DRIVEN BY WIND, TOGETHER HIGHLIGHTS OF 2013 Aspiravi _1 WIN D FARM _ Northwind Aspiravi _3 WIN D FARM _ Northwind Aspiravi _5 WIN D FARM _ Northwind Aspiravi _7 WIN D FARM _ Northwind Aspiravi _9 WIN D FARM _ Northwind Aspiravi _11 WIN D FARM _ Northwind GROWING TOGETHER Aspiravi _13 ASPIRAVI GROUP SHAREHOLDERS’ STRUCTURE NUHMA CREADIV EFIN FINEG VEH HOLDING 100% shareholder of Aspiravi Offshore NV and Aspiravi Offshore II NV OFFSHORE II SAMEN GEDREVEN DOOR DE WIND 33% 12,5% OFFSHORE II SAMEN GEDREVEN DOOR DE WIND 12,5%* 12,5%* OFFSHORE II SAMEN GEDREVEN DOOR DE WIND 8%* shareholder of shareholder of shareholder of shareholder of shareholder of Northwind NV Otary RS NV Rentel NV Seastar Mermaid 100% 50% 66,7% 50% shareholder of shareholder of shareholder of shareholder of Gislom NV Vleemo Limburg win(d)t NV A&S Energie NV * direct and/or indirect 15,1% shareholder of Aspiravi NV 84,9% shareholder of Aspiravi NV 57,5%* shareholder of 14,4%* shareholder of 60% shareholder of Groene Wind@Stroom NuCuraçao Energie Haven Windparken Antwerpen NV BV Limburg wind cvba Aspiravi Samen cvba ASPIRAVI GROUP SHAREHOLDERS’ STRUCTURE samen gedreven door de wind Municipalities NUHMA Municipalities CREADIV Municipalities EFIN Alken, As, Beringen, Bilzen, Bocholt, Borgloon, Bree, Diepenbeek, Dilsen-Stokkem, Genk, Gingelom, Halen, Ham, Hamont-Achel, Hasselt, Hechtel-Eksel, Heers, Herk-De-Stad, Herstappe, HeusdenZolder, Hoeselt, Houthalen-Helchteren, Kinrooi, Kortessem, Laakdal, Lanaken, Leopoldsburg, Lommel, Lummen, Maaseik, Maasmechelen, Meeuwen-Gruitrode, Neerpelt, Nieuwerkerken, Opglabbeek, Overpelt, Peer, Riemst, Sint-Truiden, Tessenderlo, Tongeren, Wellen, Zonhoven, Zutendaal Begijnendijk, Bekkevoort, Chastre, Diest, Galmaarden, Geetbets, Glabbeek, Gooik, Herne, Holsbeek, Incourt, Kampenhout, Kortenaken, Landen, Linter, Lubbeek, Oud-Heverlee, Pepingen, Perwez, Steenokkerzeel, Tielt-Winge, Tremelo, Villers-la-Ville, Zoutleeuw Diksmuide, Gistel, Harelbeke, Hooglede, Izegem, Jabbeke, Koekelare, Kortemark, Ledegem, Lendelede, Middelkerke, Oudenburg, Torhout, Vosselaar, Wevelgem Municipalities FINEG Aartselaar, Antwerp, Boechout, Essen, Grobbendonk, Hemiksem, Kampenhout, Kapellen, Laakdal, Niel, Nijlen, Stabroek, Steenokkerzeel, Vorselaar, Vosselaar, Zelzate Shareholders VEH Auxipar, Creadiv, Belfius Bank, Efin, Ethias, Fineg, KBC Insurances, Nuhma, P&V, City of Ghent Aspiravi _15 Growth of the Aspiravi Group By the end of 2013, the Aspiravi Group was involved in managing Thanks to our renewable energy products, more 131 wind turbines, 1 biomass plant, 4 biogas engines and than 420,456 tonnes of CO2 emissions were 2 small hydropower plants spread throughout Belgium, avoided over 2013 (the equivalent of the annual in the North Sea and abroad. The aggregate capacity of our emissions of 178,899 vehicles). installations is 306 MW and they produce green power equivalent to the average annual use of 263,577 households. Growth in wind energy (end of 2013) 150 10 25 (of the 72) 96 wind turbines wind turbines wind turbines onshore on offshore in the onshore in Curaçao North Sea Belgium number of wind turbines number of families 300000 250000 100 200000 150000 50 100000 50000 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 306 2003 400 500000 installed capacity in MW total avoided CO2 emissions in tonnes/year 400000 300 300000 CO2 200 200000 100 2003 100000 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Growth of the cooperative companies Profit for everyone Since 2010, people have been investing in our onshore wind energy projects by purchasing shares in our cooperative companies Aspiravi Samen and Limburg wind. A wise decision, for now they enjoy the revenue from wind energy. BECOME AN INVESTOR TOO! By the end of 2013, more than 6,800 shareholders 4 524 500 13 826 750 4 000 625 12 229 750 2 938 125 10 650 500 1 674 000 8 731 125 550 000 6 338 125 6 345 625 600 000 15 4 960 625 collected a total sum of more than EUR 18 million. capital in millions € 12 On www.aspiravi-samen.be and www.limburgwind.be you can discover how you too, can invest in green energy. 9 6 3 0 As an investor in Aspiravi’s wind energy projects you enjoy May‘10 Sep‘10 March‘11 Aspiravi Samen cvba Sep‘11 March‘12 Sep‘12 March‘13 Dec‘13 triple benefits: clean local energy, a sustainable environment for your (grand)children and an expected annual return on Limburg wind cvba 4 600 1 400 5 163 1 634 4 150 1 000 3 700 520 2 635 11 2 640 12 2 030 your savings between 4 and 6%. In addition, you actively March‘13 Dec‘13 contribute to creating a more beautiful world. 6 5 number of shareholders 4 3 2 1 0 May‘10 Sep‘10 Aspiravi Samen cvba March‘11 Sep‘11 March‘12 Sep‘12 Limburg wind cvba Aspiravi _17 OUR SHAREHOLDERS_ Koen Mertens, Louis Bogaerts, and Erwin Roovers believe in the importance of wind energy as a pure, inexhaustible source They have bought shares in the Aspiravi Samen cooperative, and are thus supporting the construction of wind farms by Aspiravi of energy for the future. NV. They say it’s a ‘win(d)-win(d) situation’! Aspiravi _19 ASPIRAVI _ transport Aspiravi _21 ASPIRAVI _ construction Aspiravi _23 ASPIRAVI _ construction Aspiravi _25 ASPIRAVI _ construction Aspiravi _27 number of wind turbines capacity number of families start of production CO2 total avoided CO2 emissions in tonnes/year owner Aspiravi share equivalent to the annual emissions of a number of vehicles WORKING TOGETHER Aspiravi _29 TO BE BUILT IN 2014 21 wind turbines onshore ANTWERP LEFT BANK 13 to be decided to be decided to be decided CO2 to be decided Wind@Stroom 14,4% Aspiravi ANTWERP LEFT BANK / 2014 BERINGEN CONCENTRA 2014 1 839 tonnes / year 1 CO2 Limburg win(d)t 2 MW BERINGEN CONCENTRA / 2014 1 150 783 66,7% Aspiravi Antwerp Left bank Beringen Concentra Antwerp Right bank Ham ANTWERP RIGHT BANK 5 11,75 MW 10 000 2014 15 995 tonnes / year CO2 6 805 Vleemo 50% Aspiravi ANTWERP RIGHT BANK / 2014 HAM 2014 3 679 tonnes / year 2 CO2 Limburg win(d)t 4 MW 2 300 1 565 66,7% Aspiravi HAM / 2014 Aspiravi _31 OFFSHORE PROJECTS 4 wind farms NORTHWIND 2013 - 2014 367 885 tonnes / year 72 CO2 216 MW NORTHWIND / 2013 NORTHWIND / 2013 230 000 156 531 Northwind 33% Aspiravi Northwind Rentel, Mermaid & Seastar RENTEL, MERMAID & SEASTAR 2017 2018 2019 460 656 tonnes / year 770 959 tonnes / year 403 074 tonnes / year ± 48 ± 73 ± 288 MW ± 482 MW 288 000 ± 42 CO2 196 004 ± 252 MW 482 000 252 000 Rentel Aspiravi 12,5% * 328 034 171 503 Mermaid 8% * Seastar 12,5% * * direct and/or indirect Outer Edge of Belgian’s territorial waters Zone reserved for wind farms Participations of Aspiravi Offshore NV and Aspiravi Offshore II NV Mermaid Belwind Seastar Northwind Rentel C-power Norther Zeebrugge Ostend Aspiravi _33 BUILT IN 2013 12 wind turbines onshore DENDERMONDE 2013 1 839 tonnes / year 1 CO2 783 2 MW 1 150 DENDERMONDE / 2013 Aspiravi 100% Aspiravi LOMMEL KRISTALPARK 2014 9 117 tonnes / year 5 CO2 3 879 Limburg win(d)t 10 MW 5 700 LOMMEL / 2013 66,7% Aspiravi HAM 2013 3 679 tonnes / year 2 CO2 Limburg win(d)t 4 MW HAM / 2013 2 300 1 565 66,7% Aspiravi Dendermonde Lommel Kristalpark Tessenderlo Schoonhees Tessenderlo Ravenshout TESSENDERLO SCHOONHEES Ham 2014 8 397 tonnes / year 3 CO2 Limburg win(d)t 9 MW 5 150 3 573 66,7% TESSENDERLO RAVENSHOUT Aspiravi TESSENDERLO SCHOONHEES / 2013 2013 1 839 tonnes / year 1 CO2 Limburg win(d)t 2 MW 1 150 783 66,7% Aspiravi TESSENDERLO RAVENSHOUT / 2013 Aspiravi _35 BUILT BEFORE 2013 102 wind turbines onshore NOORDERKEMPEN 2012 20 792 tonnes / year 10 CO2 22,1 MW 13 000 NOORDERKEMPEN / 2012 8 847 Aspiravi 100% Aspiravi PERWEZ 2012 4 799 tonnes / year 3 CO2 6 MW 3 000 PERWEZ / 2012 2 042 Aspiravi 100% Aspiravi BERINGEN 2012 3 199 tonnes / year 2 CO2 Limburg win(d)t 4,6 MW BERINGEN / 2012 2 000 1 361 66,7% Aspiravi Noorderkempen Perwez Beringen Hasselt Centrale Werkplaatsen Genk South Curaçao Tera Kora Curaçao Playa Kanoa Halen-Diest Diest-Bekkevoort Maaseik Izegem Hasselt Godsheide Zeebrugge Ypres Antwerp Vleemo Bastogne Amel Lommel Gistel Puurs Middelkerke Eeklo Bruges Kapelle-op-den-Bos HASSELT CENTRALE WERKPLAATSEN 2012 3 655 tonnes / year 2 CO2 Limburg win(d)t 4,6 MW 2 285 1 555 66,7% Aspiravi HASSELT / 2012 GENK SOUTH 2012 1 600 tonnes / year 1 CO2 Limburg win(d)t 2,3 MW 1 000 681 66,7% CURAÇAO TERA KORA Aspiravi GENK SOUTH / 2012 2012 25 592 tonnes / year 5 CO2 NuCuraçao Windparken BV 15 MW 16 000 10 889 60% Aspiravi CURAÇAO TERA KORA / 2012 Aspiravi _37 BUILT BEFORE 2013 102 wind turbines onshore CURAÇAO PLAYA KANOA 2012 25 592 tonnes / year 5 CO2 NuCuraçao Windparken BV 15 MW 16 000 CURAÇAO PLAYA KANOA / 2012 10 889 60% Aspiravi HALEN-DIEST 2011 11 197 tonnes / year 5 CO2 11,5 MW 7 000 HALEN-DIEST / 2011 4 764 Limburg win(d)t 66,7% DIESTBEKKEVOORT Aspiravi 2011 11 197 tonnes / year 5 CO2 11,5 MW DIEST-BEKKEVOORT / 2011 7 000 4 764 Aspiravi 100% Aspiravi MAASEIK 2011 4 799 tonnes / year 3 CO2 2 042 Limburg win(d)t 6 MW 3 000 66,7% Aspiravi MAASEIK / 2011 IZEGEM 2009 & 2011 7 357 tonnes / year 4 CO2 8,6 MW 4 600 3 130 Aspiravi 100% HASSELT GODSHEIDE Aspiravi IZEGEM / 2009 - 2011 1999 & Retrofit 2010 3 655 tonnes / year 2 CO2 4 MW 2 285 1 555 Aspiravi 100% Aspiravi HASSELT / 1999 - 2010 Aspiravi _39 BUILT BEFORE 2013 102 wind turbines onshore ZEEBRUGGE 1987 & retrofit 2009 7 998 tonnes / year 10 CO2 8,5 MW 5 000 ZEEBRUGGE / 1987 - 2009 3 403 Aspiravi 100% Aspiravi YPRES 2009 5 598 tonnes / year 3 CO2 6,9 MW 3 500 YPRES / 2009 2 382 Aspiravi 100% ANTWERP VLEEMO Aspiravi 2005, 2008 & 2009 16 635 tonnes / year 7 CO2 15 MW ANTWERP VLEEMO / 2005, 2008 & 2009 10 400 7 078 Vleemo 50% Aspiravi BASTOGNE 2009 4 799 tonnes / year 3 CO2 6 MW 3 000 2 042 Aspiravi 100% Aspiravi BASTOGNE / 2009 AMEL 2008 9 597 tonnes / year 5 CO2 10 MW 6 000 4 083 Aspiravi 100% Aspiravi AMEL / 2008 LOMMEL 2005 & 2007 11 996 tonnes / year 8 CO2 16 MW 7 500 5 104 Aspiravi 100% Aspiravi LOMMEL / 2005 - 2007 Aspiravi _41 BUILT BEFORE 2013 102 wind turbines onshore GISTEL 2007 7 998 tonnes / year 4 CO2 9,2 MW 5 000 GISTEL / 2007 3 403 Aspiravi 100% Aspiravi PUURS 2006 3 199 tonnes / year 2 CO2 4 MW 2 000 PUURS / 2006 1 361 Aspiravi 100% Aspiravi MIDDELKERKE 1999 & 2003 1 320 tonnes / year 2 CO2 1,56 MW MIDDELKERKE / 1999 & 2003 825 561 Aspiravi 100% Aspiravi EEKLO 2002 1 600 tonnes / year 1 CO2 1,8 MW 1 000 681 Aspiravi 100% Aspiravi EEKLO / 2002 BRUGES 2002 3 551 tonnes / year 7 CO2 4,2 MW 2 220 1 511 Aspiravi 100% KAPELLE-OP-DENBOS Aspiravi BRUGES / 2002 2001 1 096 tonnes / year 3 CO2 1,2 MW 685 466 Aspiravi 100% Aspiravi KAPELLE-OP-DEN-BOS / 2001 Aspiravi _43 BIOMASS & BIOGAS & HYDROPOWER BIOMASS PLANT A&S ENERGIE 25 MW CO2 52 000 2010 82 082 tonnes/year 34 925 A&S Energie 50% Aspiravi BIOMASS PLANT A&S ENERGIE / 2010 4 BIOGAS ENGINES 100% Aspiravi BIOGAS ENGINE Lendelede - Stevan 400kW 2004 Leuven - AB InBev 1 000kW 2005 Leuven - Pellenberg 200kW 2006 Harelbeke - Agristo 500kW 2007 CO2 total: 3 942 tonnes/year 1 677 2 HYDROPOWER PLANTS 100% Aspiravi Bocholt 60kW2000 Lozen HYDROPOWER PLANT CO2 100kW2000 total: 521 tonnes/year 221 PAVING THE WAY TOGETHER Aspiravi _45 WIN D FARM _ Curaçao Aspiravi _47 WIN D FARM _ Zeebrugge Aspiravi _49 WIN D FARM _ Noorderkempen Aspiravi _51 WIN D FARM _ Antwerp Vleemo Aspiravi _53 WIN D FARM _ Lommel Aspiravi _55 WIN D FARM _ Curaçao SEIZING OPPORTUNITIES TOGETHER Aspiravi _57 2013 again proved to be a milestone for our company: besides building 12 onshore wind turbines, Aspiravi also installed Northwind, its first offshore wind farm in the Belgian North Sea. The many changes in the green power certification system are at odds with the stability and legal certainty that are required for Aspiravi’s long-term investments. Our projects are the result of the commitment of the entire team and all the partners involved, but also of the trust bestowed upon us by thousands of shareholders and the many visitors of our new projects. More and more, people are showing an interest in renewable energy and enthusiastically support the projects in our sector. DRIVEN BY WIND, TOGETHER. DRIVEN BY YOU. Epilogue Dear Reader, Thank you for having viewed the latest Aspiravi publication. 2013 again proved to be a milestone for our company: besides building 12 onshore wind turbines, Aspiravi also installed Northwind, its first offshore wind farm in the Belgian North Sea. 72 wind turbines located 35 km off the Belgian coast together form a power plant with an installed capacity of 216 MW. The pictures in this brochure (pp. 4-14) and the accompanying captions (p. 62) provide a rough idea of this wind farm, which will be fully operational by the summer of 2014. We take pride in all the completed projects that the Aspiravi Group is involved in and which today produce electricity for more than 263,000 families in total. Our projects are the result of the commitment of the entire team and all the partners involved, but also of the trust bestowed upon us by thousands of shareholders and the many visitors of our new projects. Nevertheless, we also find obstacles on our way. Social acceptance of onshore wind energy projects is far from evident: the NIMBY (not in my backyard) phenomenon is omnipresent. The economic context is uncertain and the legal framework within which we work is very complex. The many changes in the green power certification system are at odds with the stability and legal certainty that are required for Aspiravi’s long-term investments. Satisfying the economic, technical and social expectations of all the parties involved remains a major challenge. Still, we are full of hope as regards the future. Many countries acknowledge the importance of switching to a sustainable economy. An ever growing number of people are committed to preventing the unwanted consequences of climate change. More and more, people are showing an interest in renewable energy and enthusiastically support the projects in our sector. In 2013 more than 420,000 tonnes of CO2 emissions were avoided thanks to all the green installations of the Aspiravi Group! We would like to see an increase of that figure in the future, together with further growth of our company. Aspiravi continues to believe in the importance of renewable energy for a sustainable future. We dare to hope that you share that belief. Together we can build a sustainable environment for future generations. Rik Van de Walle Chief Executive Officer Aspiravi _59 PHOTOGRAPHY: TOM D’HAENENS p. 4 - 5 - 6 - 7 / WIND FARM _ Northwind The Northwind wind farm contains 72 wind turbines, installed in 8 rows, called strings. The strings are numbered A through H and contain 7 to 10 wind turbines. The yellow transition pieces are situated on the foundation piles. Measuring 22 m – 3 m of which is below sea level – and with a diameter of 4.5 m, they weigh approx. 167 tonnes each. p. 8 - 9 / WIND FARM _ Northwind Northwind’s first foundation pile - or monopile - was hammered into the bottom of the sea on 8 April 2013. The foundation pile and transition piece can have a combined length of 77 m, only 19 m of which extends above sea level. Wind turbine towers are 65.2 m high and the blades are 56 m long. The first wind turbine was placed on 23 July 2013 and turbine A06 was the first to produce green power on 12 November 2013. p. 10 - 11 / WIND FARM _ Northwind p. 13 / WIND FARM _ Northwind The ship ‘MPI Resolution’ leaves the Danish port Esbjerg, carrying 6 wind turbines: 6 vertical towers, 6 nacelles and 18 blades, assembled onshore as much as possible to reduce the amount of work that has to be done at sea. After 2 days, the ship reaches the Northwind wind farm, at which point the assembly of the wind turbines starts with the placement of the towers on the yellow transition pieces. p. 14 / WIND FARM _ Northwind The Northwind transformer station, in short OHVS (Offshore High Voltage Station), was transported to the wind farm from Denmark. The 72 wind turbines are connected to the high-voltage power station by cables that are anchored into the seabed. The cables have a combined length of approx. 50 km. The OHVS has 4 floors of 350 m² and weighs 1,160 tonnes. p. 20 - 21 / ASPIRAVI _ shareholders The ship ‘MPI Resolution’ has 70 m long extendable ‘legs’ that anchor the ship to the bottom of the sea. Once firmly attached to the seabed, the ship lifts itself above sea level, thus creating a platform that is not affected by waves, as well as a stable working area for the precision work of the cranes in mounting the wind turbines. Koen Mertens from Essen, Erwin Roovers from Vosselaar and Louis Bogaerts, a former alderman of Wuustwezel, were elected directors of the Aspiravi Samen cooperative. They believe in the importance of green energy in building a sustainable society. In their view, Aspiravi Samen gives everyone the chance to support this growth. As directors, they want to commit to building up a successful cooperative. p. 12 / WIND FARM _ Northwind p. 22 - 23 / ASPIRAVI _ transport The brown foundation piles are 62 m long and have a diameter of 5.2 m. They are made from 70 mm thick steel. It takes about three hours to hammer a foundation pile to a depth of 30 m in the seabed. The yellow transition pieces are equipped with a boat landing, which carries a platform and a ladder. The foundation piles and transition pieces are pushed into each other to a length of 7 m. For the night-time transport of wind turbine parts we accurately simulate the supply route on a computer beforehand. This helps to define which turning radius needs to be observed and where the existing infrastructure should be made mobile temporarily. For instance, in the transport of the blades at Tessenderlo Schoonhees, the turns measured an outer radius of 85 m. p. 24 - 25 / ASPIRAVI _ construction The rotor, the rotating part of the wind turbine, is attached to the nacelle. It contains 3 large openings for assembly of the blades. The rotor is always in motion (except in complete calm) and, depending on the type of wind turbine, has a capacity of 5 to 15 rotations per minute. Wind speeds of 3.5 m/second or more give the rotor sufficient speed to produce green energy. p. 26 - 27 / ASPIRAVI _construction Blades weigh 8.5 tonnes. A crane lifts them to the position of the wind turbine rotor in a horizontal position. Three engineers who are located at the rotor and have constant communication with their colleagues on the ground, affix the threaded rods. This is precision work that can only be done in calm weather conditions as the blade must keep still during the process. For this reason, wind speed meters on the crane continuously measure the wind speed. p. 28 - 29 / ASPIRAVI _ construction The aviation authorities study the lighting and marking requirements for wind turbines for each separate location. They take the final decision as to which type of marking and lighting needs to be provided. For example: the three turbines in Tessenderlo Schoonhees were equipped with red marking on the blades. p. 48 - 49 - 58 - 64 / WIND FARM _ Curaçao Curaçao is Aspiravi’s first foreign project. Ten wind turbines positioned in 2 locations on the coast line have a combined installed capacity of 30 MW and produce renewable energy for 32,000 families. p. 50 - 51 / WIND FARM _ Zeebrugge The Zeebrugge wind farm is in a unique location: it is as if the ten wind turbines are in the sea. But looks are deceiving: the turbines are on land and harmoniously follow the shape of the dam. p. 52 - 53 / WIND FARM _ Noorderkempen The Noorderkempen wind farm is the largest wind farm in the Antwerp province. The ten wind turbines are located along the E19 motorway and form a combination with the highway and the railroad. The wind farm produces green energy for 13,000 families. p. 54 - 55 / WIND FARM _ Antwerp Vleemo The wind farm of seven turbines on the right bank of the port of Antwerp was realised in a joint operation between Aspiravi and Vleemo. The wind turbines form an entity with the industrial environment of ships and companies in the port. p. 56 - 57 / WIND FARM _ Lommel The entire Lommel wind farm now contains 13 turbines. The first turbine was built in 2005. Five new turbines were added in 2013. Aspiravi _61 WIN DPARK _ Curaçao SAVING WATER WITH WIND ENERGY Did you know that 44% of Europe’s water is used for energy production, more specifically for cooling processes in thermal and nuclear power plants? Water consumption per industry in Europe (source: EEA, 2009) The water consumption for the production of one unit of electricity differs for each type of plant. Nuclear plants use up enormous amounts of water. Average water consumption required for the production of 1 MWh of energy (source: IPCC, SRREN, 2011) ry 24% m³/MWh m³/MWh COAL GAS 0,7 m³/MWh uc 21% t e r p ro v i s i o n 44% wa e n e rg y p r od lic 11% 2,7 1,9 NUCLEAIR p n ub tio i n dust Total water consumption for the production of energy in Europe in 2011 (source: Eurostat, 2013) a g r i c u l t u re NUCLEAIR: COAL: GAS: 2,44 billion m³ 1,54 billion m³ 0,53 billion m³ By contrast, wind energy hardly uses any water. In 2012, the use of wind energy in Europe saved a total of 1.2 billion m³ of water. Calculations show that by 2030 wind energy could allow for annual water savings between 4.3 and 6.4 billion m³. In the future, Europe will be forced to impose strict water policies. One of the crucial elements therein is a drastic reduction of water consumption in Europe’s energy production by replacing thermal and nuclear plants with wind energy farms. Source: ‘Saving water with wind energy’, published by the European Wind Energy Association - March 2014. www.ewea.org/report/saving-water. Aspiravi _63 Resp. Ed. : Aspiravi, Rik Van de Walle, Vaarnewijkstraat 17, B-8530 Harelbeke T.: +32 56 70 27 36 - F.: +32 56 71 60 05 - [email protected] www.aspiravi.be creation: www.blauwepeer.be VAARNEWIJKSTRAAT 17 - B-8530 HARELBEKE
© Copyright 2024 ExpyDoc