Young Japanese People’s Construction of

Young Japanese People’s
Construction of Relationships
in Mobile Phone
Communication
-an analysis based on empathy, emotion and context-
Kazuko Miyake
(Toyo University, Tokyo)
Contents
1. Language in the Media
2. Japanese Youth Today
3. Linguistic Patterns of the Mobile Phone
Messaging
4. Conclusion
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Kazuko Miyake, Toyo University
2
Language in the Media(1)
We are communicating through media…
Telephone
Fax
Mobile phone
E-mail
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Kazuko Miyake, Toyo University
Radio
TV
Newspaper
Magazine
Internet
3
Language in the Media(2)
Boundaries are Blurring…
Mass
Written
Face to Face
vs.
Personal
Spoken
Mediated
* Internet communication =Hybride(Chrystal 2001)
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Kazuko Miyake, Toyo University
4
Language in the Media(3)
Mobile Phone Messaging (MPM) is
internet connection rate:
Japan(94.1%), and South Korea(89.0%)
= CMC( computer mediated communication)
Others(3rd USA,33.5%, 4th Austria, 28.2%)
=SMS( short messaging service)
Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications 2005.
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Kazuko Miyake, Toyo University
5
Language in the Media(4)
Mobile Phone = a ‘Must’
Male: 96.9% in 20’s
Female: 95.7% in 20’s
Nomura Sogo Kenkyujo 2003. Joho tsushin riyosha doko no chosa.
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Kazuko Miyake, Toyo University
6
Japanese Youth Today(1)
若者論 Wakamono-ron 1970 – 2005
interpersonal relationship
- Diluted Relationship (関係希薄化論)
- Selective Relationship (選択的関係論)
- Pluralistic Relationship (多元的関係論)
Miyake 2005. Keitai denwa to wakamono no taijin kankei.
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Kazuko Miyake, Toyo University
7
Japanese Youth Today(2)
MPM creates...
Intimacy
Carried and used by the owner only
Carried and used very close to the body
with
Distance
One-way communication with time lag
Non spontaneous communication with revisability
Miyake 2005. Keitai denwa to wakamono no taijin kankei.
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8
Linguistic Patterns of MPM
F1 08:10 おはぁ
もしくみこたちが無理でもお昼一緒
に食べない ??
F2 08:12 そぉね
昨日の続きをゆっくり聞こうぢゃないの
F1 08:14 ありがとぅ今メールがきてさぁ…マジ泣きたくなって
きたぁ
１限とかやる気なくなるよぉ
F2 08:17 末期だゎ思い詰めすぎちゃダメょ後でね～ ”
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Kazuko Miyake, Toyo University
9
Transcription & Translation
A1 08:10 ohâ
moshi kumiko-tachi ga muri demo ohiru isshoni
tabenai ??
[morning
shall we have lunch together even if kumiko
and the others can’t make it ??]
B2 08:12 Sône
kinô no tsuzuki o kikô ja naino
[good idea
how about telling me the rest of what happened
yesterday]
A3 08:14 arigatô
ima mêru ga kitesâ…maji nakitakunattekitâ
1gen toka yaruki nakunaruyô.
[thanks
i’ve got another message just now… i feel like
crying, seriously
i don‘t feel like i have enough energy for
a 1st period class or anything]
B4 08:17 makki dawa
[You’re terminal
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omoi tsumecha dameyo
don’t take it too seriously
Kazuko Miyake, Toyo University
”
atodene～
see you later～
”]
10
Conversational Strategies(1)
To elicit responses & express
involvement：





Final Particles: よ、ね、の
Ellipsis: structual particle が and others
Interrogatives 疑問形
Exclamation marks 感嘆符‘！’
Slang, Youth language パクッたよマジむかつ
く
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Kazuko Miyake, Toyo University
11
Conversational Strategies(2)
To create conversational effects：
Onomatopoeia: パンパンにしてやる
False starts: そ、それが･･･ま、まさか
Dialectal expression: そら、困るで～
Archaic language & Baby talk: ～ござる～し
まひゅ
 Coined expression: かなり可です




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Kazuko Miyake, Toyo University
12
Non-standard Orthography(1)
①おはぁ → おはあ → おはよう
‘Ohâ’
‘Ohâ’
‘Ohayô’
good morning
②末期だゎ → 末期だわ
‘makki dawa’ ‘makki dawa’
at a terminal stage
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Kazuko Miyake, Toyo University
13
Non-standard Orthography(2)
① 聞こうぢゃないの → 聞こうじゃないの
Kikôja naino’
‘Kikôja naino’
tell me about…
②そぉね → そおね → そうね
‘Sône’
‘Sône’
‘Sône’
good idea
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Kazuko Miyake, Toyo University
14
Roles and functions of graphic signs(1)
そっちは何時まで？
What time does your (class) finish？
飲み会、どうだった？
How was the (beer) drinking party？
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Kazuko Miyake, Toyo University
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Roles and functions of graphic signs(2)
それじゃぁいまから寝るね
I’m going to bed, now
かわいそうにぃ‥
I feel really sorry for you
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Kazuko Miyake, Toyo University
16
Roles and functions of graphic signs(3)
よろしくぅ
Thank you
ところであしたの放課後ヒマ～？
By the way
Are you free tomorrow
afternoon？
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Kazuko Miyake, Toyo University
17
Graphic Signs
１. Pictorial Signs:
２. Emoticons: (> _<) (^^) m(_ _)m
3. Symbols: ★ ◎ ♪
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Kazuko Miyake, Toyo University
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Frequency Distribution of Pictorial Signs
Pictorial Signs
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
155
102
36
30
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pe
ct
tin
dis
Pr
os
od
y
Co
m
In
at
ion
ns
ot
io
n
Em
ing
Co
rre
s
po
nd
g
sin
Ex
pr
es
Bo
dy
M
Em
ov
e
me
n
ot
io
n
t
19
Kazuko Miyake, Toyo University
19
Frequency Distribution of
Emoticons
Emoticons
250
196
200
150
100
50
21
18
0
Body Movement
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Expressing Emotion
Kazuko Miyake, Toyo University
Corresponding
Emotion
20
Frequency Distribution of
Symbols
Symbols
113
120
100
80
60
40
20
2
3
Body Movement
Prosody
Compensation
0
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Kazuko Miyake, Toyo University
Indistinct
21
Gyarumoji: Distorted Letters
ありがとう
Easy:
ぁりか〃とぅ
A little difficult:
Difficult:
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ぁりヵゞ`⊂ぅ
ぁﾚ)ヵゞ`⊂ぅ
Kazuko Miyake, Toyo University
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Concludion：Empathy, Emotion and Context
-Intimacy and distance
-Meaning: Not clear, blurred & diluted
-Context over Content
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References
Crystal, David 2001. Language and the Internet. Cambridge University Press.
Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications 2005. White paper: Infromation
and Communications in Japan, Year 2004
Miyake, Kazuko 2000. Kêtai no gengo kôdô, higengo kôdô.[Linguistic and nonlinguistic behaviours with mobile phones] Nihongogaku, 19-.12: 6-17
Miyake, Kazuko 2005. Keitai denwa to wakamono no taijin kankei.[Mobile
phone and relationship managements of the young generation.] in Yoshiaki
Hashimoto(ed.) Kôza shakai gengo kagaku 2, Media.[Series
Sociolinguistic Sciences, 2. Media], 136-155. Hituzi shobo
Nomura sôgô kenkyûjo 2003 jôhô tsûshin riyôsha no dôkô. [Cyber Life
Observations], 13.
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