BIJLAGE 12
COMMENTAAR VAN RWS OP STEP
TEN BEHOEVE VAN WEGONTWERP
BIJLAUb 12
BIBLIOTHEEK
Bouwdienst Rijkswaterstaat
Postbus 20.000
3502 LA Utrecht /
BIBLIOTHEEK BOUWDIENST RIJKSWATERSTAAT
nr
C D f . i ^ b - . . bcf.lft
Subject: Needs to extend part 41, 42 and 43 of ISO 10303 (STEP)
Author: Frank Mol, Bouwdienst Rijkswaterstaat, The Netherlands
July 1993
e-mail adress: moiabd.rws.nl
Date:
In c i v i l e n g i n e e r i n g ( e s p e c i a l l y c i v i l s i t e e n g i n e e r i n g , d i g i t a l
t e r r a i n m o d e l l i n g and road design) t h e d i s t i n c t i o n between ' h o r i z o n t a l '
and ' v e r t i c a l ' i s fundamental.
The t h i r d dimension i s always t h e v e r t i c a l one i n e x t e n s i o n t o t h e
f i r s t and t h e second i n h o r i z o n t a l space.
A 2D space i s e i t h e r ' h o r i z o n t a l ' o r ' v e r t i c a l ' . V e r t i c a l space i s used
p a r t i c u l a r l y f o r (planar) ' p r o f i l e s ' .
Two c o o r d i n a t e systems a r e used:
1) C a r t e s i a n ;
2) O r t h o g o n a l w i t h one c u r v e d a x i s i n t h e h o r i z o n t a l p l a n e .
C a r t e s i a n t r a n s f o r m a t i o n s a r e l i m i t e d t o 3D s c a l i n g and h o r i z o n t a l l y
r o t a t i n g , s o : t h e s e t r a n s f o r m a t i o n s can n o t d i s t u r b t h e d i s t i n c t i o n
between h o r i z o n t a l and v e r t i c a l .
In v e r t i c a l space a s p e c i a l t r a n s f o r m a t i o n i s needed: v e r t i c a l
c o o r d i n a t e s changes l i n e a r l y w h i l e h o r i z o n t a l c o o r d i n a t e s do n o t
change.
In t h e second c o o r d i n a t e system t h e v e r t i c a l p l a n e i s i n f a c t an
u n f o l d e d s u r f a c e t h a t i s s i n g l e c u r v e d i n t h e f i r s t system.
In c i v i l e n g i n e e r i n g ( e s p e c i a l l y d i g i t a l t e r r a i n m o d e l l i n g )
length_measures can be o f t h e type (long) i n t e g e r , i n c o m b i n a t i o n w i t h
a l e n g t h _ u n i t t h a t f i t s i n t h e handled a c c u r a c y and t o l e r a n c e s .
A remarkable b e n e f i t i s t h a t d a t a i n t e r c h a n g e v i a p h y s i c a l f i l e s c a n
not d i s t u r b any i n t e r p r e t a t i o n (without s p e c i a l e n t i t i e s f o r t o l e r a n c e s
s t i l l t o be developped i n STEP ? ) .
T h i s i s s u e may have consequencies on topology, because g e o m e t r i c p o i n t s
can then be compared e x a c t l y .
Furthermore a new subtype o f curve i s needed: t h e s p i r a l , c u r l i n g
inwards, outwards o r upwards. E s p e c i a l l y f o r road d e s i g n a inwards
c u r l i n g s p i r a l i s needed: t h e (planar) c l o t h o i d , o f which t h e c u r v a t u r e
i s l i n e a r w i t h t h e e v o l v e d l e n g t h . The r e p r e s e n t a t i o n i n c a r t e s i a n
c o o r d i n a t e s i s o n l y p o s s i b l e by an a p p r o x i m a t i n g s e r i e s o f terms.
Agreements i n d e t a i l a r e n e c e s s a r y about o r i g i n , s i g n c o n v e n t i o n s and
a c c u r a c y (and perhaps c u r v a t u r e domain) t o s u p p o r t .
In t h e f i e l d o f s u r f a c e m o d e l l i n g a new type o f bounded_surface i s
needed: a t r i a n g u l a r _ c o m p o s i t e _ s u r f a c e o f which t h e patches a r e p l a n e
t r i a n g l e s . M o s t l y t h i s type o f s u r f a c e has been g e n e r a t e d from a s e t o f
p o l y l i n e s ( t h a t do n o t i n t e r s e c t i n h o r i z o n t a l s p a c e ) , w h i l e i t i s
i m p o r t a n t t o know which edge o f t h e s u r f a c e comes from a p o l y l i n e and
which edge i s g e n e r a t e d i n between.
I have no i d e a , y e t , o f t h e impact on t h e r e l a t i o n between geometry and
topology.
As comment on t h e d r a f t p r o p o s a l o f B i l l Anderson (june 1993) about
s w e p t _ s u r f a c e I agree w i t h t h e i d e a o f a c u r v e d p r o f i l e _ p a t h , but I
have some remarks.
The o r i e n t a t i o n v e c t o r s o f t h e p l a n e o f t h e p r o f i l e curve a r e :
- both f i x e d o r
- one f i x e d and one p e r p e n d i c u l a r t o t h e p a t h o r
- both p e r p e n d i c u l a r t o the path.
The r e a s o n i s t h a t i n c i v i l e n g i n e e r i n g n o r m a l l y p r o f i l e p l a n e s s t a y
v e r t i c a l and f o l l o w o n l y t h e h o r i z o n t a l v e c t o r o f t h e p a t h .
Furthermore I w i l l here r e f e r t o t h e f u n c t i o n a l i t y o f 'template
p u s h i n g ' i n CAD systems: t h e s w e p t _ p r o f i l e (template) has s e v e r a l
v e r t i c e s o f which each i s r e l a t e d t o an own p r o f i l e _ p a t h , so t h e
p r o f i l e edges a r e s t r e t c h e d d u r i n g sweeping.
BIJLAGE 11
Mr V i n c e n t C h a i l l o u
V.P.
and G e n e r a l Manager
AEC B u s i n e s s U n i t
Computervision Corporation
100 C r o s b y D r i v e
Bedford
MA 0 1 7 3 0
USA
Our R e f :
19 J u l y
JMH/CAP/UJ22
1993
Dear
Chaillou
/
Mr
In J a n u a r y I had a meeting w i t h John P a r s o n s and H o r s t von
B e r g c o n c e r n i n g t h e p o s s i b l e c o - o p e r a t i o n b e t w e e n MOSS S y s t e m s
L i m i t e d and Computervision? the meeting focused h e a v i l y on the
p o s s i b i l i t y o f MSL u s i n g t h e L i b e r a t o r d e v e l o p m e n t
environment
a s a v e h i c l e f o r t h e d e v e l o p m e n t o f a r e p l a c e m e n t MOSS
product.
W h i l s t t h i s a p p r o a c h w a s a t t r a c t i v e t o M S L , we h a v e
made s i g n i f i c a n t i n v e s t m e n t i n o t h e r d e v e l o p m e n t t o o l s a s
o u t l i n e d i n my l e t t e r s o f 2 7 t h J a n u a r y a n d 5 t h M a r c h
1993,
copies of which are
attached.
I r e c e n t l y v i s i t e d t h e R i j k w a t e r s t a d t a n d was g i v e n a
d e m o n s t r a t i o n o f D i m e n s i o n III
within the C i v i l Engineering
Division.
D u r i n g d i s c u s s i o n w i t h F r a n s v a n Damm, i t w a s c l e a r
t h a t t h e r e are major weaknesses i n the t e r r a i n » o d « l l i n g c i v i l
e n g i n e e r i n g d e s i g n a n d s u r f a c e a n a l y s i s £a<=m£Les i n t h e CV
product.
A l l o f t h i s f u n c t i o n a l i t y e x i s t s i n MOSS a n d a s
the
d e m o n s t r a t i o n p r o g r e s s e d I was shown t h e u s e o f t h e DAL
development language in another
context.
It
i s n o w c l e a r t o me t h a t t h e r e i s a n e x c e l l e n t
opportunity
t o i n t e g r a t e t h e MOSS f u n c t i o n a l i t y w i t h i n t h e D i m e n s i o n
III
environment.
MOSS c a n be d r i v e n from an i n t e r a c t i v e
screen
o r , more i m p o r t a n t l y
in this context,
by a s e r i e s of
simple
command l i n e s .
T h u s MOSS c o u l d be r u n n i n g as a
separate
p r o c e s s communicating w i t h Dimension III.
The u s e r i n
^ f «
w o u l d be d e v e l o p e d i n D i m e n s i o n III
w h i c h w o u l d i s s u e commands
to MOSS.
MOSS would then p a s s back the r e s u l t s o f
the
a n a l y s i s i n the form of i n d i v i d u a l data items, s t r i n g s of
data
or complete surface models.
The u s e r would n e v e r s e e MOSS
o p e r a t i n g , b u t t h e enormous range o f s t r i n g and t r i a n g l e
based
s u r f a c e m o d e l l i n g f u n c t i o n a l i t y would be
available.
t
e
a
/2
MOSS Systems Urrtfed MOSS House North Heath Lane H o r s h a m ™ J ^ ™ £ ™ ^ Z ™ ™
Mr V i n c e n t
Chaillou
Computervision Corporation
2/2
I h o p e t h a t y o u w i l l b e i n t e r e s t e d i n d i s c u s s i n g my p r o p o s a l
f u r t h e r a s a way o f i n c o r p o r a t i n g a d v a n c e d s u r f a c e
modelling
facilities
i n D i m e n s i o n III
to a short time s c a l e without
significant
investment.
I am p e r s o n a l l y e x c i t e d a t t h e p r o s p e c t
h e a r i n g from you.
I w o u l d c e r t a i n l y be
i n t h e USA
at a time convenient to you.
Yours
and l o o k
prepared
sincerely
J.M.
Houlton
Managing
Director
Copy
to:
Mr R u s s e l l H.
Boekenkroeger
Direction, Application Products
forward to
to v i s i t
you
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COMPUTERVISION
DEMONSTRATIONS
Pershing Hall
MONDAY - SEMINAR SERIES
5:30 P. M.
Reengineering the Product Development Process
6:45 P.M.
Empowering Product Development Teams
7:45 P.M.
Empowering Product Development Teams
Pershing Hall opens at 5:15 P.M.
Come by for refreshments!
TUESDAY - FUTURES
Here are the times the Futures Demonstrations will be shown:
3:30 P.M.,
4:00 P.M.,
4:30 P.M.
Come get a sneak preview of CADDS5 Revision 5!
Table-Driven Family of Parts - See how you can link your spreadsheet to CADDS
5 to create a parametric family of parts.
Tolerance Modeling - See how tolerance conditions can be attached to the
parametric model and how the model can be evaluated at the various
conditions.
Bi-Directional Associativity - Yes we have it, and we've done it BETTER than
everyone else!
Interactive Rendering & HLR - Have you ever wanted to work completely in
shaded mode? How about HLR mode? With Revision 5 (actually Revision
4.1), now you can. Come see this most-impressive new functionality.
and more
All of the other workstations surrounding the room will also be demonstrating.
We measure our success by our customers' successes.
BIJLAGE 1(
Booth 1 - NMT
NMT Corporation specializes in the distribution of data and engineering drawings
for enterprise -wide access. Their system based software compacts vector data to
conserve file space; maintains a database of mixed vector/raster/text data; and
distributes data as client -determined subsets to local and remote file servers.
NMT also provides GCOM and scanning services.
Booth 2 • Micro-Age
MicroAge will display multi-platform hardware and software integration between
Sun, HP, Macintosh and PC hardware platforms running CADDS5, MEDUSA &
PVS, third party software and networking products including PC Xwindows,
TechPubs, CVNC, Medusa, and AEC Application Specialist
Booth 3 • Conceptual Technologies, Inc.
Conceptual Technologies is uniquely structured to provide the highest quality of
consulting and technical support to companies using Computervision technology.
With some of the most experienced CAE/CAD/CAM consultants in North
America, Conceptual Technologies offers professional sale and technical support
in Computervision's full range of products.
Booth 4 - Computervision Services
A division of Computervision, Computervision Services is a leading service
provider, supporting more than 35,000 systems in heterogeneous computing
environments. The organization provides consulting, integration, education, and
support services for applications, systems and networks as well as a full portfolio
of open systems services, to customers of the company and its strategic partners.
Booth 5 - Leasetec Systems Credit
Leastec Systems Credit Corp. (formerly Primetec Leasing), as Computervision's
preferred financial partner, offers innovative financial solutions to customers. We
look forward to discussing any financial requirements you may have.
Booth 6 - Brock Rooney & Associates
Brock Rooney & Associates offers Database translators for CADDS and Personal
Designer, DXF, IGES, and STL.
Booth 7 - Rasna
The Rasna booth will feature the MECHANICA family of shape and performance
optimization tools to enable mechanical engineers and designers to quickly and
accurately evaluate the structural, thermal, and mechanical performance of their
designs.
Booth 8 - CVselect
CVselect representatives will be present to discuss the many services offered to
our customers, including software and hardware telesales. In addition, we will be
distributing the brand new CVselect catalog for 1993.
Booth 9 - SELMA
The SILMA CimStation product family is 3D graphic software for the interactive
design, simulation, and programming of automated manufacturing systems.
Booth 11 • CV Customer Education
CV Customer Education invites you to stop by their booth and try out the new
computer-based learning course, "Fundamentals of Parametric Design". Also, pick
up the latest education catalogs and learn about our new ISO 9000 courses.
Booth 12 - Hewlett-Packard
Stop by the HP booth and see the graphic performance of CVpvs on the HP 735
workstation. HP also invites you to "test drive" their Series 700 workstations and
see the true meaning of Power.
Booth 13 • CGTech
VERICUT is a software program by CGTech that simulates the cutter motion and
the material removal process of an NC tool path. VERICUT verifies the quality
and correctness of the NC tool path. PrognuiuTiing errors or inefficient motion can
be detected during the simulation process, which aids the NC programmer in
correcting and improving the NC tool path.
Booth 14 - Digital Equipment Corp.
Digital will be demonstrating 2 Computervision product on its Alpha AXP line of
computers; Medusa on Alpha Open VMS with a DEC3000 workstation, and
Designview running on Alpha Windows/NT with a DECpc AXP/150. In addition,
Digital has a suite open during vendor fair hours where they will be demonstrating
CADDS5 running on a DEC OSF/1 on a DEC3000 workstation; please stop by the
booth for an invitation to see this demonstration.
Booth 15 - SICAM
The SICAM Corporation will show case CAD engineering services (mechanical
designs, new product development), and CAM rapid prototyping services.
Booth 17 - Sun Microsystems
Sun will be presenting the upgrade path to its latest graphics offerings, highlighting
the exciting new ZX graphics accelerator. The latest release of CADDS has been
designed to take advantage of Sun's spectacular new graphics products.
Booth 18-19 - John Steffen Associates
John Steffen Associates will be presenting the latest technology for the complete
CAD Solution by demonstrating MEDUSA Rev. 13, CADDS, Raster, Loading
Databases Solutions and Custom Software Development. Information will be
provided on Hardware and Software Installation and Maintenance, Education and
Technical Support.
Booth 21 • Indigo Graphic Systems
Come by and talk about the world's fastest plotter combined with the world's only
E-size duplicator. The 536-XL is both the fastest plotter and the only E-size
digital duplicator - faster than the fastest engineering copiers, yet every copy is an
original. It's ideal for high volume CAD environments and engineering
reproduction departments.
Booth 22 - Soft Designs, Inc.
SDI is a Value Added Reseller for Computervision's CADDS5 and Personal
Designer CAD/CAM Software. SDI will have two TATUNG workstations at the
booth with both CADDS5 and Personal Designer CAD/CAM software installed,
along with Rosetta Technologies' Pre VIEW software to allow access of CAD ~7
drawings, plot files, and compressed raster images through one user interface. -4
Booth 24 - CV ISS Worldwide Products
Our "Partners of Choice" for productive solutions include: ADRA Systems, Alpha
Tronix, CalComp, Epoch Systems, Exabyte, Formtek, Hewlett-Packard, KRB, Sun
Microsystems, Tektronix, Theorem, and Xerox Engineering Systems. Together
with these partners, CV ISS is providing solutions for Data Management, Image
Management, Peripheral Subsystems, and Data Translation.
Booth 25 - ADRA Systems
CV-CADRA is a new integration product which includes CADRA-LTJ Design
Drafting software, and CDT, a direct translator for converting CAD files from
CADRA-m to and from CADDS 4X and CADDS5 database formats.
Booth 26 • Mega Systems Integration, Inc.
Mega-Systems Integration, Inc. will demonstrate their proprietary pro CADDS
Part Inserter and Engineering ViewStation for MEDUSA, as well as a
CASCADE'S Medusa-Builder application for the AEC industry.
FOR AEC
Robert L. Norton
Product Manager, EDM
Computervision User Conference
Kansas City, MO
September 22,1993
Agenda
• S e r v i n g f h e N e e d s of the W o r k G r o u p
• N e w Work G r o u p P r o d u c t s f o r A E C
•sees
- EDMInf ormat ion and EDMControl
• R e v i e w of the E D M P r o d u c t Family
- EOMNavlgator, EDMVaun, EDMProJects, and
EDMProgrammlng
- Technical Document Management Syatem
- CVware Conferencing
• Questions and Answers
o*irri,kta IttlfcrCafMinlilia CiqtMla
Printed 9/16793
BIJLAGE 8
WORKGROUP
PRODUCTS
FOR AEC
|/
Concurrent Engineering = Work Groups
• Design Teams...
...of experienced specialists
• Pursuing Continuous Design Improvement...
...on multiple design problems
• Using All Available Information Resources...
...to re-use end extend existing designs
C p y r i » » t » m i br C M M U H I I I M C*r»»ratl«a
1/
The Work Group's Needs
Access to latest data
- In-process and released layouts, specifications, or
drawings
- Means to nuiew with team without traveling to a central
location
Easy-to-use Werfaces
- To selectively Identify and display design Information
- Display relationships among design elements
- Prepare bills of materials and where-used reports
Controlled change processes
- Verify and notify all affected by changes
- Access to date on project basis
Printed 9/16793
FOR AEC
How EDMInformation Works
ATTRIBUTE REPORT
CAPOS DATABASE
Part-level
attribute
quary
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by laajaad
attribute
ORACLE RDBMS
DRAWING DATABASE
EDMControl Organizes CADDS Parts
And Highlights Entity Changes
• Part Entitles Described By 3D-Zone and
Engineering Discipline
• Simplifies Display And Understanding of
Complex Design Projects
- Mask vlawa by attribute value
• Alerts Engineers to Design Changes In View
Part Assemblies
- Compares two part versions and displays additions,
modifications, and deletions
c « * r r l « M « tn> kr Ci—«i«r»t»l— C w p w » f
Printed 9/16793
WORKGROUP
PRODUCTS
FOR AEC
How EDMControl Works
"Project" REPORT
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Modular Work Group Products
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Printed 9/16793
FOR AEC
Products For The Work Group
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New Products For AEC Work Groups
• EDMInformatlon
• Faster Identification and retrieval, nf parts
« Records descriptions of CADDS entities
• Automates entry and editing of drawing notes
and labels
• EDMControl
• Allows comparisons between CADDS part
versions
• Supports design-by-zone methodologies
( W f i l k u IM1 aw CaavatmvUlaa Caj»ara«laa)
Printed 9/16793
WORK GROUP
PRODUCTS
FOR AEC
EDMInformation and EDMControI Concept
CADDS Part
Database
EDM Attribute
Database
EDMInformation Increases Value
of "Trapped" CADDS Design Data
• IHakes itpossible to retrieve existing CADDS
designs using specific engineering and
manufacturing characteristics
• Speeds drawing production by automating
placement of standard CADDS notes and
labels from a central database
• Automates creation of Part Lists and Bills of
Materials by extracting part description and
quantity data from CADDS part databases
Printed 9/16793
FOR AEC
Providing Access and Information With
EDMNavigator
• Product Structure Navigator for "Navigating"
Assembly Relationships
- Application launcher, Where-used highlighting of
component usage, and Parts-list and BOM report
generation
• EDMAxcess Graphical User Interface For
Designers, Engineers and System
Administrators
- Baaed on X-wlndows standard for support of any xterminal
• Integrated Into CAD/CAM/CAE Interfaces
C*r*rlfkt* lit) k* C « w « a n l > i M
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EDMVault Stores, Distributes and
Catalogs Product Information
• Controls Access to Data
- Prevents two designers from updating drawings at the
same time
• Distributes and Moves Data Where It's
Needed
- Transparently moves design data between dissimilar
computer eysteme
• Catalogs User-Definable Part and Drawing
Attributes
- Enter Information describing vendors, manufacturing
proceeeea snd group technology codes
CanrrlaM* M U kr c ™ m i » r » U t « « C H t r n t l«a
Printed 9/16793
WORK GROUP
PRODUCTS
FOR AEC
EDMVault Tracks Part Revisions and
Safeguards Corporate Databases
In-work
Released
• Tracks Part Revisions
- In-work and Released Version Tracking
• Safeguards Data With Automatic Tape Backup, Recovery and Archiving
- Safeguards data If disaster strikes
• Keeps Teams Informed With Reports and
Audit Logs
- Create project status reports and version summaries
Ccnrrlfkt* m j
k* C a a y t t n l i l a i C » c * » r « t l * a
1 /
EDMProjects Gives Project Engineers
The Tools To Manage Design Teams
• Graphical Tool for Creating Tasks and Review
Procedures
- Graphical uaer interface, tor creating, monitoring workflow* and review procedure*
• Built In Reports Highlight Design Review
Status
- Tracks drawings, file*, model* through design review
C k a v r W k t * 1**1 kr h w U n i i l N
C*tT*rati«a
MJI
Printed 9/16/93
FOR AEC
"Build Your Own" With Toolkit of
Features in EDMProgramming
• Programmatic Access to EDM Commands
- Link third-party applications to EDM operatlona ualng C
language routines like MRP and CAM/CAD
• Use Application Triggers To Accelerate
Procedures
- Create automatic file translations: e.g., convert drawlnga
from CAOAM to CADDS whan retrieved by a CADDS
operator
• Apply The Rules Processor To Force
Consistency
- Uae to capture rulea for consistent entry of attribute
Information
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BIJLAGE 7
SHEETS RWS
VOORDRACHT EUROPEAN USERS VIEWPOINT ON STEP
European users viewpoint
on S T E P
September 1993
Frans van Dam
Rijkswaterstaat
Peter Kuiper
TNO-Building and
Construction
Research
RWS takes care of:
• Infrastructure
" planning
- design & construction
- maintenance
Protection against the water
• sea
- rivers
Regulation of the water
~ quantity
' quality
TNO main types of activity
• policy studies
• research and development
• technical consultancy
• technological business consultancy
• strategic technological consultancy
Features of TNO
• turnover in 1991: ± NLG 734.3 million
» number of employees: 4.950
Contents
Introduction of Rijkswaterstaat and TNO
Why STEP
Developments in Europe
How to implement STEP
RWS annual expenditure
• employs 9000 people
• 2.5 billion US$ total
2.0 billion US$ roads & structures
• generates work in private sector
for 30,000 people
• 80 stations DIM III
70 stations MOSS
80 stations AutoCAD
The AEC-lndu»try
Characteristics of the
European AEC-lndustry
- a lot of small and medium size companies
- a strong specialisation in some fields
- even for simple building projects a lot of
different parties are involved
- no dominant party
- no integrated product offer (turn-key)
ATLAS PROJECT
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Situation 'as-is'
human I
activity L
I
human
computer
islands of automation
•for design and maintenance
• communication between disciplines
• communication between building partners
1
Situation to-be
0'
activity
computer
Need of data transfer
activity
product moctet
computer
Why S T E P
European developments
Problems
- no reliable data transfer between different
systems
- different systems needed for:
* different tasks
• different subcontractors with each their
own systems
- structures survive present applications
There are three important programmes:
Esprit
(1.5 billion ECU in 10 years)
Innovation programme for the
software vendors and the end-users.
Brite Euram
Innovation programme towards the
industry (more production related)
Eureka
More practical towards the industry
Examples of projects
Example* of projects
Building industry
General CAD/CAx projects
CADEX (Esprit-ll)
30 my
15 comp
40 my
PRODEX (Esprit-llI)
8 comp
data exchange between CAD-systems
and between CAD and CAx systems
all based upon STEP
COMBI (Esprit-lll)
35 my
Construction engineering and 6 comp
knowledge base approach
51 my
ATLAS (Esprit-lll)
6 comp
Germany. Spain, the Netherlands and
UK (6 partners)
fase 2
CIMSTEEL (Eureka)
- 400 my
Steel construction
- 8 countries
Examples of projects
Ship building
Neutrabas (Esprit II, finished in 1992)
30 my, 14 comp
MARITIME (Esprit III, started in 1992)
Norway, Sweden, Germany and the
Netherlands (total 7 partners) 44 my, 9 comp
close co-operation with NIDDESC USA
most important result:
several Application Protocols for the
ship design (as part of STEP)
ProSTEP
directed towards the automotive and
electronic industry
- BMW AG
- Daimler Benz AG
- GIDA mbh
• Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe
- Robert Bosch
- Siemens AG
- Universitat Karlsruhe
- Volkwagen AG / Audi AG
- TU Berlin
Membership: Industry, money and 2 men every year
Vendors, money and 0,5 men every year
T3J»
PDI/CALS Centres in Europe
ProSTEP: Germany
PDI/CALS Centre: the Netherlands
GOSET: France
CADDETC: UK
Examples outside Europe
PDES inc.: USA
Nippon STEP Centre: Japan
Step-by-step plan for PDI/ Civil Engineering
product model
levels of data exchange.
Why STEP
Possible solutions
Reliable low level standards eg 2DBS,
STEP part 201 for 2D drawings
Product models for product type:
- Road Model Kernel
- Viaduct
BIJLAGE 6
SHEETS CV
VOORDRACHT COMPUTER VISION AND PDES/STEP
S T E P Definition:
5»
• The Standard for the Exchange of Product Model
Data (STEP) is a neutral mechanism capable of
completely representing product data throughout
the life cycle of a product. ...the completeness of
this representation makes it suitable not only for
neutral file exchange, but also as a basis for
implementing and sharing databases and archiving.
ISO document
"STEP Parti: Overview and
Fundamental Principles:
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ISO Activities
Technical committee 184 Sub committee 4
Participating Countries
Australia
Hungary
Brazil
l Idly
Canada
Japan
Czechoslovakia
Netherlands
France
Norway
Germany
Poland
Sweden
United Kingdom
United States
Advantages
of P D E S
Compliance
• The World-Wide Industrial Community is rapidly
Accepting STEP.
• STEP Will Quickly become a Common "Neutral"
Data Representation for CAD/CAM
• Acceptance of a Standard Such as STEP is
Necessary to Achieving true Inter-Operability of
Applications.
• Information systems in the future will be
composed of "plug-compatible" applications
using standard data formats - STEP will be a
large part of those formats.
S T E P Implementation Levels
Level 1: Passive File Exchange
• ASCII or binary
• Application Independence
Level 2: Working Form
• Temporary data structure
• File exchange partial
• Software closely coupled to data structure
• Data structures have no knowledge of each other
Level 3: Shared Database
• Persistent data
• Creator and users share joint access
• Granular data management
Level 4: Knowledge based
Generic Product Data Model
• Resource models are a resource for applications
• Resource models are data/information models
• Resource models are versioned
• Integrated models are configuration and version
controlled collections of resource models
Resource Models'
Application Activity Model (AAM)l
Application Protocols!
HI
Model of application activities,
processes or transactions
Model of application data
usage and terminology
Application Interpreted Model (AIM)]
Mapping from the
underlying resource
models to the ARM
E
J i
Application Protocols
• Define the context and type of product data-supporting
a specific activity.
• Define the Application Resource Model (ARM), or type
of data required in the context nomenclature.
• Define the Application Interpreted Model (AIM) from
the ARM mapping the STEP data needed.
• Define test and conformance requirements.
Benefits of controlled product data
transfer
> Data transfer in a global manufacturing environment
• Data sharing between all applications used across
development and manufacturing
Data exchange with different trading partners, both
domestic and international
Data exchange within a corporation and between
both its suppliers and its customers
mm
C o m p u t e r v i s i o n ' s Commitment to S T E P
• Support for the standard definition process through
input to the relevant committees
• Implementation of the standards as they evolve;
this includes updates to existing applications, as
well as development of new products
• Selection of development partners who are
committed to the STEP standard
• Collaboration with these partners ensuring efficient
development activity
CV STEP Roadmap
• Phased development of CV translator technology
• Phase 0
• Planning and feasibility
• Detailed specification end plenning of STEP products
• Rationalization of current translators
• STEP "Proof of Concept' joint ventures between customers and
vendors
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C o m p u t e r v i s i o n ' s Commitment to S T E P
• Support for the standard definition process through
Input to the relevant committees
• Implementation of the standards as they evolve;
this includes updates to existing applications, as
well as development of new products
• Selection of development partners who are
committed to the STEP standard
• Collaboration with these partners ensuring efficient
development activity
1
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C V S T E P Technical Goals
• Common architecture for all data-translation and
transfer
• Grow current products to new architecture: IGES,
VDA-FS, VDA-IS...
• STEP
• Provide continuous, phased, flexible path to STEP
• Define scope of STEP within CV
• Coordinate and monitor activities centrally
• Direct translators are not the preferred solution
1
T,
S T E P Proof of C o n c e p t Initiatives
• PI-STEP (Process Industries STEP Consortium)
• Goal of initiative to demonstrate, educate and liase.
• Provide Information and mechanism to gather and collate user
requirements.
• Provide methods for benefit measurement
• Provide a working demonstrator.
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S T E P Proof of C o n c e p t Initiatives
• ProSTEP (German Automotive Companies)
• Purpose of initiative is for CADCAM vendors to present a demonstrator
to ProSTEP October.
• Demonstrator to provide pre and postprocessing of en ASCII file (PART
21) exchanging data of face-based-surface-models.
• Based on AP214 (Application Protocol for Automotive Design)
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• "AP777" (Aircraft and Aero Engine manufacturers)
• Joint development effort between m.jor eircreft m.nufecturer, key
aero engine suppliers end their respective CADCAM vendors.
• Driven by Boeing the three main goals are:• Exchange STEP product data between themselves and any of their
suppliers.
• Evaluate STEP and its ability to represent the product data used
and exchanged by Boeing, (not just geometry)
• Aquire technical knowledge to guide product data exchange.
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Summary
• S T E P Is consistent with C V s historical philosophy.
• CV Is pursuing an aggressive STEP development plan.
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BIJLAGE 5
ABSTRACT
VOORDRACHT CAD/CAM GOES TO SEA
J O H N R. L I N D G R E N , JR., W I L L I A M A . SOLTTARIO. A R N O L D P. M O O R E & M I C H E L A . STREEFF
Ingalls Shipbuilding,
Inc.
P . O . Box
149
P a s c a g o u l a , MS 3 9 5 6 8 - 0 1 4 9
(601)935-3394
FAX
(601)935-5991
CAD/CAM Goes to Sea:
the SA'AR-5 Design and Construction
T H E AUTHORS
John R. Lindgren, Jr. is vice president for engineering at Ingalls
Shipbuilding, Inc., a Division of Litton Industries in Pascagoula.
Miss. He joined Ingalls in 1958 and has held various positions in
the Engineering Division and participated in the design of numerous merchant ships, drill rigs, submarines and surface combatants
and auxiliary support ships. Mr. Lindgren is a 1958 graduate of
the University of Southwest Louisiana. His degree is in mechanical
engineering and he is also a licensed professional engineer.
William A. SoUtirio is the director of advanced technology at Ingalls Shipbuilding, Inc. in Pascagoula, Miss. He received his BS.
degree in chemical engineering from the City University of New
York and has 28 years experience in marine engineering and design. His current responsibilities include the direction of Ingalls'
IRAD programs and several Navy-funded R a\ D programs to improve ship's performance and reduce ship's operating costs. He is
a member of the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers
and past chairman of the Gulf Section East Area.
Arnold P. Moore is the director, design engineering at Ingalls
Shipbuilding where he is responsible for all new construction design and engineering activities. Prior to promotion to his current
position, Mr. Moore served as chief naval architect at Ingalls. He
has 24 years experience in ship design, construction and repair.
Mr. Moore holds the professional degree of ocean engineer as well
as a master's degree in naval architecture and marine engineering
from MIT. He also earned a bachelor's degree in naval science
from the US. Naval Academy and is a registered professional engineer. Mr. Moore served as an engineering duty officer in the
US. Navy and is currently a captain in the Naval Reserve. He is a
past chairman of the Gulf Section of the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers and a member of the American Society
of Naval Engineers and Sigma Xi.
Michel A. StrcifT is the manager of CAD/CAM applications at Ingalls Shipbuilding. Inc. His responsibilities include design, development, implementation and maintenance of scientific and manufacturing applications for Ingalls. Mr. Streiff received his BS. in
mathematics from Mississippi State University in 1966. He has
coauthored a paper regarding Digital Data Transfer of CAD data
on the Aegis Cruiser Program. His previous experience includes a
position with the Boeing Company as an associate research engi-
148
Naval Engineers Journal. May 1992
224
neer and he has also held various management positions with Ingails
Shipbuilding. Previous positions were section manager in business
applications organization and manager of applications planning,
where he developed strategic plans on the use of computer technology for ingalls Shipbuilding.
ABSTRACT
The SA'AR-5 Corvette Program is the first major warship
construction to be entirely accomplished using a 3-dimensionai.
interference checked computer based design.
This paper disamei the organization and approach used to
create the design models which form the basis for interference
checking as well as the source of extracted production data.
The design or product model is the nucleus of the computer
data base that defines the configuration of the entire ship. The
data base includes geometry, weight, and material, as well as
production control data. The ability of the computer to link
such diverse information is the key to maintaining configuration control during the course of the design and construction.
The ease with which formatted manufacturing data (both N.C.
fabrication and installation) can be extracted enables the
preparation of detailed pnckages containing the desired geometry as well as the atsorieted material and sequencing data, thus
assuring the producibility of the design. The SA'AR-5 design is
CAD/CAM's state of the art in US. shipbuilding.
rNTRODUCTION
T h e S A ' A R 5 Corvette Program is the first major warship
construction to be accomplished using a three-dimensionai.
interference-checked, computer-based design.
This paper discusses the organization and approach used
to create the design models thai form the basis for interference checking, as well as the source of extracted production
data. The design product model is the nucleus of the computer data base that defines the configuration of the entire
ship. The data base includes geometry, weight, and material,
as well as production control data. The ability of the computer to link such diverse information is the key to maintaining configuration control during the course of the design and
construction. The ease with which formatted manufacturing
CAD/CAM GOES T O SEA
UNDGREN/SOLITARlO/MOOREySTREIFF
Table I. SA'AR 5 principal characteristics.
i serrs
CC*4PUTER-ASSISTED S T R U C T U R A L D E S I G N A N D MANUFACTURE
1979
u»nj£uemiDAaTrrrwx2D0rUrTij« S Y S T E M
LENGTH O V E R A L L
UK3JENTED C A L M A X
LENGTH B E T W E E N PERPENDCIJLARS
1983
DESIGN SYSTEM
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1915-1986 EARLY INTEGRATED 3D MULTIOMf3PLINE DESIGN PfXXXJCTS
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LMO 1 L C A C PUMP R O O M A N O MACHINERY P A C X A G E S
DRAFT T O O E S I G N W A T E R U N E
12
M
1227 TONS
FUUv LOAD D I S P L A C E M E N T
30 KNOTS
O O G 51 C L A S S
SIXTEEN MAIN A N O A U X U A R Y MACHINERY S P A C E ASSEMBLIES
20 KNOTS
C R U S E S P E E D O N DIESELS
3500 NM AT 17 KNOTS
ENDURANCE
1990
M
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CO 65 CC64PUTER R O O M
1917-1966 L A R G E S C A L E INTEGRATED P R O J E C T
GREAT L A K E S C G 47 M O T - P L A N T
1988-1969
MM
CORVETTE DESIGN
FIRST COMPLETE SHIP OESIGN ON 30 CAOrCAM
S BLADES. 3 u
PROPELLERS
2 DIESELS ANO 1 GAS
PROPULSION
TURBINE CROSS-CONNECTED
Figure 1. Ingalls computer-aided design history.
data (both numerical control fabrication and installation) can
be extracted, enables the preparation of detailed packages
containing the graphical data, as well as the associated material and sequencing information, thus assuring the producibility of the design.
Figure 1 outlines the history of computer aided design
(CAD) at Ingalls. The progression from a basic 2D drafting
system, which significantly improved drafting productivity,
to a fully integrated 3D C A D / C A M system is evident.
The current system improves design and construction producuviry by producing an interference-free design and generating manufacturing data directly from the product model.
The SA'AR 5 combat system was designed to be equally
effective in countering subsurface, surface, and air threats.
Figure 2 identifies the combat system arrangements on an
outboard profile. The armament systems consist of:
8
2
8
1
2
2
6
The combat system engagement capabilities are depicted in
S A ' A R 5 CHARACTERISTICS A N D PERFORMANCE
The SA'AR 5 corvette is a state-of-the-art combatant designed to meet the requirements of the 90s and beyond. The
principal design objective was to maximize combat effectiveness while retaining a high degree of survivability. The
principal characteristics of this "pocket cruiser" are listed in
Table I. The CODOG propulsion system, consisting of two
3000 HP MTU cruise diesel engines and a 30.000 HP G E
LM2500 gas turbine geared to both shafts, enables cruising
speeds of 21 knots and a maximum speed in excess of 34
knots.
The propulsion plant monitoring and control system, a
portion of the ship monitoring and control system, is an
electronic based data multiplexing system. The data is routed on a shipwide data bus along with ship control.
^
plant control, and damage control signals. The use of redundant data paths and multifunction consoles ensures system
integrity over a wide range of operating scenarios. Five
monitoring and control consoles are distributed in the pi ot
house and machinery spaces. Four of the five are virtually
identical, allowing any monitoring and control functioni to
be performed from any console. Sophisticated, yet reliable,
system software includes control algorithms which provide
maximum system performance and control safeguards.
User-friendly menu-driven color displays include pushbutton control functions and pictorial displays of system configuration, such as valve status and operating parameters^
The ship monitoring and control system is representative of
the ship s overall design philosophy, which incliides the incorporation of state-of-the-art systems specifically engineered to provide maximum performance and survivability.
e
i
n
Barak Vertical Launch Units
Harpoon Launchers
Gabriel Launchers
76mm Gun or Phalanx CIWS
MK 32 Totpedo Tubes PIS
22mm Sea Vulcan Gading Guns
Rocket Launchers
c
225
Figure 3.
.
The onboard combat system is complemented by a helicopter capability which includes a hangar and support systems foTeither the HH65A Dauphin or SH-2F aircraft.
Night flight operations and IFR conditions are assisted by
fixed and portable landing control systems and a hydrauucally operated helicopter handling system.
The nerve centers of the combat system are its electronic
sensors and weapon control systems. These electronic systems can be subdivided as follows:
-
Command and Control
Navigation
Interior and Exterior Communications
Air and Surface Surveillance
Underwater Surveillance
Counterrneasures
Fire Control
The command and control system is the focal point for all
technically significant information collected throughout die
ship In an engagement situation, the command and control
system generates prioritized target/weapon solutions
The navigation and communicanon systems include a full
range of state-of-the-art systems designed to provide positional data and support the transmission and receipt of voice
and data message traffic.
Air and surface surveillance systems include:
-
Air Search Radar
Automatic Missile Detection Radar
Naval Engineers Journal. May 1992
14'
C A D / C A M GOES TO SEA
UNDGREN/SOLITARIO/MOORE/STRE]
Figure 2. Combat system arrangement,
-
Surface Search Radar
Navigation Radar
Identification Systems
Radar integration System
Opoonic Detection
Operator Display Consoles
the SA'AR 5 more than meets its principal design obleem
for performance and survivability.
DESIGN APPROACH
The optronic detection system consists of an infrared
surveillance assembly, infrared surveillance enclosure, infrared detection enclosure, and optronic processor.
The underwater surveillance system includes a hullmounted sonar, variable depth sonar, and a passive towed
array.
The counter-measure system includes:
-
Electronic Support Measures
Electronic Countermeasures
Chaff
-
Underwater Countermeasures
The fire control system includes:
- Barak Missile Fire Control System
- Gabriel Missile Fire Control System
- Harpoon Missile Fire Control System
- Gun Fire Control System. This system includes one
20mm Gose In Weapon System, two 25mm Sea Vulcan
guns to engage small close naval targets., two Lynx Target Designation Sights to control the 23mm guns, and
one unit to interface with die weapon control system
computers.
- Underwater Fire Control System
Reduced radar cross section and infrared signatures complement its formidable active systems, enhancing survivability in battle against modem airborne threats. In summary.
150
Naval Engineers Journal. May 1992
226
The S A ' A R 5 design plan utilizes a three-dimensior
C A D / C A M system as a tool to implement the Ingalls zo
design and construction strategy. This section will disci
the benefits of employing C A D / C A M , explain the zone t
sign and construction philosophy, and outline the organi:
tion of the product development team.
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Figure 3. Combat system engagement capabilities.
I J N D G i ^ N / S U U T A K i O / M U U K j ^ b 1 Kjzirb
C A D / C A M BENEFITS
A number of benefits have been realized from the use of a
three-dimensional C A D / C A M system. Some of these benefits were anticipated when the system was implemented;
others have emerged during the course of the design process:
-
Superior Interference Checking: This benefit was the
primary reason why a three-dimensional system was implemented. It has proven to be a very powerful tool and
is much more accurate than manual composite techniques. A three-dimensional CAD system can control
modeled objects at all points in space and detect and report interferences. Two-dimensional techniques can only
depict objects at selected planes, and subjective judgment must be utilized in the identification of interferences. Three-dimensional physical models represent all
points in the model space, but these models are extremely expensive to prepare, and human error is often introduced when drawings are prepared from these models.
-
-
Improved Production Work Packages: This benefit was
not foreseen, but it has proven to be a key element in die
design plan. Once a CAD model has been built and interference checked, construction drawings can be extracted in
the format that is the most cost efficient. The SA'AR 5
work packages have been prepared to support each of the
construction phases. Each of these packages contains only
the irifotTtianon and material needed to support that particular work operation. This concept frees the craftsman from
picking his work off of a large systenvonented drawing.
Separate packages are usually uieuaied for shop fabrication, assembly preoutmnng, and final outfit work. In addition, special packages are prepared to support operations
such as machinery packaging.
Computer Aided Manufacturing: Machines for steel and
aluminum plate cutting, sheetrnetal fabrication, and pipe
' bending are controlled from computer data bases maintained by Engineering. These data bases are prepared from
product models as an integral pan of the design process.
-
Increased Communication. Teamwork, and Productivity:
In process CAD designs are more accessible to other
members of the design team than are manual designs,
since the work of other individuals can be called up on
CAD terminals forreview.This feature, when combined
with a co-located team approach, fosters better communication and teamwork. Increased productivity is
achieved primarily through the elimination of redundant
work using model libraries for such items as background
arrangements, equipment models, and standard details.
-
Greater Customer Visibility: Using project review software. CAD models can be surfaced and used to present
the developing design to the customer. This technique
has proven useful both during design reviews and in the
resolution of technical issues.
ZONE DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION
Ingalls has utilized a modular construction strategy for
over twenty years. Using this technique, the ship is split into
a number of construction units called assemblies. The structural elements for each of these units are fined and welded.
227
and outfitting items and distributive systems such as piping,
ventilation, and wire ways are installed at the assembly level.
In the case of the SA'AR 5, assemblies will then be erected
and welded and systems finalized to form the completed ship.
The design strategy for the SA'AR 5 mirrors the construction strategy. The ship has been split into IS design
zones, each of which contains several construction assemblies. Figure 4 is a profile of the ship illustrating these design zones. Detail design is organized into three distinct
phases: functional design, zone design, and production design. These phases are discussed below:
-
Functional Design: A systems-oriented, total-ship approach is taken during functional design. During this
phase, basic engineering calculations are completed,
equipment selections are made, and schematic diagrams
are prepared for pipe, vent, and electrical systems. Longitudinal strength, superstructure air blast, and other
basic structural analyses are completed. Key space arrangements are determined.and weight budgets are allocated to systems and components.
-
Zone Design: During this phase, a three-dimensional
CAD product model is created for each design zone.
This product model contains ail elements of the ship: including main structure, equipment arrangement, piping
and ventilation systems, and hangers, wireways. waveguide, and foundations. This model is checked for interferences and all specification compliance.
-
Production Design: The design geometry is determined
during zone design. The purpose of production is to present the design to shipyard uafuiuen in the most usable
format possible. Separate shop fabrication and field installation work packages are prepared. Material allocation is a very important aspect of this design phase. Raw
material is allocated to shops with fabrication packages,
and completed shop sub-assemblies are allocated to preoutfitting and ourfining packages.
DESIGN TEAM ORGANIZATION
The SA'AR 5 design marked the first large-scale use of
concurrent engineering at Ingalls Shipbuilding. The product
development team included representatives from production
planning, production engineering, shipyard craft supervision, and material semiring, as well as engineers and designers. The participation of production personnel began during
functional design but intensified during the zone design
phase. During this period, any producibiiiry features that impacted the basic design configuration had to be identified
and incorporated into the developing C A D models. These
features included basic manufacturing breaks, system routing, and machinery package boundaries. During the production design phase all C A D models were routed to planning
for detailed definition of manufacturing units and for work
package billing. This was done prior to extraction of work
package* by Engineering so that these decisions could be reflected in the development of the work package. In addition.
C A D models were screened for material availability and
standardization prior to work package preparation.
The engineering team for the SA'AR 5 design consisted
of a matrix organization in which selected principal engiHavat Engagers Journal. May 1992
151
neers had responsibility for ship systems and technical
areas, and selected principal designers had responsibility for
design zones. Priricrpal engineers were assigned for fourteen
tedmical areas. Each of these engineers supervised a group
af other engineers who performed analyses and developed
systems within each of the teefmical areas. Principal engi(•eers also served as the primary customer
for technical matters. PrniCTpal designers, working under the supervision of C A D design supervisors, controlled the
development of the design within each design zone. These
principal designers took the lead role in resolving arrangement issues within their design zones. Design zones were illustrated in Figure 4. Areas of responsibility for principal
engineers are listed below:
Naval Architecture and Ship Signatures
Ship So-uctures
Weight Control
Outfit and Habnability
Noise. Shock, and Vibration
Main and Auxiliary Machinery
Deck Machinery
- . Piping Systems
Hearing, Venoianon. and Air Oxviitioning
-Ship and Machinery Control
Electrical Power and Ughbng
Cotniiiand, Coorroi. and Communications
Combat Systems
Vendor and Government Furnished Infctnianon
C A D / C A M LINKAGE
T H E PRODUCT MODEL CONCEPT
The key element in the plan for implementing C A D / C A M
technology is the product model. The product model is a
152
Navel Enoweera Journal. May 1992
diree-dimensional representation of the ship and all of
components that make up the ship's systems. Each eiem
is modeled as an object and ail of the attributes of the t
mem associated with it in the data base. Examples of si
attributes are properties such as weight, K G . material, spe
fication, etc (Product models are done at the level of det
that is considered appropriate by the design functio
Model merging can eventually result in a model that refle
the entire ship. Product models are entered into and m
aged by relational data base management software. The
tensive breadth of information in the product model d
base becomes the mechanism which allows integration w
other software systems that drive the processes.
It is important to recognize that the product model de
with "objects- such as valves, gas turbine engines, dec
lights—not just lines, arcs, or cylinders. An extensive ar
of 3D C A D modeling applications for ail disciplines of si
design has been developed. The assignment of a part nu
ber to an element provides a means through which intee
tion activities can be efficiently accomplished.
INTEGRATION APPROACH
Ingalls* automation approach has been to automate t
areas of highest return. Approximately ten years ago t
manufacturing and material functions were automated pri
to the start up of development of C A D 3D modeling car.
biliry. Systems for material reqturements planning (MRI
rtuuerial cataloging, pipe beading, and sheetmetal flat p;
tern development were already in place. Consequently, t
goal was to interface data extracted from the 3D models
these existing systems. On S A ' A R 5. the approach is to int
grate systems and organizations. Engineering 3D-mode
and interference checks the design. Materiel validates tl
material prior to transmissions to MRP. and Productic
4
I lNIXiRizJN/5UtaiAJXJ.U/mV-^f^->^'^-^
Planning assigns work authorizations to models and validates MRP input. The final step is for Engineering to extract
drawings and manufacturing data.
C A D / C A M HARDWARE
An important aspect of the system is the hardware integration and configuration. At Ingalls, c o n n ^ - a i d e d ^ u f a c turing (CAM) applications are processed on an LBM 3UW
host computer. The C A D applications are processed on
Hewlett Packard engineering workstations. Machine insrructions to drive the numerical control ( N O are stored on IBM
mimcomputers and personal computers. These computer systems have been networked to rrunimize manual intervention.
Figure 5 depicts the C A D / C A M hardware configuranon.
PWu
M
If M j CM
Figure 6. CAD/CAM interfi
AN EXAMPLE OF HARDWARE/SOFTWARE LINKAGE
A good example of electronic transfer is heating, vennianon
and air corKUtionmg (HVAC) system interfaces. An object is
modeled in 3D ship space on a C A D workstation. The geometric parameters and material attributes are extracted from
the 3D nwdel and transferred electronically to a Flat Pattern
Development (FPD) routine that resides in the LBM host computer. The LBM host develops the flat pattern for rnanufacturing and creates the ttiecinne's
to
a plasma
burning machine. Machine mstrucnons are transferred
tronically to a mmiconiputer located in the manuracntnng enIn
necessary shopfloorpaperwork is
ated in hard copy and sent to manufacturing. The machine
are
from the mirucornputer to trie ccniroller
of the burning machine by the machine operator entering the
desired part number. The pan is then cut.
uTStrucnons drive
vnonment. addition,
uTSTrucnons loaded
eleccre-
tural data. The 3D model* for structure is developed in
SPADES and transferred to CALMA. Penetrations trom
distributive systems (Pipe, HVAC. and kernel are
identified in CALMA and transmitted back to SPADES
to allow holes to be included in the numerical control
(NO aeasad pans image. Plate definition for miscellaneous foundation is transmitted back to SPADES for inclusion in the NC nested pans image.
Material Catalog;—A replica of Ingalls' host based Material Catalog is maintained on the CAD system:
HP/APOLLO hardware under ORACLE relational data
base system. The catalog is updated on line on the CAD
system and transactions are transferred to the LBM host
for catalog update. The catalog is utilized by CAD to
validate legal pan numbers and to obtain descriptive
data It laajad on the drawing pans list.
C A D SYSTEM INTERFACES HIGH LEVEL DEFINITION
Material Requirements Planning (MRP>—Material remuremems at the model level are uaiisiinrtrrl to the MRP
system after being validated by Material Sourcmg^Proi planning scopes the modeL assigning geometric
t to work auihuiLUOoru that fabricate and/or uv
op, ^kiimiiH. Material rcquueiuciiti are then uausmitted to the MRP at the ntodd/work auihornaiion leveL
Figure 6 shows the C A D system and the level of integration, both accomplished and planned. A brief explanation of
the interface follows:
1 SPADES—The SPADES (Ship Production and Design
Engineering System) is the central repository of struc-
4. Pipe Fabrobtat—The g e ^
--j aaejedej r r " '
*"* '^T^T^^^ **^ the Pipe Bend
Sysem where ptoducibil^^
rcyprrf^—i and ihrjpfkxytnstrontnra are created.
T
M
n
T
W
4| , n
5. HVAC Fabrication—The geometric definition of sheetmetal pans, along with the material requirements, are
tnuumiaed to the HVAC Irabneatic* system that performsflatpattern devetopnient. creates machm^
tions to create the part, and provides the necessary shop
Hoor comrol instructions.
6. Technical Pubtonotts-CALMA-crea^ drawings are
I to Interleaf format and are transmitted to the
Publishing System (EPS) for creation of technical i
;
7
Figure 5. CAD/CAM hardware.
Integrated Logistic Support (D"-S}—This interface selects items worthy of logistic analysis and establishes
the initial requirements in the ELS system.
NavWEneneers Journal. May 1992
229
1
Ui^LAjKJii</ao*-i i AiuU/MOUKivS 1 Kfcj
8. Weight Control—As the CAD design is released, weight
and CG actuals are sent to the Weight Analysis System
(WAS) for reporting of budgeted versus actual weight.
9. MSC NASTRAN—The structural model is interfaced to
MSC NASTRAN for stress and shock/vibration analysis.
10. Pipe Stress and Flow—Inputs to AAA Technologies
TRIPLEX, used for pipe stress, and AAA Pipe Net used
for flow, is extracted from the CAD model and transmitted to these two analysis applications.
PROJECT REVIEW CAPABOJTY
Among the more significant capabilities made available
through the implementation of software technologies is the
Project Review process. Engineers, planners, and craftsmen
have historically used derail design drawings to define arrangements and installation procedures. Optimum workability was determined through the experienced visual interpretation of these documents, andrequireda mental conversion
of these two-dimensional images into three-dimensional
representations as they actually appear on board ship. The
Project Review capability involves both dedicated hardware
in the form of a workstation integrated into the C A D / C A M
communications ring, and software that extracts product
model geometry data. These data are rendered into colored
and shaded images from the actual design product model
and are used to ensure correct and optimum planning of ship
construction. (Figure. 7)
Concurrent engineering is a term becoming more often
heard as a means of achieving higher quality designs and more
efficient manufacturing. Ingalls Shipbuilding is actually and
actively employing this technique by co-locating planning and
production personnel with the product designer throughout the
design process. This merging of craftsmen and designers from
the outset of a program is done with a single goal in mindmaxuTuze produdbiiiry. The principal tool used to achieve t
goal is the Project Review Terminal (PRT).
This terminal is a workstation configured to support
creation of a realistic graphic depiction of design wire-fra
models. These colored and shaded images reflect the mo
as it appears to the craftsmen. It is capable of being
viewed from any angle or from any distance. It can be
verted from its design orientation to depict in full detail hi
it may appear in specific stages of the construction proce
A "blanking" feature allows different systems which s
eventually co-located in a common compartment or space
be optionally shown or deleted. As an example, pipir
which may be installed prior to ducting may be shown wi
out the confusion of showing the duct images that will t
be present to the craftsman. In this case, the duct is said
be "blanked." Later, when the craftsman is installing t
duct, all of the data will be visually available for revie
These kinds of features improve routing of distributed s\
(ems design and installation. The equivalent of a "wa
through" the design can even be created and all aspects oi
given area reviewed to whatever degree of detail is appr
priate (Figures 8 & 9). Modifications and improvements c
be defined and evaluated at the terminal and can be quick
incorporated into the design product model.
The Project Review Methodology usage continues to e
pand. Terminals are being installed throughout the manufa
turing areas for quicker access to craftsmen and manag
ment. Terminals are being acquired to accurately acce
progress, better understand design problems, and come
better and more complete solutions. This has proven that ti
PRT and the improved communication links that it has pr
vided is one of the most valuable tools in the Ingalls' tec*
nology toolkit.
FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS
The paper thus far has addressed the application
C A D / C A M to the S A ' A R 5 design and construction. Th
section looks to the future and the inevitable integration
computer-aided engineering (CAE) to an operative ar
complete C A D / C A M system. The emphasis placed on tl
manufacturing end of the C A E / C A D / C A M spectrum w;
dictated by the obvious pay-back associated with ship co
strucnon. Our objective in the next few years is to eiihani
the linkage of C A E within the system in order to achieve e:
gineenng economies as well as a superior product.
Figure 7. SA'AR 5 machinery space.
154
Naval Engineers Journal. May 1992
In piping design, our intent is to initiate the produ
model data base in the engineering phase, performing pi;
stress and flow analysis on schematic layouts and inrrodu
ing material control early in the engineering/design proces
Stress and flow analysis will be refined as the design pn
grosses within the constraints imposed by the engineer.
In the area of structural design, the early model deveiot
ment will be interfaced to MSC NASTRAN as required ft
stress and shock/vibration analysis. The development, ana
ysis. and correction of structural elements of the same pro
uct model used to generate manufacturing aids will signif
cantly reduce design time. It also ensures a produi
relatively free of normal transport errors associated with tf
LJNTX5R£N/SOU
rAKlU/MUVJIU^O 4 tUiirr
Figure 9. SA'AR 5 passageway.
Flgure 8. SA'AR 5
mampuiarion of models in off-line hardware and software
^ T u r i r d example of future C A E linkage is ship weight
momtoring and control. Associativity is the ^ < W ^ t °
characteristics tied to discrete elements of a product model.
One obvious characteristic is unit weight which, when combined with unit location, provides all of the information required for a design weight analysis. The design
stability calculations can be performed by linking the product model with the weight analysis system, thereby eliminating manual loading of the system from detailed design
druwincs
As previously discussed, me ability to inspect and manipulate a shaded model of the design zone has added a new dimension to production planning. The sequencing( and^actual
installation of distributed systems, for exantple^anoe
planned and practiced on the
partment models contain everything modeled by the designers in their exact locations. This exact «presentanon of the
delivered ship, along with its associated data base, can be
used by the customer for any number of applications, ranging from material ioentification to damage control trauung^
Although no one can predict the exact course of future
developments, the remarkable ^
,
biliry foreshadows a future with real-tune tours through
Product models and industrial " W ^ J - *
virtual reality; the ability to not only enter the model but
touch and change it in real time.
m
SJ?Xp
SUMMARY
This paper describes the evolution of C A D / C A M technology at Ingalls Shipbuilding, culminating in the first complete C A D design of a surface warship.
The use of connwters to aid the design and manufacture
of a ship is not new. What excites the ship designer about
today's technology is the enormous power of the relatively
^expensive hardware and efficient software. There is no
limit to the possible applications of this technology to ship
design and life cycle support. We realize that we have only
begun to exploit the available capabilities. For once, we are
not watting for a new breakthrough to accomplish our goal.
We need only to apply what's available and manage that apPh
Tteauthors are proud of their contribution to the industry's first step and we hope to continue shaping us inevitable growth.
REFERENCES
lindgren. JJL Jr.. -Application of Computer Techniques for
the Cotistrnction of a 1000-Ft Great Lakes Ore Carrier.
Marine Technology. January 1972.
^
Moore. AJ?., "CAD/CAM in a Modem Shipyard. Marine
[21
Computers So.17 April 1986.
[3] McConnelL F.L. and Hays. B.N.. The Successful Implementation of Structural CAD/CAM in a Small Shipyard.
[11
Marine Tedatotogy.lW-
CAD/CAM Network for Work Packaging Development and
Database Management," Marine Technology, May 1989.
[51 Ayen, RjTcaUahan. PJ.. Katsel, B.. "Applicauon ofa
General Pmpose CAD System in the DDG-51 Design Process." Naval Engineers Journal. May 1988.
Gallagher. CJ. Jt» The SA'AR 5 Corvette," American Soratry
[61 of Naval Enssneen Symposium Transacnotis. September 1990.
S o l u a n o T T Z "The Evolution of CAD/CAM at Ingalls
[71 Shipbuuxhng." paper given at MarineG^ters 91 Symposium, Burlington. MA. 26 September 1991.
©
-
Navel Enemeeni Journal. May 1992
231
.,„_„,
[41 O'Hare, M.S. and Anderson, M.F.. "An Integrated
155
BIJLAGE 4
SHEETS CV
VOORDRACHT CVAEC ROADMAP 1993/1994
BIJLAGE A
C V a e c R O A D M A P 1993/4
At Ha*
15th Saptambar 1993
CVaac Roadmap 1993/94
talis
mV
C V a e c Strategy
•
Ensure that our current customers enjoy
improved benefits and productivity from
their use of existing C V products
• Grow C V ' s share of the A E C market
• Work in partnership with our customers to
develop new products which make them
and C V s u c c e s s f u l
•
Enable our customers to move with us to
the next generation of products, as they
become available
M. HaM 15th Septambar 1993
CVaae Roattnap 1993m
2ot is
C V a e c Deliverables
• C V p v s 2.0 (planned delivery Q4 '93)
- A d v a n c e d lighting (spot and point
lights)
- Three new camera traversal
methods
- A d v a n c e d material editor
- Shadow casting
M. HaK
15th Saptambar 1993
CVaac Roadmap 1993/94
11 one
C V a e c Deliverables
• C V p v s 2.0 (planned delivery Q4 '93)
cont'd.
M HaU
-
Radiosity and Ray Tracing
-
New c o m m a n d line arguments
-
Multi-file processing
15th Saptambar 1993
CVaac Roadmap 1993&4
120116
C V a e c Deliverables
• C V p v s 2.1 (planned delivery Q4'93)
-
Solaris Z X support
-
Evans and Sutherland Freedom
support
• C V p v s 3.0 (planned delivery Q2 '94)
M. Hat
-
Project Database S Q L interface
-
Project plan viewing
15th Saptambar 1993
CVaac Roadmap 1993m
13
one
1/
AEC Business Unit
COMI
CVaec E n g i n e |
O Object Model
O 3D A E C Modelling
O Catalogs and Libraries
O Interference Checking Engine
O Design Rules Checking
O Generic Database Query and Reporting
O Application Development Toolkit
ow m wi7/n
A E C Business Unit
PPM/DIMENSION III Release Summary \
Q1.93
Q1.94
DOM/DIMENSION III
Release 9.0
HP/Apollo & VAX VMS
DOM/DIMENSION III
Release 9.3
HP/Apollo & VAX VMS
Maintenance
C V a e c DIMENSION III Release S u m m a r y !
Q.2,93
CVaec DIMENSION III
Release 9.1
HP-UX
New GUI
Q2.94
CVaec DIMENSION III
Release 10.0
HP-UX
Alpha
Enhancements
John P^ajreofis)
DM •
V17/U
A E C Business Unit
CVaec DIMENSION III Release 101
Planned Enhancements Cont.
O ' C Interface for Expert Systems
Support
-
Safety Analysis tied to P&ID
O Improvements to EDM Interface
-
Add Support for New GUI
O Isogen Upgrade
O IFC Conflict Re-Classification
JofW PtfMM
OM M 1/17*1
A E C Business Unit
CVaec DIMENSION III Release 101
Planned Enhancements Cont.
O Further Enhancements to GUI
-
Labeling and Dimensioning
-
Allow for Access and Modify Tables and
Filters
O Parametric Component Modeler Enhancements
-
Improve Catalog Systems to allow access
from all Applications
-
Component Dimensional Modification
-
Z-Clip Support
-
Complete Piping Functions
DM •
H7.11
AEC Business Unit
I
CVaec DIMENSION III
Release 10 Planned Enhancements
O Port to DEC Alpha
-
O/S Under Investigation
O Increase Viewfile Size
O DacDisk Improvements
-
Dynamic Allocation
Increase Size
John Pcrvofw
OM m tnrm
CQMPLJ I • H V H T J N
AEC Business Unit
DDM/DIMENSION III Release 9.3
O Maintenance Rel. for HP/Apollo Domain O/S
and VAX VMS Workstations
O Release will contain all the latest major bug fixes
John PvnofW
OM U
I XI 7*1
AEC Business Unit
CVaec DIMENSION III Release 9.1
Software Technology Transfer
O New CV Base Product Packaging:
-
Increase Base Functionality
-
Software Library Management
-
Reduction in Yearly Maintenance Costs
-
Easier to Configure and Buy
-
New Graphical User Interface
-
Increased Performance
-
Bi-Directional Model Transfer, 9.0 & 9.1
AEC Business Unit
CVaec DIMENSION III Release 9.1 Q2 1993
O New Graphical User Interface
O Motif Style Menus, Pull-Downs and ICONS
O Core and Applications
O Interfaced with DAL
O Customization Guide
O Peripherals
-
HP Digitizer Tablet
-
Calcomp Large Bed Digitizer
-
HP Laserjet III
-
HPGL2, Calcomp 907 Plotter Formats
John PsjhMiM
DIM m ftir/n
E7
AEC Business Unit
C O M P U T MR
CVaec DIMENSION III 2 year Release Plan|
FCS
Rel
Contents
Platform Support Current Status
Jan 93
9.0
Enhancements
Digital VAX
HP/Apollo
Shipping
July 93 9.1
Port + GUI
HP-UX
Shipping
Q1/94
9.3
Maintenance Only Digital VAX
HP/Apollo
Planned
Q2/94
10.0
Port to Alpha
GUI + other
Enhancements
Digital Alpha
HP-UX
Planned
Q2/95
11.0
Enhancements
Digital Alpha
HP-UX
Planned
Jotm P H W M
DM • W17lta
BIJLAGE 3
SHEETS CV
VOORDRACHT OPEN ENGINEERING DATA MANAGEMENT
CAD/CAE FOR PLANT DESIGN,
MARINE & ACE
CVaec Business Group
COM
P U T E R VISION
Open
EDM/Cad/Cae
for
Plant Design, Marine & A C E
COMHUTfcHVISION HfcSIHICrtO
S7
COM
CVaec Business Group
P U T R VISION
1992 Market Share in A E C (worldwide)!
(Based on Software Product Revenue)
Plant Design and Shipbuilding ($166M)
Infrastructure (S153M)
7.37%
7 37%
8.00%
16.84%
6.50%
40.00%
12.63%
19.00%
3789%
2.50%
8.42%
2400%
•
•
• CV
• AuioOesK • o Q Other
• POMS • KCS
• Fujitsu B BM
COMPU1 ENVISION NfcSIHICItu
Slirt* Numb*r 2
|] AuioOesK • IG
CV
Fujitsu y Nemetschek
Q Other
cv»»c
m u
S7
CVaec Business Group
C O M P U T E R VISION
• _
What an AEC Customer Values)
1. Cost of documents (quality,engineering cost)
2. Security, Environment and Fiduciary Exposure require legacy's
data protection between owner/operators, contractors and
subcontractors
3. Ability to capture and leverage expertise (process vs projects)
4. Schedule compression:
- Time to market (construction's cost, windows of opportunities)
- Cost of borrowed money
"Digital product data exchange is the key to leadership in 21st century
[engineering].
to work for all of us
The skill and vision with which we, together, put this technology
will largely determine our success in the unprecedented
economic
transitions
sweeping around the globe."
Robert M. White
Technology
Under Secretary for
U.S. Department of Commerce
COMPU TEH VISION HESTHIC TED
Slide Nurno*T 6
S7
CVaec Business Group
C O M PUTTER VISION
Process Plant Information Flowjj
Permanent Project Information Repository
3rd Party Applications
Administration
Scheduling
Material Control
Training/
Start-up
)p« rations
•
Malnt.
Feasibility Study
Plant 0 salon
(Detail 3D)
I
Process Flov
Diagram
Process
Simulators
Aspen
SSI
Chem share
Pi ID
Equlpm.n
Section
Preliminary
L»you1
(20/10)
Construe Iter
Does). (2D)
Piping
Structural
Electric**Controls
HVAC
Architecture
Existing
Drawing
(Raster)
Site Invest.
I
f^. Civil Site
5
AT
t
E
Salety A Regulation Reviews
Compliance (Raster)
Suppliers / Subcontractors
Requlremerrls'(<1yr)
COMPUTERVISION RESTRICTED
Design / Construction (t -10 yrs)
Sim. NumMr 7
Operation / Decommissioning (20-50 yrs)
E7
CVaec Business Group
C O M P L f T E R V I B I D N
Cost-Influence Curve]
Ability to Influence Cost
High
Conceptual
Planning
\ Design
Procurement
!,,,
Start-Up"'"? ^
<
Maintenance
Low
Start
COMPOTEHVISION
Complete
Time
Slid* N U I M a
RESTRICTED
CVaec Business Group
C O M P U T E B VISION
Shipbuilding Information Row)
Document Control & Product Life Management
Scheduling (3rd Party)
f Ship \ - w
I Own«
Oulflttlng Design (3D)
CV Lssdsrshlp
Ship
Definition
(Form)
CVnurbe
NAPA
BMT
Structural Frame
Piping
PIMM
Electrical/Controls
Architecture
HVAC
Construction
Oocumonta
(20)
Training
Fabrication
t
Assembly
NC,
Robotics,
Flame
Cutting,
Welding
Hull Design
Noting
3rd Party
CVnurbs
KCS
Proprietary
I
Material Control
MARS
Subcontractors/
Equipment Supplier*
otlwa
coMPUifcHvisioN HEsrwcrcD
Slid* Number 9
J
Commie*
atoning
Ope ration a
Maintenance
&
Repair
K7
CVaec Business Group
COM PLTTER VISION
Infrastructure Projects Information Flow|
Detail Engineering:
Transportation
Road Design
Airports
Transit
Drainage
Alternatives
Investigation
Project
Definition
Const.
Drawings
& Bid
Docs
(2D)
As Built
Drawings
Maint.
Database
(2D)
(Raster)
Survey
(2D & 3D)
Structures & Utilities
Tunnels
Bridges
Lighting
Buildings
(CV)
I
Site
Investigation
Terrain
Model
30
Environmenta
Reviews
(Public)
Environmental
Water/
Wastewater Plants
Ground Water
Dams
Landscaping
(CV)
Frequently Requires
Speciality 3rd Party Applications
COMPUTERVISION HEStHIClEl)
Slid* Numbvr 10
K/
CViec
1993.1
CVaec Business Group
COMPUTER VISION
AEC Competition|
Typical
Vendors
High-End
Mid
Low-End
COMPUTER VISION HESTN1CTEO
Characteristics of Products
Cad Center
(PDMS)
Very large project models (DB),
Interference Checking, Piping
"Database approach"
IG
Owner/operator satisfaction
Large portfolio of applications
Managing data/raster
AutoDesk
(AutoCAD)
Slid* Number 11
Low cost for drawings
Defacto standard for AEC
3rd party applications
CVaec IWM
t /
CVaec Business
Group
1993 AEC Opportunities-Competitors Weaknesses
No competitor has real technology leadership
•
Intergraph has difficult Clipper transition and overall
business weakness
AutoCAD/PC business entering transition phase
Cost of internal proprietary solution
Major drop out from competitors (CADAM, Applicon, Catla,
Autotrol, PASCE)
Owner/Operator relationship not satisfied by Proprietary
Solutions i.e. Autocad, Microstation
oammmmmm mittens
K /
CVaec Business
Group
11993 AEC Opportunities -CV Strength)
•
CVaec for Dimension III on HP-UX
•
CVaec for Cadds 5 on SUN/HP/DEC
•
CVaec for MPDS (Design in Solids) on SUN/HP/DEC
•
EDM robustness
•
New Drafting development (and P&ID)
•
New Isometrics In Cadds
•
CVpvs success
•
New AEC specific packaging priced to market
•
Leadership in shipbuilding/offshore
•
Ability to be full service provider - worldwide
CV*M
IfM-l
K /
CVaec Business
Group
1993 AEC Opportunities - CV Strength (cont'd) |
NSTB grant
India development center : CVI
Singapore developments
Alliances with market leaders
Leverage STEP initiatives by the company and partners
Third party recruitment
Transition from proprietary document manager
Owner/Operator program with New PC Drafting introduction
Transition of the Computer Industry i.e. Windows NT
aN>-uTfjtvmoN
mwmano
M
CVaec Business
Group
Business Strategy-" A Virtual Company"!
•
Multi-level development implementation:
Core, Applications, Industry Specific Applications
•
Exhaust the current technology and Phased re-deployment of
resources of existing products in India and Singapore
•
Create an identity of successful partnerships based on various
segment/geographies of the market:
Three Alliance centers (USA, EMEA, GIA)
•
Protect and transition all legacy data in a STEP environment
•
Be the most open AEC Cad/Cae solution, but maintain our
competitive advantage by a pragmatic/efficient implementation
eatm/mnmom
MaxMcrao
amwkni
CVaM
tWJ-i
CVaec Business Group
COMPUTERVlSiaN
.
A E C Customers Protection |
•
Introduction of CVaec for Dimension III on HP/UX rev9.1
•
Introduction of CVaec for CADDS on Sun, HP, DEC C5 rev4 & rev4.1
•
Introduction of CVaec for MPDS on Sun, HP, DEC Med rev12.2
•
Maintenance Enhancements
•
Productivity and Performance Enhancements
•
Common new Products (ie: Design++, Formtek, CVpvs, EDM, CVp&id,...)
•
Data Protections via STEP
•
Similar Userware
•
Plan of CVaec for Dimension III on Alpha rev10
•
Plan of CVaec for CADDS5 on Alpha, SGI rev5
•
more...
COMPUTERVISION
flESTHICTEQ
S
h
d
*
1
t
t
CVaec Business Group
COMPUTER VISION
C V a e c
Organization:
a F o c u s e d Industry A p p r o a c h |
Geography
Dedicated
Team
ISS.Sales,
Partnership
Centers
AEC customers base
Partner
VAR
Distributor
Installed base
Competition
Institution
STEP Initiatives
AEC r&d
CVI
COMPUTERVISION
RESTRICTED
s u a . N u m M r 17
cv»« mu
CVaec Business Group
COM
P U T E P , VISION
Alliance Centers)
EMEA
Harston
Step Commitment
COMPUTERVISION RESTRICTED
Slid. Numbw
19
CVaac
1993-1
K7
CVaec Business Group
CDMPUTEPViSiaN
Product
Models |
Data Transfer:
- Other Systems
• Analysis
Database:
- BUI of Materials
- Catalogues
> Specifications
Conceptual:
- Hypermedia
• Knowledge
Based Systems
Graphics:
3D Models |
Drawings
Raster
A product model may be viewed from different viewpoints
COMPUlEHVtStON
Slide N u m b e r 20
HfcSTHlCILJ
K7
CVaec Business Group
CdM PUTERVIQION
CVaec
Framework
other developments
•0 f . 1'i
llf^itjlil
Database
Shipbuilding
User Interface
others
1 *^ * 'st''' ^^j^^
commodities
Geometry
Graphics
CV'Core
COMPUTEHVISION
HfcSiHICrED
Slide Nvrttbttr 21
CVeoc
IttS-l
CVaec Business Group
COMPUTER VISION
C V a e c Will Offer C o e x i s t e n c e
B
B e t w e e n T o d a y ' s Very P r o d u c t i v e
C V P r o d u c t s a n d T h e Future
C u s t o m e r s C a n W i t n e s s T h i s with
j
O u r First C V a e c P r o d u c t s :
C V p v s , C V P&ID a n d C V a e c E n g i n e «
C O M P U T E R VISION R E 3 F H 1 C T E Q
S l i d * N u m M r 22
CVaec
1WJ-I
CVaec Business Group
COMPUTER VISION
CVaec Product Offerings!
•fcSIEP
iDMvauIt
EDMcontrol
EDMproject
EDMinfo
EDMprogramming
COMPUIfcRVISION
RESTRICTED
S l i d * N t i m o t f 23
(ED1WPM)
CVaec Business Group
COMPUTERVISION
COMPUTERVISION RESTRICTED
S l i d * N u m M T 25
CV««C
1993-1
BIJLAGE 2
SHEETS CV
VOORDRACHT TRENDS IN DE ENGINEERING,
MARKTAANDEEL CV
D I J L A O C
V
COMPUTERVISION
CORPORATION'S
STRATEGY
RCPUCKCMOMl p.1
CompuUrvMaon ConMonaal
s/_
The Computervision Vision
To be the partner of choice for the
most important thing our customers
do... product development
Conputwvtaioft ConlrtintW
R£JHKKCMO*VU p 2
Z
CV's Customer Commitment
To help customers gain a time-tomarket advantage by continuously
improving the productivity of their
people, processes and technologies.
Comput»rvi*ton Confidential
RCPUCKCM09V13 p.3
§7
Overview:
The Manufacturing
Business E n v i r o n m e n t
Connputwvifion CoohMnul
MPUCKCMOM1 p 4
Manufacturing Business Drivers
The Trend :
• 1960's
—
to lower c o s t s
• 1970's
—
to i m p r o v e quality
• 1980's
—
to c a p t u r e market n i c h e s
• 1990's
—
to win with time-based competition
REPUCKCMOWN P 5
Con*>u«rvtiKXi C o n M w K M
§7
A Changing Manufacturing Environment
/
Old Paradigm:
Increased profitability willflowfrom
increased product revenue
\
Z
* Rising costs c a n n o longer be p a s s e d to
customers
* D e m a n d is d o w n for m o s t g o o d s a n d s e r v i c e s
* Local markets are n o longer protected
CoovwUrvniofl ConManul
REPUCKCMOMU p e
New Values
• Leverage your (value-added)
core
competencies
— Understand customer needs
— Design to meet customer needs
— Control the image through branding and merchandising
(positioning)
• O u t - s o u r c e the rest u s i n g the e x t e n d e d
• Think
enterprise
globally
— Sell, source, design and partner globally
RCPUCKCMOMl p.7
Cornputtfwwon Con Mono*
A New Way of Doing Business
/
\
New Paradigm:
Increased profitability lies in enhancing
the product development process
\
/
• Reducing "Time To
* Improving
9
ComputMvnion ConMantial
Increasing
product
Market"
"quality"
productivity
RCPUCKCMOMl p i
mV
COMPUTBIVWaN
Success R e q u i r e s
B e i n g Better
T h a n the C o m p e t i t i o n
REPUCKCM09/93 p 9
Computervision Confidential
The Importance of Time-Based
Competition
Profit
Accumulated
Over
Life Cycle
1 0
0
10
20
-30
-40
50
Computervision Confidential
1
1
Market introduction 6 months late 50% Cost over-run in development
Source McKinsey & C o
REPUCKCMOS/93 p. 10
MCAD Market Characteristics
CAD/CAE/CAM Software
$2 Billion
Source: Dataquest Inc
Source. International Data Corp
REPUCKCM09/93 p 12
Computervision Confidential
$1 Billion Spent by Aerospace and
Automotive Industries
Major
Manufacturer
• L a r g e , c o m p l e x projects
• Long development cycles
• High d e v e l o p m e n t c o s t s
Partners
• Vertically integrated
supply chain
Suppliers
Computervision Confidential
REPUCKCM09/93 p.13
$1 Billion Spent by General
Mechanical Industry
•
Major
Manufacturei
* Diverse products
9
9
F e w to m a n y
9
parts
\J
(r
v
1
Short to long
development
Major
Manufacturer
cycles
Expanding u s e of
supplier chain
Compulwvwan CanlhMnlid
/
Partners
/
>
I
>
Suppliers
REPUCKCMOM3 p.14
AEC Market Characteristics
$500 Million Spent on CAD Software
* Concern about environmental,
legal, and security exposure
9
9
9
Owner/
Operator
Very large, vertically integrated
design and construction staffs and
supply chains
Engineering
Contractor/
Shipbuilder
Multiple sources for data and
issues of quality control
Suppliers
Very long project life
RCPUCKCMOMl p.1»
CofflDutarvwon Contd«n»«l
c/
Almost All Companies Want to Shrink
T T M and Increase Productivity
Time to
Market
An auto
company.
Best Today
1996 Goal
3 years
1 year
Vision
Engine in
a day
Cofflpuiwvuion ConMansal
RCPUCKCMOMl p. 16
Some Companies Want to Increase
Customization and Quality
Ability
to Customize
A major aircraft
engine maker...
Best Today
1
2
,
o
1996 Goal
t
5
,
o
t
Vision
Batch size
of one
Batch sizes
A major plant
engineering Arm
3
A subMultlpla
*y»temln
two days
s
u
b
<
y
8
t
0
m
9
plant Ufa
cycle
RCPUCKCMOMl p.17
ComputatviKoo ConMenMI
CV's Strategic Approach
* Attack the entire p r o c e s s c h a i n
*
E n a b l e total p r o d u c t
* S u p p o r t the extended
9
modeling
enterprise
Partner with customers, understand
process
their
chain
REPUCKCMOM3 p 11
Compuwrvmon Confidential
WJ
CV's Strategic Approach
Attack the entire process chain
Engineering Data Management (EDM)
I
Unified Geometry System
r i — —i
Concept
=i
U
<
>.
v
Design
(
sj
Analysis
S
=3
Drafting
i
—
sj
/
Manufacturing
L.
si
REPUCKCMOM3 p 1»
CompuUfvnian ConMandal
CV's Strategic Approach
Enable total product modeling
Segmented Component-Level Approach
A
IX.
CV's Total Product Approach
A\
fV
M O M ] p 20
Computwvnton ConMtfltai
7
Cr
CV's Strategic Approach
The extended enterprise
Plastics Manufacturer
7
us.
7
Sweden
S
\
Component Provider
Tooling Supplier
Fabrication Supplier
| A C M TOOL C*.
Germany
s
Cornputsrvtiion Coo Ms nQ si
Design Services
Major Manufacturer
DDDDDDD
71
••••••
••••••
Italy
1
/
France
RCPUCKCMOMl p.21
Airbus: An Example of The
Extended Enterprise
3
• Project-oriented
** ?? Pr****" »
h a r i n
«
development
• Engineers work
concurrently
of location or
regardless
company
affiliation
• Partners and major
suppliers share
«r
risk
Sourca Airbus Induslria
REPUCKCMOM3 p.22
Computtrvnion ConMtnM
7
Cr
CV's Strategic Approach
Partner with c u s t o m e r s , u n d e r s t a n d their p r o c e s s c h a i n s
Product
Development
Diagnostic (PDD)
Document
customer
processes
A
Benchmark
Best Practices
Gap Analysis
/
/
s.
Recommend solutions
based on
'best practices'
Cofflputwvtwon Con Manual
\
REPUCKCM09/M p.23
Recommended Solutions
L e v e r a g i n g the collective brainp o w e r o f the entire
Best concurrent
Process
team
engineering
process to serve the
team
T h e right t e c h n o l o g y for e a c h
Technology
team
member
RCPUCKCMOSA3 p 24
Compultfvitwn ConMantat
17
Customer Example: A T T M Opportunity
21 MonthsProposal
Final
Design
Project
Initiation
Manufacturing
Introduction
Preliminary
Design
Conyularwiiori ConMcntlai
RCPUCKCMOM3 p.2S
Customer Example: Our Recommendations
21 Months
Proposal
Automated Mm*consuming actlvitlss
Project
Initiation
Manufacturing
Introduction
Final
Design
Eliminated redundant
activities
Leveraged Engineering
Data Management
Minimized paperbased dsta
management
Preliminary
Design
Reduced the number
of design-build-test
cycles
Reduced number of
physical prototypes
REPUCKCMOMl pM
ComputMvnton ConldonKal
_____
Customer Example: T T M Savings
\
Unchanged
•
Project
Initiation
50%
Reduction.
™ l
Proposal Ui
i
Preliminary _
Design
/
Cotnputwvwon ConMcnttal
7
14 Months
-SJ
3 < r
*
Reduction
Final
Design
Unchanged
•-aaV—-•
35%
Mfg
Intro
Time
Savings
\
RCPUCKCMOSAU p 27
Financial Gain from Improved T T M
/
60M /
SOM /
$70M
40M
$62M
/
/
20M /
10M /
30M
0
/
2
($2M)
Investment
Cost Savings
Incremental Revenue
Advantage
REPUCKCMOM3 p 21
Computprvmon Contdantst
CV has the Right Process
Implementation Planning
TF
Education
& Training
Computwvnion ConMpntal
TF
Project
Hanagemenl
TF
Systems
Integration
TF
Worldwide
Network
Management
RCPUCKCMOeAl p 2»
CV Has the Right Approach
Driven by Industry/Customers and Partners
3E
Aerospace
Automotive
Consumer
Mechanical
Machinery
3E
3E
3E
3E
AEC
3E
Integrated Enterprise Solution
Conceptual
Designer
Detail
Designer
5:
Process
Planner
..etc.
31
21
3E
NC
Programmei
Tool
Designer
3E
Streamlined Personal Productivity Tools Driven by Individual User Needs
R E P U C K C M 0 9 / 9 3 p 32
Computervision Confidential
CV is Dedicated to the C A D / C A M Market
18.4%
CV
C V is the largest
c o m p a n y in the
w o r l d d e d i c a t e d to
Mechanical C A D / C A M
IBM
EDS
SDRC
Auto-
PTC Appllcon
HP
MS
IG
desk
U.S. Vendors
Computervision Confidential
Source: IDC 1/93
R E P U C K C M 0 9 / 9 3 p.33
coMP«srs<viaiaN
CV has the Right Technology
Relative Market Share
7T\
Fastest
Growing
Segment
Other
Other
Other
Sherps
EDSUG
CADAM
CATIA
EDSUG
Auto
SDRC
Other
Other
CATIA
EDS-UG
SDRC
EDS-UG
Autodesk
Autodesk
Swanson
Intergraph
Apphcon
CATIA
CV
CADAM
CATIA
EDS-UG
CV
CV
MATRA
MacNeal
Schwendler
PTC
EDM
Other
PDA
CV
CV
CV
C o n c e p t D e s i g n — • Analysis
•
Drafting-
C jmputervision Confidential
Relative
Market
Share
-Manufacturing
REPUCKCM09/93 p 30
CV Has the Right Technology
Partners to Help with Point Solutions
* PDA Engineering for sophisticated stress analysis
* Valisys for coordinate measurement and quality
control
* ICAD for knowledge-based engineering
* Point Control for efficient 2.5 axis machining
* ITI for analysis for design engineers
* Light Works for high quality rendered images
* R A S N A for mechanical design optimization
* SILMA for robotics and workcell simulation
Computerv,„on C p n M w M
REPUCKCMOT/93 p 31
COMPUTERVTBCW
1 in C A M Market Share
Rank
Company
Revenues
($ Millions)
% of Revenues
in 1992
1
Computervision
38
12.4%
2
E D S Unigraphics
29
9.4%
3
Dassault Systemes
28
9.1%
4
Matra Datavision
14
4.6%
5
Applicon
9
2.9%
6
Intergraph
7
2.3%
Source CIMdata, 1993
C o m p u l s i o n ConM.rl.al
R E P U C K C M O O T J p. 14
c/
AEC is #2 in Plant Design,
Offshore and Shipbuilding
graph
R E P U C K C M 0 9 / 9 3 p 35
Compulervis.on Confidential
COMPtTTEBViaKSfll
Best Computer Productivity Tool
for Design Engineers
DESIGN NEWS
The Best< 9 2
Products Of 1992
Computervision Confidential
R E P U C K C M 0 9 / 9 3 p 36
c/
CXIMPUTERVniON
The Most Visual Data Management
Software in the Market Place
Computervision
is ranked as #1 in
Data Management
Computervision Confidential
REPUCKCM09J93 p.37
S 7
CADDS 5 Release 4.0: The Most
Significant Release Since Introduction
* Major a d v a n c e s in
parametric
modeling
• 14 n e w c o n c u r r e n t
applications
* Hundreds of customer
enhancements
• N e w high speed H P
platforms
REPUCKCMOM9 P 34
Computtrvinon ConfctonWI
MEDUSA Shares Top CAD Billing in
Computerworld Magazine Survey
* Puts e m p h a s i s o n the
engineering
drawing
* Market f o c u s is the
Mechanical
Machinery
Industry
* Allows users to
engineering
9
Enjoys
automate
activities
high-quality
reputation
Convu»Mv4tMn CoiHWpnIM
RtfucxcMOWM D y
THEDA Rev. 3.0 Wins Blue Ribbon for
"Best New Product" Award for 1993
9
A u t o m a t e s the d e s i g n of
circuit b o a r d s
9
S p e e d s T T M for
products and
9
printed
(PCB)
electronic
systems
Is t h e p r i c e / f u n c t i o n a l l e a d e r
in
the P C B d e s i g n market
9
R e v . 3.0 i n c l u d e s
compliance and
X-windows
major
customer-driven
enhancements
Compuurvnion ConM*nM
REPUCKCMOM1 p 40
c/
Personal Machinist is Two-Time Winner of
Machine
Design's
CAD/CAM Leader Award
9
F u l l 2 1/2- a n d
3-axis
functionality
9
Integrated v e r s i o n with
Personal Designer C A D
9
Standalone version works
any C A D
9
package
Beats competitors
in
functionality, performance
e a s e of
with
and
use
RCPUCKCMC**) p 42
Comput4»vi«on Coo*»»n»4t
DIMENSION III Enables Ahlstrom to Win
Multi-Million Dollar Award from Poland
* Mature and proven
3-D
modeling plant d e s i g n s y s t e m
* O p e n s y s t e m , i.e.,
UNIX, MOTIF, and
embraces
O R A C L E
* C V a e c strategy f o c u s e s o n
technology
9
new
directions
Data management
driven
REPUCKCMOWU p «
Computtrvition ConMpnaal
CV's Strategic Objectives
Measure our s u c c e s s by our customers'
successes
Implement 'best practices'
Move to the 'next generation'
MPUCKCMOM1 p 44
Computarvnaon CMMMMI
Blue Chip Customer Base
/
Pacific Rim
North America
AT&T
Bath Iron Works
Boeing
Ford
General Electric
General Dynamic
Ingersoll Rand
Martin Marietta
Toro
ComputtfVitJOn ConM#ntta1
/
Europe
Aerospatiale
Asea Brown Boven
Audi
Fiat
Mercedes Benz
Peugeot and Citroen
Philips
Rover Group
Rolls Royce A.E.
Siemens
Volvo Truck
/
\
Daewoo
Fuji
Honda
Hyundai
Matsushita
Nikon
Samsung
Sanyo
Singapore HDB
Sumitomo
Toshiba
R E P U C K C M O M 3 p 43
Move to the 'Next Generation'
CornputMvnnn ConfMankM
REPUCKCMOM) p 44
Computervision
* Works with customers to establish a
rational and customized strategy to
* Adopt technology for a strategic
advantage
* Protect their investments in technology
. . . r-—^-....,
REPUCKCMOftAW p.47
Computarviuon Confidential
ty
We Believe Our Strategic
Approach Will...
* Promote the success of our customers
* Enable 'best practices' for our
customers
* Enable our customers to move to the
'next generation' of quality,
productivity and profitability
RCPUCKCMOMl p 44
Compulervmon ConManaal
Computervision
The partner of choice for the most
important thing our customers d o . . .
product development.
Computtrvnion ConManM
REPOCKCMOTM3 p *>
BIJLAGEN,
BEHORENDE BIJ VERSLAG CV USERCONFERENCE EN USERMEETINGS
D.D. 19 T/M 22 SEPTEMBER 1993
TE KANSAS CITY
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Final Agenda for AEC track at CV US Users Mtg - Sept 93
Joel Johnson, Ahlstrom Pyropower
John Munson, Computervision
Ssptembsr 17, 1993 Revision
Maximum of eight 90 minute sessions would allow 24 half hour papers or
panels to be presented between 10:30 AM Monday and noon Wednesday:
Monday Morning. Sept. 20.10:30-12:00 AM (Moderator: John Munsoni
A. Computervision CVaec Business Unit Strategies
1. Business Outlook & Marketing Strategy Vincent Chaillou, CV Bedford
2. CVaec Product Calendar - Malcolm Hall, CV Harston
3. Customer Issues, organization of user group - User
Grp Mgt (Steve Eckart, Trane and
Ken Wolsey, Ahlstrom Pyropower)
(Lunch Break)
Monday Afternoon. Sept. 20.1:30-5:00 PM fMod: Joel J o h n s o n !
B. CVaec Product Demonstrations (Pershing Hall Demo Area)
4. CADDS5 AEC Release 4 demo - Evans Walker
5. DIMENSION III, Release 9.1 demo - John Parsons
6. CVpvs demonstration - John Parsons
(Coffee Break)
C. CVaec Product Hands-on Session (Pershing Hall) - 90 min.
Customers plus previous demonstrators
Tuesday Morning. Sent. 21 ftan-igfltj (M/frf; Joel John«nn}
D. User Experience with the Latest CVaec Products
7. DIMENSION III & CVpvs Panel - Chair, John Munson,
CV, San Diego
a. Ahlstrom Pyropower - Ken Wolsey
b. Destec Engineering - Rocco Ivanovich
c. Rijkwaterstaat (Holland) - Wim Verbruggen
8. CADDS5 AEC Panel - Chair, Joel Johnson,
Ahlstrom Pyropower
a. Bath Iron Works - Currin Webster
b. Benham Group - Theron Smith
c. Los Angeles County - Allan Abramson
9. Ahlstrom Pyropower CAD implementation Update
- Kevin Bell, Ahlstrom Pyropower
(Coffee Break)
E. CVaec Products in Shipbuilding
10. CAD/CAM Goes to Sea, SA'AR 5 Corvette Program Mike Streiff, Ingalls Shipyard
11. Performance of 3D Interference Checking Adam Brewer, Bath Iron Works
12. CAD Application for Hull Steel Outfitting Lim Dae Cheong & Lee Jong Beum,
Daewoo Shipyard, Korea
(Lunch Break)
Wednesday Morning. Sent. 22.8:30-12:00 nuiod: John Munsnni
G. Data Management in AEC - Computervision Plans
16. User Needs Panel - Chair, Barbara Van Hee,
Monsanto Envirochem
a. EG&G / INEL - Brian Hawkes
b. Ingalls Shipyard - Mike Streiff
c. Los Angeles County - Arthur Van der Vis
17-18. Engineering Data Management Product Strategy
Robert Norton, CV Bedford
(Coffee Break)
H. Product Data Modeling
19. ISO/STEP Directions in CV AEC - Dave Diffell. CV
Harston
20. European Users Viewpoint - Frans van Dam,
Rijkwaterstaat
21. Recent CVaec Experience - David Gill, CV San
Diego
(Closing Lunch)
Tuesday Afternoon. Sent. 21. i.30.a nn P
;
M
f M o
d : John Mapanpj
E. Shipbuilding Papers (continued)
13. Generating Pipe Piece Fabrication Info - Ki-Tae No,
Daewoo Shipyard, Korea
F. Data Management in AEC - Users Experience and Needs
14. General Electric Nuclear Data Management
Experience - Frank McCarthy,
GE Nuclear
15. Summary of non-CV User Experiences - Carl Howk,
AEC Automation Newsletter
(Coffee Break)
(Demonstrations and C V Hosted Evening)
VERSLAG CV USERCONFERENCE EN USERMEETINGS
D.D. 19 T/M 22 SEPTEMBER 1993
TE KANSAS CITY
Datum
: oktober 1993
Rapportnr. : BSW/93-17
Auteurs
: Wim Verbruggen
Frans van Dam
Status
: Definitief
INLEIDING
Deze userconference was de tweede conferentie in de VS, waarin alle produkten van CV
(Computervision, onze CAD leverancier van DIMIII) aan de orde kwamen. Tevens werden de
oude gebruikersgroepen omgevormd tot een totale usergroup, met daarbinnen speciale
aandachtsgebieden.
De userconference bestond uit een aantal lezingen; een groot aantal demo's van CV produkten;
een zogenaamde vendor fair en een aantal usermeetings.
In dit verslag wordt kort ingegaan op ieder onderdeel en op de meeting die we met de CV
vertegenwoordigers gehad hebben. Voor overzicht totale conference zie bijlage 1.
Verslag C V Userconference VS en Usermeetings d.d. 19 t/m 22 September 1993 te Kansas City
Blad 2
INHOUD
1.
Samenvatting
2.
Opening
3.
Lezingen
4.
Uitwisseling van ervaringen
5.
Demo's door Computer Vision
6.
Vendor fair
7.
Usermeetings
8.
Bespreking met CV
BIJLAGEN IN APARTE BUNDEL
1.
Overzicht conferentie programma
2.
Sheets CV voordracht trends in de engineering, marktaandeel CV
3.
Sheets CV voordracht Open Engineering Data Management C A D / C A E for Plant design.
Marine & A C E (Architectural, Civil & Engineering)
4.
Sheets CV voordracht CVAEC ROADMAP 1993/1994
5.
Abstract voordracht C A D / C A M goes to sea
6.
Sheets CV voordracht Computervision and PDES/STEP
7.
Sheets RWS voordracht European users viewpoint on STEP
8.
Sheets CV voordracht over EDM
9.
Overzicht met CV-demo's
10.
Overzicht Vendor fair
11.
Brief MOSS Systems Limited aan CV betreffende inbouw MOSS onder DIMIII userinterface
12.
Commentaar van RWS op STEP ten behoeve van Wegontwerp
Verslag C V Userconference VS en Usermeetings d.d. 19 t/m 22 September 1993 te Kansas City
Blad 3
1.
Samenvatting en conclusies
Stond tot voor kort het 3D-ontwerpen nog centraal op de agenda, er is nu een trend te
signaleren dat men binnen bedrijven streeft naar het ondersteunen en verkorten (Time To
Market) van het totale ontwerp-, bouw- en onderhoudsproces. CV tracht hierop in te spelen met
de nieuwe generatie CAD-software, de integratie van EDM met de CAD-software en CADdatastructuren, de PVS (Project Visualisatie Systeem) en datastructuren geent op STEP.
1.
De nieuwe generatie CAD-software richt zich op object-georienteerde technieken
waardoor grote flexibiliteit ontstaat bij het toepassen van produktmodellen en
geparametriseerd ontwerpen, zodat het 3D-ontwerp eenvoudiger kan worden ondersteund
van conceptueel tot en met het definitief ontwerp.
Voor bedrijven betekent dit, dat men zich eveneens moet richten op deze nieuwe
technologieen, zoals het analyseren van applicaties op basis van object-georienteerde
analyse methoden en het gebruik van object-georienteerde programmeermogelijkheden.
Binnen de Bouwdienst wordt hierop reeds ingespeeld door de aanschaf van een objectgeorienteerd pakket voor het ontwikkelen van ontwerp-applicaties. Binnen CV bestaat
grote belangstelling voor onze bevindingen. Daarnaast is door CV aangeraden de nieuwe
ontwikkelingen op dit gebied in de PC-hoek (Visual Basic) te volgen en op hun
inzetbaarheid te analyseren.
2.
Het managen van data door EDM wordt in de visie van CV niet alleen beperkt tot de
informatie over de CAD-documenten, maar bevat ook de inhoud van CAD-documenten,
dus tot op onderdeelniveau. Deze benadering is overigens weer mogelijk door de objectgeorienteerde technieken.
De visie van de CAD-projectgroep is, dat hiervoor 2 verschillende managers gebruikt
moeten worden; 1 voor het managen van documenten (TDIS) en 1 voor het managen van
de onderdelen (het produktmodel).
Een nadere analyse op dit punt is gezien de ontwikkelingen wenselijk.
Naar onze mening zal in het komende jaar een definitieve strategie bepaald moeten
worden voor het managen van engineering data, zodat nieuwe ontwikkelingen hierop
kunnen worden afgestemd.
Dit punt is overigens een "hot item" binnen veel bedrijven die wij ontmoet hebben op de
userconference.
De ervaringen bij bedrijven met PVS zijn zeer positief en met name managers zien in dit
tool mogelijkheden de kosten van ontwerp en bouw van een produkt te reduceren. Dit tool
wordt o.a. ingezet bij project-reviews, besprekingen met opdrachtgevers, op de
bouwplaats voor het management van grote projecten en bij gebruikerstrainingen voor het
bedienen van een fabriek.
Door de CAD-projectgroep is hierop reeds in beperkte mate ingespeeld door de aanschaf
van PVS-software. Implementatie binnen de Bouwdienst is voor de CAD-projectgroep een
van de speerpunten.
Doordat binnen bedrijven meer en meer met 3D-ontwerpsoftware wordt gewerkt, is een
trend te signaleren dat men "intelligent" data wil uitwisselen. Hiervoor ontwikkelt men
vertalers, die min of meer STEP-georienteerd zijn.
Ook binnen de Bouwdienst loopt de inzet van 3D-ontwerpsoftware voor op de
ontwikkeling van de STEP-standaard. Het tussentijds ontwikkelen van 'STEP-based'
datastructuren en in een later stadium "STEP-based"-vertalers lijkt derhalve noodzakelijk.
De wijze waarop de STEP-standaard tot stand komt. rechtvaardigt deze ontwikkeling.
Gaande de ontwikkeling van STEP kunnen meer en meer van deze bedrijfsspecifieke
datastructuren in de STEP-applicatieprotocollen verwerkt worden.
De ervaringen hiermee kunnen via TNO en CV gebruikt worden voor het ontwikkelen van
een STEP-standaard. Ook binnen CV wil men voor de opslag van data niet wachten op de
definitieve STEP-standaard, maar implementeert men flexibele oplossingen, die hierop
aansluiten. Intussen is men actief in verschillende STEP-commissies.
Verslag C V Userconference VS en Usermeetings d.d. 19 t/m 22 September 1993 te Kansas City
Blad 4
5.
De bestaande gebruikers groepen van CADDS, MEDUSA en DIMIII (ASCUS) zijn
overgegaan in een geheel zelfstandige gebruikersgroep, los van Computer Vision, conform
het A S C U S model.
De plant design steering committee is omgebouwd naar de nieuwe A E C steering
committee en richt zich op de nieuwe CV-aec produkten, samen met de CADDS5gebruikers.
De eerste versie van de CV-aec engine (2D tekenen en 3D draadmodellen) komt begin
volgend jaar beschikbaar op PC's. CV wil DIMIII niet ineens vervangen maar geleidelijk aan
vernieuwen met de nieuwe CV-aec componenten. Technische details kon men echter nog
niet geven.
Visual Basic wordt de nieuwe programmeertaal voor de CV-eac produkten, die verder
geheel object georienteerd zijn en zowel op PC's onder MS-DOS, als onder UNIX zullen
draaien.
Voor terrein modellering gaat men met MSL (de leverancier van MOSS) onderhandelen om
op korte termijn MOSS onder DIMIII en CADDS5 te koppelen (zie ook bijlage 11).
6.
Als Bouwdienst kunnen wij begin volgend jaar kennis maken met de CV-aec engine voor
2D tekenen en 3D draadmodellen. Voor de 3D applicaties blijven we het komende jaar
ontwikkelen onder DIMIII, aangevuld met de MTEL toolkit als objectlaag voor de
samenhang van de met DIMIII gemaakte onderdelen. CV heeft veel belangstelling voor
deze ontwikkeling en houdt hierover contact met ons. Ten behoeve van de nieuwe NMT
(3D vlakken/solids/aec parts) modeller hebben wij de voor ons benodigde functionaliteit
aan CV gegeven.
2.
Opening
De opening werd gedaan door de voorzitter van de CV gebruikersgroep die deze conferentie
organiseerde. In tegenstelling tot de voormalige CV userclubs en de gebruikersgroep in Europa,
is deze nieuwe gebruikersclub geheel zelfstandig met eigen statuten en een eigen budget.
De structuur is dezelfde als die voormalige gebruikersgroep rond CALMA (ASCUS) en veel van
de voormalige A S C U S bestuursleden maken deel uit van het bestuur van deze nieuwe CV
usergroep.
3.
Lezingen
Inleiding
Zowel door CV als door de gebruikers en twee onafhankelijke journalisten zijn een aantal
lezingen gegeven. De meest relevante en interessante lezingen worden in dit hoofdstuk
weergegeven. De folies of abstracts van deze lezingen zijn in de bijlage opgenomen. Een boek
met alle abstracts van deze userconference ligt bij Frans van Dam en Wim Verbruggen ter
inzage.
3.1
Trends in de engineering wereld
De eerste lezing werd gegeven door de chairman van CV, Russ Planitzer.
Hij gaf de volgende belangrijkste items en trends voor de jaren 90 aan:
het belang om snel nieuwe produkten te ontwikkelen (reactie snelheid, reduce time to
market) en het vermogen om efficient kleine series te maken;
kosten beheersing alleen is niet voldoende, men moet de behoefte van de klanten kennen
en daaraan kunnen beantwoorden (Leverage (Value-added) core competencies);
veel uitbesteden en werken met een netwerk van specialisten;
internationaal denken en handelen.
Verslag C V Userconference VS en Usermeetings d.d. 19 t/m 22 September 1993 te Kansas City
Blad 5
Aan de hand van de diverse industrie-sectoren werd een en ander toegelicht en werd de
consequentie aangegeven voor de benodigde CAE gereedschappen en informatie structures
Reducties in ontwerptijd (z.g.n. T T M , Time To Market) met een factor 3 worden nagestreefd en
haalbaar geacht. Tevens werd het aandeel van CV in de totale C A D C A M markt en haar
integratie kracht aan de orde gesteld. Voor meer info zie sheets op bijlage 2.
3.2
Open Engineering Data Management CAD/CAE for Plant design. Marine & A C E
(Architectural, Civil & Engineering)
Deze lezing werd gegeven door Vincent Chaillou, hoofd van de AEC (Architectural, Engineering
& Construction) business unit van CV.
In deze lezing werd ingegaan op het AEC marktaandeel van CV, de belangrijkste gebruikers; op
de algemene gebruikers behoefte vanuit de AEC wereld en op de belangrijkste concurrenten van
CV binnen de AEC wereld.
Bij het maken van applicaties hecht CV grote waarde aan het kennen van de bedrijfsprocessen,
zodat de informatie flow (EDM) en de applicaties (produktmodel) daarop kunnen worden
afgestemd.
De software-ontwikkelingen vinden thans vooral in India plaats, zodat men met dezelfde
middelen veel meer kan ontwikkelen en zelfs een betere kwaliteit kan bereiken. Ook Singapore
draagt als staat bij in de AEC ontwikkelingen die aldaar moeten worden uitgevoerd.
Voor verdere informatie zie sheets van deze lezing op bijlage 3.
3.3
CVAEC ROADMAP 1993/1994
Deze lezing werd gegeven door M. Hall, hoofd AEC research en development.
Op deze lezing werden alle A E C produkten van CV als een familie besproken. De AEC produkten
van CV zijn: DIMIII (CALMA); CADDS(5)-AEC en Medusa en het nieuwe produkt CVaec dat ook
op PC's zal draaien. Geleidelijk aan wil men de core (2D tekenmoduul, 3D modeller e.d.) onder
deze produkten uniform maken zodat alle produkten naar de nieuwe generatie toegroeien en men
de onderhoudskosten kan reduceren. Tussen CADDS-eac en DIMIII is een speciale koppeling
gerealiseerd. Binnen grote (scheepsbouw) projecten wordt vaak tussen DIMIII gebruikers en
CADDS gebruikers samengewerkt.
Binnen CVaec is thans alleen de PVS (het Project Visualisatie Systeem) beschikbaar. Aan dit
produkt wordt in een hoog tempo telkens weer functionaliteit toegevoegd. De gebruikers zijn er
zeer enthousiast over. Het CVaec-CVp&id pakket komt in kwartaal 2 van 1994 beschikbaar in
plaats van de oorspronkelijk geplande eind 1993.
De CVaec-engine komt als eerste versie (met 2D tekenen t/m 3D draadmodellen) kwartaal 1 van
1994 beschikbaar en wordt thans op beta sites getest. Dit produkt lijkt sterk op Designview,
doch ondersteunt tevens alle Window- opties (zoals b.v. OLE) op PC's en is uiteraard meer
gericht op grafische toepassingen/tekenen. In de tweede helft van 1994 komt dit produkt ook
onder UNIX beschikbaar. De enhancements voor DIMIII betreffen vooral de nieuwe userinterface
onder UNIX, de algemene C-interface voor expertsystemen, de interface naar EDM,
verbeteringen in labelling en dimensioning, verbetering van de performance en een verbeterde
Parametric Component Modeler. Tevens wordt de opdeling in modulen verbeterd en zouden de
jaarlijkse maintenance kosten gereduceerd worden. Voor de implementatie onder Digital Alpha is
de keuze van het operatingsysteem nog een probleem. Onder V A X - V M S komen geen nieuwe
versies meer uit behoudens z.g.n. buxfixing releases.
Voor verdere informatie zie sheets van deze lezing op bijlage 4.
Verslag C V Userconference VS en Usermeetings d.d. 19 t/m 22 September 1993 te Kansas City
Blad 6
3.4
C A D / C A M goes to sea
Deze lezing werd gegeven door Michel Streif, hoofd Automatisering van Ingalls shipbuilding.
Ingalls is een DIMIII gebruiker en heeft een omzet van ca. 1 miljard dollar. In deze lezing werd
het volledig 3D ontwerpen van een 80m lange Corvette voor de Israelische marine getoond.
Het ontwerp was in zijn geheel in 3D opgebouwd en geintegreerd met de overige disciplines via
databases. Vanuit dit ontwerp (produktmodel) werden alle tekeningen, stuklijsten en andere
documenten ten behoeve van het ontwerp en de fabricage gegenereerd. Voor een aantal
componenten in een schip is er zelfs een rechtstreekse koppeling naar de machines in de fabriek.
Een soortgelijke lezing werd gegeven door een CADDS5 gebruiker die met Ingalls ook 3D
modellen uitwisselt. De Amerikaanse Navy blijkt inmiddels een op PDES (STEP) gebaseerd 3D
neutraal file formaat ontwikkeld te hebben dat voor deze gegevens overdracht wordt gebruikt.
De abstract van deze lezing staat op bijlage 5.
3.5
Computervision and PDES/STEP
Deze voordracht werd gegeven door CV en ging in op de betrokkenheid van CV bij de STEP
ontwikkelingen en op de organisatie van de diverse STEP werkgroepen en standaards.
Voor de sheets van deze voordracht zie bijlage 6.
3.6
European users viewpoint on STEP
Deze lezing zou oorspronkelijk door T.N.O. op verzoek van CV gegeven worden. Daar T.N.O.
zelf niet kon, is deze lezing door Frans van Dam gegeven, gevolgd door de video Getting in Step.
De voordracht toont de behoefte aan goede standaards voor gegevens overdracht en hoe in
Europa stap voor stap vanuit de huidige situatie naar de gewenste situatie wordt toegewerkt.
In dit kader werd ook ingegaan op de Europese ontwikkel-programma's (Esprit, Eureka en Brite
Euram) en een aantal PDI projecten binnen deze programma's. De interesse van de AECgebruikers voor deze voordracht was goed. Men zit vooral te wachten op Step standaards die
direct kunnen worden toegepast. Voor de sheets van deze voordracht zie bijlage 7.
De overige lezingen hadden een vergelijkbaar karakter en inhoud als de lezing van Ingalls, doch
men was wat minder ver. Sommige lezingen waren zeer specifiek, bijvoorbeeld over interference
checking, en zijn derhalve in dit verslag niet opgenomen.
4.
Uitwisseling van ervaringen
De uitwisseling van ervaringen bestond uit korte voordrachten van ca. 10 a 15 minuten, waarin
een bepaald onderwerp door een aantal bedrijven werd aangesneden. Na de voordracht was er
tijd voor vragen en discussie.
Ondanks de beperkte voorbereiding waren deze sessies zeer leerzaam en informatief. In deze
conferentie waren er twee blokken met ervarings-uitwisseling voor de A E C gebruikers. Een
eerste blok betrof de meest recente ervaringen, aangevuld met toelichting wat de bedrijven
deden. Het tweede blok was vooral gericht op de ervaringen rond engineering data
management.
4.1
Laatste ervaringen, kennismaking met nieuwe gebruikers
In deze sessie heeft Wim Verbruggen, op uitnodiging door CV, een korte voordracht gehouden
over de toepassingen van DIMIII binnen de Bouwdienst. Tijdens dit eerste blok mochten we
kennis maken met de volgende drie CADDS(5)-AEC gebruikers:
Bath Iron Works een scheepswerf met ca 100 werkstations;
De county of Los Angeles een civiele gebruiker met ca 120 werkstations t.b.v.
wegontwerp, terreinmodellen en GIS;
De Bentham engineering group op het gebied van utiliteits bouw, plant design,
waterbeheersing, GIS en terreinmodellen met ca 1500 medewerkers en 200 werkstations.
Verslag C V Userconference VS en Usermeetings d.d. 19 t/m 22 September 1993 te Kansas City
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De meest recente ervaringen betroffen vooral de toepassing van de PVS (het Project Visualisatie
Systeem) waarmee men door 3D modellen kan lopen en willekeurige informatie uit dat model
kan opvragen. Vooral de managers zijn enthousiast. Wat op het eerste gezicht alleen presentatie
leek, blijkt nu een uiterst nuttig tool te zijn voor het projectmanagement, de onderlinge
communicatie met subcontractors en voor instructie.
Veel gebruikers maken iedere twee weken een video waarin de voortgang van het ontwerp aan
de hand van de 3D modellen wordt getoond. Ook op de Bouwplaats begint de PVS zijn intrede
te doen als huipmiddel voor overleg en voor het bepalen van de montage volgorde.
Voor instructie-doeleinden is men bijvoorbeeld al eens vanuit de uitlaat de motor ingewandeld.
4.2
Uitwisseling ervaringen met Engineering Data Management
De behoefte aan Engineering Data Management wordt algemeen onderkend, doch de invoering
kost veel eigen inzet. Met name het overgaan van de oude papieren situatie naar het tijdperk
met digitale gegevensoverdracht, kost veel inspanning voor het aanpassen van de
werkprocedures en de acceptatie van digitale bestanden in plaats van papier.
De DIMIII gebruikers hebben net als wij problemen met de relaties tussen modellen en
tekeningen. Een aantal heeft in het verleden DMCS aangeschaft, doch het produkt wordt
vanwege de vereiste inpassing in de organisatie nog niet geoperationaliseerd.
Ingalls schipyards heeft een op Oracle gebaseerde engineering data manager (DSRS) met succes
volledig ingevoerd maar hamert erop, dat men zelf de produkten moet kunnen toesnijden en
derhalve een goede DAL&ORACLE programmeur in huis moet! hebben. (Customisation is
necessary!!).
De county of Los Angeles werkt ook met een Engineering Data Manager; in dit geval EDM van
CV. Men heeft bewust de oude naam conventies voor files gehandhaafd en haar ambitie zo
praktisch mogelijk gehouden. EDM wordt door hen voor zowel tijdelijke als blijvende data opslag
gebruikt.
De county adviseert net als Ingalls te zorgen voor:
1)
2)
3)
Analyse van de document procedures met uitgebreide gebruikers reviews en
opleidingssessies.
Eerst het werkproces te definieren.
Het overtuigen van het management van het belang van een goed data management.
Over de toepassing van EDM was men erg te spreken, doch het eist extra computer power.
Met name onderlinge coordinatie en communicatie wordt door EDM versterkt en men weet waar
alles is.
Vertaald naar de Bouwdienst-situatie blijkt, dat we met TDIS aan een zware klus begonnen zijn,
die een stapsgewijze aanpak en een sterke terugkoppeling naar management en gebruikers eist.
Met name het ontbreken van een eigen EDL/DAL programmeur en de kans op een te hoog
ambitie niveau eist aandacht. Tevens kan de inzet van extra computer power op de file server
nodig zijn.
Tot slot gaf CV nog informatie over EDM. De link tussen EDM en DIMIII wordt verder ontwikkeld
en de document en/of produkt structuur kan in de nieuwe versie grafisch worden weergegeven.
Wereldwijd heeft men thans 10.000 stations op EDM aangesloten op ca. 250 sites.
Voor verdere informatie zie sheets op bijlage 8.
Verslag CV Userconference VS en Usermeetings d.d. 19 t/m 22 September 1993 te Kansas City
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5.
Demo's door Computer Vision
Alle produkten van CV werden getoond in een groot aantal demo's.
De demo over wereldwijde concurrent engineering met behulp van EDM en een aantal
teleconferencing tools was interessant.
Op de PVS (Project Visualisatie Systeem) werd de combinatie van geluid en beweging getoond
door een vliegtuig langs de controle kamer van een verkeerstoren te laten vliegen. Tevens werd
de toevoeging van spiegeling en extra lichtbronnen getoond, zodat men de beelden ten behoeve
van presentatie nog realistischer kan maken.
Tot slot hebben we een demo van CV-DORS, GIS en CADDS-AEC bijgewoond.
Voor een totaal overzicht van de demo's zie bijlage 9.
6.
Vendor fair
Op de vendor fair waren ca. 25 bedrijven aanwezig. Opvallend groot was het aantal bedrijven
dat zich bezig hield met gegevens-overdracht en systeem-integratie. Voor ons was er weinig
nieuws onder de zon op deze Vendor fair. De deelnemende bedrijven aan deze vendor fair staan
op bijlage 10.
7.
Usermeetings
De oude plant design steering committee voor DIMIII is overgegaan naar een bredere gebruikersgroep ten behoeve van de nieuwe CV-aec produkten. Men wil zich vooral richten op de
toekomst en hieraan met behulp van krachtige kerngroep met maximaal 15 krachtige gebruikers
richting geven. De CADDS-gebruikers en DIMIII-gebruikers zitten aardig op hetzelfde niveau en
op dezelfde lijn. Medusa is nauwelijks vertegenwoordigd. In tegenstelling tot de mechanical
users hebben de oude DIMIII gebruikers binnen CVaec de sterkste vertegenwoordiging. De
nieuwe committee werkt op dezelfde basis als de oude plant design steering committee doch
heet nu AEC-steering committee en kent naast plant design en shipbuilding ook een drietal Civil
users (RWS, County of Los Angeles en de Benham group). De deelname van de USBR is onzeker
daar de USBR vermoedelijk niet meer op de komst van een verbeterde terrein modelleur wil
wachten en derhalve op een ander produkt overstapt.
Behoudens de onzekerheid rond de USBR lijkt de merge met CADDS een goede zaak. De eerst
volgende bijeenkomst is gepland voor eind januari 1994 in Boston. Men hoopt dan meer inzicht
te krijgen in het inpassen van de CVaec engine in de bestaande A E C produkten.
8.
Bespreking RWS met C V
Aan het eind van de CV conference hebben we een ca. 2 uur durend gesprek gehad met Vincent
Chaillou, hoofd A E C Business unit en John Parsons, hoofd A E C marketing. Tijdens deze
bespreking zijn o.a. de volgende punten besproken:
Verslag C V Userconference VS en Usermeetings d.d. 19 t/m 22 September 1993 te Kansas City
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8.1
Ontwikkeling CV-aec
8.1.1.
2D en 3D draadmodellen/tekenen
De CV-aec engine is thans als beta versie beschikbaar en komt begin volgend jaar op de markt.
Deze versie draait onder Windows op PC's en gebruikt ook alle opties die Windows biedt.
Verder lijkt het veel op designview en kan het naast 2D ook 3D draadmodellen aan. CV is op de
hoogte gebracht van de evaluatie die de Bouwdienst voorjaar 1994 wil uitvoeren en zal ons in
het eerste kwartaal 1994 deze eerste versie van de CV-aec engine ter beschikking stellen.
Volgend jaar komt tevens een versie onder Unix beschikbaar en wordt P&ID onder dit pakket op
de markt gebracht. Met tekenen en met 3D draadmodellen zou de Bouwdienst theoretisch de 2de helft van 1994 kunnen starten met de overgang naar dit produkt. De data koppeling en het
migratie programma naar DIMIII is nog niet uitgewerkt. Men streeft naar een geleidelijke
overgang. De programmeertaal van de nieuwe CV-aec engine is "Visual Basic-like", CV heeft ons
gevraagd om met deze programmeertaal nader kennis te maken om te zien of er naast deze taal
nog een zwaardere taal, bijvoorbeeld C + +, nodig is.
8.1.2.
3D vlakken en solids
Deze functies zullen in de nieuwe NMT modeller (eveneens onderdeel van de CV-aec engine)
worden ingebouwd, doch deze is volgend jaar nog niet beschikbaar. Uiteindelijk moet deze
modeller in alle AEC produkten worden ingebouwd, maar voor DIMIII kan men nog geen migratie
pad aangeven. Voorlopig kunnen wij ons met DIMIII nog wel verder ontwikkelen met de staal
ontwerp pakketten, ACL en de onlangs aangetrokken MTEL Toolkit. CV zal binnenkort meer
informatie geven en ook kijken in hoeverre de ACL functies in de nieuwe NMT modeller
aanwezig zullen zijn.
8.1.3.
Ontwerp-applicaties
Wij hebben CV duidelijk gemaakt, dat we onze eigen ontwerp-applicaties zo klein mogelijk willen
houden en derhalve zoveel mogelijk basis functionaliteit van de nieuwe CV-aec engine
verlangen. Op deze wijze wordt migratie zinvol, daar het bedrijfsspecifieke onderhoud dan veel
kleiner wordt. CV wil graag met ons samen de nieuwe applicaties ontwikkelen en is met name
geinteresseerd in de specificaties en de gebruikers-ervaring.
Men wilde ook graag weten in hoeverre wij die mochten geven. Onzes inziens zijn daar geen
beperkingen in, daar onze kennis in principe openbaar is en vooral tot doel heeft om zo
economisch mogelijk de Nederlandse infrastructuur te bouwen en te onderhouden.
8.1.4.
Terrein modelleur
CV wil de contacten met MOSS verder aanhalen en wij hebben dat van harte gesteund.
Op korte termijn gaat men met Moss in onderhandeling om een interface tussen Moss met DIMM
en CADDS te realiseren. Vanuit DIMIII en CADDS kan men dan de MOSS terreinmodelleur
gebruiken. Op langere termijn hoopt men MOSS ook op de nieuwe CV-aec engine aan te sluiten
doch dat is een groeiproces voor beide partijen. Ter informatie is een brief van MOSS aan CV als
bijlage 11 aan dit verslag toegevoegd.
8.2
DXF convertor
Wij hebben aangedrongen op een spoedige verbetering van de aanwezige DXF convertor. CV
vroeg zich af waarom wij de concurrerende Hillman convertor niet hadden en gaf daarmee de
ernst van het probleem zelf aan.
Op korte termijn zal men aangeven of wij via een inruilactie vanuit CV op deze convertor kunnen
overgaan of dat er verbeteringen op komst zijn.
RWS zal de laatst geconstateerde fouten opsturen naar CV.
Verslag C V Userconference VS en Usermeetings d.d. 19 t/m 22 September 1993 te Kansas City
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8.3
A C L ontwikkelingen
CV-Design lijkt geen alternatief voor de ACL modeller te zijn gezien de ontwikkelingen rond de
NMT modeller. Men is zeer geinteresseerd in onze ontwikkelingen met de MTEL Toolkit en de
relatie met Caroline Informatique. In deze ontwikkelingen is ons steun via een CV-contact
persoon toegezegd.
8.4
STEP ontwikkelingen
De in Europa geplande bijeenkomst met A E C gebruikers voor de ontwikkeling van applicatie
protocols is weliswaar uitgesteld, maar gaat wel door; vermoedelijk eind oktober/begin
november. Men is tevens geinteresseerd in ons commentaar op STEP in relatie tot Wegontwerp
(zie bijlage 12) en vraagt om dit stuk naar de CV contact persoon in STEP Dave Duffett met
afschrift voor Vincent Chaillou toe te faxen.
8.5
Inplementatie op VAX-ALFA
De nieuwe generatie werkstations van Digital draait onder drie verschillende operating systemen
welke onderling voor CAD niet compatibel zijn. CV heeft implementatie op VAX-ALFA onder het
OSF-UNIX operating systeem op de planning staan, maar betwijfelt of Digital dit operating
systeem wel 100% wil ondersteunen. Digital schijnt de voorkeur te geven aan Windows-NT. Als
RWS hebben wij gezegd dat als we naar UNIX willen, voor ons de overgang naar HP-UNIX een
aanvaardbaar alternatief is. Wel vinden wij een keuze tussen meerdere UNIX platforms vanwege
concurrentie overwegingen gewenst. Op VAX-ALFA is voor ons, op korte termijn, een
implementatie onder V M S het meest wenselijk daar we dan zowel voor ons huidige operating
systeem VMS als voor UNIX (onder HP) kunnen kiezen.
Verslag C V Userconference VS en Usermeetings d.d. 19 t/m 22 September 1993 te Kansas City
Blad 11

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