezeblebs, gansakuTrebiT ki ajanyebulTa
meTaurebs. amitomac iesos sikvdiliT dasjis misaRwevad prokurators
ganucxades
- `eg gvikrZalavs keisrisaTvis xarkis micemas, Tavis Tavs
mefes uwodebs~.
sarwmunoebrivis
nacvlad
sakiTxis
politikur
planSi
gadatanam
pilate iZulebuli gaxda yuri miegdo brbosaTvis. is Setrialda, Sevida
SenobaSi da SeekiTxa iesos:
-Sen xar iudevelTa mefe?
-Sen ambob amas, Tu sxvebma giTxres Cems Sesaxeb?
-gana me iudeveli var? Senma erma da mRvdelmTavrebma gadmomces Seni
Tavi, ra gaakeTe? – kvlav SeekiTxa iesos.
ieso
mxolod
simarTlis
oriode
sityviT
pasuxobs
Tavis
ganmsjelebs, anda dums. iudevelebs maTTvis yvelaze mniSvnelovan
kiTxvaze iyo Tu ara Ze RvTisa – TanxmobiT upasuxa, aseve daeTanxma
pilates misTvis yvelaze saintereso kiTxvaze iyo Tu ara is mefe.
-Cemi samefo araamqveyniuria, Cemi samefo rom amqveyniuri yofiliyo,
maSin Cemi msaxurebi ibrZolebdnen, rom iudevelebs ar gadavcemodi, axla
Cemi samefo araa aqedan – miugo iesom.
pilatem SvebiT amoisunTqa, radgan dadasturda misi fiqri, rom
gansja ara politikurs, aramed sulier-sarwmunoebriv sferos Seexeboda
da kvlav mimarTa iesos, ukve ironiiT.
-ese igi mefe xar.
-Sen ambob, rom mefe var. me amitom davibade da amitom movedi
qveynierebaze, rom WeSmariteba damemowmebina, yoveli, vinc WeSmaritebidanaa
ismens Cems xmas.
-ra aris WeSmariteba? - dacinviT ikiTxa pilatem, magram iesos
garegnobam, misgan gamonaSuqma simarTlem da siwmindem STabeWdileba
moaxdina masze, is, mkacri sisxlismRvreli jariskaci mixvda, rom mis win
udanaSaulo kaci idga da gadawyvita kidec simarTle eTqva brbosaTvis,
kvlav gavida gareT da Tqva:
-veraviTar danaSauls ver vpoulob masSi.
am sityvebs mRvdelmTavrebisagan waqezebuli brbo muqariT savse
yviriliT Sexvda. pilates axsovda Tu ierusalimelTa brbos rogor hqonda
garSemortymuli
misi rezidencia ramdenime xnis win da isini garduvali
69
sikvdilis SiSiTac ki ver daaSlevina Tavis jariskacebs. msgavsi brbo
idga axla mis winaSe, amitomac gaixara, roca Seityo,
galileveli iyo, ese igi im provinciidan, romelsac sxva
marTavda - herode antipa.
gansasjelad ieso
pilatem
herodesTan
gagzavna.
is
rom ieso
pirovneba
im
dros
ierusalimSi imyofeboda, radganac xalxi yviroda - `is aSfoTebs xalxs da
aswavlis
mTel
iudeaSi,
galileidan moyolebuli
vidre
aqamde.~
imdroindeli
wesiT,
warmoSobiT
galileveli
adamiani
galileis
mflobels unda ganesaja. herode misi winaprebis msgavsad iudevelTaA
sarwmunoebis mimdevari iyo, sjulis kanonis damcveli (magram ara
aRmsrulebeli), amitomac Zalian gaixara iesos danaxvisas. didi xania ewada
misi xilva, radganac bevri smenoda masze da imedi hqonda egeb raime
saswauli miCvenoso, iesom ki ar ineba masTan urTierToba. is dumda, Tumca
herode antipam mravali rame gamohkiTxa. iqve mdgari mRvdelmTavrebi da
mwignobrebi daucxromlad brals debdnen mas, ieso mainc arafers ambobda
Tavs ar icavda. amiT herodem Tavi gawbilebulad igrZno, Tumca mixvda
iesos udanaSaulobas. arc man ineba iesos dasja, magram dascina mas.
Tavis meomrebTan erTad Seuracxyo da masxrad aigdo. Semdeg Semosa
brwyinvale samosiT da ukanve gaugzavna pilates (ix.luka. 23:8-10).
pilatem kvlav ixila
miuyvanes mas da uTxra maT:
mRvdelmTavarni
da
brbo,
romelTac
ieso
-Tqven momiyvaneT es kaci, rogorc xalxis wamqezebeli, da aha, me
TqvenTan erTad gamoviZie, da ver vpove am kacis vercerTi danaSauli,
raSic brals debT da verc herodem vinaidan masTan gavgzavne igi, da aha
sikvdilis Rirsi araferi uqnia mas. maS davsji da gavuSveb.
Tu
pilates ar undoda iesos sikvdiliT dasja da amitomac ifiqra, rom
iesos Zlieri fizikuri saSualebebiT dasjida (awamebda) amiT
Seamcirebda brbos mrisxanebas da isini gansasjelis sikvdiliT dasjas
aRar moiTxovdnen.
-jvars acvi, jvars acvi igi – kidev ufro gaaRiziana brbo pilates
mondomebam.
-ki magram ra daaSava man? me veraferi vupove mas, sikvdiliT dasjis
Rirsi, maS davsji da gavuSveb – Txova brbos pilatem ukve mesamed.
-jvars acvi
waqezebuli brbo.
–
yviroda
mRvdelmTavrebis
da
uxucesebis
mier
pilatem iesos cema brZana. is fiqrobda, rom sasjelis es saSineli
zoma daakmayofilebda brbos da sikvdiliT dasjas aRar moiTxovda.
maSin mTavris jariskacebma sasaxlis Sida ezoSi pretoriumSi
waiyvanes ieso. gars Semoertya mTeli razmi. ieso gaamaTraxes. Semdeg
dawnes eklis gvirgvini da Tavs daadges, mxrebze ki Zowisferi samefo
70
Sesamoslis
feri
qlamidi
moasxes.
marjvena
xelSi
lerwami,
viTomda
samefo skiptra, daaWerines, muxls iyridnen mis winaSe, dascinodnen da
eubnebodnen `gixaroden (e.i. salami), mefeo iudevelTa~ pilate gamovida
gareT, brbos winaSe, fiqrobda, rom nacem-nagvemi da damcirebuli iesos
naxva brbos mrisxanebas daacxrobda da uTxra – ai, me gamomyavs igi
TqvenTan, raTa icodeT, rom veraviTar danaSauls ver vpoulob masSi.
amasobaSi jariskacebma xelebSekruli iesoc gamoiyvanes – Zowisferi
mosasxamiT Semosili, Tavze dadgmuli eklis gvirgviniTa da xelSi
skiptriT – lerwmis joxiT. misi danaxvisas pilate kidev erTxel gaaoca
iesos didebulebam, is, miuxedavad gamaTraxebisas miRebuli udidesi
wamebisa, Semdgom ki dacinva-damcirebisa, mSvidad idga, ara Tu iTxovda
raime Sewyalebas, xmasac ar iRebda, Tumc ki surdaT misgan sityvis mosmena.
iesos ieriTa da moTminebiT aRtacebulma pilatem Tqva – ai, kaci!
-davsji da gavuSveb – uTxra xalxs gamaTraxebamde pilatem, axlac,
dasjis Semdeg, igive isurva.
-jvars acvi, jvars acvi – yvirodnen mRvdelmTavrebi da msaxurebi.
-Tqven waiyvaneT da jvars acviT. vinaidan me ver vpoulob masSi
danaSauls.
-Cven gvaqvs sjuli da am sjulis mixedviT igi unda mokvdes, vinaidan
Tavi Ze RmerTad gamoacxada – pilatem xalxisgan es rom moismina, ufro
SeeSinda, SeekiTxa iesos: -saidan xar? magram iesom pasuxi ar misca.
-me ar melaparakebi? gana ar ici,
rom
Zalaufleba
maqvs
gagaTavisuflo da Zalaufleba maqvs jvars gacva?
-Sen ar geqneboda Cemze araviTari Zalaufleba, maRlidan rom ar
mogcemoda. amitom mas, vinc Cemi Tavi gadmogca Sen ufro didi codva aqvs
– uTxra iesom.
amasobaSi pilates saxleulidan movida kaci, romelmac samsjavro
savarZelSi mjdar pilates gadasca colis SemonaTvali - `nurafers
dauSaveb mag marTals, vinaidan wuxel sizmarSi bevri vitanje magis gamo~
(maTe, 27:19).
amitomac pilatem kidev erTxel scada brbos guli molboba,
dResaswaulis dReebSi Cveulebad hqonda xalxisTvis gaeTavisuflebina
erTi patimari, romelsac moisurvebdnen. imxanad hyavdaT erTi patimari
baraba, romelic sapyrobileSi ijda areulobisa da qalaqSi momxdari
mkvlelobis gamo.
samsjavro savarZeli
gareT
idga,
adgilze,
romelsac
qvafenili
ewodeba, ebraulad ki – gabbeTa. aqedan pilatem mimarTa xalxs
-ai, Tqveni mefe.
-Sors, Sors, jvars acvi!
71
-xom gaqvT Cveuleba, rom paseqSi erTi gagiTavisufloT. gsurT, rom
gagiTavisufloT iudevelTa mefe?
-Cven ar gvyavs mefe keisris garda!
-mokali eg da gagviTavisufle baraba!
-Tu amas gaaTavisufleb, ar xar megobari keisrisa, radgan mefed xdis
Tavs, keisars ewinaaRmdegeba. iudevelebi romSi imperatoris winaSe xSirad
agzavnidnen saCivrebs pilates sawinaaRmdegod, zogjer ki delegaciebsac
gzavnidnen mis gasamtyuneblad da dasasjelad, axla keisros mtrobas
abralebdnen iesos gamo.
`da raki ixila pilatem, rom verafers Svelis, aramed ufro izrdeba
SfoTi, moiTxova wyali, xalxis winaSe daibana xelebi da Tqva: me ubralo
var am marTlis sisxlSi. Tqven ikiTxeT. da miugo mTelma xalxma da uTxra:
Cvenze iyos da Cven Svilebze magisi sisxli~ (maTe, 27:24). xalxis Txovnis
Sesabamisad pilatem brZana barabas gaTavisufleba da iesos dasja.
iesos jariskacebma Semoaxies `samefo samosi~ - qlamidi, gamoarTves
`skiptra~ - lerwami da Tavze daamtvries, daiwyes furTxeba da kvlav
Tavisi samosi Caacves da jvarze sacmelad waiyvanes – ieso mieca maT nebas.
jvarcmis adgili qalaqgareT, dasavleTis mxares mdebareobda – mas Txemis
adgili, golgoTa erqva, arcTu Sors mdebareobda mTavris sasaxlidan.
iesos zurgze ahkides jvari, mZime Zeli da mxiaruli brbos TanxlebiT
jariskacebma waiyvanes golgoTisaken. am gzas ierusalimSi dResac –
godebis gzas uwodeben. iyo 30 wlis 14 nisani, adre dila. uxucesebi
aCqarebdnen jalaTebs. paraskevi iyo; magram naSuadRevis Semdeg dro ukve
SabaTis damdegad iTvleboda. paseqis SabaTi ki udidesi dResaswauli iyo.
amitomac moZraobis asaCqareblad jariskacebma daiWires mindvridan
mimavali vinme glexi simon kirineli da aiZules igi jvari ezida. da
wamoiRo iesos kvaldakval. misdevda mas ukan uricxvi simravle xalxisa
da qalebisa, romlebic stirodnen da glovobdnen mas. ieso Semobrunda da
uTxra maT: - ierusalimis asulno, me ki nu damtiriT aramed daitireT
Tqveni Tavi da Tqveni Svilebi, radgan aha, movlen dReni, roca ityvian:
netar arian unayofoni, da mucelni, romelTac ar uSobiaT da ZuZuni,
romelTac ar uwovebiaT. maSin etyvian mTebs: Tavze dagvemxeT da borcvebs
dagvmarxeT Cven. radgan Tu nedl xes ase eqcevan, raRas uzamen xmels?
masTan erTad kidev ori avazakic mihyavdaT jvarze sacmelad.
roca miaRwies golgoTas, iesos miawodes naRveliT Sezavebuli Zmari
dasalevad.
am
sasmels
qalebi
amzadeben
jvarcmulis
tanjvis
Sesamcireblad, radganac is mis msmenels aTayvanebda. jvarcma erT-erTi
yvelaze mtkivneuli sasjeli iyo. gansasjels miaWedavdnen anda miabamdnen
Zels: xelebs mis frTebze, fexebis dasamagreblad arsebobda e.w. `ferxTa
ficari~, romelsac eyrdnoboda fexebi, uromlisodac jvarcmuli Zirs
72
Camococdeboda da miwaze davardeboda. aseve tovebdnen mas mzis gulze
neli mtanjveli sikvdilisaTvis. zogjer jvarze ekidnen dReebis
ganmavlobaSi
da
frinvelebi
cocxladve
kortnidnen
Tvalebs.
gansakuTrebiT mtanjveli iyo wyurvili. Wrilobebi ixsneboda da
Cirqdeboda, sisxli ZarRvebSi aRar moZraobda, uxmobdnen sikvdils, is ki
ar Canda. am tanjvis SegrZnebis asacileblad asmevdnen ZmarSi gaxsnil
naRvels. iesom isurva sruli gancda satanjvelisa.
jvarcmulis
zemoT
Zelze
danaSaulis CadenisTvis isjeboda
akravdnen
is. iesos
warweras,
Tu
jvarze gaakres
romeli
warwera
laTinur, berZnul da ebraul enebze - `ieso nazareveli – iudevelTa
mefe~. aRmarTes misi jvari da mis gverdiT marcxniv da marjvniv ori
avazakis jvrebi aRmarTes.
gamvlelni aginebdnen mas, Tavebs aqnevdnen da ambobdnen – taZris
damrRvevo da sam dReSi aRmSenebelo, ixseni Seni Tavi, Tu RmerTis Ze xar,
Camodi jvridan. aseve mRvdelmTavrebi, mwignobrebi uxucesebTan da
farisevlebTan erTad dascinodnen da ambobdnen: - sxvebi ixsna da Tavis
xsna ki ar SeuZlia. Tu israelis mefea, de, Camovides jvaridan, da viwamebT
mas. RmerTs iyo mindobili da Tu nebavs ixsnas axla RmerTma, vinaidan man
Tqva: me var Ze RmrTisa.
romaeli jariskacebi ki, misi jalaTebi, am dros saqmiT iyvnen
dakavebuli, Cveulebis Tanaxmad maT gasamrjelod ekuTvnodaT jvarcmulis
tansacmeli. romelsac erTmaneTs Soris wilisyriT iyofdnen. axlac, roca
ieso jvars acves wili yares da gaiyves misi samosi, amiT aRsrulda
Tqmuli winaswarmetyvelis mier, romelic ambobs: gaiyves Cemi samosi
erTmaneTSi da Cems kvarTze iyares wili. iesos samosi oTx nawilad gayves,
TiToeul jariskacs TiTo nawili Sexvda. mosasxami kvarTi erTiani iyo,
Tavidan bolomde moqsovili. Sekerili ar iyo. is wilisyriT erT
jariskacs ergo. am dros jvarcmaSi monawileobis misaRebad ierusalimel
uxucesebis mowveviT imyofebodnen qarTveli ebraelebi elioz mcxeTeli
da longinoz karsneli. maT Cans SeusyidiaT jariskacisagan wilisyriT
miRebuli
kvarTi.
romelic
mcxeTaSi
wamoiRes
da
dRemde iqvea
dakrZaluli, sveticxovelSi (ix.q.c. gv.19).
mRvdelmTavrebi da farisevlebi,
romelnic
Sescqerodnen
iesos
ukmayofiloni
iyvnen
warweris
teqstiT
`ieso
nazareveli,
mefe
iudevelebisa~, uTxres kidec pilates nu dawer ~iudevelTa mefe~, aramed
rac man Tqva `me var iudevelTa mefe~, pilatem upasuxa; rac davwere –
davwere~ (io., 19:21).
yvela yayanebda, Tavis azrs gamoTqvamdnen, dascinodnen iesos mTeli
qalaqisa da brbos yuradReba iesosken iyo mipyrobili davobdnen
macxovris jvarcmis gamo.
73
`mamao, miuteve amaT, radgan ar ician, ras sCadian~ - mitevebisa da
Sendobis es sityvebi pirvelni iyvnen im `Svid sityvas~ Soris, romelic
iesom jvarcmisas warmoTqva.
meore sityva uTxra mis gverdiT jvarze gakrul monanie avazaks:
- `WeSmaritad geubnebi Sen: dResve CemTan erTad iqnebi samoTxeSi~ (luka,
23:24). Tqma am sityvisa, gamowveuli iyo imiT, rom avazakebis mTeli
yuradReba, iseve rogorc xalxisa, iesosken iyo mipyrobili, imdenad rom
TavianTi jvarcma aRar axsovdaT, masze msjelobdnen: erTi jvarcmuli
borotmoqmedi aginebda mas da ambobda: Tu Sen xar qriste, ixseni Seni Tavi
da Cvenc. meore ki risxavda mas da eubneboda: RmerTis mainc ar geSinia?
radganac misebr dasjili xar? Cvenze axia, rac davTeseT, imasve vimkiT,
xolo mas araferi cudi ar Caudenia. da uTxra iesos: momixsene me, ufalo,
roca mixval Sens sasufevelSi~ (luka, 23:40-42), da miiRo kidec miteveba
uflisagan.
mogrovil
xalxSi
macxovarma
gaarCia
dedamisi
–
mariami
da
sayvareli
mowafe
ioane.
erT
dros,
roca
deda
yovelmxriv
uzrunvelyofili iyo, masze Tqva, - `vin aris deda Cemi an vin arian Zmebi
Cemi?~ da Tavis mowafeebi miiCnia `dedad da Zmebad~ (maTe 12:49). axla
daRonebuli, umweo deda, upatronod rCeboda. guli masze zrunviT aevso,
miubrunda jvarTan mdgar dedamiss mariams, mis gverdiT mdagr Tavisi
`Zmebis~ dedas – deidamiss, romelsac aseve mariami erqva, Semdeg Sexeda
iovanes da dedas uTxra: dedakaco, ai Seni Ze. Semdeg mowafes uTxra: ai
dedaSeni. da im saaTidan mowafem TavisTan waiyvana mariami.
dRis Tormet saaTze, romelsac Zvelad `meeqvse Jams~ uwodebdnen
wyvdiadma moicva mTeli qveyana da ase gagrZelda sam saaTamde (mecxre
Jamamde) dabnelda mze.
sam saaTze xmamaRla SehRaRada iesom –
-
eli, eli,
mimatove).
lama
sabaTqani
(RmerTo
Cemo,
RmerTo
Cemo,
ratom
Semdeg ki Tqva - mwyuria (winaswarmetyvelebis aRsasruleblad).
iq mdgomma gaigo es da Tqva: elias uxmobs. erTma mxedarma aiRo
Rrubeli, ZmriT gaJRinTa da lerwamze wamoago da asmevda mas, sxvebi ki
ambobdnen: moicaT, vnaxoT, mova Tu ara elia mis dasaxsnelad (maTe, 27:49).
roca iesom miiRo Zmari, Tqva:
- aRsrulda!
xolo Semdeg xmamaRla SeRaRada da Tqva:
- mamao Sens xels vabareb Cems suls – daxara Tavi da am sityvebiT
ganuteva suli.
amis Tqma iyo da iZra miwa, daskdnen kldeebi, Seirya taZari da
zemodan qvemomde, Sua Caixa taZris farda, es iyo kretsabmeli, romelic
74
mnaxvelis Tvalidan faravda wmindaTa wmindas, da ai, pirvelad yvelas
Tvalwin gamoCnda iqamde yvelasTvis dafaruli adgili taZrisa.
ganixvnen saflavni da wmida gansvenebulTa gvamebi aRdgnen. xolo
rodesac ixiles miwisZvra da yoveli is, rac moxda, asisTavi da masTan
erTad iesos modarajeni Zlian SeSindnen da Tqves:
-
WeSmaritad RmerTis Ze iyo igi.
WeSmaritad es kaci marTali iyo. xalxi, romelmac ixila yvelaferi
mjiRiscemiT brundebodnen ukan.
aq iyvnen dedakacebi, romlebic Soridan umzerdnen, maT Soris mariam
magdalineli, iakob mciris deda mariami da salome zebedes ZeTa deda,
isini galileadanve misi mimdevrebi iyvnen da emsaxurebodnen mas, mravali
sxvac iyo maTTan erTad ierusalimidan amosulebi.
saRamovdeboda, male SabaTi paseqisa dadgeboda – didi dRe – amasTan
dakavSirebiT, SabaTs rom gvamebi jvarze ar darCeniliyo iudevelebma
sTxoves pilates, maTTvis wvivebi daemtvriaT da CamoeRoT.
movidnen jariskacebi da iesos gverdiT
jvarcmulebs wvivebi
daumtvries, erTsac da meoresac, roca iesosTan mividnen, dainaxes, rom
ukve momkvdariyo ar daumtvries wvivebi. magram erTma jariskacma mas SubiT
gaugmira gverdi da maSinve wamouvida sisxli da wyali. es moxda raTa
aRsrulebuliyo werili: misi Zvali ar daimtvreva (io, 19:36).
mwuxris Jams movida mdidari arimaTieli kaci, saxelad
iosebi,
romelic agreTve iesos mowafe iyo. mivida igi pilatesTan da gamoiTxova
iesos sxeuli.
pilates gaukvirda, rom ukve mokvda, dauZaxa asisTavs da hkiTxa: didi
xania mokvda? pasuxis mosmenis Semdeg gvami aCuqa iosebs – warCinebul
mrCevels, keTilsa da samarTlians. is sinedrionis wevri iyo, magram ar
monawileobda maT TaTbirsa da maTs saqmeSi. Tavadac moeloda RmerTis
sasufevels.
iosebma iyida tilo da avida golgoTaze. movida nikodimosic, winaT
rom RamiT mivida iesosTan da miutana as litramde smirnisa da aloes
narevi.
aiRes da Seaxvies iesos gvami tiloSi surnelTan erTad, rogorc
miRebulia iudevelTa Soris damarxvisas.
daasvenes is iosebis axal samarxSi, romelic kldeSi gamoekveTa mas.
iqve jvarcmis adgilTan axlos baRSi. am axal samarxSi aravin yofila
Casvenebuli. iq Caasvenes ieso iudevelTa paraskevis gamo, radgan axlo iyo
samarxi. aq iyo mariam magdalineli da meore mariami. isini samarxis win
Camojdnen.
75
didi SabaTi – 8 aprili 30 wlis
maxarebeli
maTe
wers:
`meore
dRe,
romelic
mosdevs
paraskevs,
Seikribnen mRvdelmTavarni pilates karze da Tqves: batono, gagvaxsenda,
rom macdurma sicocxleSi Tqva: sami dRis Semdeg aRvsdgebio, maS brZane
mesame dRemde udarajon samarxs, raTa misi mowafeebi ar mividnen RamiT ar
moiparon igi da uTxran xalxs: mkvdreTiT aRsdgao. da ukanaskneli sicrue
pirvelze uaresi iqneba.
uTxra maT pilatem:
rogorc iciT.
isinic wavidnen.
darajni
samarxis
Tqvena gyavT,
dasacavad
wadiT
dabeWdes
da udarajeT
lodi
da
daraji
dauyenes~ (maTe 27:62-66).
unda vifiqroT, rom iudevelebi pilatesTan mividnen SabaTs diliT,
Semdeg wavidnen da dabeWdes saflavi, e.i. saflavSi naxes sxeuli iesosi,
Semdeg ki daraji miuyenes dabeWdil karebs. darajs sami dRis manZilze
unda daecva is. SabaTis CaTvliT, kidev ori dRe, anu samSabaTamde. unda
vifiqroT rom SabaTsa da kviras axlad dayenebuli modarajeni
gansakuTrebiT fxizlad darajobdnen saflavs. aRsaniSnavia isic, rom
mRvdelmTavarni da farisevelni ar moeridnen SabaTis uqmis darRvevas,
roca maT es dasWirdaT, da am dRes iesos saflavis irgvliv saqmianobdnen
- macxovris sxeulis dasacavad.
aRdgoma (30 wlis 9 aprili)
da amaRleba
paseqis SabaTi, didad miCneuli iudevelTa Soris, aravis daurRvevia,
iesos saflavTan aravin misula. `xolo SabaTis damlevs, kviris pirveli
dRis ganTiadisas, movida mariam magdaleli da meore mariamic, samarxis
sanaxavad~ (maTe, 28:1) maTTan erTad salomec yofila, samiveni paraskevs
gulmkvdarni umzerdnen Soridan iesos jvarcmas. da, ai, SabaTi gavida Tu
ara iyides maT surnelebani, raTa ecxoT iesos sxeulisaTvis, rogorc amas
ebraelTa pativiT dakrZalvis wesi iTxovda.
samarxTan mzis amosvlisas mividnen, mxolod is aRonebdaT, rom ver
SeZlebdnen kldeSi gamokveTil saflavze miyudebuli lodis gadagorebas,
samarxSi Sesvlas da surnelovani zeTis cxebas sayvareli maswavleblis
sxeulisaTvis, marTalia saflavTan idgnen darajebi, magram maTgan qvis
gadagorebis imedi ar hqondaT. maT arc hqondaT amis ufleba, piriqiT
darajebis survili saflavis karebis gamagreba da iesos sxeulis dacva
iyo.
76
am dros raRac moulodneli da gasaocari raRac moxda: `saSinlad
iZra miwa, vinaidan uflis angelozi CamoeSva zeciT, mivida da gadaagora
samarxis karidan lodi da zed dajda. misi saxe iyo rogorc elva da
samosi misi spetaki, rogorc Tovli. misi SiSiT SeZrwundnen saflavis
mcvelni da mkvdrebs daemsgavsnen~ (maTe., 28:2-4).
qalebma, romlebic iqamde urTierTSoris laparakobdnen Tu vin
gadaugorebdaT lods samarxis karidan, miixedes da dainaxes, rom lodi
gadagorebulia, igi iyo Zalian didi (mark., 16:4). saflavi carieli daxvdaT.
amis Semxedvare mariam magdaleli gaiqca qalaqSi petresa da
ioanesTan. gamoqvabulis siRrmeSi Sesulma sxva qalebma samarxSi ixiles
marjvniv mjdomare angelozi Wabukis saxiT, spetaki samosliT mosili. man
SeSinebul qalebs uTxra - `nu krTebiT! nu eZebT ieso nazarevels,
jvarcmuls, igi aRdga, aq ar aris, ai, adgili sadac is daasvenes. magram
wadiT, uTxariT mis mowafeebs da petres. is Tqvens win midis galileisaken.
iq naxavT mas, rogorc giTxariT Tqven (mark., 16:5-7).
nanaxiT acaxcaxebuli da SeSinebuli qalebi gamovidnen samarxidan
da qalaqisaken gaiqcnen. SeZrwunebulma aravis araferi uTxres.
lukas aRweriT samarxSi Sesul qalebs elvare samosliT mosili ori
kaci daxvdaT, romlebmac Tqves: `rad eZebT cocxals mkvdrebSi? aq aRar
aris, aramed aRdga. gaixseneT ras geubnebodaT Tqven, roca jer kidev
galileaSi iyo: rom Ze kacisa unda mieces codvil kacTa xelSi da jvars
ecvas da mesame dRes aRdges.~ ( luka, 24:6-7).
saflavidan gamobrunebulma qalebma, romelTa Soris aRniSnulTa
garda ioanac da sxvebic yofilan qristes aRdgoma TerTmet mociquls
auwyes, magram maT fuWad moeCvenaT es sityvebi da ar erwmunnen maT
(rogorc es qvemoTac Cans).
amasobaSi petre da ioane, romelTac mariam magdalelma Sestira
`ufali
wauRiaTo~
gaiqcnen
saflavisaken. moxuc
petres
gaaswro
axalgazrda ioanem da pirveli mivida samarxTan `daixara da dainaxa
dadebuli tiloebi, magram ar Sevida. mis Semdeg movida simon petrec.
Sevida samarxSi da dainaxa dadebuli tiloebi. sudara Tavze rom hqonda
Semoxveuli, im tiloebTan ki ar ido, aramed calke ido erT adgilas
daxveuli~ (io., 20: 5-7).
petre, ioane da qalebic gaocebulebi iyvnen imiT, rom ver naxes
sxeuli. aqamde fiqradac ar mosvliaT iesos aRdgoma, `aqamde ar icodnen
werilidan, rom igi unda aRmdgariyo~. nanaxiT gaognebulni ukanve
dabrundnen, saflavTan baRSi mxolod mariam magdaleli darCa, is
fiqrobda, rom iesos sxeuli moipares, anda saflavidan gaitanes.
darajebi ki Zalze SeSindnen. am romaelebs iesos sxeulis dacva
hqondaT davalebuli, carieli saflavis xilvisTanave zogierTi maTgani
77
qalaqSi
wavida
da
yvelaferi
moaxsenes
mRvdelmTavrebs.
saswrafod
Seikriba uxucesebisa da mRvdelmTavrebis sabWo. gadawyvites didZali
fuli miecaT jariskacebisaTvis, sanacvlod maT unda eTqvaT, rom iesos
mowafeebi movidnen RamiT moipares igi. Tu es xma miaRwevs mTavramde,
arwmunebdnen isini jariskacebs, Cven davajerebT mas da usiamovnebisagan
gixsniTo. maT aiRes fuli da gaavrceles es xma.
magram qalaqSi saswaulebi xdeboda. aRdgnen micvalebulTa gvamebi
da gamovidnen saflavidan misi aRdgomis Semdeg Sevidnen wmida qalaqSi da
gamoecxadnen mravalT~ ( maTe., 27:53). amitomac qristes aRdgomis
dasajereblad mravali ganewyo.
saflavis karTan baRSi mdgomi mariam magdaleli ki tiroda. misi
sayvareli moZRvari tanjes, mokles, axla ki saflavidanac gaitanes da
mariamma surnelovani zeTi ver scxo mis wminda sxeuls, ver aRasrula
wesi, romelic yoveli micvalebuli ebraelis gasapatiosneblad iyo
dawesebuli, maswavlebeli amis Rirsic ki ar gaxades. gulmduRare `roca
tiroda, samarxTan dixara da xedavs TeTrebSi Semosil or angelozs,
msxdomares erTs TaviT, meores ferxTiT, sadac iesos gvami esvena. uTxres
mas: dedakaco ratom stiri? man miugo: Cemi ufali waiRes da ar vici sad
daasvenes. amis Tqmisas mobrunda ukan da ixila mdgomare ieso, magram ver
icno, rom es ieso iyo. uTxra man iesos: batono Sen waiRe igi miTxari sad
daasvene igi da me waviReb. ieso eubneba mas: mariam!
moubrunda da
ebraulad eubneba: rabuni! rac niSnavs: moZRvaro! iesom uTxra mas: ar
Semexo, radgan jer ar avsulvar mamasTan. wadi Cems ZmebTan da uTxari me
avdivar mamaCemTan da mamaTqvenTan Cems RmerTTan da Tqvens RmerTTan.
mariam magdaleli mivida da auwya mowafeebs, rom ixila es da uTxra maT~
(ioane, 20: 11-18). magram ar erwmunnen. sul cota xniT adre ki mowafeebTan
mividnen sxva qalebic, axares aRdgoma da TviT iesosgan danabarebi
sityvebic ki gadasces. maTe wers - `mowafeebis sauwyeblad mimavalT, aha,
Semoxvda ieso da uTxra maT: gixarodeT! xolo isini mividnen, muxlebze
moexvivnen da Tayvani sces mas. maSin uTxra maT iesom: nu geSiniaT, wadiT
auwyeT Cems Zmebs, rom galileas wavidnen, iq mixilaven me~ (maTe, 28:9-10).
kvira dRes qristes mowafe – kleopa da meore, romlis saxeli
ucnobia midiodnen ierusalimis maxloblad mdebare daba emausSi,
mwuxareni qristes vnabasa da sikvdilze
didxans msjelobdnen. am
saubrisas maT miuaxlovdaT TviT ieso da daemgzavra, magram maT Tvalebi
dasdgomodaT, ase rom ver icnes igi. markozi wers, rom `rom sxva saxiT
eCvena~ maT macxovari. iesom hkiTxa maT mwuxarebis mizezi. isini swuxdnen
TavianTi sayvareli moZRvris tanjvisa da sikvdilis gamo, magram maT suls
ufro metad tanjavda imedgacrueba, rom maTi moZRvari ar aRmoCnda mesia,
mxsneli, romelic Tavisi Tavis
gamocxadebis Semdeg Secvlida dedamiwis
78
saxes
da
gaTavisuflebul
israels
msoflioSi
kuTvnil
adgils
daaWerinebda. amis nacvlad is jvarze acves - `Cven ki imedi gvqonda, rom
swored is iyo visac unda exsna israeli, magram, ai, ukve mesame dRea, rac
es ambavi moxda~ (luka, 24:21).
iesom uTxra maT: `eha, ugunurno da gulmZimeno yovelgvari rwmenis
mimarT, rasac amboben winaswarmetyvelni!
qriste da Sesuliyo Tavis didebaSi?
gana ase ar unda vnebuliyo
da mosedan da yvela winaswarmetyvelidan moyolebuli uxsnida maT
rac iTqva misTvis mTel werilSi~ (luka, 24-25-27).
gviani iyo, Ramdeboda magram es ucnobi ar gauSves, Txoves maTTan
darCeniliyo da erTad evaxSmaT. roca dasxdnen, iesom aiRo puri, akurTxa,
gatexa da misca maT. swored am dros aexilaT Tvali orives da icnes ieso,
magram macxovari
maSinve gauCinarda – uCinar Seiqmna maTTvis. maSinve
adgnen da ierusalimSi gabrundnen. naxes erTad Sekrebili Tormeti mowafe
da sxvebic maTTan erTad. mowafeebs iudevelebisa eSinodaT da
karCaketilebi iyvnen. isini qristes aRdgomaze laparakobdnen romelsac
ukve mowmeebi hyavda, simon petrec ki. emausis gzidan mobrunebuli ori
mowafe ki mohyva Tu ra SeemTxvaT gzaSi, rogor icnes igi puris gatexisas.
am dros ieso Cadga maT Soris da Tqva:
-mSvidoba Tqvenda. isini SekrTnen da SeZrwundnen, egonaT sulsa
vxedavTo, magram iesom aCvena xelebic da fexebic. `SexedeT Cems xelebsa
da fexebs, es me var TviTon, SemexeT da darwmundiT, radganac suls arc
xorci aqvs da arc Zvlebi me ki rogorc xedavT, maqvs~ gaognebuli
mowafeebis Tvalwin SeWama Semwvari Tevzis naWeri da fiWis Tafli, rom
daejerebina isini da uTxra maT:
-ai, sityvebi, romelTac jer kidev TqvenTan myofi geubnebiT, rom
unda aRsruldes yvelaferi, rac dawerilia CemTvis moses rjulSi da
winaswarmetyvelTa mier fsalmunSi (luka 24:44).
amis mosmenis Semdgom mowafeebs goneba gaexsnaT, rom SeemecnoT
werili da kvlav uTxra: ase daiwera da ase unda vnebuliyo qriste da
mesame dRes aRmdgariyo mkvdreTiT da qadagebuliyo misi saxeliT sinanuli
codvaTa mosateveblad yvela xalxSi ierusalimidan moyolebuli. xolo
Tqven xarT yovelive amis mowmeni. da aha, me mogivlenT mamis Cemis aRTqmas,
xolo Tqven darCiT qalaq ierusalimSi, vidre ar SeimosavT Zalas maRliT
(l. 24-49). kvlav misca mSvidoba da uTxra:
-rogorc me warmomgzavna mamam, me ggzavniT Tqven. es rom Tqva,
STabera da uTxra:
-miiReT suliwminda, visac miutevebT
daukavebT, daekavebaT (ioane, 20:23).
codvebs,
mietevebaT,
visac
79
gavida ramdenime xani, ioanes mixedviT rva dRe. uflis aRdgomiT
gaxarebuli mowafeebi mxolod iesoze saubrobdnen, Tomasac axares: `Cven
vixileT ufali~, erTad Sekrebil mowafeebTan aRdgomili uflis
gamocxadebis dros maTTan ar iyo Toma, amitomac miuxedavad mowafeebis
aRiarebisa, is ar iziarebda maT aRfrTovanebas ar swamda es ambavi da
ambobda: `Tu mis xelebze nalursmebs ar vixilav da nalursmebSi Cems
TiTs ar Cavdeb da mis ferdSi Cems xels – ar viwameb~ (ioane, 20:25).
da ai, erTxel, roca xelisufalTagan SeSinebuli mowafeebi (elodaT
dapatimreba da dasja, rogorc maT meTaurs) kvlav Sin iyvnen Sekrebilebi
da karCaketilSi msjelobdnen – movida ieso, dadga SuaSi da Tqva `mSvidoba Tqvenda~ Semdeg Tomas uTxra: `moitane aq Seni TiTi da ixile
xelebi. moitane Seni xeli da Cade Cems ferdSi. urwmuno ki ara, aramed
morwmune iyav~. Tomam uTxra mas pasuxad:
-ufalo Cemo da RmerTo Cemo!
-Sen mirwmune, imitom rom mixile, netar arian aramxilvelni da
morwmuneni~ - miugo iesom. Semdeg usayvedura urwmunoeba da gulqvaoba
maT, romelTac ar irwmunes da ar daijeres maTi, vinc igi ixila aRmdgari.
da uTxra mowafeebs – wadiT mTels qveynierebaze da yovel qmnilebas
uqadageT saxareba. vinc irwmunebs da moinaTleba gadarCeba, xolo vinc ar
irwmunebs msjavrdebuli iqneba. morwmuneebs ki Tan axldeba aseTi niSnebi:
Cemi saxeliT eSmakebs gandevnian, axali enebiT ilaparakeben, gvelebs
aiyvanen da Tundac rame sasikvdilo Sesvan, ar avnebT. avadmyofebs xelebs
daadeben da isini ganikurnebian (mark. 16:14-18).
maleve amis Semdeg TerTmetive mowafe galileas wavida, mTaze, sadac
ubrZana maT iesom (maTe 28:16).
tiberiis tbaze, romelsac zRvas uwodebdnen, rogorc Cveuleba
hqondaT Tevzaobdnen. aq iyvnen simon-petre, Toma-tyubad wodebuli
galileis qalaq kanadan gamosuli naTanaeli, zebedes Zeebi da kidev ori
sxva mowafe. erT dRes erTad gahyvnen saTevzaod simon-petres. Casxdnen
navSi. im Rames veraferi daiWires. gamTeniisas sanapiroze dainaxes kaci, es
iyo ieso, magram ver icnes. iesom uTxra maT - `Svilebo, gaqvT raime
saWmeli? miuges - `ara~. kvlav uTxra: - `isroleT bade navis marjvena
mxares da ipoviT~. marTlac isroles da veRar gamoaTries Tevzis
simravlis gamo: ioanem uTxra petres - `es ufalia~. simon-petrem rom
gaigona, ufaliao, mosasxami moixvia, radgan SiSveli iyo da zRvaSi
gadaeSva. sxvebi naviT gavidnen napirze da Tevzebiani bade gaaTries. magram
maT napirze ukve daxvdaT dawyobili nakverCxlebi, masze dadebuli
Semwvari Tevzi da puri. iesom miiwvia isini sasauzmod. verc erTma ver
gabeda SekiTxva: vin xaro, radgan icodnen, rom es ufali iyo. iesom
miawoda maT puri da Tevzi. es ukve mesamed gamoecxada ieso mowafeebs mas
80
Semdeg, rac mkvdreTiT aRsdga. mowafeebma Tayvani sces mas, xolo zogi
SeeWvda. miuxlovda maT ieso, daelaparaka da uTxra:
- momeca me mTeli xelmwifeba cazedac da miwazedac. wadiT da
aswavleT yvela xalxs da naTeli eciT mamis, Zis da suli wmidis saxeliT.
aswavleT maT daicvan yvelaferi, rac me gibrZaneT da aha, me TqvenTana var
dRemudam, vidre qveynis dasasrulamde (maTe, 28:19-20).
imis Semdeg, rac maT isauzmes iesom uTxra simon-petres
- simon ioanesav, amaTze metad giyvarvar?
- diax ufalo, Sen ici, rom miyvarxar – miugo petrem.
- aZove Cemi kravebi.
simon ioanes Zev, giyvarvar? – kvlav meored SeekiTxa ieso
- diax ufalo, Seni ici, rom miyvarxar – uTxra petrem.
- damwyse cxvari Cemi.
- simon ioanesav, giyvarvar? – mesamed SeekiTxa ieso
- Sen yvelaferi ici, ici, rom miyvarxar – upasuxa mesame SekiTxviT
naRvlianma petrem.
- aZove Cemi
cxvari.
WeSmaritad,
WeSmaritad
geubnebi
Sen
sanam
axalgazrda iyavi Sen TviTon Semoirtyamdi xolme qamars da waxvidodi
sadac gsurda, rodesac moxucdebi gaSli xelebs da sxva Semogartyams
qamars da wagiyvans iq, sadac ar gsurs. am sityvebiT mianiSna petres, Tu
rogori sikvdiliT ganadidebda RmerTs.
- Semomideg me (momyevi) – uTxra Semdeg petres
- ufalo xolo es ra? – SeekiTxa petre ioaneze
- me msurs, rom darCes, sanam me moval, Sen ra? Sen me momyevi miugo
iesom (ioane, 21:22).
amis Semdeg ieso gamoecxada xuTasze met Zmas erTdroulad, romelTa
umravlesoba jer kidev cocxlebi iyvnen, roca mociquli pavle Tavis
epistoleebs werda (I kor. 15:6).
Semdeg gamoecxada iakobs, Semdeg yvela mociquls (I kor. 15:7). ormoc
dRes eCveneboda maT cocxlad, Tavisi tanjvis Semdeg da mouTxrobda maT
RmerTis sasufevelze, Sekriba mociqulebi, romlebic man amoirCia da
ubrZana – nu ganSordebiT ierusalims, aramed daelodeT mamis aRTqmas,
vidre ar SeimosavT Zalas maRliT, ris Sesaxebac Cemgan moismenT. vinaidan
ioane naTlavda wyliT, Tqven ki aramravali dRis Semdeg moinaTlebiT
suliwmindiT.
mowafeebi, romlebic bavSvobidanve aRzrdilni iyvnen suliskveTebiT,
rom mesia aRadgenda israelis saxelmwifos damoukideblobas, ekiTxebodnen iesos:
am dros xom ar aRudgen, ufalo, israelis samefos?
81
-
Tqveni
saqme
ar aris icodeT
droebi
an vadebi,
romelic mamam
daadgina Tavis ZalauflebaSi, aramed Tqven miiRebT Zalas, rodesac mova
suliwminda Tqvenze da iqnebiT Cemi mowmeni ierusalimidan, mTel iudeas,
samariasa da mTeli dedamiwis kidemde (saqme, 1.8-9).
es rom Tqva, gamoiyvana isini beTaniamde
da aRapyro xelni
da
akurTxa isini. da kurTxevisas dascilda maT da amaRlda zecad (luka
24:51).
sanam isini uyurebdnen, is iqna ayvanili da Rrubelma maT Tvals
miafara. roca isini Sescqerodnen zecaSi mis aRmavlobas, ai, warudga maT
ori kaci samosiT da uTxres: galilevelo kacebo, ras dgaxarT da
SehyurebT zecas? es ieso, romelic Tqvengan amaRlda zecad, iseve mova,
rogorc zecad aRmavali ixileT (saqme, 1:10:11) xolo maT Tayvani sces da
didi sixaruliT dabrundnen ierusalimSi zeTisxilad wodebuli mTidan
(romelic ierusalimidan axlos
adidebdnen ufals.
beTaniasTanaa) mudam taZarSi iyvnen da
ierusalimis saxlis zeda oTaxSi erTad ikribebodnen xolme petre
da ioane, iakobi da andria, filipe da Toma, barTlome da maTe, iakob
alfes Ze, simon moSurne da iuda iakobisa, aqve iyo iesos deda mariami,
sxva qalebi da iesos Zmebi. aqve wilis yriT mociqulad iuda iskariotelis
nacvlad
amoirCies
mataTia,
Caricxes
is
TerTmet
mociqulTan.
ormocdameaTe dRes kvlav erTad iyvnen yvelani. moulodnelad zecidan
xmauri moisma TiTqos Zlierma qarma dahberao da aavso mTeli saxli da
moevlinaT maT gayofili enebi, rogorc cecxlovanni da TiTo TiTod
daedgaT yovel maTgans.
da yvelani aRivsnen suliwmindiT da iwyes laparaki sxva enebze,
rogorc suli aZlevda maT ametyvelebisas.
zeTisxilis mTaze amaRlebamde ieso,
rogorc
iTqva
40
dRis
ganmavlobaSi eCveneboda Tavis mociqulebs da sxva mowafeebs, amtkicebda
maT sarwmunoebas. isinic iesos aRdgomas axarebdnen adamianebs, es iyo
swored `saxareba~ anu gasaxarebeli ambavi, romelmac safuZveli daudo
axal msoflio sarwmunoebas, rom ar momxdariyo qristes aRdgoma misi
jvarcmiT da mokvliT SeSinebuli moswavleebi gaifantebodnen da maT
gulSi Caqreboda rwmena iesosi, rogorc mesiisa da mxsnelis mimarT.
aRdgomam kvlav Sehkra eWvmoreuli mowafeebi, piriqiT, maTi eWvi iqca
sarwmunoebad, uZlevel rwmenad, romlisTvisac Tavs debdnen da sicocxles
swiravdnen, aRdgomis Semdgom dafuZnda qristes eklesia, romelsac ver
erevian jojoxeTis bWeni, rameTu sal kldeze, mtkice rwmenaze dgas.
aRdgomis Semdgom macxovari cdilobda SeSinebuli moswavleebisaTvis eCvenebina, rom is ar aris suli, rom aRsdga Tavisi sxeuliT,
magram ara mSvinvieri saxiT, aramed sulier safexurze asuli. es iyo
82
sruli gardasaxva sxeulisa
da ara Zvel cxovrebasTan dabruneba. is
Wamda Tavis mowafeebTan, aCvenebda naWrilobevs, magram SeeZlo daxurul
oTaxSi Sesvla da gauCinareba, man ukve ar icoda
winaaRdgoma da
SezRudva, romelic axasiaTebs uxeS materias. misi saxe (gamosaxuleba)
zogjer ise icvleboda, rom moswavleebi uceb ver cnobdnen. mxolod xmiTa
da nacnobi JestiT aqarvebda maT eWvs. qristes aRdgoma moaswavebs, rom
sikvdilis Semdgom aRsdgeba yoveli adamiani, moxdeba sayovelTao aRdgoma,
amitomac weria mrwamsSi - `moveli aRdgomas mkvdreTiT~.
mkvdreTiT aRdgoma moxdeba sxeuliT, iseve rogorc sxeuliT aRsdga
qriste. es imas niSnavs, rom mkvdreTiT aRdgomisas sxeuli iqneba iseTive,
rogoric axla aris, magram eqneba axali Tvisebani: sxeuli iqneba
ganuxrwneli, ukvdavi e.i. sxeuli Seimoseba uxrwnelobiTa da ukvdavebiT,
ar ecodineba sneuleba, tkivili, uZlureba, ar endomeba kveba, ar igrZnobs
daRlas, ar dasWirdeba Zili, dasveneba.
mkvdreTiT
aRdgomili
sxeulebi
iqnebian
sulierni
da
ara
mSvinvierni, rogorc axla. sxeuli Seiqmneba sulis morCil iaraRad, axla
ki piriqiTaa, sxeuli, anu xorci imorCilebs suls da batonobs masze.
didebis sasufevelSi suli ibatonebs ukve didebis gvirgviniT Semosil
sxeulze magram aseT saxes adamiani miiRebs
mxolod qristes meored
mosvlis Semdeg sayovelTao aRdgomis Jams, roca marTalnic da
codvilnic, morwmunenic da urwmunonic erTsa da imave dros aRsdgebian.
amave
dros,
rogorc
cnobilia
ganaxldeba
ganTavisufldeba adamianis pirvelqmnili codvis
qveyniereba,
bunebac
Sedegis gavlenisagan,
ganaxldeba, Seiqmneba uxrwneli da codvisa aRara SerCeba ra.
ai, ras ambobs mociquli amis Sesaxeb:
`Tu qristeze iqadageba, rom is aRsdga mkvdreTiT, rogorRa ambobs
zogierTi Tqvengani, rom ar aris mkvdreTiT aRdgoma? mkvdreTiT aRdgoma
Tu ar aris, qristec ar aRmdgara, xolo qriste Tu ar aRmdgara Cveni
qadagebac fuWia da fuWia Tqveni rwmenac. maSin Cven viqnebiT RmerTze cru
mowmeni, radgan davamowmebdiT RmerTze, rom man aRadgina qriste, romelic
ar aRudgenia, Tu marTlac ar aRdgebian mkvdrebi. vinaidan Tu mkvdrebi ar
aRdgebian, arc qriste aRmdgara, xolo Tu qriste ar aRdga Tqveni rwmena
fuWia da kvlav Tqvens codvebSi xarT, maSin isinic daRupulan, vinc
qristeSi ganisvena da Tu Cven mxolod am cxovrebaSi varT qristes
moimedeni, yvela adamianze sacodavi varT, magram mkvdreTiT aRsdga qriste,
gansvenebulTa pirmSo, vinaidan, rogorc kacis mier movida sikvdili, aseve
kacis mier mkvdreTiT aRdgoma, vinaidan, rogorc adamianSi kvdeba yvela,
aseve gacocxldebian qristeSi . . . magram ityvis vinme, rogor aRsdgebian
mkvdrebi da romel sxeulSi movlen? ugunurno! rasac daTesav, ar
gacocxldeba, Tu ar mokvda da roca daTesav im sxeuls ki ar Tesav,
83
romelic iqneba, aramed SiSvel marcvals - xorblisas, ara romelime sxvas.
xolo RmerTi aZlevs mas sxeuls, rogorc nebavs – TiToeul Tesls Tavis
sxeuls... aseve mkvdreTiT aRdgomac, iTeseba xrwniT da aRsdgeba
uxrwnelobiT.
iTeseba
damcirebiT
da
aRsdgeba
didebiT,
iTeseba
uZlurebiT da aRsdgeba ZaliT, iTeseba mSvinvieri sxeuli da aRsdgeba
sulieri sxeuli, aris mSvinvieri sxeuli da aris sulieri sxeuli, asec
weria: pirveli adamiani gaxda cocxal mSvinvierad, xolo ukanaskneli
adami – macocxlebel sulad. pirveli adamiani miwisganaa, miwieri, xolo
meore adamiani - cisagan~ (Ikor. 15: 12-49).
ciuri adamiani – mxolod qristes meored mosvlis
Semdeg
moevlineba samyaros, manamde ki adamianTa gardacvalebis Semdeg suli
ganSordeba xorcs, xorci iqceva miwad, suli ki ganagrZobs sicocxles.
magram sulis es sicocxle sxvadasxvanairia. marTalTa sulni grZnoben
netarebis garkveul raodenobas, codvilTa sulebi ki tanjvis garkveul
raodenobas maT amqveyniuri cxovrebis Sesabamisad. anu sulis es
mdgomareoba ar aris saboloo, amitomac is arc srul netarebas ganicdis
da arc srul tanjvas. sulisaTvis romelime mdgomareobis micema xdeba
`kerZo gankiTxvisas~.
rogorc cnobilia `sazogado gankiTxva~ moxdeba soflis aRsasrulis
Jams, qristes meored mosvlisas. manamde ki micvalebuli adamianis suls
elodeba kerZo gankiTxva, sikvdilisTanave zogs samoTxe da abraamis wiaRi
elis, sxvebs ki, romelTac ver moaswres monanieba codvebisa, Sesabamisi
sasjeli, magram am ukanasknelTa gaTavisufleba SeiZleba codvebisagan
eklesiis locviT, qristes saSineli gansjis Semdeg suli ukve miiRebs
saboloo mdgomareobas. marTalni _ saukuno netarebas, codvilni saukuno
tanjvas. arc saukuno netareba iqneba yvelasaTvis erTnairi da arc
saukuno tanjva, aramed Sesabamisi maTi saqmeebisadmi. (saqmeTa misTaebr).
netarebas
ganuviTardebaT
suli
RmerTTan
siaxloviT
miaRwevs.
risganac
yovelgvari niWi, marTalni dauaxlovdebian wmindanebs,
angelozebs. ganaxlebuli buneba adamianisa netarebis wyarod iqceva.
gansxvavebul
mdgomareobaTa miuxedavad marTalni kmayofilni iqnebian
TavianTi saukuno xvedrisa. swored es iqneba `cxovreba mermisa
saukunessa~, romelic wams yvela morwmunes `mrwamsis~ Tanaxmad.
mis
aRsaniSnavia isic, rom sikvdilis Semdgomi sasamarTlo, wardgoma
winaSe
RvTisa
da
amqveyniuri
cxovrebis
Sesabamisad
imqveyniuri
mdgomareobis mopoveba, swamda kacobriobis yvela tomsa da xalxs
yovelTvis yovel droSi, ganviTarebis yovel safexurze, velur tomTa
saxiT cxovrebisas Tu civilizebulT.
`xolo mkvdrebi rom aRdgebian, amis Sesaxeb mosemac miuTiTa, mayvlis
buCqze, rodesac ufals uwoda RmerTi abrahamisa, da RmerTi isaakisa da
84
RmerTi iakobisa, xolo RmerTi mkvdrebisa ki ara, aramed cocxlebisaa,
vinaidan misTvis yvela cocxalia~ - ambobda macxovari (luka 20: 37-38).
`Tu TqvenSi imyofeba misi suli, vinc mkvdreTiT aRadgina ieso, maSin
is, vinc qriste ieso aRadgina mkvdreTiT Tqvens mokvdav sxeulebsac
gaacocxlebs Tavisi suliT, romelic TqvenSia damkvidrebuli~ (rom. 8-11).
sikvdili
sicocxlea.
damarcxda,
mesiam
Tavisi
aRdgomiT
sZlia
mas.
is
bolosityva
patiosanno da didebulno qarTvelno,
qristesmier sayvarelo Svilno, ukve ori aTasamde welia Cveni
winaprebi Tayvans scemen yovladwmida samebas, Zes RvTisas ieso qristes.
Cveni
mamebi
iesosadmi
siyvaruls
gamoxatavdnen
palestinasa
da
ierusalimSi im wminda adgilebis gansakuTrebuli pativiscemiT, sadac fexi
daudgams Cvens macxovars, sadac iSva ieso qriste, gaizarda, aswavlida,
kurnavda, mkvdreTiT aRadgenda, sadac Cveni codvebisaTvis ineba jvarcma
xolo Semdeg Cveni xsnisaTvis aRdgoma da amaRleba. amis gamoc am wignSi
sagangebod warmovaCine iesos moRvaweobis yoveli adgili saxeldebiTa da
miniSnebiT. gansakuTrebuli yuradRebiT ki Sevecade aRmewera vnebis kviris
yoveli dRe, am dros ierusalimSi iesos mier ganvlili gzebi. yoveli es
wminda adgili saqarTveloSi Zvel drosve iyo cnobili. iq qarTvelebi
agebdnen monastrebs berebisaTvis, sastumroebs saqarTvelodan Casuli
mlocvelTaTvis. ase iyo ukve IV_V saukunidan Tu ufro adridan ara.
dResdReobiT CvenTa codvaTa gamo yovelive dakargulia da ganvlilia.
davkargeT Tu ara monastrebi,
siwmindeTa siyvarulisa.
grZnobac
ki
palestina
ierusalimis
ierusalimSi yvela qristian ers aqvs monastrebi, sastumroebi, moxuc
piligrimTa (mlocvelTa) saxlebi.
amJamad, saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebriobis aRdgenis Semdgom, kvlav
Cveni dro modis, kvlav unda SeiZras qristianuli suli qarTvelobisa,
ierusalimSi unda aRorZindes qarTuli kerebi, kvlav unda
qarTvelebma wminda miwasTan `erTobili~ saqarTvelosaTvis.
ilocon
amisTvis sasurvelia Cveni piradi wvliliT SevewioT am wminda saqmes,
davaarsoT `ierusalimis saZmo~, anu berebis, monazvnebis, morCilebis,
morwmuneebis, inteleqtualebis, mamuliSvilebis sakrebulo, romlis
saboloo mizani iqneba palestina – ierusalimSi qarTuli kerebis
aRorZineba,
salocavad
sazogadoeba~
manamde ki ierusalimSi qarTvelTa saxlis
Casuli
qarTvelebis
daxmareba,
(ruseTis
gasuli
saukunidan
arsebobs.
es
mZlavri
daarseba, iq
`palestinis
organizacia
85
exmareba
ruseTidan
wminda
palestinaSi centrebi).
male gaixsneba Cveni
miwaze
qveynis
misul
piligrimebs,
sazRvrebi,
mravali
aqvs
mTels
qarTveli
gava
ucxoeTSi,
maT
sulieri
mzrunveli
dasWirdebaT,
aseve
mravali
gaemgzavreba wminda adgilebis mosalocad, maTac daxmareba dasWirdebaT.
jvris monastersa da ucxoeTSi
arsebul sxva qarTul centrebs
saqarTveloSi hqondaT mamulebi, saxlebi, duqnebi. am monastrebis
aRorZinebamde xsenebulma `ierusalimis saZmom~ saqarTveloSi unda
SeiZinos an saxelmwifosagan miiRos qoneba, amravlos saxsrebi, romelsac
Semdgom moaxmars qarTvel mlocvelebs ucxoeTSi.
me piradad siamovnebiT Seval `ierusalimis saZmoSi~ viTarca erTi
rigiTi morCili Zma _ episkoposi anania jafariZe.
axalcixe. 21.10.92
sarCevi
Soba qristesi
gancxadeba uflisa
msaxureba qveynierebis gadasarCenad
mzadeba gamosyidvisaTvis
vnebis Svideuli
bzobis kvira
didi orSabaTi
didi samSabaTi
didi oTxSabaTi
didi xuTSabaTi
didi paraskevi
didi SabaTi
aRdgoma da amaRleba
bolosityva
86