PITTURE INTUMESCENTI Intumescent coatings Claudio Pagella, IRIS Coatings Procoat Aitiva PoliTo, Giornate sui PV, Torino 13.05.2014 1 Outline • • • • Intumescence Intumescent coatings Fire Fire protection – Reaction to fire – Resistance to fire • Fire testing • Regulation & standards Procoat Aitiva PoliTo, Giornate sui PV, Torino 13.05.2014 2 Intumescent coatings Char buildup (T > 200-250 °C) Thermal insulating char layer (expansion ratio 1:50 to 1:100) Procoat Aitiva PoliTo, Giornate sui PV, Torino 13.05.2014 3 Pitture intumescenti - composizione • Carbonifico (carbon source) – Es. Pentaeritritolo • Donatore d’acido (acid donor) – Es. APP = Ammonio Polifosfato • Espandente (blowing agent) – Es. Melamina • Legante (binder) – Es. Resine acriliche, vinilacriliche, viniliche Procoat Aitiva PoliTo, Giornate sui PV, Torino 13.05.2014 4 Prodotto della reazione di intumescenza Prof. Serge Bourbigot Universite de Lille, France Procoat Aitiva PoliTo, Giornate sui PV, Torino 13.05.2014 5 Intumescent systems at work Intumescent coating in the cone calorimeter (S. Bourbigot, University of Lille, 2008) Procoat Aitiva PoliTo, Giornate sui PV, Torino 13.05.2014 6 After the fire “acrylic” intumescent paint for steel intumescent clearcoat for wood • Expansion ratio: up to 1:100 (standard 1:70 – 1:80) • Thermal conductivity: < 0,01 W/mK i.e. 10 times lower than an average passive insulating foam • Protection time: up to 2 hours (R 120) or more Procoat Aitiva PoliTo, Giornate sui PV, Torino 13.05.2014 7 Thermal properties of intumescent coatings 0.5 Thermal conductivity (W/moC) closed profiles open profiles 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 0 200 400 600 800 o Temperature ( C) 1000 1200 Effective thermal conductivity vs. temperature FSD, (2002), Sweden Procoat Aitiva PoliTo, Giornate sui PV, Torino 13.05.2014 8 Intumescent coating systems INTUMESCENT COATING Sandblasted TOPCOAT PRIMER Procoat Aitiva PoliTo, Giornate sui PV, Torino 13.05.2014 Steel 9 The intumescent coatings technology • 1960’s • Scientific studies • Pioneering applications • 1980’s • Industrial use • 1990’s • Improved testing methods • 2000’s • European standardization Procoat Aitiva PoliTo, Giornate sui PV, Torino 13.05.2014 10 Fire Every year in the European Union 4,000 people are killed and 80,000 injured by fire The cost of fires to European countries is on average 1% of GDP Procoat Aitiva PoliTo, Giornate sui PV, Torino 13.05.2014 11 Fire • RESISTANCE TO FIRE – Delay loss of loadbearing capacity (R) – Avoid passage of smoke + fire through (E) – Limit temperature on unexposed side (I) • REACTION TO FIRE – Combustibility – Self-estinguishing properties – Spread of flame rate – Behaviour at ignition/flashover – Smoke release Optical density Toxicity (composition index of toxic components) Procoat Aitiva PoliTo, Giornate sui PV, Torino 13.05.2014 12 Fire protection of wood • Resistance to fire • Reaction to fire INTUMESCENT COATINGS: • reduce carbonization rate • delay ignition Pictures courtesy prof. Ryszard Kozłowski, Institute of Natural Fibres, Poznan Procoat Aitiva PoliTo, Giornate sui PV, Torino 13.05.2014 13 Fire protection of polymers (HIPS = High Impact PolyStyrene) Source: ENFIRO, EU research project FP7: 226563 Procoat Aitiva PoliTo, Giornate sui PV, Torino 13.05.2014 14 Fire protection of building constructions 15 Mechanical properties of steel vs. T Loadbearing capacity vs. temperature Elastic modulus vs. temperature Procoat Aitiva PoliTo, Giornate sui PV, Torino 13.05.2014 16 Thermal capacity of steel: the section factor Procoat Aitiva PoliTo, Giornate sui PV, Torino 13.05.2014 17 Dimension tables Tcr = 550 °C R (minutes) mass factor (m-1) 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 380 400 15 30 45 60 Tcr = 650 °C 90 15 Dry Film Thickness (DFT) 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 344 408 468 523 575 624 670 713 754 792 828 862 895 926 300 300 392 527 652 767 875 974 1067 1154 1236 1312 1384 1452 1516 1576 1634 1688 1739 300 458 664 854 1029 1191 1341 1481 1611 1733 1847 1954 2055 2150 2240 2325 2405 2481 2553 30 45 60 90 Dry Film Thickness (DFT) 530 885 1210 1508 1784 2038 2275 2494 2699 2891 3070 3239 3397 3547 3688 3821 3947 4067 4181 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 318 353 385 415 444 471 496 521 544 565 Procoat Aitiva PoliTo, Giornate sui PV, Torino 13.05.2014 300 300 300 317 410 496 576 650 720 784 845 902 956 1006 1054 1099 1142 1183 1221 300 300 436 580 714 837 951 1058 1157 1250 1337 1419 1496 1569 1637 1702 1764 1822 1877 347 622 874 1106 1320 1518 1702 1873 2033 2182 2322 2453 2577 2694 2804 2908 3007 3100 3189 18 Intumescent coatings vs. competitive technologies Thin layer +++ Fit to surface +++ No change of shape +++ Performance/DFT +++ Low amount +++ Little use resources ++ R time 15-60 min +++ R time 90-120 min + Environment Durability +/? Procoat Aitiva PoliTo, Giornate sui PV, Torino 13.05.2014 19 Intumescent coatings fire testing i.e. to measure “the contribution to fire resistance” of intumescent coatings (barrier to heat transfer) Procoat Aitiva PoliTo, Giornate sui PV, Torino 13.05.2014 20 Regulation & Standards Eurocodes EN 1992-1-2, EN 1993-1-2, EN 1994-1-2, EN 1995-1-2, EN 1996-1-2, EN 1999-1-2 EU product classification Resistance-to-fire: EN 13501-2, EN 13501-3 Reaction-to-fire: Decision 2000/147/CE Standard fire ISO 834 Furnace standards EN 1963-1, EN1363-2 Standard reaction-to fire test methods EN ISO 1882, EN ISO 1716, EN 13823 (SBI), EN ISO 11925-2, EN ISO 9239-1 Standard resistance-tofire test methods ENV 13381-1: Horizontal protective membranes ENV 13381-2: Vertical protective membranes ENV 13381-3: Applied protection to concrete members ENV 13381-4: Applied protection to steel members ENV 13381-5: Applied protection to concrete/profiled sheet steel composite members ENV 13381-6: Applied protection to concrete filled hollow steel columns ENV 13381-7: Applied protection to timber members ENV 13381-8 Applied reactive protection to steel members Procoat Aitiva PoliTo, Giornate sui PV, Torino 13.05.2014 21 Fire testing (resistance to fire) ENV 13381-4 test setup, before and after the test Procoat Aitiva PoliTo, Giornate sui PV, Torino 13.05.2014 22 Furnace • The “ideal furnace” • Fuel • Burners • Internal lining (density) • Size • Plate thermometers (photo: courtesy Pavus) Procoat Aitiva PoliTo, Giornate sui PV, Torino 13.05.2014 23 The assessment of fire test results 800 Temperature ( oC) • numerical regression • differential equation (constant lambda) • differential equation (variable lambda) • graphical method Heating curve 600 400 Experimental EC3 prediction 200 FEA Wickstrom's method • Numerical methods ? 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 Time (min) 60 70 80 Kang Hai Tan et al., 2004 Procoat Aitiva PoliTo, Giornate sui PV, Torino 13.05.2014 24 90 The end Grazie dell’attenzione! Per tutto quello per cui è mancato il tempo: [email protected] Procoat Aitiva PoliTo, Giornate sui PV, Torino 13.05.2014 25
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