Gas Storage Bergermeer Petroleum Geologische Kring 18 maart 2015 Nout den Boer Senior Geologist TAQA Energy B.V. Dirk Nieuwland Geomechanics and Seismicity Advisor TAQA Energy B.V. 3 Contents presentation TAQA at a glance Why a Gas Storage Boekelermeer & Bergermeer Sites Subsurface Drilling / Completion Challenges 4 TAQA at a glance • • • • • Oil and Gas E&P – Pipelines – Power Generation – Water Desalination 2013 revenue : $ 7.0 Bn Assets 31 Dec 2013: $ 33.2 Bn Employees: 2800 Operating in North America, Europe, Middle East, North Africa and India • • • • • Founded 2005 Abu Dhabi Government 75 % / Public Shareholders 25 % Power generation capacity: 16,395 MW Water desalination capacity: 887 MIGD Oil & gas production: 142,400 boe/d (North America 63% - UK 32% - NL 6%) 5 Why a Gas Storage ? 6 Waarom een UGS (Underground Gas Storage) ? NE SW Bergermeer Gas Field North Sea Holland Vlieland Vlieland Altena Altena Altena Germanic Trias Germanic Trias Bunter Gas filled Zechstein Water (Source Rock) Bunter Zechstein Salt (Seal) Rotliegend Sandstone(Reservoir) Carboniferous 8 9 “Gas-roundabout Netherlands” gasberging Bergermeer Gasunie leiding 92 km Beverwijk - Wijngaarden 10 228 bar Remaining Gas 1,0 15 bar Bergermeer GIIP, UR, CG and WG Volumes (BCM) Historic Production 15,8 15 bar GIIP = 16.8 BCM 77 bar 11 Gas demand in the Netherlands – Capacity BGM • Average cold winterday : • Record 7-Feb-2012 : 500 MCM/d 545 MCM/d Decline rate 57 – 27 MCM/d 62 days Plateau rate 57 MCM/d 30 days 12 Boekelermeer & Bergermeer Sites 13 TAQA Bergen Concession 3 dune sites 4 polder sites 15 Key figures Bergermeer construction • Total costs : € 850 million • Of which drilling: € 183 million • 3300 man years work, 2650 in NL • Long term jobs: 50 in TAQA + 100 indirectly 17 Gas Compressors Gas Coolers 35 kV sub-station Gas Drying Equipment Vent Stack Condensate Handling 150 kV station Control Room Boekelermeer Gas Handling Plant Injection and Production of Gas • Max 20 new wells (in cellars), injectors/producers • Work-over existing wells • Water Injection • Seismic Monitoring Bergermeer Well Location Pipeline crossing Alkmaar – Egmond road Beeld van de boring van de gastransportleiding onder het Heilooerbos. 21 22 Subsurface 23 Cross section SOUTHERN PERMIAN BASIN Bergen / Middelie Area Present-day distribution and facies map of the Upper Rotliegend Group (late Middle to early Late Permian) in the Southern Permian Basin 25 FACIES DISTRIBUTION ROTLIEGEND Overall facies distribution at the onset of deposition of the Upper Slochteren Member 26 Artist impression of Southern Permian Basin 27 Modern Analogue of Transverse Dunes in Maroccan Desert Dromedary for scale 29 Rotliegend Weissliegend Rotliegend reservoir BGM: Weisliegend and Rotliegend OGWC 30 Drilling / Completion Challenges: • • • Depleted Reservoir (50-80 bar) Wellbore Stability (overburden and reservoir) Sand Control 31 3D-View Existing Wells New Wells 32 Predicted Pore Pressure and Fracture Gradient well BGM-01 Pressure (bara) 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 0 BGM-01 Stratigraphy Fracture Pressure 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 Pore Pressure ROSL 70 bar Pore Pressure ROSL 30 bar 500 Base Upper North Sea Top Holland Marl Top Vlieland Shale Depth mTVSS 1000 Top Keuper 1500 Top Rogenstein Top ZEUC Top Platten Dolomite 2.0 2000 Top ROSL 1.8 GWC Top Carboniferous 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 2500 34 RCD Allows Drill pipe to enter pressurized well MPD Two Phase System Overview Safe Silenced Vent 2 X MPD Chokes RIG PUMP’s RCD Mud Pits 2 X N2 PUMP N2 is pumped into the drilling annulus via a down hole choke. N2 expands in the drilling anulus displacing drilling mud by volume. N2 TANKS BHP is controlled automated MPD chokes recieving data from MWD and a downhole gauge. DHG N2 Inj Valve N2 is removed from the drilling mud and vented. Drilling mud is metered and returned to the rig mud pits. Coriolis Meter = Mud Rate & Density SHAKER TROUGH DRILL CUTTINGS PROCESSING Mud Pits Baracarb reservoir wellbore OBM + Baracarb Depleted reservoir 36 Cretaceous Tertiary Quarternary Bergermeer Well Designs version 4 North Sea Holland 20” Surface Casing (into top Vlieland Shale) Vlieland Shale Slochteren Formation Zechstein Z1 – Z3 Triassic Formations 7”x 9⅝” Tubing Aalburg & Sleen Keuper Muschelkalk Muschelkalk Evaporite (salt?) Upper Röt Claystone Main Röt Evaporite (salt?) Sollingen Claystone Sollingen Sandstone Bunter Volpriehausen Lower Bunter Rogenstein Lower Bunter Main Claystone 13 ⅜” Production Casing (into top Lower Bunter Main Clay Stone) Z3 Salt Swell Packer Production Packer Uniflex Liner Hanger Denotes Cr13 steel Z2 Salt 9 ⅝” Production Liner (into top Weissliegend) Weissliegendes 7” SAS in 8½” Slanted Hole Rotliegendes 7” SAS in 8½” Sub-horizontal Hole Open Hole Completion-Sand Control Screen 2 3 Formation 1 38 BGM-19 BGM-10 ST2 Permeability Log 40 51m blank pipe 53m 105m Swellpacker #4 2932m or lower Swellpacker #3 2985m or higher Swellpacker #2 3090m or higher 132m Swellpacker #1 3222m or higher 195m Wellbore stability problems in Vlieland and Altena Shales • • • • Lost 2 holes Suspended well Acquired and interpreted geomechanical logs in next well BGM-11 Maximum inclination in Vlieland and Altena: 50 degrees 43 Exchange down hole targets of BGM-10 and BGM-18 44 Block 1A Inferred fracture zone causing total losses BGM-17 cross-cutting mid field fault Block 1B Block 2 Block 1C Plan Actual Drilling reservoir section MPD Single phase OBM ECD reservoir section (pres 80 bar) 0.57 1.15 Non-horizontal wells S-shaped Slanted Horizontal wells Weissliegend Land on 2200 TVNAP Number of non-horizontal wells 10 11 Number of horizontal wells 5 4 Number of sidetracks 1 (water injector) 1+3 Deliverability horizontal wells 3.2 x 106 m3/d > 5 x 106 m3/d Deliverability non-horizontal wells 5 x 106 m3/d > 5 x 106 m3/d Drilling costs 182.6 million € 164.6 million € 46 19th of June 2015: PGK excursion to Boekelermeer and Bergermeer 47 Questions ??? 48
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