Japanese High Energy Astrophysics Mission on ISS
Monitor of All-Sky X-ray Image
(MAXI)
N. Kawai 河合誠之, J. Kataoka
(東京工業大学：Tokyo Institute of Technology)
M. Matsuoka, S. Ueno, H. Tomida, (NASDA)
H. Tsunemi, E. Miyata (Osaka Univ.)
T. Mihara, H. Negoro, M. Kohama, I. Sakurai (RIKEN)
A. Yoshida (Aoyama Univ.), Y. Shirasaki, (NAOJ),
Overview
• All Sky X-ray Monitor on ISS
– Scanning all sky every 90 min
• Two Types of X-ray Detectors
– Gas Slit Camera (GSC)
– Solid-state Slit Camera (SSC)
• Mission 2005 August ~ 2+ years
• Scientific Goals
–
–
–
–
Long-term AGN Variability
X-ray Novae
Diffuse X-ray Sources
GRB afterglow
ISS & JEM
JEM
MAXI
• International Space
Station (ISS)
• Japanese Experiment
Module (JEM)
Overview of MAXI
Radiator for X-ray CCDs
Grapple Fixture for a robot arm
Electronics
Optical Star Sensor
100cm
80cm
ATCS
180cm
Gas Slit Cameras (GSC)
: X-ray gas proportional counter
Solid-state Slit
Cameras (SSC)
: X-ray CCD
Total weight: 490 kg
FOV of MAXI
Point Spread Function
incident angle = 0 deg
in latitude direction
incident angle = 20 deg
in latitude direction
358 mm
Test Counter
• 1-D position sensitive counter
(anodes : 10 mm carbon fiber)
• MAXI employs 12 counters
(total area = 5340cm2)
• (1.5x80 deg) x 3
=>1.5x160 deg
• 2-30keV range
• position resolution ～1mm
Gas Slit Camera
(GSC)
Position resolution and
linearity over the 30 cm
sensitive area of GSC
Solid-State Slit Camera
(SSC)
ΔE ~ 145 eV @ 6 keV
Hamamatsu Photonics CCD
•MAXI employs 2 SSCs
•Each SSC has 16 CCD chips
developed by Hamamatsu
Photonics
•Effective area ～100cm2 x 2
100
X-ray Nova Light Curves
and MAXI Sensitivity
10
Flux (Crab unit)
0.5-30 keV X-ray spectrum
available every day!
1
One Crab
0.1
0.01
Detectable in one day
0.001
Detectable in one
week
Detectable
in one
week
0
50
100
150
200
Time (days after outburst)
One mCrab
250
Sensitivity of MAXI
RXTE ASM
1 orbit
(30 sources)
1 day
(100 sources)
1 week
(1000
sources)
Simulation of MAXI Observation
One Orbit
5-month
MAXI Data Communication System
ISS-JEM
MAXI
Mil 1553B
DRTS
30-50 kbps, 24 hr/day
Ethernet
3 Mbps, 5 hr/day
NASDA
NASA
Alart data
Stored data
MAXI Science team
simulation
MAXI/GSC: X1608-52
simulation
MAXI/GSC: MCG -6-30-15
simulation
MAXI/GSC: Ark 564
MAXI Schedule
1997
H 9
10
1999
11
Selection
Kickoff R
採択 開発確認審査
12
2001
13
2003
15
14
PDR/SR-1 CDR/SR-2
NASA/SR1 NASA/SR2
概念設計
基本設計
詳細設計
部分試作
部分試験
TMM試験
16
SR-3
NASA/SR3
2005
17
18
打上
運用
Launch
?
設計維持
FM製作
各部試験
一部のEM
総合試験
射場試験
?
PFM物品の調達
Now under TMM test!
wait ?
19
Summary
• MAXI : all-sky X-ray monitor on JEM/ISS
– the first all-sky X-ray monitor for AGNs
• Two-types of Detectors
– GSCs & SSCs covering 0.5-30 keV band
• Detection-limit down to 1-2 mCrab for 1 day
• 2005 August ~ 2 years