Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, Third Edition

Encyclopedia of
Information Science and
Technology, Third Edition
Mehdi Khosrow-Pour
Information Resources Management Association, USA
A volume in the
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Encyclopedia of information science and technology / Mehdi Khosrow-Pour, editor.
pages cm
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-4666-5888-2 (hardcover) -- ISBN 978-1-4666-5889-9 (ebook) -- ISBN 978-1-4666-5891-2 (print &
perpetual access) 1. Information science--Encyclopedias. 2. Information technology--Encyclopedias. I. Khosrow-Pour,
Mehdi, 1951Z1006.E566 2015
020.3--dc23
2014017131
British Cataloguing in Publication Data
A Cataloguing in Publication record for this book is available from the British Library.
All work contributed to this book is new, previously-unpublished material. The views expressed in this book are those of the
authors, but not necessarily of the publisher.
For electronic access to this publication, please contact: [email protected].
Category: IT Research and Theory
4195
The Representation of Architectural
Heritage in the Digital Age
Stefano Brusaporci
L’Aquila University, Italy
INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND
Computer and digital technologies, associated with a
higher diffusion and development of Information and
Communication Technologies, have led to profound
changes in the field of architectural survey and representation. In particular the use of representative digital
3D models has acquired an inescapable role.
An architectural digital representation conceptually
cannot be limited to its surfaces – as far as conducted
at the highest level of photorealism – or to the problem
of measurement’s metric accuracy – as far as necessary –, but inevitably it must also include the issue of
understanding, representation and communication of
historical and aesthetic characteristics, interpreted in the
broadest sense of the terms. Consequently the contents
are influenced by: building characteristics (for example
a ruin of classical age, a medieval castle, a renaissance
palace, a baroque church); specific representation aims
(such as geometrical-dimensional surveying, degradation analysis, communication addressed to non-expert
users, etc.); last but not least, level of definition (scale
or, for a 3D model, the Levels of Details).
Digital technologies favor the representation of
architecture by the definition of virtual 3D complex
models (Figure 1). In particular these models have to
contain not only dimensional and geometrical building’s
aspects, but they also have to represents architectural
and constructive ones, describe transformations, be a
core for the aggregation, organization, analysis, and
management of the vast and heterogeneous number
of information associated to an architectural heritage
– such as surveying and design drawings, historical
documents, scientific data (Centofanti & Brusaporci,
2012).
An Architecture is a complex organism, synthesis
of spaces, surfaces, volumes, materials, made with
specific constructive systems, result of processes of
transformation and modification over time, expression of interventions and of architectural cultures that
have occurred since its construction to the present day.
Each building has its own quality of “individual,” for
this reason it is often used the term “handmade” (or
“artifact”), to highlight how a historic building can be
seen as a product of human activity.
Digital technologies have fundamentally altered
techniques and tools of surveying and drawing, basing
the representation on the three-dimensional model.
The debate is concentrated on issues related to the
problems of modeling and rendering, necessarily involving disciplinary fields such as computer graphics
and topography. A broadly interdisciplinary approach
is necessary (for example Cigola, 2012), however, remaining the same problems and objectives set by the
critical historical study of architecture, and in particular
the need of the use of architectural surveying for the
analysis, acknowledgment and communication of historical and aesthetic values (Docci & Maestri, 2009).
In recent years many researchers have been interested in cultural heritage digital representation, in
particular focusing on computing issues, often without distinguishing between cultural and architectural
heritage.
The themes of cultural heritage survey and 3D
modeling have found a place in many international
conferences, and are the subject of several associations (http://cipa.icomos.org/; “IEEEXPLORE”;
Digital Agenda for Europe of European Commission;
Remondino & El-Hakim, 2011; Boehm, Remondino
& Kersten, 2013). However, in such cases, specific
building heritage’s representation problems are not
studied autonomously, but they are analyzed accord-
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-4666-5888-2.ch412
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I
Category:
The
Representation
IT Research
of Architectural
and Theory Heritage in the Digital Age
constitutes a change for representation and, more generally, suggests new epistemological approaches to the
disciplines of architecture.
The model, as critical product of a creative / interpretative act, it’s a contribution to building knowledge
and therefore constitutes itself as a new document: In
this sense it is a new documental text, with its own
historical-critical value (Centofanti, 2012). In this way,
the model constitutes a new objectivity – although
of other nature – that accompanies the architectural
reality, as new cultural product, i.e. an e-architectural
heritage (Figure 6).
REFERENCES
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of complex architectures. International Society for
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anni trenta e Quaranta del Novecento. Rome: Gangemi.
Brusaporci, S. (2013). Modelli complessi per il patrimonio architettonico-urbano. In S. Brusaporci (Ed.),
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Centofanti, M., & Brusaporci, S. (2012). Interpretative
3D digital models in architectural surveying of historical
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4202
Centofanti, M., Brusaporci, S., Continenza, R., &
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I
The Representation of Architectural
Category:
Heritage
IT Research
in theand
Digital
Theory
Age
ADDITIONAL READING
Aalberg, T., Papatheodorou, C., Dobreva, M., Tsakonas, G., & Farrugia, C. J. (Eds.). (2013). Research and
Advanced Technology for Digital Libraries. Berlin:
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Piazzola sul Brenta. Disegnare idee immagini 42, 42-55.
Bianchini, C. (2007). From reality to virtualità (and
back): the wooden model by Antonio da Sangallo for
the new St. Peter’s in the Vatican. Disegnare idee immagini, 34, 36-49.
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New York: Springer.
Brusaporci, S. (2011). Modelli digitali per la rappresentazione dell’architettura. DisegnareCon, 8, 107–115.
Brusaporci, S. (Ed.). (2013). Complex models for
architectural heritage. Rome: Gangemi.
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Experience in the Digital Age. New York: SpringerVerlag. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-04510-8
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43–54). Rome: Gangemi.
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3D modeling in historical buildings knowledge and
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Centofanti, M., Continenza, R., Brusaporci, S., &
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project by Antonio da Sangallo. Disegnare idee immagini, 34, 24-35.
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museum for policies of planning, safeguard and government of mediterranean archeological landscape. In
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